Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Leadership in Organizations 15-1 Chapter 15 Gender,...

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Leadership in Organizations15-1

Chapter 15Gender, Diversity, and Cross-Cultural Leadership

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Leadership in Organizations 15-2

Learning Objectives Understand why cross-cultural research on

leadership is important. Understand different types of cross-cultural

research. Understand the difficulties of studying cross-

cultural leadership. Understand how cultural values are related to

beliefs about effective leadership.


Learning Objectives (Cont.) Understand how cultural values can influence

leader behavior. Understand how gender issues have been studied

and the limitations of this research. Understand the findings in research on gender

differences in leadership. Understand how to manage diversity and provide

equal opportunities.


Introduction to Cross-Cultural Leadership

Importance of Cross-Cultural Research Increasing globalization Leaders need to influence people from other cultures Leaders need to understand how others interpret their

actions Cultural Influences on Leadership Behavior


Cross-Cultural Leadership Research: Types and Difficulties

Types of Cross-Cultural Studies Methodological Problems

Lack of equivalence of meaning for measures Confounding effects Response bias Lack of representative samples Level of analysis problems


Cross-Cultural Leadership Research: Types and Difficulties (Cont.)

Cross-Cultural Research on Behavior Differences Examples of Research on the Effects of Behavior

Lowe, 1999 Dorfman and colleagues, 1997 Schaubroech, Lam, and Cha, 2007


The GLOBE ProjectTable: Cultural Beliefs about Ideal Leader Attributes


Cultural Value Dimensions and Leadership

Power Distance Uncertainty Avoidance Individualism (vs. Collectivism) Gender Egalitarianism Performance Orientation Human Orientation


Table: Globe Culture Clusters


Evaluation of the Cross-Cultural Research

1. How does actual behavior of leaders differ across cultural value clusters and for different countries?

2. How are leader values and behaviors jointly influenced by personality (and developmental experiences), company culture, and national culture?

3. How useful is the distinction between actual and ideal cultural values for understanding implicit theories of leadership and patterns of leadership behavior?


Evaluation of the Cross-Cultural Research (Cont.)

4. How difficult is it to change an organization’s cultural values when they are not consistent with the societal values where the organization’s facilities are located?

5. How fast are cultural values changing, and what are the primary determinants of culture changes that are relevant for leadership?

6. What types of leadership traits, skills, and developmental experiences are most useful to prepare someone for a leadership assignment in a different culture?


Gender and Leadership

Sex-Based Discrimination Explanations for the Glass Ceiling Theories of Feminine Advantage Findings in Research on Gender Differences Limitations on Research on Gender Differences Identifying Causes and Reducing Discrimination Summary of Leader Gender Research


Managing Diversity

Table: Guidelines for Managing Diversity


Managing Diversity (Cont.)

Fostering Appreciation and Tolerance Providing Equal Opportunity


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Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Leadership in Organizations 15-1 Chapter 15 Gender,...

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