Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster Public Policy and Criminal...

Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster

Public Policy and Public Policy and Criminal JusticeCriminal Justice

Policy AnalysisPolicy Analysis

(Decision Making Part I)(Decision Making Part I)


Policy Making Theories Policy Making Theories

PluralistPluralist Open processOpen process

Power elitePower elite Small group of people Small group of people

who are the most who are the most informed make best informed make best decisions.decisions.

Public choicePublic choice Market will make Market will make

choices.choices. Competition is goodCompetition is good

BureaucraticBureaucratic ExpertiseExpertise


ProblemsProblems

PluralistPluralist Assumes all groups Assumes all groups

are representedare represented

Power elitePower elite Upper Class BiasUpper Class Bias Right and Left wing Right and Left wing

distrust of distrust of governmentgovernment

Public choicePublic choice People always act in People always act in

their own self-interesttheir own self-interest May not protect the May not protect the

public interestpublic interest Equity issuesEquity issues

BureaucraticBureaucratic May be out of touch May be out of touch

with citizens.with citizens. Fear of abuse.Fear of abuse. Street level Street level

bureaucratbureaucrat


Private GoodsPrivate Goods

PrivatePrivate Can Can NOTNOT be easily be easily

divideddivided ExclusiveExclusive


Public GoodsPublic Goods

Public: value to Public: value to larger societylarger society Can not be dividedCan not be divided Non-exclusiveNon-exclusive


Criminal JusticeCriminal Justice

A public or Private A public or Private good?good?

Photograph provided by Woodcrest Vehicle Center


ScarcityScarcity

Conflict between Conflict between unlimited human unlimited human wants and their wants and their limited resourceslimited resources

Consequence Consequence - - we must choose we must choose between wants and between wants and resource allocationresource allocation


General Analysis ProcessGeneral Analysis Process

Define/analyze the problemDefine/analyze the problem Determine goals Determine goals Construct alternativesConstruct alternatives Design evaluation criteriaDesign evaluation criteria Evaluate alternativesEvaluate alternatives Draw Conclusion and make Draw Conclusion and make

recommendationsrecommendations


Define/analyze problemDefine/analyze problem

What is the problem?What is the problem? Where is the problem?Where is the problem? Who or what is affected?Who or what is affected? How did the problem develop?How did the problem develop? What are the primary causes?What are the primary causes? How might the problem be improved How might the problem be improved

by policy action?by policy action?


QuestionQuestion

Would Would Criminological TheoryCriminological Theory choice choice affect:affect: What is the problem?What is the problem? Where is the problem?Where is the problem? Who or what is affected?Who or what is affected? How did the problem develop?How did the problem develop? What are the primary causes?What are the primary causes? How might the problem be improved by How might the problem be improved by

policy action?policy action?


Determine GoalsDetermine Goals

What are What are economic, political, economic, political, cultural and/or cultural and/or social goals?social goals?

How are the goals How are the goals specifically stated?specifically stated? Are they Are they

measurable?measurable?


Construct OptionsConstruct Options

What policy options What policy options available?available? Looking for multiple Looking for multiple

solutionssolutions


QuestionQuestion

Would Would Criminological TheCriminological Theoryory choice affect choice affect options?options?


Design evaluation criteriaDesign evaluation criteria

What criteria would best evaluate What criteria would best evaluate current problem and policy options?current problem and policy options?

What is the cost?What is the cost? What is the potential effectiveness?What is the potential effectiveness? How feasible is the solution:How feasible is the solution:

EconomicallyEconomically PoliticallyPolitically CulturallyCulturally

Are their Are their Equity IssuesEquity Issues??


Evaluate alternativesEvaluate alternatives

Best Option?Best Option? Is there more research that could Is there more research that could

find a better policy? find a better policy? Sufficient data for analysis?Sufficient data for analysis?

Appropriate dataAppropriate data Measurement techniquesMeasurement techniques

What other data and/or information What other data and/or information is required to decide?is required to decide?


Draw Conclusion and make Draw Conclusion and make recommendationsrecommendations

Under current Under current conditions, which is conditions, which is the most desirable the most desirable policy? policy?

Are there other Are there other factors?factors?


Needs AnalysisNeeds Analysis

A management and/or research technique A management and/or research technique that can be used to determine the that can be used to determine the difference between the current state and difference between the current state and desired state.desired state. The difference between an analysis and an The difference between an analysis and an

evaluation is that an analysis is based on evaluation is that an analysis is based on science or mathematics.science or mathematics.


Analysis StepsAnalysis Steps

Collect Data Collect Data Collate Data Collate Data Develop a Response Develop a Response Describe What is Being Analyzed Describe What is Being Analyzed Analyze or Review the Data Analyze or Review the Data Assess the ResultsAssess the Results


Collect Data Collect Data

List the dataList the data Where can the data be obtained? Where can the data be obtained? What time period will be collected?What time period will be collected?

SurveysSurveys Focus GroupsFocus Groups StudiesStudies Available statistical informationAvailable statistical information


Collate the DataCollate the Data

Collating is not analysis. It is putting Collating is not analysis. It is putting the information in some order so that the information in some order so that you can conduct an analysisyou can conduct an analysis


AnalysisAnalysis

Where?Where? When?When? What conditions or events precede?What conditions or events precede? What conditions or events What conditions or events

accompany?accompany? What harm?What harm? What has been done?What has been done? Stakeholders and assets?Stakeholders and assets?


ResponseResponse

BrainstormBrainstorm Feasibility-Feasibility-

TimeTime MoneyMoney resourcesresources

What preparations are need?What preparations are need? Who is responsible to implement?Who is responsible to implement? What should or should not be done?What should or should not be done?


AssessmentAssessment

Collect the data again and see if the Collect the data again and see if the analysis was correct.analysis was correct.

Did you achieve the intended Did you achieve the intended outcome?outcome?

Does the plan need to be changed?Does the plan need to be changed? How will you monitor the situation to How will you monitor the situation to

be sure the problem does not be sure the problem does not reoccur?reoccur?


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Copyright 2005 - 2009: Hi Tech Criminal Justice, Raymond E. Foster Public Policy and Criminal...

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