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Transcript of Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings PowerPoint ® Lecture...
![Page 1: Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings PowerPoint ® Lecture Slide Presentation prepared by Christine L. Case M I C R.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070307/551a677755034643688b4d62/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
PowerPoint® Lecture Slide Presentation prepared by Christine L. Case
M I C R O B I O L O G Ya n i n t r o d u c t i o n
ninth edition TORTORA FUNKE CASE
28Applied and Industrial
Microbiology
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Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Industrial Microbiology - History
Lactic acid and ethanol from large-scale food
fermentations
Armament-related chemicals such as glycerol and
acetone during World Wars I & II
Antibiotics following World War II
Renewable feedstocks now
Traditional & new biotechnology: recombinant DNA
technology
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Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Fermentation Technology
Industrial fermentation vs. Physiological fermentation
Anaerobic → Aerobic
Microbial, plant, and animal cells
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Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Bioreactors
Type: many different designs, most widely used CSTR
Size: small to large e.g. 500,000 liters
Operation: batch or continuous
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Continuously Stirred Tank Reactor
Figure 28.10
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Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Microbial Metabolites
Primary metabolites: growth associated
Secondary metabolites
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Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Primary Fermentation
Figure 28.11a
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Secondary Fermentation
Figure 28.11b
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Strain Improvement
Traditional methods: UV, X rays, chemical mutagen
Modern technology
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Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Immobilization Technology
Immobilized enzymes vs. traditional chemical process
Immobilized cells: continuous flow processes
Materials used fro immobilization
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Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Immobilized Cells
Figure 28.12
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Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Industrial Products
Amino acids
Citric acid
Enzymes
Vitamins
Antibiotics
Steroids
Etc.
UN 28.1
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Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Amino Acids
L-glutamate (glutamic acid) → MSG (monosodium
glutamate): flavor enhancer
Lysine and methionine: cereal food (feed) supplements
Phenylalanine and aspartic acid (L-aspartate):
ingredients in the sugar-free sweetener aspartame
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Citric Acid
Original source: oranges and lemons
Product of mold (Aspergillus niger) metabolism after
World War I
Use: giving tartness and flavor to foods, antioxidant and
pH adjuster in many foods, emulsifier in dairy products
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Enzymes
Amylase
Glucose isomerase
Proteases
Rennin
Etc. Table 28.6
Use: food industry, laundry detergent, clinical use…
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Vitamins
Vitamin B12
Riboflavin
Vitamin C (ascorbic acid)
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Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Pharmaceuticals
Antibiotics: mold or streptomycete
Vaccines: antiviral (chicken eggs or cell culture),
antibacterial (growth of bacteria), subunit (recombinant
DNA technology) vaccines
Steroids: cortisone, estrogens, progesterone,
conversion of sterol to steroids
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Biological Leaching of Copper Ores
Figure 28.14a
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Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Microorganisms as products
Baker’s yeast: Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria: Rhizobium and
Bradyrhizobium
Insect pathogen: Bacillus thuringiensis
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Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Biomass Methane or ethyl alcoholBioconversion
Alternative Energy Sources Using Microorganisms
Figure 28.15
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Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
The Future Of Industrial Microbiology
Foods
Fine chemicals and pharmaceuticals
Renewable energy and chemical sources (shortage of
fossil fuel)
Genetic engineering and Metabolic engineering