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Transcript of Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Muscles Crossing Hip and Knee Joints Include flexion,...
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Muscles Crossing Hip and Knee Joints
• Include flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, circumduction, and rotation
• Most anterior muscles flex the femur at the hip and extend the leg at the knee (foreswing of walking)
• Most posterior muscles extend the thigh and flex the leg (backswing of walking)
• Medial muscles all adduct the thigh
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 10.19a
Psoas minorIliac crest
Psoas majorIliopsoas
12th ribQuadratus lumborum
Iliacus
Anterior superior iliac spineTensor fasciae lataePectineus
Sartorius
Quadriceps femoris• Rectus femoris • Vastus lateralis• Vastus medialis
(a)
Adductor magnus
PatellaPatellar ligament
Tendon of quadriceps femoris
12th thoracic vertebra
5th lumbar vertebra
Adductor longusGracilis
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Movements of the Thigh
• Thigh extensors
• Hamstring muscles (prime movers of extension)
• Biceps femoris
• Semitendinosus
• Semimembranosus
• Gluteus maximus (prime mover during forceful extension)
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 10.20a
Gluteus medius
Gluteus maximus
Adductor magnusGracilisIliotibial tract
Long head
SemitendinosusSemimembranosus
Short headBicepsfemoris
Hamstrings
(a)
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Movements of the Thigh
• Adductors (also medially rotate thigh)
• Adductor magnus
• Adductor longus
• Adductor brevis
• Gracilis
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 10.19b
(b)
O = origin I = insertion
Adductormagnus
Pectineus(cut)
Adductorbrevis
Adductorlongus
Femur
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Movements of the Thigh
• Abductors
• Gluteus maximus (also laterally rotates thigh)
• Gluteus medius (also medially rotates thigh)
• Gluteus minimus (also medially rotates thigh)
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 10.20c
Superiorgemellus
Obturatorinternus
Inferiorgemellus
Gluteus medius (cut)
Gluteus minimus
Piriformis
ObturatorexternusQuadratusfemoris
Gluteusmaximus(cut)
(c)
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Muscles of the Thigh that Move the Knee Joint
• Quadriceps femoris—sole extensor of the knee
• Hamstring muscles—flex the knee, and are antagonists to the quadriceps femoris
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 10.19a
Psoas minorIliac crest
Psoas majorIliopsoas
12th ribQuadratus lumborum
Iliacus
Anterior superior iliac spineTensor fasciae lataePectineus
Sartorius
Quadriceps femoris• Rectus femoris • Vastus lateralis• Vastus medialis
(a)
Adductor magnus
PatellaPatellar ligament
Tendon of quadriceps femoris
12th thoracic vertebra
5th lumbar vertebra
Adductor longusGracilis
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 10.20a
Gluteus medius
Gluteus maximus
Adductor magnusGracilisIliotibial tract
Long head
SemitendinosusSemimembranosus
Short headBicepsfemoris
Hamstrings
(a)
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Muscles of the Leg: Movements
• Various leg muscles produce the following movements
• Ankle—dorsiflexion and plantar flexion
• Intertarsal joints—inversion and eversion of the foot
• Toes—flexion and extension
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Muscles of the Anterior Compartment of the Leg
• Primary toe extensors and ankle dorsiflexors
• Tibialis anterior
• Extensor digitorum longus
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 10.21a
Fibularis longus
Gastrocnemius
TibiaTibialis anteriorExtensor digitorum longus
SoleusExtensor hallucis longusFibularis tertius
Extensor hallucis brevis
Extensor digitorum brevis
Superior and inferiorextensor retinacula
(a)
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 10.22a
Patella
Head of fibula
GastrocnemiusSoleusFibularis longusExtensor digitorum longus
Tibialis anteriorExtensor hallucis longusFibularis tertius
Fibularis brevisFlexor hallucis longus
Fibular retinaculum
Lateral malleolus
Superior and inferior extensorretinacula
Extensor digitorum brevis
5th metatarsal
Extensor hallucis brevis
(a)
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Muscles of the Posterior Compartment of the Leg
• Flexors of the foot and the toes
• Gastrocnemius
• Soleus
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 10.23a
Gastrocnemius
Plantaris
Medial headLateral head
Tendon ofgastrocnemius
Calcaneal tendon
Medial malleolus Lateral malleolus
Calcaneus
(a) Superficial view of the posterior leg.
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 10.25a
Posterior compartment ofthigh (flexes leg and extendsthigh); innervation: tibialnerve (portion of sciatic nerve)
Medial compartment (adductsthigh); innervation: obturatornerve Anterior compartment (extends leg);
innervated by femoral nerve
Vastusintermedius
Rectus femorisVastus medialis
(a) Muscles of the thigh
Posteriorcompartmentmuscles
Anteriorcompartmentmuscle
Medialcompartmentmuscles of thighand lateralcompartmentmuscles of leg
Adductors
Vastuslateralis
Hamstrings
Femur
(a)
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 10.25b
Posterior compartmentof leg (plantar flexes foot,flexes toes); innervatedby tibial nerve
Anterior compartment of leg(dorsiflexes foot, extends toes);innervated by deep fibular nerve
Lateral compartment of leg(plantar flexes and everts foot);innervation: superficialfibular nerve
Triceps surae
Fibula
Tibialisanterior Tibia
Fibularismuscles
(b) Muscles of the leg
(b)
Posteriorcompartmentmuscles
Anteriorcompartmentmuscle
Medialcompartmentmuscles of thighand lateralcompartmentmuscles of leg
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 10.21a
Fibularis longus
Gastrocnemius
TibiaTibialis anteriorExtensor digitorum longus
SoleusExtensor hallucis longusFibularis tertius
Extensor hallucis brevis
Extensor digitorum brevis
Superior and inferiorextensor retinacula
(a)
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Question:
Which kite shaped muscle pair stabilizes, raises, retracts, and rotates the scapula?
Answer:
Trapesius
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Name the fascicle pattern represented by letter (d)
Which letter would represent a fusiform fascicle pattern?
Which fascicle patter is represented by letter (b)?
Which fascicle pattern is represented by letter (e)?
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of these levers is a speed lever?
Which of these levers is at a mechanical disadvantage?
Explain the relationship between the load, fulcrum and effort when classifying a lever as a mechanical advantage compared to a disadvantage.
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Point to platysma
Point to and name the muscle that is the antagonist to depressor labii inferioris
Identify and name the prime mover for chewing
Point to and name the muscle used for whistling and nursing infants
Identify and name the muscle that is a synergist for jaw closure/chewing
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Locate the linea alba
Locate serratus anterior
Name and locate the prime mover for spinal flexion
Locate the transverse abdominals
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Locate and identify the muscle in this image that is part of the rotator cuff
Locate pectoralis major
Locate and identify the muscles inferior to pectoralis minor
Locate and identify the muscle responsible for flexion and lateral rotation of the neck
Locate and identify the prime mover for arm abdcuction
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Locate and identify the muscle responsible for arm adduction
Locate teres minor
Locate rhomboid major
Locate trapezious
Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Locate gracillis
Locate sartorious
Which group of muscles does gracilis fit into
Locate vastus lateralis
List the muscles included in the quadricep group and give the main function
Which muscle of the quadricep group is not visible in this image?