Copy of Paradigm Wizard - Learning Research and ... an ExperimentCreating an Experiment using the...

Creating an ExperimentCreating an Experimentusing the Paradigm Wizardusing the Paradigm WizardThe Paradigm Wizard allows you to put together an experiment very quickly (usually in less that one quarter the time it wouldtake from using E-studio alone). It asks you a few simple questions and then automatically builds most of an experiment structurefor you. You then use E-studio to add the finishing touches. To emphasize the relationship between the Paradigm Wizard and E-studio, we will redo the experiment that we used in the E-studio tutorial. Below is a brief description of that experiment.

The experiment used in this tutorial is a variation of the Blair and Banaji (1996) study examining automatic andcontrolled processes in stereotype priming. With their results, Blair and Banaji supported the proposal thatstereotypes may be automatically activated, but that these effects may be controlled, or even eliminated byperceivers. In the experiment described in this tutorial, subjects will be presented with a prime word for a shortduration. The prime word will be either inherently masculine or feminine (e.g., sports or flowers), and will haveeither positive or negative connotation (e.g., sports or bald). Before the prime, a "+" will briefly appear in thecenter of the screen (called fixation). After the prime, a target word will be presented. The target word will beeither a male or female name (e.g., Bob or Linda). The task is to respond to the target word by pressing a ‘1’ ifthe target word is a male name, or by pressing a ‘2’ if the target word is a female name. Reaction time andaccuracy will be measured.

Schematic representation of the experiment:

Welcometo the

experiment!

PRIME + TARGET

Thank youand

Goodbye!

Setup and run the trials.

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E-Prime: Getting Started Guide Application: E-Studio

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Task 1: Launch the Paradigm Wizard

The Paradigm Wizard may be used to quickly construct the framework for an experimentThis step guides you through opening the Paradigm Wizard.

1) Launch E-Studio byclicking the Startbutton and selectingPrograms .

2) From the Programsmenu, select E-Prime .

3) From the E-Primemenu, select E-Studio .

A dialog is displayedallowing you to open ablank experiment,create an experimentusing the ParadigmWizard, or open anexisting experiment.

4) Click the radio buttonnext to ParadigmWizard to select it.

5) Click OK.

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Task 2: Select the general paradigm

This step guides you through choosing the general paradigm and creating a reaction timeexperiment.

1) Select the ChoiceReaction Time Wiz-ard .

Currently, this is theonly paradigm enabled,and it is selected bydefault.

2) Click OK. u

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Task 3: Specify subject instructions

This step will guide you in selecting the number of subject instruction screens to be pre-sented.

1) For the current experi-ment, only one screenof instructions is neces-sary. Set the numberof screens to “1” (de-fault).

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Task 4: Set the number of blocks to be run

This step shows you how to set the number of practice and experimental blocks to be run.The automaticity in stereotyping experiments calls for one practice block and one block ofreal trials.

1) Set the number ofpractice blocks to “1”(default).

2) Set the number ofexperimental blocks to“1” (default).

3) Click Next .

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Task 5: Set Block level variables

This step will guide you through defining your block level variables. The current experimentincludes only one block level variable.

1) Click in the checkboxnext to PracticeModein the list of Recom-mended Block Vari-ables .

2) Click Next .

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Task 6: Set the number of trials to be run

This step guides you through designating the number of trials to be run.

1) Using the up arrow onthe right side of the firsttext box, set the num-ber of practice trials to“4.”

2) Using the up arrow onthe right side of thesecond text box, setthe number of trials inexperimental blocks to“8.”

3) Click Next .

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Task 7: Set Trial level variables

This step will guide you through setting the variables at the trial level.

1) The automaticity instereotyping experimentsincludes the following triallevel variables:

PrimeGender PrimeTypeNameGender Prime Target

2) Click the Add Variablebutton 5 times to create 5trial level variables. Thenew variables will appearunder Trial Form Vari-ables (e.g., TrialVar1 ).

3) Change the defaultnames of these variablesto the more meaningfulnames above. To do this,place the cursor over abox (e.g., the one con-taining TrialVar1), andclick to select the box(the box will be outlined).Then type the newvariable name (e.g.,PrimeGender ) in the box.Move to the next field byusing the up and downarrow keys or by pressing<Enter> . Enter all 5variables as shownabove.

4) Click the checkbox nextto CorrectAnswer in theRecommended Trialvariables list.

This will addCorrectAnswer as anindependent Variable.

5) Click Next .

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Task 8: Define the trial events

This step guides you through setting the specific events that will occur within each trial.

1) Click the checkboxnext to Pre-Trial Orien-tation .

This will be used todisplay the Prime.

2) Verify that thecheckbox next to Fixa-tion is selected topresent a fixation.

Note: If you click on acheckbox that hasalready been selected,then you will deselectit.

3) Verify that thecheckbox next toStimulus Display isselected.

This display will beused to present theTarget, and to collecta response.

4) Deselect Feedback .The Feedback will bebased on the responsecollected from theTarget display. Note:The Feedback option istemporarilyinaccessible in theBeta version ofParadigm Wizard.

5) Click Next .

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Task 9: Set the properties for the Pre-Trial Orientation

This step will guide you through setting up the Pre-Trial Orientation display, which willdisplay the Prime for 1000 milliseconds.

1) Select the “your taskis ” text in the Pre-TrialOrienation window anddelete it.

2) Drag [Prime] from theVariables list (locatedto the right of the textwindow) to the centerof the text window.

[Prime] should bedisplayed in the centerof the display.

3) Click the Duration/Inpu t button to displaythe Duration & Inputdialog.

4) Click the OK button toaccept the default(which is to collect noresponse and displayfor 1000 ms).

5) Click Next .

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Task 10: Set the properties for the Fixation display

This step guides you through setting the properties of the Fixation display, which will con-sist of a “+” displayed in the center of the screen for 1000 milliseconds.

1) By default, the Fixationdisplay screen gener-ated by the Wizardconsists of a “+” symbolcentered in the display.

2) Click the Duration/Input button to bring upthe Duration & Inputdialog.

3) The default for thefixation display is toterminate the displayafter 1000 millisecondswithout collecting aresponse. Click OK toaccept this default.

4) Click Next to continuewith the next step of theWizard.

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Task 11: Set the properties for the Stimulus Display

This step will guide you in setting up the Stimulus display, which will display the Target andcollect a response.

1) Select the “<insertstimulus here> ” text inthe Stimulus Displaywindow and delete it.

2) Drag [Target] from theVariables list (locatedto the right of the textwindow) to the centerof the text window.

You may have to scrolldown to find [Target] inthe Variables list.

3) Click the Duration/Input button to displaythe Duration & Inputdialog.

4) Verify that the radiobutton to enable re-sponse collection (i.e.,“Yes, collect a re-sponse using thefollowing... ”) is se-lected.

5) Under Duration, locatethe field that specifiesthat the display remainup until “the subjectresponds or 5000 mshas elapsed .”

Continued next page...

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Task 11 continued...

6) Change the duration to10000 ms (i.e., high-light the 5000 andenter 10000).

7) Under ResponseKey(s), set the allow-able keys to “12.” Todo this, highlight (any)in the Allowable field,and enter 12.

8) From the dropdownbox in the Correct field,scroll down and se-lect [CorrectAnswer] .

9) Click OK to accept thesettings and dismissthe Duration & Inputdialog.

10) Click Next in theStimulus Display win-dow to continue.

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Task 12: Determine the number of Subject Dismissalscreens

This step will guide you in selecting the number of dismissal screens to be presented to thesubject.

1) Set the number ofdismissal screens to be“1” (this is the default).

2) Click Next to continue.


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Task 13: Finish

This step guides you through completion of the Paradigm Wizard.

1) Click Finish .The Paradigm Wizardwill generate anexperiment shell basedon the propertiesdesignated for each ofthe displays, and willopen this experimentshell in E-Studio.

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Task 14: Examine the experiment generated by theParadigm Wizard

This step guides you through the examination of the experiment shell created in E-Studioby the Paradigm Wizard.

1) In E-Studio, examinethe Structure window ofthe experiment gener-ated by the Wizard.

2) Open the variousobjects in theWorkspace to deter-mine whether theproperties are setcorrectly.

3) The Wizard generatesthe shell of the experi-ment, which will run as-is.

The Wizard entersquestion marks (?) asplaceholders forundefined values. Tocomplete theexperiment, fill inthe instructions, thestimuli to be presented,and the goodbye text.Follow the next fewsteps to complete thePracTrialList and theTrialList.

4) Save your experimentusing the Save Ascommand in the Filemenu.

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Task 15: Fix the Instructions and Goodbye screens

You will need to finish the details on the instruction and goodbye screens

1. In the Structure Viewwithin E-Studio, doubleclick Instructions to openthis object in the workspace.Click on the Property Pagesbutton in the upper leftcorner of the TextDisplaywindow.

2. On the General tab,locate the Text field andtype: "Welcome to theexperiment.<Enter>Youwill see a priming wordfollowed by afixation.<Enter>A targetword will follow thefixation.<Enter><Enter>Your task is to determine ifthe target word was a maleor femalename.<Enter><Enter>Press the "1" key for amale name and "2" for afemalename.<Enter><Enter>PRESS THE SPACEBARTO BEGIN!"

3. Click the Duration/Inputtab. Specify the Duration ofthe display to be 10000milliseconds which is 10seconds)

4. Open up the Goodbyescreen, add some text, andchange the duration for thegoodbye screen (to be10,000 milliseconds) aswell.


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Task 16: Complete the PracTrialList

This step guides you through the completion of the PracTrialList object, which will definethe stimuli to be displayed during the practice trials.

1) In the Structure win-dow within E-Studio,double clickPracTrialList to openthis object in theworkspace.

2) Complete thePracTrialList so that itmatches the one belowright.

The PracTrialListdefines the stimuli thatwill be presentedduring the block ofpractice trials.

Note: The Nestedattribute is unused inthis experiment, so ithas been hidden. Tohide Nested, click onthe column heading,right click, and selectHide Attribute from themenu that appears.

Task 17: Complete the TrialList

Finally, we need to finish the details of the TrialList object: the content of the different conditions.Remember that we selected 8 different conditions. Here we will specify what they are. We will alsospecify the exact words that will be used as Prime and Target stimuli, and what the correct answerwill be to each trial type. Also, we will want to have more than just one trial of each type. So, wewill need to increase the total number of trials to be 20 per condition (160 total).

1. In the Structure View,double click TrialList toopen this object in theworkspace.

2. Complete the TrialListobject so that it matches theone to the right.

Remember that it willautocomplete.

3. Now we will need tochange the number of trials(or samples) to be 160. Toget 160 trials, you will wantto have 20 cycles x 8samples per cycle (insteadof 1 cycle x 8 samples).Make sure that you haveRandom selection

You can access the numberof cycles and selectionmethod from the PropertiesPages icon.

Task 18: Run

Now you should save your program, generate the script, and run the program.

1. Save, Generate andRun your experiment.

Your program will nowdisplay the stimuli enteredin the PracTrialList andTrialList Objects, and willscore the response collectedin relation to theCorrectAnswer attribute.

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