mdash265mdash

J Jpn Bot 86 265ndash272 (2011)

Coptis kitayamensis (Ranunculaceae) a New Species from Honshu Central Japan

Yuichi kadota

Department of Botany National Museum of Nature and Science4-1-1 Amakubo Tsukuba 305-0005 JAPAN

E-mail kadotakahakugojp

(Accepted on May 14 2011)

A new species of Coptis (Ranunculaceae) C kitayamensis Kadota is described from Gifu Pref central Honshu Japan Coptis kitayamensis is distinguished from C quinquefolia Miq by having ladle-shaped (not flattened) nectary blades usually ternate leaves larger flowers obovate-elliptic and clawed sepals and a thicker and purplish brown scape and from C trifoliolata (Makino) Makino by the presence of subterranean stolons white anthers and more smaller leaf teeth Coptis kitayamensis is distributed in Gifu Fukui Shiga and Kyoto Prefs (the heavily snowy regions) and has been confused with C quinquefolia and C trifoliolata Both C kitayamensis and C quinquefolia grow on forest floors in the montane and subalpine zones while C trifoliolata occurs in moist open grasslands near streams and lingering snow in the subalpine and the alpine zones

Key words Coptis kitayamensis Coptis quinquefolia Coptis trifoliolata Gifu Prefecture Japan new species Ranunculaceae

Coptis is a small genus of the family Ranunculaceae and consists of ca 17 species distributed in the Northern Hemisphere (Kadota unpublished) Within the genus the following four sections are recognized (cf Torrey and Gray 1838 Satake 1949 Tamura 1968 Hsiao 1979 Fu and Robinson 2001 Kadota 2004 2006 2011) Sect Coptis is monotypic with C trifolia (L) Salisb (a circumpolar element) Sect Chrysocoptis Torrey amp A Gray (= Sect Metacoptis (Satake) Kadota) is composed of ca 10 species distributed in East Asia (the Sino-Himalayan floristic region) and Pacific North America and shows an East Asian and North American disjunct distribution pattern Sect Japonocoptis Satake includes five species and is distributed in Japan and Taiwan (Kadota 2004 2006 2011) Sect Pterophyllum Torrey amp A

Gray is also monotypic with C aspleniifolia Salisb distributed in Pacific North America

Sect Japonocoptis is represented by the following five species C quinquefolia Miq (including var shikokumontana Kadota Honshu and Shikoku) C trifoliolata Makino (Honshu) C minamitaniana Kadota (Kyushu) C ramosa (Makino) Ohwi (Yakushima Island southern Kyushu) and C morii Hayata (Taiwan) (Kadota 2004 2006 2011)

In March 2011 Coptis plants with solitary flowers well developed stolons and ternate leaves were collected by Mr Seiji Miya in Tsuruga-shi Fukui Prefecture central Honshu Japan The plants in question apparently belong to Sect Japonocoptis In having stolons they are similar to C quinquefolia but are different from it in having ternate leaves While they resemble

266 植物研究雑誌　第 86巻　第 5号 2011年 10月

Fig 1 Type of Coptis kitayamensis Kadota (JAPAN Gifu Pref Ibi-gun Ibigawa-cho 27 April 2011 Y Kadota 1104041 TNS 1136501 holotype)

October 2011 Journal of Japanese Botany Vol 86 No 5 267

C trifoliolata Makino in having ternate leaves However they are also distinct from this species in having long subterranean stolons They are rather similar to lsquoC quinquefolia Miq var kitayamensis Okuyamarsquo in the shape of leaves and the presence of stolons The name lsquoCoptis quinquefolia Miq var kitayamensis Okuyamarsquo was described from Miyama-mura [currently Motosu-shi] Gifu Prefecture central Honshu Japan in Coloured Illustrations of Wild Plants of Japan Vol VI (Okuyama 1972) However this name was a nomen nudum without Latin descriptions and designation of type specimens Although Okuyama (1972) presented a photograph of a living plant ascribable to lsquoC quinquefolia Miq var kitayamensis Okuyamarsquo in his Coloured Illustrations no specimens of this plant are preserved in TNS Furthermore any specimens annotated as lsquoC quinquefolia var kitayamensisrsquo by Okuyama himself are not kept in TNS For this reason lsquoC quinquefolia var kitayamensisrsquo has been long ignored in the Japanese floras

In April 2011 field examinations were conducted in Gifu Prefecture central Japan under the guidance of Mr Hiroyuki Minoura It is consequently recognized that the plants represent a distinct species discriminated from C quinquefolia and C trifoliolata Here this is described as a new species Coptis kitayamensis Okuyama ex Kadota based on the collections made in this field study

Genus Coptis SalisbSect Japonocoptis Satake in J Jpn Bot 24

73 (1949)Coptis kitayamensis Kadota sp nov

[Figs 1 2]Coptis quinquefolia Miq var kitayamensis

Okuyama Col Illust Wild Pl Jap VI 35 pl 458-4 (1972)

Coptis quinquefolia auct non Miq S Watan Fl Fukui Pref 117 (1989)

Differt ab Copti quinquefoliae laminis nectariorum cochleariformibus foliis plerumque

ternatis flore magno sepalis obovato-ellipticis unguiculatis scapo crassiore saturate purpureo-brunnei ab C trifoliolatae stolonibus subterranis antheris albis dentibus foliorum plures et minoribus

Type JAPAN Gifu Pref Ibi-gun Ibigawa-cho [precise locality data concealed] 27 April 2011 fl white Y Kadota 1104041 (TNS 1136501ndashholotype Fig 1) Ibigawa-cho 27 April 2011 fl Y Kadota 1104041 (TNS 1136500 1136502ndash1136507ndashisotype)

An evergreen scapose perennial 5ndash10 cm tall up to 15 cm at fruiting time stoloniferous stolons up to 10 cm long Rhizome thick and long woody 3ndash5 mm in diameter running horizontally Scape deep purplish brown glabrous enclosed with ovate deep purplish brown crustaceous scales at base Leaves all basal ternate coriaceous and lustrous densely strigose with short curved hairs along the midribs and the lateral veins on the adaxial side glabrous on the abaxial side dentate aristate veins rising on the adaxial side terminal leaflets rhombic-obovate shallowly trilobed 1ndash55 cm long 08ndash3 cm wide lateral lobes rhombic-obovate to obliquely broadly ovate 07ndash45 cm long 08ndash35 cm wide shallowly to deeply bilobed to 5-palmatisect cuneate at base petiolules obscure petioles 1ndash8 cm long glabrous slightly vaginate at base Flowers March to June solitary 15ndash2 cm in diameter bracteate bract narrowly ovate entire to dentate ca 8 mm long Sepals 5 narrowly obovate 7ndash10 mm long 5 mm wide white rounded at apices Petals 5 spathulate 4 mm long orange-yellow long clawed nectaries ladle-shaped ca 1 mm in diameter Stamens 4ndash6 mm long anthers elliptic white ca 05 mm long filaments filiform slightly dilated in the lower half Follicles 4ndash9 ellipsoidal 7ndash8 mm long ca 3 mm wide laterally 1-veined long stalked stalks densely strigose with curved hairs beaks less than ca 1 mm long hooked seeds flat-ellipsoidal narrowly elliptic in cross section light brown 2 mm long 07 mm wide finely striate

268 植物研究雑誌　第 86巻　第 5号 2011年 10月

Fig

2

Hab

it of

Cop

tis ki

taya

men

sis K

adot

a Ib

igaw

a-ch

o Ib

i-gun

Gifu

Pre

f H

onsh

u Ja

pan

on

27 A

pril

2011

October 2011 Journal of Japanese Botany Vol 86 No 5 269

Japanese name Kitayama-ocircren (Okuyama 1972)

Distribution Central Honshu (Gifu Fukui Shiga and Kyoto Prefs chiefly on the Japan Sea side Fig 3) Japan Endemic

E tymology The spec i f i c ep i the t ldquokitayamensisrdquo is derived from the old name ldquoKitayama-mura [= village]rdquo which was located in Motosu-shi Gifu Prefecture central Honshu Japan during the late Edo Era (Okuyama 1972)

Additional specimens examined JAPAN Honshu Gifu Pref Yoshiki-gun Kamioka-cho [currently Hida-shi] Yamano-mura Fukado alt 1520 m 22 May 1986 H Nagase sn (GIFU) Yamano-mura Fukado Moor alt 1500 m 29 June 1989 fr H Nagase 89803 (GPM 8668 the lower two plants) Kamioka-cho Utsubo at the entrance of Mt Kitanomata-dake Mizunotaira alt 1550 m 5 Aug 1984 fr H Nagase sn (GPM 64453) Kawai-mura [currently Hida-shi] Amocirc Moor alt 1400 m 30 June 1997 fr N Futamura 14717 (GPM 19816) Miyagawa-mura [currently Hida-shi] Manrsquonami Gomi-tani forest road alt 1050 m 4 May 1987 H Nagase sn (GIFU) Ocircno-

gun Shirakawa-mura Iishima to Mt Sanpokuzure-yama alt 500ndash1500 m 7 June 1976 fl white G Murata 30020 (TNS 338163) lsquoHakusan Super-Rindocircrsquo 7 June 1976 fl S Mimoro amp S Tsugaru 11882 (TNS 367364) Amocirc Moor alt 1340 m 10 July 1984 fr H Nagase sn (GIFU) Amocirc Moor alt 1260 m 15 May 1987 S Andocirc sn (GPM 19818) Amocirc-tocircge Pass 8 July 1984 fr T Wakasugi 12807 (FUK 10879) Gujocirc-shi Shiratori-cho Itoshiro Mt Chocircshiga-mine alt 1250ndash1300 m 5 July 2011 fr H Minoura 577 (TNS 1028453) Gujocirc-gun [currently Gujocirc-shi] Shiratori-cho Makizaisho to Mt Chocircshiga-mine alt 1300 m 18 May 1983 H Takahashi amp H Takano 7672 (GIFU) Shiratori-cho Itoshiro Kamibato 3 June 2003 fr H Kaneko 21558 (GPM 64448) Shiratori-cho Atagi Shirao forest road 22 June 2003 fr H Kaneko 21643 (GPM 64449) Mugi-gun Itadori-mura [currently Seki-shi] Kaore-dani alt 400 m 20 April 1995 H Takahashi 16003 (GIFU) Kaore-dani alt 600 m 9 May 1995 fr H Takahashi 16045 (GIFU) Kaore-dani 26 Apr 2011 fr Y Kadota 1104021 (TNS 1136496) Itadori Chocircshi-daki Fall alt 600 m 16 May 2003 fr H Takahashi 21382 (GIFU) Chocircshi-daki Fall alt 600 m 27 May 2007 fr H Takahashi 22475 (GIFU) Sugihara Kotsuge-dani alt 500 m 25 April 2005 Y Mizuta 21562 (GPM 64457) Valley Itadori-dani 1 May 1960 K Inami sn (TNS 146565) Ibi-gun

Fig 3 Distribution of Coptis kitayamensis Kadota

JAPAN MAINLAND

50 km

CENTRAL HONSHU

270 植物研究雑誌　第 86巻　第 5号 2011年 10月

Ibigawa-cho Tsuka in the west of Kanrsquomuriyama-tocircge Pass alt 1060 m 18 Aug 2008 fr H Minoura sn (GPM 83402) Yamagata-gun Miyama-cho [currently Yamagata-shi] Nishibora alt 400ndash800 m 11 Sept 1955 ste K Inami sn (GPM 19815) Miyama-cho Mitsuo alt 390 m 8 April 2006 fl H Takahashi 22404 (GIFU) Miyama-cho Enbaru 10 April 1999 E Suga sn (GIFU) Gappa-dani alt 500 m 9 April 2008 T Hirota 9376 (GPM) Gappa-dani alt 550 m 10 June 2008 fr H Minoura 9477 (GPM 83325) Nakagoshi alt 720 m 12 April 2008 fl K Ishida sn (GIFU GPM) Kanzaki Nakagoshi Gappa-dani 35deg42prime133PrimeN 136deg42prime431PrimeE alt 513 m 26 Apr 2011 fr Y Kadota 1104031ndash1104032 (TNS 1136508ndash1136509) Enbara 35deg39prime360PrimeN 136deg45prime382PrimeE alt 246 m 26 Apr 2011 fl amp young fr Y Kaodta 1104001ndash1104003 (TNS 1136493ndash1136495) Motosu-gun Neo-mura [currently Motosu-shi] Neo Higashi-dani alt 600 m 1 June 1999 H Takahashi amp K Okuda 18816 (GIFU) Motosu-shi Kami Ocircsu Myojindocirc alt 600 m 26 April 2008 H Minoura sn (GPM) Motosu-shi Neo Kami-Ocircsu Higashi-Gocircchi-dani 35deg45prime331PrimeN 136deg46prime300PrimeE alt 555 m 27 Apr 2011 fl Y Kadota 1104011ndash1104013 (TNS 1136497ndash1136499) Ibi-gun Ibigawa-cho Sakauchi Mt Kanakuso-dake alt 1060 m 10 June 2011 fr H Minoura 569 (TNS 1028454) Ibigawa-cho Tsuka Mt Kanakusa-dake alt 1020 m 29 June 2011 fr H Minoura 574 (TNS 1028452) Fujihashi-mura [currently Ibigawa-cho] Kami Kaiden Nondo-dani alt 340 m 1 June 1992 N Futamura 8722 (GPM 19813) Tokuyama-mura [currently Ibigawa-cho] Hinokio-tocircge Pass alt 900ndash1000 m 18 May 1987 H Takahashi amp al 10718 (GIFU)

Fukui Pref Katsuyama-shi Mt Akausagi-yama 22 Oct 1972 sterile K Matsumura sn (FUK 10888) Mt Akausagi-yama 7 Aug 1980 sterile S Hayashi sn (FUK 10880) Mt Akausagi-yama alt 1500 m 8 Sept 1992 sterile T Wakasugi 36778 (FUK 10887) Mt Akausagi-yama 23 May 1997 fl T Wakasugi 12817ndash12818 (FUK 10883ndash10884) Mt Toritate-yama 8 June 1969 fr T Wakasugi 12808 (FUK 10886) Mt Daishi-yama 22 March 1990 fl K Matsumura sn (FUK 19896) Imadate-gun Ikeda-cho Mt Kanmuri-yama ndash Mt Kanakusa-dake 24 Sept 1979 sterile T Wakasugi 12804ndash12805 (FUK 10881ndash10882) Ocircno-shi Mt Heike-dake 13 May 1973 fl amp fr S Hayashi sn (FUK 10897 10885) Mt Gongen-yama Aug 1932 sterile Y Hosoi 385 (FUK 3294) Hisazawa 5 July 1998 fr Y Saito sn (FUK 10890) Takeo-shi [currently Echizen-shi] Aratani at the foot of Mt Hino-yama 20 Aug 1934 sterile Y Hosoi 433ndash434 (FUK 1682ndash1683) Mt Uba-ga-take 13 May 1973 fl T Wakasugi 12806 (FUK 10901) Nanjocirc-gun Minami-Echizen-cho Yasha-ga-ike 23 June 1968 fr S Hayashi sn (FUK 10889) Tsuruga-shi Mt Saihocirc-ga-take 28 May 1970 N Satomi sn (FUK 19919) Mt Iwagomori-yama 8 Apr 1972 y fr with petals S Hayashi sn (FUK 10917) Mt Sazae-dake 15 April 1979 fr T Wakasugi

12974 (FUK 10923) Mt Sazaega-take 10 April 1981 fl K Naruse sn (GPM) Kuroko National Forest 18 July 1976 sterile Y Saito sn (FUK 10916) Nouma alt 50 m 22 March 2011 S Miya sn (TNS 1136510ndash1136511) Mikata-gun [currently Mikata-kaminaka-gun] Mikata-cho [currently Wakasa-cho] Mt Mikata-yama 3 May 1970 sterile T Wakasugi 12810 (FUK 10915) Mt Amagoi-dake July 1932 sterile Y Hosoi 384 (FUK 3293)

Shiga Pref Takashima-shi Makino-cho Samukaze-tocircge Pass 6 May 1979 fr T Wakasugi 12793 (FUK 10920) Ugawa-goe 10 Oct 1979 sterile T Wakasugi 12796 12797 (FUK 10921ndash10922)

Kyoto Pref Kyoto-shi Sakyocirc-ku Mt Kurama-yama 2 Apr 1933 fl Z Tashiro sn (TNS 42377ndash42378) Kitakuwada-gun Chii-mura 22 May 1922 fr G Koidzumi sn (TNS 238375) Chii-mura Ashiu 17 Apr 1934 fl S Okamoto sn (TNS 45405 51953) Miyama-cho Ashiu Exper Forest of Kyoto Univ 1 Oct 1987 sterile S Masuda sn (TNS 857576ndash857577) Ayabe-shi Kanegochi-cho Higashidani Asusugi-jinja Shrine alt 105 m 3 Apr 1994 fl R Nishimura 915 (TNS 636729) Naka-gun [currently Kyocircrango-shi] Ocircmiya-cho Okunodani 29 Mar 1991 fl M Nuno sn (TNS 724618)

Herbarium abbreviation GPM (Gifu Prefectural Museum)

Note Coptis kitayamensis is distinguished from C quinquefolia by 1) the shape of nectary blades (ladle-shaped vs saucer-shaped and flattened) 2) having larger flowers (18ndash24 mm vs 12ndash15 mm in diam) 3) the shape of sepals (obovate-elliptic and stalked vs obovate and subsessile) 4) the dissection of leaves (usually ternate vs quinque-sect) and 5) the thickness and color of scape (thicker and reddish brown vs thinner and usually green) Coptis kitayamensis differs from C trifoliolata by 1) the presence of long subterranean stolons 2) white anthers and 3) more teeth on leaf margins

Coptis kitayamensis are variable in the dissection of leaf blades In the western part of the range (west of Fukui north of Shiga and east of Kyoto Prefs Fig 3) the lateral lobes are parted into two lobes and the leaf blades are ldquoquinquesectrdquo Consequently the western populations of C kitayamensis are superficially similar to C quinquefolia However in C kitayamensis both the terminal and lateral lobes are obovate-rhombic in outline acute at the apex lower halves of the lobes are tapering towards

October 2011 Journal of Japanese Botany Vol 86 No 5 271

the base and petiolules become unclear While in C quinquefolia the terminal and lateral lobes are obovate and have long petiolules

Both C kitayamensis and C quinquefolia grow on forest floors in the montane and subalpine zones (temperate to subfrigid zones) while C trifoliolata occurs in moist open grasslands near streams and lingering snow in the subalpine and the alpine zones (subfrigid to frigid zones)

I wish to show my cordial thanks to Mr Seiji Miya Kaga-shi Ishikawa Prefecture for giving specimens images information and an opportunity to study Coptis kitayamensis to Dr Kuniji Yoshida Nagoya-shi Aichi Prefecture for his information about Coptis species from Chubu District central Japan to Prof Dr Hiroshi Takahashi Gifu University Gifu Prefecture for his information about Coptis species in Gifu Prefecture to Mr Takao Wakasugi the Emeritus Director Fukui Botanical Garden Fukui Prefecture for his specimens and information about Coptis species from the Hokuriku Region central Honshu Japan to Mr Hiroyuki Minoura Ocircno-cho Gifu Prefecture for his guidance to the localities of Coptis kitayamensis and his gift of specimens and to Dr Masahiko Kubota Hiroshima-shi Hiroshima Prefecture for his survey of Coptis

plants in Hiroshima Pref

Literature CitedFu D-Z and Robinson O R 2001 Coptis In Wu Z-G

and Raven P H (eds) Flora of China 6 305ndash307 Science Press Beijing and Missouri Botanical Garden St Louis

Hsiao P-K 1979 Coptis Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae 27 592ndash598 Sceince Press Beijing (in Chinese)

Kadota Y 2004 Coptis sect Metacoptis subsect Japonocoptis (Ranunculaceae) with description of a new species and a new variety from Japan J Jpn Bot 79(5) 311ndash321

Kadota Y 2006 Coptis In Iwatsuki K Boufford D E and Ohba H (eds) Flora of Japan IIa 323ndash326 Kodansha Tokyo

Kadota Y 2011 Coptis In Kato M and Ebiahra A (eds) Endemic Plants of Japan p 51 maps 182ndash188 A Book Series from the National Museum of Nature and Science No 11 Tokai University Press Hadano (in Japanese)

Okuyama S 1972 Coptis quinquefolia Miq var kitayamensis Okuyama Coloured Illustrations of Wild Plants of Japan VI 35 pl 458-4 Seibundo Shinkosha Tokyo (in Japanese)

Satake Y 1949 A note on the Coptis of Japan J Jpn Bot 24(1ndash12) 69ndash74 (in Japanese with Latin descirption)

Tamura M 1995 Coptis In Hiepko P (ed) Engler und Prantl Die Natuumlrlichen Pflanzenfamilien 17 a IV 444ndash449 Dunker amp Humbolt Berlin

Torrey J and Gray A 1838 A Flora of North America Hafner Publishing Company New York

Watanabe S 1989 Coptis Flora of Fukui Prefecture p 117 Self-publishing (in Japanese)

門田裕一本州産オウレン属（キンポウゲ科）の 1 新種キタヤマオウレン　キンポウゲ科オウレン属の新種キタヤマオウレンCoptis kitayamensis Kadotaを記載したキタヤマオウレンは奥山春季により原色日本野外植物図譜 6補遺I（誠文堂新光社1972）にバイカオウレンの変種 C quinquefolia Miq var kitayamensis Okuyamaとして発表されたものであるこの学名は裸名であったためここでラテン語の記載を与えタイプを指定した　奥山も指摘しているようにキタヤマオウレンはストロンをもつことで明らかにバイカオウレンに近縁であるが①花弁の舷部は柄杓状になり（平坦な皿状ではな

い）②葉はより大型で葉身は普通三全裂し③頂小葉は倒卵形で基部はくさび形となって小葉柄が不明瞭であり側小葉は上半部で三裂するかあるいは中部で二浅裂〜深裂し④花は直径 (16ndash)18ndash24 mmでより大きく⑤萼片は倒卵状楕円形で長さ (8ndash)9ndash12 mm幅(2ndash)45ndash55 mmでより細長く爪（柄）が明瞭に認められ⑥花茎はより太くかつ暗赤紫色であることなどで区別される分布域の西部（福井県西部滋賀県北部京都府東部）には葉身が掌状に五全裂して一見バイカオウレンに似た個体が出現するしかし本種は頂小葉と

272 植物研究雑誌　第 86巻　第 5号 2011年 10月

側小葉は共に倒卵状菱形で先端は鈍く基部は楔形で柄が不明瞭であることでバイカオウレンと区別することができるミツバノバイカオウレン C trifoliolata Makinoはストロンを出さないことの他葯は赤紫色で葉の鋸歯は少数で粗いことそして生育環境が異なること（亜高山帯から高山帯の水湿の草原に生える）でキタヤマオウレンから明瞭に区別できる　キタヤマオウレンとその類似種との区別点は次のとおりである

A 袋果の側面には脈がない亜寒帯〜寒帯の常緑針葉樹林林下や湿原などに生える（ミツバオウレン節周北極要素） ミツバオウレン C trifolia

A 袋果の側面に 1脈がある暖温帯〜亜寒帯の林下や湿草原に生える（バイカオウレン節準日本固有要素）B 葯は白色あるいは稀に淡い赤紫色を帯びる地中

を横走するストロンがある花茎は緑色あるいは紫褐色葉の鋸歯は多数でやや細かく小葉の全体に分布する暖温帯から亜寒帯の林下に生えるC 葉は五全裂し小葉は倒卵形で小葉柄が明瞭花弁の舷部は皿状花茎は細く普通緑色

helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip バイカオウレン C quinquefoliaC 葉は三全裂し小葉は倒卵状菱形基部はくさび形で小葉柄は不明瞭側小葉は普通粗い鋸歯があるか二浅裂〜中裂する時に二深裂し掌状五全裂となる花弁の舷部は柄杓状花茎は太く暗紫褐色 hellip キタヤマオウレン C kitayamensis

B 葯は赤紫色ストロンを出さない花茎は太く暗紫褐色葉の鋸歯は少数で粗く小葉の上半部に分布する亜高山帯から高山帯の水湿地に生える helliphelliphellipミツバノバイカオウレン C trifoliolata

（国立科学博物館植物研究部）

266 植物研究雑誌　第 86巻　第 5号 2011年 10月

Fig 1 Type of Coptis kitayamensis Kadota (JAPAN Gifu Pref Ibi-gun Ibigawa-cho 27 April 2011 Y Kadota 1104041 TNS 1136501 holotype)

October 2011 Journal of Japanese Botany Vol 86 No 5 267

C trifoliolata Makino in having ternate leaves However they are also distinct from this species in having long subterranean stolons They are rather similar to lsquoC quinquefolia Miq var kitayamensis Okuyamarsquo in the shape of leaves and the presence of stolons The name lsquoCoptis quinquefolia Miq var kitayamensis Okuyamarsquo was described from Miyama-mura [currently Motosu-shi] Gifu Prefecture central Honshu Japan in Coloured Illustrations of Wild Plants of Japan Vol VI (Okuyama 1972) However this name was a nomen nudum without Latin descriptions and designation of type specimens Although Okuyama (1972) presented a photograph of a living plant ascribable to lsquoC quinquefolia Miq var kitayamensis Okuyamarsquo in his Coloured Illustrations no specimens of this plant are preserved in TNS Furthermore any specimens annotated as lsquoC quinquefolia var kitayamensisrsquo by Okuyama himself are not kept in TNS For this reason lsquoC quinquefolia var kitayamensisrsquo has been long ignored in the Japanese floras

In April 2011 field examinations were conducted in Gifu Prefecture central Japan under the guidance of Mr Hiroyuki Minoura It is consequently recognized that the plants represent a distinct species discriminated from C quinquefolia and C trifoliolata Here this is described as a new species Coptis kitayamensis Okuyama ex Kadota based on the collections made in this field study

Genus Coptis SalisbSect Japonocoptis Satake in J Jpn Bot 24

73 (1949)Coptis kitayamensis Kadota sp nov

[Figs 1 2]Coptis quinquefolia Miq var kitayamensis

Okuyama Col Illust Wild Pl Jap VI 35 pl 458-4 (1972)

Coptis quinquefolia auct non Miq S Watan Fl Fukui Pref 117 (1989)

Differt ab Copti quinquefoliae laminis nectariorum cochleariformibus foliis plerumque

ternatis flore magno sepalis obovato-ellipticis unguiculatis scapo crassiore saturate purpureo-brunnei ab C trifoliolatae stolonibus subterranis antheris albis dentibus foliorum plures et minoribus

Type JAPAN Gifu Pref Ibi-gun Ibigawa-cho [precise locality data concealed] 27 April 2011 fl white Y Kadota 1104041 (TNS 1136501ndashholotype Fig 1) Ibigawa-cho 27 April 2011 fl Y Kadota 1104041 (TNS 1136500 1136502ndash1136507ndashisotype)

An evergreen scapose perennial 5ndash10 cm tall up to 15 cm at fruiting time stoloniferous stolons up to 10 cm long Rhizome thick and long woody 3ndash5 mm in diameter running horizontally Scape deep purplish brown glabrous enclosed with ovate deep purplish brown crustaceous scales at base Leaves all basal ternate coriaceous and lustrous densely strigose with short curved hairs along the midribs and the lateral veins on the adaxial side glabrous on the abaxial side dentate aristate veins rising on the adaxial side terminal leaflets rhombic-obovate shallowly trilobed 1ndash55 cm long 08ndash3 cm wide lateral lobes rhombic-obovate to obliquely broadly ovate 07ndash45 cm long 08ndash35 cm wide shallowly to deeply bilobed to 5-palmatisect cuneate at base petiolules obscure petioles 1ndash8 cm long glabrous slightly vaginate at base Flowers March to June solitary 15ndash2 cm in diameter bracteate bract narrowly ovate entire to dentate ca 8 mm long Sepals 5 narrowly obovate 7ndash10 mm long 5 mm wide white rounded at apices Petals 5 spathulate 4 mm long orange-yellow long clawed nectaries ladle-shaped ca 1 mm in diameter Stamens 4ndash6 mm long anthers elliptic white ca 05 mm long filaments filiform slightly dilated in the lower half Follicles 4ndash9 ellipsoidal 7ndash8 mm long ca 3 mm wide laterally 1-veined long stalked stalks densely strigose with curved hairs beaks less than ca 1 mm long hooked seeds flat-ellipsoidal narrowly elliptic in cross section light brown 2 mm long 07 mm wide finely striate

268 植物研究雑誌　第 86巻　第 5号 2011年 10月

Fig

2

Hab

it of

Cop

tis ki

taya

men

sis K

adot

a Ib

igaw

a-ch

o Ib

i-gun

Gifu

Pre

f H

onsh

u Ja

pan

on

27 A

pril

2011

October 2011 Journal of Japanese Botany Vol 86 No 5 269

Japanese name Kitayama-ocircren (Okuyama 1972)

Distribution Central Honshu (Gifu Fukui Shiga and Kyoto Prefs chiefly on the Japan Sea side Fig 3) Japan Endemic

E tymology The spec i f i c ep i the t ldquokitayamensisrdquo is derived from the old name ldquoKitayama-mura [= village]rdquo which was located in Motosu-shi Gifu Prefecture central Honshu Japan during the late Edo Era (Okuyama 1972)

Additional specimens examined JAPAN Honshu Gifu Pref Yoshiki-gun Kamioka-cho [currently Hida-shi] Yamano-mura Fukado alt 1520 m 22 May 1986 H Nagase sn (GIFU) Yamano-mura Fukado Moor alt 1500 m 29 June 1989 fr H Nagase 89803 (GPM 8668 the lower two plants) Kamioka-cho Utsubo at the entrance of Mt Kitanomata-dake Mizunotaira alt 1550 m 5 Aug 1984 fr H Nagase sn (GPM 64453) Kawai-mura [currently Hida-shi] Amocirc Moor alt 1400 m 30 June 1997 fr N Futamura 14717 (GPM 19816) Miyagawa-mura [currently Hida-shi] Manrsquonami Gomi-tani forest road alt 1050 m 4 May 1987 H Nagase sn (GIFU) Ocircno-

gun Shirakawa-mura Iishima to Mt Sanpokuzure-yama alt 500ndash1500 m 7 June 1976 fl white G Murata 30020 (TNS 338163) lsquoHakusan Super-Rindocircrsquo 7 June 1976 fl S Mimoro amp S Tsugaru 11882 (TNS 367364) Amocirc Moor alt 1340 m 10 July 1984 fr H Nagase sn (GIFU) Amocirc Moor alt 1260 m 15 May 1987 S Andocirc sn (GPM 19818) Amocirc-tocircge Pass 8 July 1984 fr T Wakasugi 12807 (FUK 10879) Gujocirc-shi Shiratori-cho Itoshiro Mt Chocircshiga-mine alt 1250ndash1300 m 5 July 2011 fr H Minoura 577 (TNS 1028453) Gujocirc-gun [currently Gujocirc-shi] Shiratori-cho Makizaisho to Mt Chocircshiga-mine alt 1300 m 18 May 1983 H Takahashi amp H Takano 7672 (GIFU) Shiratori-cho Itoshiro Kamibato 3 June 2003 fr H Kaneko 21558 (GPM 64448) Shiratori-cho Atagi Shirao forest road 22 June 2003 fr H Kaneko 21643 (GPM 64449) Mugi-gun Itadori-mura [currently Seki-shi] Kaore-dani alt 400 m 20 April 1995 H Takahashi 16003 (GIFU) Kaore-dani alt 600 m 9 May 1995 fr H Takahashi 16045 (GIFU) Kaore-dani 26 Apr 2011 fr Y Kadota 1104021 (TNS 1136496) Itadori Chocircshi-daki Fall alt 600 m 16 May 2003 fr H Takahashi 21382 (GIFU) Chocircshi-daki Fall alt 600 m 27 May 2007 fr H Takahashi 22475 (GIFU) Sugihara Kotsuge-dani alt 500 m 25 April 2005 Y Mizuta 21562 (GPM 64457) Valley Itadori-dani 1 May 1960 K Inami sn (TNS 146565) Ibi-gun

Fig 3 Distribution of Coptis kitayamensis Kadota

JAPAN MAINLAND

50 km

CENTRAL HONSHU

270 植物研究雑誌　第 86巻　第 5号 2011年 10月

Ibigawa-cho Tsuka in the west of Kanrsquomuriyama-tocircge Pass alt 1060 m 18 Aug 2008 fr H Minoura sn (GPM 83402) Yamagata-gun Miyama-cho [currently Yamagata-shi] Nishibora alt 400ndash800 m 11 Sept 1955 ste K Inami sn (GPM 19815) Miyama-cho Mitsuo alt 390 m 8 April 2006 fl H Takahashi 22404 (GIFU) Miyama-cho Enbaru 10 April 1999 E Suga sn (GIFU) Gappa-dani alt 500 m 9 April 2008 T Hirota 9376 (GPM) Gappa-dani alt 550 m 10 June 2008 fr H Minoura 9477 (GPM 83325) Nakagoshi alt 720 m 12 April 2008 fl K Ishida sn (GIFU GPM) Kanzaki Nakagoshi Gappa-dani 35deg42prime133PrimeN 136deg42prime431PrimeE alt 513 m 26 Apr 2011 fr Y Kadota 1104031ndash1104032 (TNS 1136508ndash1136509) Enbara 35deg39prime360PrimeN 136deg45prime382PrimeE alt 246 m 26 Apr 2011 fl amp young fr Y Kaodta 1104001ndash1104003 (TNS 1136493ndash1136495) Motosu-gun Neo-mura [currently Motosu-shi] Neo Higashi-dani alt 600 m 1 June 1999 H Takahashi amp K Okuda 18816 (GIFU) Motosu-shi Kami Ocircsu Myojindocirc alt 600 m 26 April 2008 H Minoura sn (GPM) Motosu-shi Neo Kami-Ocircsu Higashi-Gocircchi-dani 35deg45prime331PrimeN 136deg46prime300PrimeE alt 555 m 27 Apr 2011 fl Y Kadota 1104011ndash1104013 (TNS 1136497ndash1136499) Ibi-gun Ibigawa-cho Sakauchi Mt Kanakuso-dake alt 1060 m 10 June 2011 fr H Minoura 569 (TNS 1028454) Ibigawa-cho Tsuka Mt Kanakusa-dake alt 1020 m 29 June 2011 fr H Minoura 574 (TNS 1028452) Fujihashi-mura [currently Ibigawa-cho] Kami Kaiden Nondo-dani alt 340 m 1 June 1992 N Futamura 8722 (GPM 19813) Tokuyama-mura [currently Ibigawa-cho] Hinokio-tocircge Pass alt 900ndash1000 m 18 May 1987 H Takahashi amp al 10718 (GIFU)

Fukui Pref Katsuyama-shi Mt Akausagi-yama 22 Oct 1972 sterile K Matsumura sn (FUK 10888) Mt Akausagi-yama 7 Aug 1980 sterile S Hayashi sn (FUK 10880) Mt Akausagi-yama alt 1500 m 8 Sept 1992 sterile T Wakasugi 36778 (FUK 10887) Mt Akausagi-yama 23 May 1997 fl T Wakasugi 12817ndash12818 (FUK 10883ndash10884) Mt Toritate-yama 8 June 1969 fr T Wakasugi 12808 (FUK 10886) Mt Daishi-yama 22 March 1990 fl K Matsumura sn (FUK 19896) Imadate-gun Ikeda-cho Mt Kanmuri-yama ndash Mt Kanakusa-dake 24 Sept 1979 sterile T Wakasugi 12804ndash12805 (FUK 10881ndash10882) Ocircno-shi Mt Heike-dake 13 May 1973 fl amp fr S Hayashi sn (FUK 10897 10885) Mt Gongen-yama Aug 1932 sterile Y Hosoi 385 (FUK 3294) Hisazawa 5 July 1998 fr Y Saito sn (FUK 10890) Takeo-shi [currently Echizen-shi] Aratani at the foot of Mt Hino-yama 20 Aug 1934 sterile Y Hosoi 433ndash434 (FUK 1682ndash1683) Mt Uba-ga-take 13 May 1973 fl T Wakasugi 12806 (FUK 10901) Nanjocirc-gun Minami-Echizen-cho Yasha-ga-ike 23 June 1968 fr S Hayashi sn (FUK 10889) Tsuruga-shi Mt Saihocirc-ga-take 28 May 1970 N Satomi sn (FUK 19919) Mt Iwagomori-yama 8 Apr 1972 y fr with petals S Hayashi sn (FUK 10917) Mt Sazae-dake 15 April 1979 fr T Wakasugi

12974 (FUK 10923) Mt Sazaega-take 10 April 1981 fl K Naruse sn (GPM) Kuroko National Forest 18 July 1976 sterile Y Saito sn (FUK 10916) Nouma alt 50 m 22 March 2011 S Miya sn (TNS 1136510ndash1136511) Mikata-gun [currently Mikata-kaminaka-gun] Mikata-cho [currently Wakasa-cho] Mt Mikata-yama 3 May 1970 sterile T Wakasugi 12810 (FUK 10915) Mt Amagoi-dake July 1932 sterile Y Hosoi 384 (FUK 3293)

Shiga Pref Takashima-shi Makino-cho Samukaze-tocircge Pass 6 May 1979 fr T Wakasugi 12793 (FUK 10920) Ugawa-goe 10 Oct 1979 sterile T Wakasugi 12796 12797 (FUK 10921ndash10922)

Kyoto Pref Kyoto-shi Sakyocirc-ku Mt Kurama-yama 2 Apr 1933 fl Z Tashiro sn (TNS 42377ndash42378) Kitakuwada-gun Chii-mura 22 May 1922 fr G Koidzumi sn (TNS 238375) Chii-mura Ashiu 17 Apr 1934 fl S Okamoto sn (TNS 45405 51953) Miyama-cho Ashiu Exper Forest of Kyoto Univ 1 Oct 1987 sterile S Masuda sn (TNS 857576ndash857577) Ayabe-shi Kanegochi-cho Higashidani Asusugi-jinja Shrine alt 105 m 3 Apr 1994 fl R Nishimura 915 (TNS 636729) Naka-gun [currently Kyocircrango-shi] Ocircmiya-cho Okunodani 29 Mar 1991 fl M Nuno sn (TNS 724618)

Herbarium abbreviation GPM (Gifu Prefectural Museum)

Note Coptis kitayamensis is distinguished from C quinquefolia by 1) the shape of nectary blades (ladle-shaped vs saucer-shaped and flattened) 2) having larger flowers (18ndash24 mm vs 12ndash15 mm in diam) 3) the shape of sepals (obovate-elliptic and stalked vs obovate and subsessile) 4) the dissection of leaves (usually ternate vs quinque-sect) and 5) the thickness and color of scape (thicker and reddish brown vs thinner and usually green) Coptis kitayamensis differs from C trifoliolata by 1) the presence of long subterranean stolons 2) white anthers and 3) more teeth on leaf margins

Coptis kitayamensis are variable in the dissection of leaf blades In the western part of the range (west of Fukui north of Shiga and east of Kyoto Prefs Fig 3) the lateral lobes are parted into two lobes and the leaf blades are ldquoquinquesectrdquo Consequently the western populations of C kitayamensis are superficially similar to C quinquefolia However in C kitayamensis both the terminal and lateral lobes are obovate-rhombic in outline acute at the apex lower halves of the lobes are tapering towards

October 2011 Journal of Japanese Botany Vol 86 No 5 271

the base and petiolules become unclear While in C quinquefolia the terminal and lateral lobes are obovate and have long petiolules

Both C kitayamensis and C quinquefolia grow on forest floors in the montane and subalpine zones (temperate to subfrigid zones) while C trifoliolata occurs in moist open grasslands near streams and lingering snow in the subalpine and the alpine zones (subfrigid to frigid zones)

I wish to show my cordial thanks to Mr Seiji Miya Kaga-shi Ishikawa Prefecture for giving specimens images information and an opportunity to study Coptis kitayamensis to Dr Kuniji Yoshida Nagoya-shi Aichi Prefecture for his information about Coptis species from Chubu District central Japan to Prof Dr Hiroshi Takahashi Gifu University Gifu Prefecture for his information about Coptis species in Gifu Prefecture to Mr Takao Wakasugi the Emeritus Director Fukui Botanical Garden Fukui Prefecture for his specimens and information about Coptis species from the Hokuriku Region central Honshu Japan to Mr Hiroyuki Minoura Ocircno-cho Gifu Prefecture for his guidance to the localities of Coptis kitayamensis and his gift of specimens and to Dr Masahiko Kubota Hiroshima-shi Hiroshima Prefecture for his survey of Coptis

plants in Hiroshima Pref

Literature CitedFu D-Z and Robinson O R 2001 Coptis In Wu Z-G

and Raven P H (eds) Flora of China 6 305ndash307 Science Press Beijing and Missouri Botanical Garden St Louis

Hsiao P-K 1979 Coptis Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae 27 592ndash598 Sceince Press Beijing (in Chinese)

Kadota Y 2004 Coptis sect Metacoptis subsect Japonocoptis (Ranunculaceae) with description of a new species and a new variety from Japan J Jpn Bot 79(5) 311ndash321

Kadota Y 2006 Coptis In Iwatsuki K Boufford D E and Ohba H (eds) Flora of Japan IIa 323ndash326 Kodansha Tokyo

Kadota Y 2011 Coptis In Kato M and Ebiahra A (eds) Endemic Plants of Japan p 51 maps 182ndash188 A Book Series from the National Museum of Nature and Science No 11 Tokai University Press Hadano (in Japanese)

Okuyama S 1972 Coptis quinquefolia Miq var kitayamensis Okuyama Coloured Illustrations of Wild Plants of Japan VI 35 pl 458-4 Seibundo Shinkosha Tokyo (in Japanese)

Satake Y 1949 A note on the Coptis of Japan J Jpn Bot 24(1ndash12) 69ndash74 (in Japanese with Latin descirption)

Tamura M 1995 Coptis In Hiepko P (ed) Engler und Prantl Die Natuumlrlichen Pflanzenfamilien 17 a IV 444ndash449 Dunker amp Humbolt Berlin

Torrey J and Gray A 1838 A Flora of North America Hafner Publishing Company New York

Watanabe S 1989 Coptis Flora of Fukui Prefecture p 117 Self-publishing (in Japanese)

門田裕一本州産オウレン属（キンポウゲ科）の 1 新種キタヤマオウレン　キンポウゲ科オウレン属の新種キタヤマオウレンCoptis kitayamensis Kadotaを記載したキタヤマオウレンは奥山春季により原色日本野外植物図譜 6補遺I（誠文堂新光社1972）にバイカオウレンの変種 C quinquefolia Miq var kitayamensis Okuyamaとして発表されたものであるこの学名は裸名であったためここでラテン語の記載を与えタイプを指定した　奥山も指摘しているようにキタヤマオウレンはストロンをもつことで明らかにバイカオウレンに近縁であるが①花弁の舷部は柄杓状になり（平坦な皿状ではな

い）②葉はより大型で葉身は普通三全裂し③頂小葉は倒卵形で基部はくさび形となって小葉柄が不明瞭であり側小葉は上半部で三裂するかあるいは中部で二浅裂〜深裂し④花は直径 (16ndash)18ndash24 mmでより大きく⑤萼片は倒卵状楕円形で長さ (8ndash)9ndash12 mm幅(2ndash)45ndash55 mmでより細長く爪（柄）が明瞭に認められ⑥花茎はより太くかつ暗赤紫色であることなどで区別される分布域の西部（福井県西部滋賀県北部京都府東部）には葉身が掌状に五全裂して一見バイカオウレンに似た個体が出現するしかし本種は頂小葉と

272 植物研究雑誌　第 86巻　第 5号 2011年 10月

側小葉は共に倒卵状菱形で先端は鈍く基部は楔形で柄が不明瞭であることでバイカオウレンと区別することができるミツバノバイカオウレン C trifoliolata Makinoはストロンを出さないことの他葯は赤紫色で葉の鋸歯は少数で粗いことそして生育環境が異なること（亜高山帯から高山帯の水湿の草原に生える）でキタヤマオウレンから明瞭に区別できる　キタヤマオウレンとその類似種との区別点は次のとおりである

A 袋果の側面には脈がない亜寒帯〜寒帯の常緑針葉樹林林下や湿原などに生える（ミツバオウレン節周北極要素） ミツバオウレン C trifolia

A 袋果の側面に 1脈がある暖温帯〜亜寒帯の林下や湿草原に生える（バイカオウレン節準日本固有要素）B 葯は白色あるいは稀に淡い赤紫色を帯びる地中

を横走するストロンがある花茎は緑色あるいは紫褐色葉の鋸歯は多数でやや細かく小葉の全体に分布する暖温帯から亜寒帯の林下に生えるC 葉は五全裂し小葉は倒卵形で小葉柄が明瞭花弁の舷部は皿状花茎は細く普通緑色

helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip バイカオウレン C quinquefoliaC 葉は三全裂し小葉は倒卵状菱形基部はくさび形で小葉柄は不明瞭側小葉は普通粗い鋸歯があるか二浅裂〜中裂する時に二深裂し掌状五全裂となる花弁の舷部は柄杓状花茎は太く暗紫褐色 hellip キタヤマオウレン C kitayamensis

B 葯は赤紫色ストロンを出さない花茎は太く暗紫褐色葉の鋸歯は少数で粗く小葉の上半部に分布する亜高山帯から高山帯の水湿地に生える helliphelliphellipミツバノバイカオウレン C trifoliolata

（国立科学博物館植物研究部）

October 2011 Journal of Japanese Botany Vol 86 No 5 267

C trifoliolata Makino in having ternate leaves However they are also distinct from this species in having long subterranean stolons They are rather similar to lsquoC quinquefolia Miq var kitayamensis Okuyamarsquo in the shape of leaves and the presence of stolons The name lsquoCoptis quinquefolia Miq var kitayamensis Okuyamarsquo was described from Miyama-mura [currently Motosu-shi] Gifu Prefecture central Honshu Japan in Coloured Illustrations of Wild Plants of Japan Vol VI (Okuyama 1972) However this name was a nomen nudum without Latin descriptions and designation of type specimens Although Okuyama (1972) presented a photograph of a living plant ascribable to lsquoC quinquefolia Miq var kitayamensis Okuyamarsquo in his Coloured Illustrations no specimens of this plant are preserved in TNS Furthermore any specimens annotated as lsquoC quinquefolia var kitayamensisrsquo by Okuyama himself are not kept in TNS For this reason lsquoC quinquefolia var kitayamensisrsquo has been long ignored in the Japanese floras

In April 2011 field examinations were conducted in Gifu Prefecture central Japan under the guidance of Mr Hiroyuki Minoura It is consequently recognized that the plants represent a distinct species discriminated from C quinquefolia and C trifoliolata Here this is described as a new species Coptis kitayamensis Okuyama ex Kadota based on the collections made in this field study

Genus Coptis SalisbSect Japonocoptis Satake in J Jpn Bot 24

73 (1949)Coptis kitayamensis Kadota sp nov

[Figs 1 2]Coptis quinquefolia Miq var kitayamensis

Okuyama Col Illust Wild Pl Jap VI 35 pl 458-4 (1972)

Coptis quinquefolia auct non Miq S Watan Fl Fukui Pref 117 (1989)

Differt ab Copti quinquefoliae laminis nectariorum cochleariformibus foliis plerumque

ternatis flore magno sepalis obovato-ellipticis unguiculatis scapo crassiore saturate purpureo-brunnei ab C trifoliolatae stolonibus subterranis antheris albis dentibus foliorum plures et minoribus

Type JAPAN Gifu Pref Ibi-gun Ibigawa-cho [precise locality data concealed] 27 April 2011 fl white Y Kadota 1104041 (TNS 1136501ndashholotype Fig 1) Ibigawa-cho 27 April 2011 fl Y Kadota 1104041 (TNS 1136500 1136502ndash1136507ndashisotype)

An evergreen scapose perennial 5ndash10 cm tall up to 15 cm at fruiting time stoloniferous stolons up to 10 cm long Rhizome thick and long woody 3ndash5 mm in diameter running horizontally Scape deep purplish brown glabrous enclosed with ovate deep purplish brown crustaceous scales at base Leaves all basal ternate coriaceous and lustrous densely strigose with short curved hairs along the midribs and the lateral veins on the adaxial side glabrous on the abaxial side dentate aristate veins rising on the adaxial side terminal leaflets rhombic-obovate shallowly trilobed 1ndash55 cm long 08ndash3 cm wide lateral lobes rhombic-obovate to obliquely broadly ovate 07ndash45 cm long 08ndash35 cm wide shallowly to deeply bilobed to 5-palmatisect cuneate at base petiolules obscure petioles 1ndash8 cm long glabrous slightly vaginate at base Flowers March to June solitary 15ndash2 cm in diameter bracteate bract narrowly ovate entire to dentate ca 8 mm long Sepals 5 narrowly obovate 7ndash10 mm long 5 mm wide white rounded at apices Petals 5 spathulate 4 mm long orange-yellow long clawed nectaries ladle-shaped ca 1 mm in diameter Stamens 4ndash6 mm long anthers elliptic white ca 05 mm long filaments filiform slightly dilated in the lower half Follicles 4ndash9 ellipsoidal 7ndash8 mm long ca 3 mm wide laterally 1-veined long stalked stalks densely strigose with curved hairs beaks less than ca 1 mm long hooked seeds flat-ellipsoidal narrowly elliptic in cross section light brown 2 mm long 07 mm wide finely striate

268 植物研究雑誌　第 86巻　第 5号 2011年 10月

Fig

2

Hab

it of

Cop

tis ki

taya

men

sis K

adot

a Ib

igaw

a-ch

o Ib

i-gun

Gifu

Pre

f H

onsh

u Ja

pan

on

27 A

pril

2011

October 2011 Journal of Japanese Botany Vol 86 No 5 269

Japanese name Kitayama-ocircren (Okuyama 1972)

Distribution Central Honshu (Gifu Fukui Shiga and Kyoto Prefs chiefly on the Japan Sea side Fig 3) Japan Endemic

E tymology The spec i f i c ep i the t ldquokitayamensisrdquo is derived from the old name ldquoKitayama-mura [= village]rdquo which was located in Motosu-shi Gifu Prefecture central Honshu Japan during the late Edo Era (Okuyama 1972)

Additional specimens examined JAPAN Honshu Gifu Pref Yoshiki-gun Kamioka-cho [currently Hida-shi] Yamano-mura Fukado alt 1520 m 22 May 1986 H Nagase sn (GIFU) Yamano-mura Fukado Moor alt 1500 m 29 June 1989 fr H Nagase 89803 (GPM 8668 the lower two plants) Kamioka-cho Utsubo at the entrance of Mt Kitanomata-dake Mizunotaira alt 1550 m 5 Aug 1984 fr H Nagase sn (GPM 64453) Kawai-mura [currently Hida-shi] Amocirc Moor alt 1400 m 30 June 1997 fr N Futamura 14717 (GPM 19816) Miyagawa-mura [currently Hida-shi] Manrsquonami Gomi-tani forest road alt 1050 m 4 May 1987 H Nagase sn (GIFU) Ocircno-

gun Shirakawa-mura Iishima to Mt Sanpokuzure-yama alt 500ndash1500 m 7 June 1976 fl white G Murata 30020 (TNS 338163) lsquoHakusan Super-Rindocircrsquo 7 June 1976 fl S Mimoro amp S Tsugaru 11882 (TNS 367364) Amocirc Moor alt 1340 m 10 July 1984 fr H Nagase sn (GIFU) Amocirc Moor alt 1260 m 15 May 1987 S Andocirc sn (GPM 19818) Amocirc-tocircge Pass 8 July 1984 fr T Wakasugi 12807 (FUK 10879) Gujocirc-shi Shiratori-cho Itoshiro Mt Chocircshiga-mine alt 1250ndash1300 m 5 July 2011 fr H Minoura 577 (TNS 1028453) Gujocirc-gun [currently Gujocirc-shi] Shiratori-cho Makizaisho to Mt Chocircshiga-mine alt 1300 m 18 May 1983 H Takahashi amp H Takano 7672 (GIFU) Shiratori-cho Itoshiro Kamibato 3 June 2003 fr H Kaneko 21558 (GPM 64448) Shiratori-cho Atagi Shirao forest road 22 June 2003 fr H Kaneko 21643 (GPM 64449) Mugi-gun Itadori-mura [currently Seki-shi] Kaore-dani alt 400 m 20 April 1995 H Takahashi 16003 (GIFU) Kaore-dani alt 600 m 9 May 1995 fr H Takahashi 16045 (GIFU) Kaore-dani 26 Apr 2011 fr Y Kadota 1104021 (TNS 1136496) Itadori Chocircshi-daki Fall alt 600 m 16 May 2003 fr H Takahashi 21382 (GIFU) Chocircshi-daki Fall alt 600 m 27 May 2007 fr H Takahashi 22475 (GIFU) Sugihara Kotsuge-dani alt 500 m 25 April 2005 Y Mizuta 21562 (GPM 64457) Valley Itadori-dani 1 May 1960 K Inami sn (TNS 146565) Ibi-gun

Fig 3 Distribution of Coptis kitayamensis Kadota

JAPAN MAINLAND

50 km

CENTRAL HONSHU

270 植物研究雑誌　第 86巻　第 5号 2011年 10月

Ibigawa-cho Tsuka in the west of Kanrsquomuriyama-tocircge Pass alt 1060 m 18 Aug 2008 fr H Minoura sn (GPM 83402) Yamagata-gun Miyama-cho [currently Yamagata-shi] Nishibora alt 400ndash800 m 11 Sept 1955 ste K Inami sn (GPM 19815) Miyama-cho Mitsuo alt 390 m 8 April 2006 fl H Takahashi 22404 (GIFU) Miyama-cho Enbaru 10 April 1999 E Suga sn (GIFU) Gappa-dani alt 500 m 9 April 2008 T Hirota 9376 (GPM) Gappa-dani alt 550 m 10 June 2008 fr H Minoura 9477 (GPM 83325) Nakagoshi alt 720 m 12 April 2008 fl K Ishida sn (GIFU GPM) Kanzaki Nakagoshi Gappa-dani 35deg42prime133PrimeN 136deg42prime431PrimeE alt 513 m 26 Apr 2011 fr Y Kadota 1104031ndash1104032 (TNS 1136508ndash1136509) Enbara 35deg39prime360PrimeN 136deg45prime382PrimeE alt 246 m 26 Apr 2011 fl amp young fr Y Kaodta 1104001ndash1104003 (TNS 1136493ndash1136495) Motosu-gun Neo-mura [currently Motosu-shi] Neo Higashi-dani alt 600 m 1 June 1999 H Takahashi amp K Okuda 18816 (GIFU) Motosu-shi Kami Ocircsu Myojindocirc alt 600 m 26 April 2008 H Minoura sn (GPM) Motosu-shi Neo Kami-Ocircsu Higashi-Gocircchi-dani 35deg45prime331PrimeN 136deg46prime300PrimeE alt 555 m 27 Apr 2011 fl Y Kadota 1104011ndash1104013 (TNS 1136497ndash1136499) Ibi-gun Ibigawa-cho Sakauchi Mt Kanakuso-dake alt 1060 m 10 June 2011 fr H Minoura 569 (TNS 1028454) Ibigawa-cho Tsuka Mt Kanakusa-dake alt 1020 m 29 June 2011 fr H Minoura 574 (TNS 1028452) Fujihashi-mura [currently Ibigawa-cho] Kami Kaiden Nondo-dani alt 340 m 1 June 1992 N Futamura 8722 (GPM 19813) Tokuyama-mura [currently Ibigawa-cho] Hinokio-tocircge Pass alt 900ndash1000 m 18 May 1987 H Takahashi amp al 10718 (GIFU)

Fukui Pref Katsuyama-shi Mt Akausagi-yama 22 Oct 1972 sterile K Matsumura sn (FUK 10888) Mt Akausagi-yama 7 Aug 1980 sterile S Hayashi sn (FUK 10880) Mt Akausagi-yama alt 1500 m 8 Sept 1992 sterile T Wakasugi 36778 (FUK 10887) Mt Akausagi-yama 23 May 1997 fl T Wakasugi 12817ndash12818 (FUK 10883ndash10884) Mt Toritate-yama 8 June 1969 fr T Wakasugi 12808 (FUK 10886) Mt Daishi-yama 22 March 1990 fl K Matsumura sn (FUK 19896) Imadate-gun Ikeda-cho Mt Kanmuri-yama ndash Mt Kanakusa-dake 24 Sept 1979 sterile T Wakasugi 12804ndash12805 (FUK 10881ndash10882) Ocircno-shi Mt Heike-dake 13 May 1973 fl amp fr S Hayashi sn (FUK 10897 10885) Mt Gongen-yama Aug 1932 sterile Y Hosoi 385 (FUK 3294) Hisazawa 5 July 1998 fr Y Saito sn (FUK 10890) Takeo-shi [currently Echizen-shi] Aratani at the foot of Mt Hino-yama 20 Aug 1934 sterile Y Hosoi 433ndash434 (FUK 1682ndash1683) Mt Uba-ga-take 13 May 1973 fl T Wakasugi 12806 (FUK 10901) Nanjocirc-gun Minami-Echizen-cho Yasha-ga-ike 23 June 1968 fr S Hayashi sn (FUK 10889) Tsuruga-shi Mt Saihocirc-ga-take 28 May 1970 N Satomi sn (FUK 19919) Mt Iwagomori-yama 8 Apr 1972 y fr with petals S Hayashi sn (FUK 10917) Mt Sazae-dake 15 April 1979 fr T Wakasugi

12974 (FUK 10923) Mt Sazaega-take 10 April 1981 fl K Naruse sn (GPM) Kuroko National Forest 18 July 1976 sterile Y Saito sn (FUK 10916) Nouma alt 50 m 22 March 2011 S Miya sn (TNS 1136510ndash1136511) Mikata-gun [currently Mikata-kaminaka-gun] Mikata-cho [currently Wakasa-cho] Mt Mikata-yama 3 May 1970 sterile T Wakasugi 12810 (FUK 10915) Mt Amagoi-dake July 1932 sterile Y Hosoi 384 (FUK 3293)

Shiga Pref Takashima-shi Makino-cho Samukaze-tocircge Pass 6 May 1979 fr T Wakasugi 12793 (FUK 10920) Ugawa-goe 10 Oct 1979 sterile T Wakasugi 12796 12797 (FUK 10921ndash10922)

Kyoto Pref Kyoto-shi Sakyocirc-ku Mt Kurama-yama 2 Apr 1933 fl Z Tashiro sn (TNS 42377ndash42378) Kitakuwada-gun Chii-mura 22 May 1922 fr G Koidzumi sn (TNS 238375) Chii-mura Ashiu 17 Apr 1934 fl S Okamoto sn (TNS 45405 51953) Miyama-cho Ashiu Exper Forest of Kyoto Univ 1 Oct 1987 sterile S Masuda sn (TNS 857576ndash857577) Ayabe-shi Kanegochi-cho Higashidani Asusugi-jinja Shrine alt 105 m 3 Apr 1994 fl R Nishimura 915 (TNS 636729) Naka-gun [currently Kyocircrango-shi] Ocircmiya-cho Okunodani 29 Mar 1991 fl M Nuno sn (TNS 724618)

Herbarium abbreviation GPM (Gifu Prefectural Museum)

Note Coptis kitayamensis is distinguished from C quinquefolia by 1) the shape of nectary blades (ladle-shaped vs saucer-shaped and flattened) 2) having larger flowers (18ndash24 mm vs 12ndash15 mm in diam) 3) the shape of sepals (obovate-elliptic and stalked vs obovate and subsessile) 4) the dissection of leaves (usually ternate vs quinque-sect) and 5) the thickness and color of scape (thicker and reddish brown vs thinner and usually green) Coptis kitayamensis differs from C trifoliolata by 1) the presence of long subterranean stolons 2) white anthers and 3) more teeth on leaf margins

Coptis kitayamensis are variable in the dissection of leaf blades In the western part of the range (west of Fukui north of Shiga and east of Kyoto Prefs Fig 3) the lateral lobes are parted into two lobes and the leaf blades are ldquoquinquesectrdquo Consequently the western populations of C kitayamensis are superficially similar to C quinquefolia However in C kitayamensis both the terminal and lateral lobes are obovate-rhombic in outline acute at the apex lower halves of the lobes are tapering towards

October 2011 Journal of Japanese Botany Vol 86 No 5 271

the base and petiolules become unclear While in C quinquefolia the terminal and lateral lobes are obovate and have long petiolules

Both C kitayamensis and C quinquefolia grow on forest floors in the montane and subalpine zones (temperate to subfrigid zones) while C trifoliolata occurs in moist open grasslands near streams and lingering snow in the subalpine and the alpine zones (subfrigid to frigid zones)

I wish to show my cordial thanks to Mr Seiji Miya Kaga-shi Ishikawa Prefecture for giving specimens images information and an opportunity to study Coptis kitayamensis to Dr Kuniji Yoshida Nagoya-shi Aichi Prefecture for his information about Coptis species from Chubu District central Japan to Prof Dr Hiroshi Takahashi Gifu University Gifu Prefecture for his information about Coptis species in Gifu Prefecture to Mr Takao Wakasugi the Emeritus Director Fukui Botanical Garden Fukui Prefecture for his specimens and information about Coptis species from the Hokuriku Region central Honshu Japan to Mr Hiroyuki Minoura Ocircno-cho Gifu Prefecture for his guidance to the localities of Coptis kitayamensis and his gift of specimens and to Dr Masahiko Kubota Hiroshima-shi Hiroshima Prefecture for his survey of Coptis

plants in Hiroshima Pref

Literature CitedFu D-Z and Robinson O R 2001 Coptis In Wu Z-G

and Raven P H (eds) Flora of China 6 305ndash307 Science Press Beijing and Missouri Botanical Garden St Louis

Hsiao P-K 1979 Coptis Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae 27 592ndash598 Sceince Press Beijing (in Chinese)

Kadota Y 2004 Coptis sect Metacoptis subsect Japonocoptis (Ranunculaceae) with description of a new species and a new variety from Japan J Jpn Bot 79(5) 311ndash321

Kadota Y 2006 Coptis In Iwatsuki K Boufford D E and Ohba H (eds) Flora of Japan IIa 323ndash326 Kodansha Tokyo

Kadota Y 2011 Coptis In Kato M and Ebiahra A (eds) Endemic Plants of Japan p 51 maps 182ndash188 A Book Series from the National Museum of Nature and Science No 11 Tokai University Press Hadano (in Japanese)

Okuyama S 1972 Coptis quinquefolia Miq var kitayamensis Okuyama Coloured Illustrations of Wild Plants of Japan VI 35 pl 458-4 Seibundo Shinkosha Tokyo (in Japanese)

Satake Y 1949 A note on the Coptis of Japan J Jpn Bot 24(1ndash12) 69ndash74 (in Japanese with Latin descirption)

Tamura M 1995 Coptis In Hiepko P (ed) Engler und Prantl Die Natuumlrlichen Pflanzenfamilien 17 a IV 444ndash449 Dunker amp Humbolt Berlin

Torrey J and Gray A 1838 A Flora of North America Hafner Publishing Company New York

Watanabe S 1989 Coptis Flora of Fukui Prefecture p 117 Self-publishing (in Japanese)

門田裕一本州産オウレン属（キンポウゲ科）の 1 新種キタヤマオウレン　キンポウゲ科オウレン属の新種キタヤマオウレンCoptis kitayamensis Kadotaを記載したキタヤマオウレンは奥山春季により原色日本野外植物図譜 6補遺I（誠文堂新光社1972）にバイカオウレンの変種 C quinquefolia Miq var kitayamensis Okuyamaとして発表されたものであるこの学名は裸名であったためここでラテン語の記載を与えタイプを指定した　奥山も指摘しているようにキタヤマオウレンはストロンをもつことで明らかにバイカオウレンに近縁であるが①花弁の舷部は柄杓状になり（平坦な皿状ではな

い）②葉はより大型で葉身は普通三全裂し③頂小葉は倒卵形で基部はくさび形となって小葉柄が不明瞭であり側小葉は上半部で三裂するかあるいは中部で二浅裂〜深裂し④花は直径 (16ndash)18ndash24 mmでより大きく⑤萼片は倒卵状楕円形で長さ (8ndash)9ndash12 mm幅(2ndash)45ndash55 mmでより細長く爪（柄）が明瞭に認められ⑥花茎はより太くかつ暗赤紫色であることなどで区別される分布域の西部（福井県西部滋賀県北部京都府東部）には葉身が掌状に五全裂して一見バイカオウレンに似た個体が出現するしかし本種は頂小葉と

272 植物研究雑誌　第 86巻　第 5号 2011年 10月

側小葉は共に倒卵状菱形で先端は鈍く基部は楔形で柄が不明瞭であることでバイカオウレンと区別することができるミツバノバイカオウレン C trifoliolata Makinoはストロンを出さないことの他葯は赤紫色で葉の鋸歯は少数で粗いことそして生育環境が異なること（亜高山帯から高山帯の水湿の草原に生える）でキタヤマオウレンから明瞭に区別できる　キタヤマオウレンとその類似種との区別点は次のとおりである

A 袋果の側面には脈がない亜寒帯〜寒帯の常緑針葉樹林林下や湿原などに生える（ミツバオウレン節周北極要素） ミツバオウレン C trifolia

A 袋果の側面に 1脈がある暖温帯〜亜寒帯の林下や湿草原に生える（バイカオウレン節準日本固有要素）B 葯は白色あるいは稀に淡い赤紫色を帯びる地中

を横走するストロンがある花茎は緑色あるいは紫褐色葉の鋸歯は多数でやや細かく小葉の全体に分布する暖温帯から亜寒帯の林下に生えるC 葉は五全裂し小葉は倒卵形で小葉柄が明瞭花弁の舷部は皿状花茎は細く普通緑色

helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip バイカオウレン C quinquefoliaC 葉は三全裂し小葉は倒卵状菱形基部はくさび形で小葉柄は不明瞭側小葉は普通粗い鋸歯があるか二浅裂〜中裂する時に二深裂し掌状五全裂となる花弁の舷部は柄杓状花茎は太く暗紫褐色 hellip キタヤマオウレン C kitayamensis

B 葯は赤紫色ストロンを出さない花茎は太く暗紫褐色葉の鋸歯は少数で粗く小葉の上半部に分布する亜高山帯から高山帯の水湿地に生える helliphelliphellipミツバノバイカオウレン C trifoliolata

（国立科学博物館植物研究部）

268 植物研究雑誌　第 86巻　第 5号 2011年 10月

Fig

2

Hab

it of

Cop

tis ki

taya

men

sis K

adot

a Ib

igaw

a-ch

o Ib

i-gun

Gifu

Pre

f H

onsh

u Ja

pan

on

27 A

pril

2011

October 2011 Journal of Japanese Botany Vol 86 No 5 269

Japanese name Kitayama-ocircren (Okuyama 1972)

Distribution Central Honshu (Gifu Fukui Shiga and Kyoto Prefs chiefly on the Japan Sea side Fig 3) Japan Endemic

E tymology The spec i f i c ep i the t ldquokitayamensisrdquo is derived from the old name ldquoKitayama-mura [= village]rdquo which was located in Motosu-shi Gifu Prefecture central Honshu Japan during the late Edo Era (Okuyama 1972)

Additional specimens examined JAPAN Honshu Gifu Pref Yoshiki-gun Kamioka-cho [currently Hida-shi] Yamano-mura Fukado alt 1520 m 22 May 1986 H Nagase sn (GIFU) Yamano-mura Fukado Moor alt 1500 m 29 June 1989 fr H Nagase 89803 (GPM 8668 the lower two plants) Kamioka-cho Utsubo at the entrance of Mt Kitanomata-dake Mizunotaira alt 1550 m 5 Aug 1984 fr H Nagase sn (GPM 64453) Kawai-mura [currently Hida-shi] Amocirc Moor alt 1400 m 30 June 1997 fr N Futamura 14717 (GPM 19816) Miyagawa-mura [currently Hida-shi] Manrsquonami Gomi-tani forest road alt 1050 m 4 May 1987 H Nagase sn (GIFU) Ocircno-

gun Shirakawa-mura Iishima to Mt Sanpokuzure-yama alt 500ndash1500 m 7 June 1976 fl white G Murata 30020 (TNS 338163) lsquoHakusan Super-Rindocircrsquo 7 June 1976 fl S Mimoro amp S Tsugaru 11882 (TNS 367364) Amocirc Moor alt 1340 m 10 July 1984 fr H Nagase sn (GIFU) Amocirc Moor alt 1260 m 15 May 1987 S Andocirc sn (GPM 19818) Amocirc-tocircge Pass 8 July 1984 fr T Wakasugi 12807 (FUK 10879) Gujocirc-shi Shiratori-cho Itoshiro Mt Chocircshiga-mine alt 1250ndash1300 m 5 July 2011 fr H Minoura 577 (TNS 1028453) Gujocirc-gun [currently Gujocirc-shi] Shiratori-cho Makizaisho to Mt Chocircshiga-mine alt 1300 m 18 May 1983 H Takahashi amp H Takano 7672 (GIFU) Shiratori-cho Itoshiro Kamibato 3 June 2003 fr H Kaneko 21558 (GPM 64448) Shiratori-cho Atagi Shirao forest road 22 June 2003 fr H Kaneko 21643 (GPM 64449) Mugi-gun Itadori-mura [currently Seki-shi] Kaore-dani alt 400 m 20 April 1995 H Takahashi 16003 (GIFU) Kaore-dani alt 600 m 9 May 1995 fr H Takahashi 16045 (GIFU) Kaore-dani 26 Apr 2011 fr Y Kadota 1104021 (TNS 1136496) Itadori Chocircshi-daki Fall alt 600 m 16 May 2003 fr H Takahashi 21382 (GIFU) Chocircshi-daki Fall alt 600 m 27 May 2007 fr H Takahashi 22475 (GIFU) Sugihara Kotsuge-dani alt 500 m 25 April 2005 Y Mizuta 21562 (GPM 64457) Valley Itadori-dani 1 May 1960 K Inami sn (TNS 146565) Ibi-gun

Fig 3 Distribution of Coptis kitayamensis Kadota

JAPAN MAINLAND

50 km

CENTRAL HONSHU

270 植物研究雑誌　第 86巻　第 5号 2011年 10月

Ibigawa-cho Tsuka in the west of Kanrsquomuriyama-tocircge Pass alt 1060 m 18 Aug 2008 fr H Minoura sn (GPM 83402) Yamagata-gun Miyama-cho [currently Yamagata-shi] Nishibora alt 400ndash800 m 11 Sept 1955 ste K Inami sn (GPM 19815) Miyama-cho Mitsuo alt 390 m 8 April 2006 fl H Takahashi 22404 (GIFU) Miyama-cho Enbaru 10 April 1999 E Suga sn (GIFU) Gappa-dani alt 500 m 9 April 2008 T Hirota 9376 (GPM) Gappa-dani alt 550 m 10 June 2008 fr H Minoura 9477 (GPM 83325) Nakagoshi alt 720 m 12 April 2008 fl K Ishida sn (GIFU GPM) Kanzaki Nakagoshi Gappa-dani 35deg42prime133PrimeN 136deg42prime431PrimeE alt 513 m 26 Apr 2011 fr Y Kadota 1104031ndash1104032 (TNS 1136508ndash1136509) Enbara 35deg39prime360PrimeN 136deg45prime382PrimeE alt 246 m 26 Apr 2011 fl amp young fr Y Kaodta 1104001ndash1104003 (TNS 1136493ndash1136495) Motosu-gun Neo-mura [currently Motosu-shi] Neo Higashi-dani alt 600 m 1 June 1999 H Takahashi amp K Okuda 18816 (GIFU) Motosu-shi Kami Ocircsu Myojindocirc alt 600 m 26 April 2008 H Minoura sn (GPM) Motosu-shi Neo Kami-Ocircsu Higashi-Gocircchi-dani 35deg45prime331PrimeN 136deg46prime300PrimeE alt 555 m 27 Apr 2011 fl Y Kadota 1104011ndash1104013 (TNS 1136497ndash1136499) Ibi-gun Ibigawa-cho Sakauchi Mt Kanakuso-dake alt 1060 m 10 June 2011 fr H Minoura 569 (TNS 1028454) Ibigawa-cho Tsuka Mt Kanakusa-dake alt 1020 m 29 June 2011 fr H Minoura 574 (TNS 1028452) Fujihashi-mura [currently Ibigawa-cho] Kami Kaiden Nondo-dani alt 340 m 1 June 1992 N Futamura 8722 (GPM 19813) Tokuyama-mura [currently Ibigawa-cho] Hinokio-tocircge Pass alt 900ndash1000 m 18 May 1987 H Takahashi amp al 10718 (GIFU)

Fukui Pref Katsuyama-shi Mt Akausagi-yama 22 Oct 1972 sterile K Matsumura sn (FUK 10888) Mt Akausagi-yama 7 Aug 1980 sterile S Hayashi sn (FUK 10880) Mt Akausagi-yama alt 1500 m 8 Sept 1992 sterile T Wakasugi 36778 (FUK 10887) Mt Akausagi-yama 23 May 1997 fl T Wakasugi 12817ndash12818 (FUK 10883ndash10884) Mt Toritate-yama 8 June 1969 fr T Wakasugi 12808 (FUK 10886) Mt Daishi-yama 22 March 1990 fl K Matsumura sn (FUK 19896) Imadate-gun Ikeda-cho Mt Kanmuri-yama ndash Mt Kanakusa-dake 24 Sept 1979 sterile T Wakasugi 12804ndash12805 (FUK 10881ndash10882) Ocircno-shi Mt Heike-dake 13 May 1973 fl amp fr S Hayashi sn (FUK 10897 10885) Mt Gongen-yama Aug 1932 sterile Y Hosoi 385 (FUK 3294) Hisazawa 5 July 1998 fr Y Saito sn (FUK 10890) Takeo-shi [currently Echizen-shi] Aratani at the foot of Mt Hino-yama 20 Aug 1934 sterile Y Hosoi 433ndash434 (FUK 1682ndash1683) Mt Uba-ga-take 13 May 1973 fl T Wakasugi 12806 (FUK 10901) Nanjocirc-gun Minami-Echizen-cho Yasha-ga-ike 23 June 1968 fr S Hayashi sn (FUK 10889) Tsuruga-shi Mt Saihocirc-ga-take 28 May 1970 N Satomi sn (FUK 19919) Mt Iwagomori-yama 8 Apr 1972 y fr with petals S Hayashi sn (FUK 10917) Mt Sazae-dake 15 April 1979 fr T Wakasugi

12974 (FUK 10923) Mt Sazaega-take 10 April 1981 fl K Naruse sn (GPM) Kuroko National Forest 18 July 1976 sterile Y Saito sn (FUK 10916) Nouma alt 50 m 22 March 2011 S Miya sn (TNS 1136510ndash1136511) Mikata-gun [currently Mikata-kaminaka-gun] Mikata-cho [currently Wakasa-cho] Mt Mikata-yama 3 May 1970 sterile T Wakasugi 12810 (FUK 10915) Mt Amagoi-dake July 1932 sterile Y Hosoi 384 (FUK 3293)

Shiga Pref Takashima-shi Makino-cho Samukaze-tocircge Pass 6 May 1979 fr T Wakasugi 12793 (FUK 10920) Ugawa-goe 10 Oct 1979 sterile T Wakasugi 12796 12797 (FUK 10921ndash10922)

Kyoto Pref Kyoto-shi Sakyocirc-ku Mt Kurama-yama 2 Apr 1933 fl Z Tashiro sn (TNS 42377ndash42378) Kitakuwada-gun Chii-mura 22 May 1922 fr G Koidzumi sn (TNS 238375) Chii-mura Ashiu 17 Apr 1934 fl S Okamoto sn (TNS 45405 51953) Miyama-cho Ashiu Exper Forest of Kyoto Univ 1 Oct 1987 sterile S Masuda sn (TNS 857576ndash857577) Ayabe-shi Kanegochi-cho Higashidani Asusugi-jinja Shrine alt 105 m 3 Apr 1994 fl R Nishimura 915 (TNS 636729) Naka-gun [currently Kyocircrango-shi] Ocircmiya-cho Okunodani 29 Mar 1991 fl M Nuno sn (TNS 724618)

Herbarium abbreviation GPM (Gifu Prefectural Museum)

Note Coptis kitayamensis is distinguished from C quinquefolia by 1) the shape of nectary blades (ladle-shaped vs saucer-shaped and flattened) 2) having larger flowers (18ndash24 mm vs 12ndash15 mm in diam) 3) the shape of sepals (obovate-elliptic and stalked vs obovate and subsessile) 4) the dissection of leaves (usually ternate vs quinque-sect) and 5) the thickness and color of scape (thicker and reddish brown vs thinner and usually green) Coptis kitayamensis differs from C trifoliolata by 1) the presence of long subterranean stolons 2) white anthers and 3) more teeth on leaf margins

Coptis kitayamensis are variable in the dissection of leaf blades In the western part of the range (west of Fukui north of Shiga and east of Kyoto Prefs Fig 3) the lateral lobes are parted into two lobes and the leaf blades are ldquoquinquesectrdquo Consequently the western populations of C kitayamensis are superficially similar to C quinquefolia However in C kitayamensis both the terminal and lateral lobes are obovate-rhombic in outline acute at the apex lower halves of the lobes are tapering towards

October 2011 Journal of Japanese Botany Vol 86 No 5 271

the base and petiolules become unclear While in C quinquefolia the terminal and lateral lobes are obovate and have long petiolules

Both C kitayamensis and C quinquefolia grow on forest floors in the montane and subalpine zones (temperate to subfrigid zones) while C trifoliolata occurs in moist open grasslands near streams and lingering snow in the subalpine and the alpine zones (subfrigid to frigid zones)

I wish to show my cordial thanks to Mr Seiji Miya Kaga-shi Ishikawa Prefecture for giving specimens images information and an opportunity to study Coptis kitayamensis to Dr Kuniji Yoshida Nagoya-shi Aichi Prefecture for his information about Coptis species from Chubu District central Japan to Prof Dr Hiroshi Takahashi Gifu University Gifu Prefecture for his information about Coptis species in Gifu Prefecture to Mr Takao Wakasugi the Emeritus Director Fukui Botanical Garden Fukui Prefecture for his specimens and information about Coptis species from the Hokuriku Region central Honshu Japan to Mr Hiroyuki Minoura Ocircno-cho Gifu Prefecture for his guidance to the localities of Coptis kitayamensis and his gift of specimens and to Dr Masahiko Kubota Hiroshima-shi Hiroshima Prefecture for his survey of Coptis

plants in Hiroshima Pref

Literature CitedFu D-Z and Robinson O R 2001 Coptis In Wu Z-G

and Raven P H (eds) Flora of China 6 305ndash307 Science Press Beijing and Missouri Botanical Garden St Louis

Hsiao P-K 1979 Coptis Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae 27 592ndash598 Sceince Press Beijing (in Chinese)

Kadota Y 2004 Coptis sect Metacoptis subsect Japonocoptis (Ranunculaceae) with description of a new species and a new variety from Japan J Jpn Bot 79(5) 311ndash321

Kadota Y 2006 Coptis In Iwatsuki K Boufford D E and Ohba H (eds) Flora of Japan IIa 323ndash326 Kodansha Tokyo

Kadota Y 2011 Coptis In Kato M and Ebiahra A (eds) Endemic Plants of Japan p 51 maps 182ndash188 A Book Series from the National Museum of Nature and Science No 11 Tokai University Press Hadano (in Japanese)

Okuyama S 1972 Coptis quinquefolia Miq var kitayamensis Okuyama Coloured Illustrations of Wild Plants of Japan VI 35 pl 458-4 Seibundo Shinkosha Tokyo (in Japanese)

Satake Y 1949 A note on the Coptis of Japan J Jpn Bot 24(1ndash12) 69ndash74 (in Japanese with Latin descirption)

Tamura M 1995 Coptis In Hiepko P (ed) Engler und Prantl Die Natuumlrlichen Pflanzenfamilien 17 a IV 444ndash449 Dunker amp Humbolt Berlin

Torrey J and Gray A 1838 A Flora of North America Hafner Publishing Company New York

Watanabe S 1989 Coptis Flora of Fukui Prefecture p 117 Self-publishing (in Japanese)

門田裕一本州産オウレン属（キンポウゲ科）の 1 新種キタヤマオウレン　キンポウゲ科オウレン属の新種キタヤマオウレンCoptis kitayamensis Kadotaを記載したキタヤマオウレンは奥山春季により原色日本野外植物図譜 6補遺I（誠文堂新光社1972）にバイカオウレンの変種 C quinquefolia Miq var kitayamensis Okuyamaとして発表されたものであるこの学名は裸名であったためここでラテン語の記載を与えタイプを指定した　奥山も指摘しているようにキタヤマオウレンはストロンをもつことで明らかにバイカオウレンに近縁であるが①花弁の舷部は柄杓状になり（平坦な皿状ではな

い）②葉はより大型で葉身は普通三全裂し③頂小葉は倒卵形で基部はくさび形となって小葉柄が不明瞭であり側小葉は上半部で三裂するかあるいは中部で二浅裂〜深裂し④花は直径 (16ndash)18ndash24 mmでより大きく⑤萼片は倒卵状楕円形で長さ (8ndash)9ndash12 mm幅(2ndash)45ndash55 mmでより細長く爪（柄）が明瞭に認められ⑥花茎はより太くかつ暗赤紫色であることなどで区別される分布域の西部（福井県西部滋賀県北部京都府東部）には葉身が掌状に五全裂して一見バイカオウレンに似た個体が出現するしかし本種は頂小葉と

272 植物研究雑誌　第 86巻　第 5号 2011年 10月

側小葉は共に倒卵状菱形で先端は鈍く基部は楔形で柄が不明瞭であることでバイカオウレンと区別することができるミツバノバイカオウレン C trifoliolata Makinoはストロンを出さないことの他葯は赤紫色で葉の鋸歯は少数で粗いことそして生育環境が異なること（亜高山帯から高山帯の水湿の草原に生える）でキタヤマオウレンから明瞭に区別できる　キタヤマオウレンとその類似種との区別点は次のとおりである

A 袋果の側面には脈がない亜寒帯〜寒帯の常緑針葉樹林林下や湿原などに生える（ミツバオウレン節周北極要素） ミツバオウレン C trifolia

A 袋果の側面に 1脈がある暖温帯〜亜寒帯の林下や湿草原に生える（バイカオウレン節準日本固有要素）B 葯は白色あるいは稀に淡い赤紫色を帯びる地中

を横走するストロンがある花茎は緑色あるいは紫褐色葉の鋸歯は多数でやや細かく小葉の全体に分布する暖温帯から亜寒帯の林下に生えるC 葉は五全裂し小葉は倒卵形で小葉柄が明瞭花弁の舷部は皿状花茎は細く普通緑色

helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip バイカオウレン C quinquefoliaC 葉は三全裂し小葉は倒卵状菱形基部はくさび形で小葉柄は不明瞭側小葉は普通粗い鋸歯があるか二浅裂〜中裂する時に二深裂し掌状五全裂となる花弁の舷部は柄杓状花茎は太く暗紫褐色 hellip キタヤマオウレン C kitayamensis

B 葯は赤紫色ストロンを出さない花茎は太く暗紫褐色葉の鋸歯は少数で粗く小葉の上半部に分布する亜高山帯から高山帯の水湿地に生える helliphelliphellipミツバノバイカオウレン C trifoliolata

（国立科学博物館植物研究部）

October 2011 Journal of Japanese Botany Vol 86 No 5 269

Japanese name Kitayama-ocircren (Okuyama 1972)

Distribution Central Honshu (Gifu Fukui Shiga and Kyoto Prefs chiefly on the Japan Sea side Fig 3) Japan Endemic

E tymology The spec i f i c ep i the t ldquokitayamensisrdquo is derived from the old name ldquoKitayama-mura [= village]rdquo which was located in Motosu-shi Gifu Prefecture central Honshu Japan during the late Edo Era (Okuyama 1972)

Additional specimens examined JAPAN Honshu Gifu Pref Yoshiki-gun Kamioka-cho [currently Hida-shi] Yamano-mura Fukado alt 1520 m 22 May 1986 H Nagase sn (GIFU) Yamano-mura Fukado Moor alt 1500 m 29 June 1989 fr H Nagase 89803 (GPM 8668 the lower two plants) Kamioka-cho Utsubo at the entrance of Mt Kitanomata-dake Mizunotaira alt 1550 m 5 Aug 1984 fr H Nagase sn (GPM 64453) Kawai-mura [currently Hida-shi] Amocirc Moor alt 1400 m 30 June 1997 fr N Futamura 14717 (GPM 19816) Miyagawa-mura [currently Hida-shi] Manrsquonami Gomi-tani forest road alt 1050 m 4 May 1987 H Nagase sn (GIFU) Ocircno-

gun Shirakawa-mura Iishima to Mt Sanpokuzure-yama alt 500ndash1500 m 7 June 1976 fl white G Murata 30020 (TNS 338163) lsquoHakusan Super-Rindocircrsquo 7 June 1976 fl S Mimoro amp S Tsugaru 11882 (TNS 367364) Amocirc Moor alt 1340 m 10 July 1984 fr H Nagase sn (GIFU) Amocirc Moor alt 1260 m 15 May 1987 S Andocirc sn (GPM 19818) Amocirc-tocircge Pass 8 July 1984 fr T Wakasugi 12807 (FUK 10879) Gujocirc-shi Shiratori-cho Itoshiro Mt Chocircshiga-mine alt 1250ndash1300 m 5 July 2011 fr H Minoura 577 (TNS 1028453) Gujocirc-gun [currently Gujocirc-shi] Shiratori-cho Makizaisho to Mt Chocircshiga-mine alt 1300 m 18 May 1983 H Takahashi amp H Takano 7672 (GIFU) Shiratori-cho Itoshiro Kamibato 3 June 2003 fr H Kaneko 21558 (GPM 64448) Shiratori-cho Atagi Shirao forest road 22 June 2003 fr H Kaneko 21643 (GPM 64449) Mugi-gun Itadori-mura [currently Seki-shi] Kaore-dani alt 400 m 20 April 1995 H Takahashi 16003 (GIFU) Kaore-dani alt 600 m 9 May 1995 fr H Takahashi 16045 (GIFU) Kaore-dani 26 Apr 2011 fr Y Kadota 1104021 (TNS 1136496) Itadori Chocircshi-daki Fall alt 600 m 16 May 2003 fr H Takahashi 21382 (GIFU) Chocircshi-daki Fall alt 600 m 27 May 2007 fr H Takahashi 22475 (GIFU) Sugihara Kotsuge-dani alt 500 m 25 April 2005 Y Mizuta 21562 (GPM 64457) Valley Itadori-dani 1 May 1960 K Inami sn (TNS 146565) Ibi-gun

Fig 3 Distribution of Coptis kitayamensis Kadota

JAPAN MAINLAND

50 km

CENTRAL HONSHU

270 植物研究雑誌　第 86巻　第 5号 2011年 10月

Ibigawa-cho Tsuka in the west of Kanrsquomuriyama-tocircge Pass alt 1060 m 18 Aug 2008 fr H Minoura sn (GPM 83402) Yamagata-gun Miyama-cho [currently Yamagata-shi] Nishibora alt 400ndash800 m 11 Sept 1955 ste K Inami sn (GPM 19815) Miyama-cho Mitsuo alt 390 m 8 April 2006 fl H Takahashi 22404 (GIFU) Miyama-cho Enbaru 10 April 1999 E Suga sn (GIFU) Gappa-dani alt 500 m 9 April 2008 T Hirota 9376 (GPM) Gappa-dani alt 550 m 10 June 2008 fr H Minoura 9477 (GPM 83325) Nakagoshi alt 720 m 12 April 2008 fl K Ishida sn (GIFU GPM) Kanzaki Nakagoshi Gappa-dani 35deg42prime133PrimeN 136deg42prime431PrimeE alt 513 m 26 Apr 2011 fr Y Kadota 1104031ndash1104032 (TNS 1136508ndash1136509) Enbara 35deg39prime360PrimeN 136deg45prime382PrimeE alt 246 m 26 Apr 2011 fl amp young fr Y Kaodta 1104001ndash1104003 (TNS 1136493ndash1136495) Motosu-gun Neo-mura [currently Motosu-shi] Neo Higashi-dani alt 600 m 1 June 1999 H Takahashi amp K Okuda 18816 (GIFU) Motosu-shi Kami Ocircsu Myojindocirc alt 600 m 26 April 2008 H Minoura sn (GPM) Motosu-shi Neo Kami-Ocircsu Higashi-Gocircchi-dani 35deg45prime331PrimeN 136deg46prime300PrimeE alt 555 m 27 Apr 2011 fl Y Kadota 1104011ndash1104013 (TNS 1136497ndash1136499) Ibi-gun Ibigawa-cho Sakauchi Mt Kanakuso-dake alt 1060 m 10 June 2011 fr H Minoura 569 (TNS 1028454) Ibigawa-cho Tsuka Mt Kanakusa-dake alt 1020 m 29 June 2011 fr H Minoura 574 (TNS 1028452) Fujihashi-mura [currently Ibigawa-cho] Kami Kaiden Nondo-dani alt 340 m 1 June 1992 N Futamura 8722 (GPM 19813) Tokuyama-mura [currently Ibigawa-cho] Hinokio-tocircge Pass alt 900ndash1000 m 18 May 1987 H Takahashi amp al 10718 (GIFU)

Fukui Pref Katsuyama-shi Mt Akausagi-yama 22 Oct 1972 sterile K Matsumura sn (FUK 10888) Mt Akausagi-yama 7 Aug 1980 sterile S Hayashi sn (FUK 10880) Mt Akausagi-yama alt 1500 m 8 Sept 1992 sterile T Wakasugi 36778 (FUK 10887) Mt Akausagi-yama 23 May 1997 fl T Wakasugi 12817ndash12818 (FUK 10883ndash10884) Mt Toritate-yama 8 June 1969 fr T Wakasugi 12808 (FUK 10886) Mt Daishi-yama 22 March 1990 fl K Matsumura sn (FUK 19896) Imadate-gun Ikeda-cho Mt Kanmuri-yama ndash Mt Kanakusa-dake 24 Sept 1979 sterile T Wakasugi 12804ndash12805 (FUK 10881ndash10882) Ocircno-shi Mt Heike-dake 13 May 1973 fl amp fr S Hayashi sn (FUK 10897 10885) Mt Gongen-yama Aug 1932 sterile Y Hosoi 385 (FUK 3294) Hisazawa 5 July 1998 fr Y Saito sn (FUK 10890) Takeo-shi [currently Echizen-shi] Aratani at the foot of Mt Hino-yama 20 Aug 1934 sterile Y Hosoi 433ndash434 (FUK 1682ndash1683) Mt Uba-ga-take 13 May 1973 fl T Wakasugi 12806 (FUK 10901) Nanjocirc-gun Minami-Echizen-cho Yasha-ga-ike 23 June 1968 fr S Hayashi sn (FUK 10889) Tsuruga-shi Mt Saihocirc-ga-take 28 May 1970 N Satomi sn (FUK 19919) Mt Iwagomori-yama 8 Apr 1972 y fr with petals S Hayashi sn (FUK 10917) Mt Sazae-dake 15 April 1979 fr T Wakasugi

12974 (FUK 10923) Mt Sazaega-take 10 April 1981 fl K Naruse sn (GPM) Kuroko National Forest 18 July 1976 sterile Y Saito sn (FUK 10916) Nouma alt 50 m 22 March 2011 S Miya sn (TNS 1136510ndash1136511) Mikata-gun [currently Mikata-kaminaka-gun] Mikata-cho [currently Wakasa-cho] Mt Mikata-yama 3 May 1970 sterile T Wakasugi 12810 (FUK 10915) Mt Amagoi-dake July 1932 sterile Y Hosoi 384 (FUK 3293)

Shiga Pref Takashima-shi Makino-cho Samukaze-tocircge Pass 6 May 1979 fr T Wakasugi 12793 (FUK 10920) Ugawa-goe 10 Oct 1979 sterile T Wakasugi 12796 12797 (FUK 10921ndash10922)

Kyoto Pref Kyoto-shi Sakyocirc-ku Mt Kurama-yama 2 Apr 1933 fl Z Tashiro sn (TNS 42377ndash42378) Kitakuwada-gun Chii-mura 22 May 1922 fr G Koidzumi sn (TNS 238375) Chii-mura Ashiu 17 Apr 1934 fl S Okamoto sn (TNS 45405 51953) Miyama-cho Ashiu Exper Forest of Kyoto Univ 1 Oct 1987 sterile S Masuda sn (TNS 857576ndash857577) Ayabe-shi Kanegochi-cho Higashidani Asusugi-jinja Shrine alt 105 m 3 Apr 1994 fl R Nishimura 915 (TNS 636729) Naka-gun [currently Kyocircrango-shi] Ocircmiya-cho Okunodani 29 Mar 1991 fl M Nuno sn (TNS 724618)

Herbarium abbreviation GPM (Gifu Prefectural Museum)

Note Coptis kitayamensis is distinguished from C quinquefolia by 1) the shape of nectary blades (ladle-shaped vs saucer-shaped and flattened) 2) having larger flowers (18ndash24 mm vs 12ndash15 mm in diam) 3) the shape of sepals (obovate-elliptic and stalked vs obovate and subsessile) 4) the dissection of leaves (usually ternate vs quinque-sect) and 5) the thickness and color of scape (thicker and reddish brown vs thinner and usually green) Coptis kitayamensis differs from C trifoliolata by 1) the presence of long subterranean stolons 2) white anthers and 3) more teeth on leaf margins

Coptis kitayamensis are variable in the dissection of leaf blades In the western part of the range (west of Fukui north of Shiga and east of Kyoto Prefs Fig 3) the lateral lobes are parted into two lobes and the leaf blades are ldquoquinquesectrdquo Consequently the western populations of C kitayamensis are superficially similar to C quinquefolia However in C kitayamensis both the terminal and lateral lobes are obovate-rhombic in outline acute at the apex lower halves of the lobes are tapering towards

October 2011 Journal of Japanese Botany Vol 86 No 5 271

the base and petiolules become unclear While in C quinquefolia the terminal and lateral lobes are obovate and have long petiolules

Both C kitayamensis and C quinquefolia grow on forest floors in the montane and subalpine zones (temperate to subfrigid zones) while C trifoliolata occurs in moist open grasslands near streams and lingering snow in the subalpine and the alpine zones (subfrigid to frigid zones)

I wish to show my cordial thanks to Mr Seiji Miya Kaga-shi Ishikawa Prefecture for giving specimens images information and an opportunity to study Coptis kitayamensis to Dr Kuniji Yoshida Nagoya-shi Aichi Prefecture for his information about Coptis species from Chubu District central Japan to Prof Dr Hiroshi Takahashi Gifu University Gifu Prefecture for his information about Coptis species in Gifu Prefecture to Mr Takao Wakasugi the Emeritus Director Fukui Botanical Garden Fukui Prefecture for his specimens and information about Coptis species from the Hokuriku Region central Honshu Japan to Mr Hiroyuki Minoura Ocircno-cho Gifu Prefecture for his guidance to the localities of Coptis kitayamensis and his gift of specimens and to Dr Masahiko Kubota Hiroshima-shi Hiroshima Prefecture for his survey of Coptis

plants in Hiroshima Pref

Literature CitedFu D-Z and Robinson O R 2001 Coptis In Wu Z-G

and Raven P H (eds) Flora of China 6 305ndash307 Science Press Beijing and Missouri Botanical Garden St Louis

Hsiao P-K 1979 Coptis Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae 27 592ndash598 Sceince Press Beijing (in Chinese)

Kadota Y 2004 Coptis sect Metacoptis subsect Japonocoptis (Ranunculaceae) with description of a new species and a new variety from Japan J Jpn Bot 79(5) 311ndash321

Kadota Y 2006 Coptis In Iwatsuki K Boufford D E and Ohba H (eds) Flora of Japan IIa 323ndash326 Kodansha Tokyo

Kadota Y 2011 Coptis In Kato M and Ebiahra A (eds) Endemic Plants of Japan p 51 maps 182ndash188 A Book Series from the National Museum of Nature and Science No 11 Tokai University Press Hadano (in Japanese)

Okuyama S 1972 Coptis quinquefolia Miq var kitayamensis Okuyama Coloured Illustrations of Wild Plants of Japan VI 35 pl 458-4 Seibundo Shinkosha Tokyo (in Japanese)

Satake Y 1949 A note on the Coptis of Japan J Jpn Bot 24(1ndash12) 69ndash74 (in Japanese with Latin descirption)

Tamura M 1995 Coptis In Hiepko P (ed) Engler und Prantl Die Natuumlrlichen Pflanzenfamilien 17 a IV 444ndash449 Dunker amp Humbolt Berlin

Torrey J and Gray A 1838 A Flora of North America Hafner Publishing Company New York

Watanabe S 1989 Coptis Flora of Fukui Prefecture p 117 Self-publishing (in Japanese)

門田裕一本州産オウレン属（キンポウゲ科）の 1 新種キタヤマオウレン　キンポウゲ科オウレン属の新種キタヤマオウレンCoptis kitayamensis Kadotaを記載したキタヤマオウレンは奥山春季により原色日本野外植物図譜 6補遺I（誠文堂新光社1972）にバイカオウレンの変種 C quinquefolia Miq var kitayamensis Okuyamaとして発表されたものであるこの学名は裸名であったためここでラテン語の記載を与えタイプを指定した　奥山も指摘しているようにキタヤマオウレンはストロンをもつことで明らかにバイカオウレンに近縁であるが①花弁の舷部は柄杓状になり（平坦な皿状ではな

い）②葉はより大型で葉身は普通三全裂し③頂小葉は倒卵形で基部はくさび形となって小葉柄が不明瞭であり側小葉は上半部で三裂するかあるいは中部で二浅裂〜深裂し④花は直径 (16ndash)18ndash24 mmでより大きく⑤萼片は倒卵状楕円形で長さ (8ndash)9ndash12 mm幅(2ndash)45ndash55 mmでより細長く爪（柄）が明瞭に認められ⑥花茎はより太くかつ暗赤紫色であることなどで区別される分布域の西部（福井県西部滋賀県北部京都府東部）には葉身が掌状に五全裂して一見バイカオウレンに似た個体が出現するしかし本種は頂小葉と

272 植物研究雑誌　第 86巻　第 5号 2011年 10月

側小葉は共に倒卵状菱形で先端は鈍く基部は楔形で柄が不明瞭であることでバイカオウレンと区別することができるミツバノバイカオウレン C trifoliolata Makinoはストロンを出さないことの他葯は赤紫色で葉の鋸歯は少数で粗いことそして生育環境が異なること（亜高山帯から高山帯の水湿の草原に生える）でキタヤマオウレンから明瞭に区別できる　キタヤマオウレンとその類似種との区別点は次のとおりである

A 袋果の側面には脈がない亜寒帯〜寒帯の常緑針葉樹林林下や湿原などに生える（ミツバオウレン節周北極要素） ミツバオウレン C trifolia

A 袋果の側面に 1脈がある暖温帯〜亜寒帯の林下や湿草原に生える（バイカオウレン節準日本固有要素）B 葯は白色あるいは稀に淡い赤紫色を帯びる地中

を横走するストロンがある花茎は緑色あるいは紫褐色葉の鋸歯は多数でやや細かく小葉の全体に分布する暖温帯から亜寒帯の林下に生えるC 葉は五全裂し小葉は倒卵形で小葉柄が明瞭花弁の舷部は皿状花茎は細く普通緑色

helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip バイカオウレン C quinquefoliaC 葉は三全裂し小葉は倒卵状菱形基部はくさび形で小葉柄は不明瞭側小葉は普通粗い鋸歯があるか二浅裂〜中裂する時に二深裂し掌状五全裂となる花弁の舷部は柄杓状花茎は太く暗紫褐色 hellip キタヤマオウレン C kitayamensis

B 葯は赤紫色ストロンを出さない花茎は太く暗紫褐色葉の鋸歯は少数で粗く小葉の上半部に分布する亜高山帯から高山帯の水湿地に生える helliphelliphellipミツバノバイカオウレン C trifoliolata

（国立科学博物館植物研究部）

270 植物研究雑誌　第 86巻　第 5号 2011年 10月

Ibigawa-cho Tsuka in the west of Kanrsquomuriyama-tocircge Pass alt 1060 m 18 Aug 2008 fr H Minoura sn (GPM 83402) Yamagata-gun Miyama-cho [currently Yamagata-shi] Nishibora alt 400ndash800 m 11 Sept 1955 ste K Inami sn (GPM 19815) Miyama-cho Mitsuo alt 390 m 8 April 2006 fl H Takahashi 22404 (GIFU) Miyama-cho Enbaru 10 April 1999 E Suga sn (GIFU) Gappa-dani alt 500 m 9 April 2008 T Hirota 9376 (GPM) Gappa-dani alt 550 m 10 June 2008 fr H Minoura 9477 (GPM 83325) Nakagoshi alt 720 m 12 April 2008 fl K Ishida sn (GIFU GPM) Kanzaki Nakagoshi Gappa-dani 35deg42prime133PrimeN 136deg42prime431PrimeE alt 513 m 26 Apr 2011 fr Y Kadota 1104031ndash1104032 (TNS 1136508ndash1136509) Enbara 35deg39prime360PrimeN 136deg45prime382PrimeE alt 246 m 26 Apr 2011 fl amp young fr Y Kaodta 1104001ndash1104003 (TNS 1136493ndash1136495) Motosu-gun Neo-mura [currently Motosu-shi] Neo Higashi-dani alt 600 m 1 June 1999 H Takahashi amp K Okuda 18816 (GIFU) Motosu-shi Kami Ocircsu Myojindocirc alt 600 m 26 April 2008 H Minoura sn (GPM) Motosu-shi Neo Kami-Ocircsu Higashi-Gocircchi-dani 35deg45prime331PrimeN 136deg46prime300PrimeE alt 555 m 27 Apr 2011 fl Y Kadota 1104011ndash1104013 (TNS 1136497ndash1136499) Ibi-gun Ibigawa-cho Sakauchi Mt Kanakuso-dake alt 1060 m 10 June 2011 fr H Minoura 569 (TNS 1028454) Ibigawa-cho Tsuka Mt Kanakusa-dake alt 1020 m 29 June 2011 fr H Minoura 574 (TNS 1028452) Fujihashi-mura [currently Ibigawa-cho] Kami Kaiden Nondo-dani alt 340 m 1 June 1992 N Futamura 8722 (GPM 19813) Tokuyama-mura [currently Ibigawa-cho] Hinokio-tocircge Pass alt 900ndash1000 m 18 May 1987 H Takahashi amp al 10718 (GIFU)

Fukui Pref Katsuyama-shi Mt Akausagi-yama 22 Oct 1972 sterile K Matsumura sn (FUK 10888) Mt Akausagi-yama 7 Aug 1980 sterile S Hayashi sn (FUK 10880) Mt Akausagi-yama alt 1500 m 8 Sept 1992 sterile T Wakasugi 36778 (FUK 10887) Mt Akausagi-yama 23 May 1997 fl T Wakasugi 12817ndash12818 (FUK 10883ndash10884) Mt Toritate-yama 8 June 1969 fr T Wakasugi 12808 (FUK 10886) Mt Daishi-yama 22 March 1990 fl K Matsumura sn (FUK 19896) Imadate-gun Ikeda-cho Mt Kanmuri-yama ndash Mt Kanakusa-dake 24 Sept 1979 sterile T Wakasugi 12804ndash12805 (FUK 10881ndash10882) Ocircno-shi Mt Heike-dake 13 May 1973 fl amp fr S Hayashi sn (FUK 10897 10885) Mt Gongen-yama Aug 1932 sterile Y Hosoi 385 (FUK 3294) Hisazawa 5 July 1998 fr Y Saito sn (FUK 10890) Takeo-shi [currently Echizen-shi] Aratani at the foot of Mt Hino-yama 20 Aug 1934 sterile Y Hosoi 433ndash434 (FUK 1682ndash1683) Mt Uba-ga-take 13 May 1973 fl T Wakasugi 12806 (FUK 10901) Nanjocirc-gun Minami-Echizen-cho Yasha-ga-ike 23 June 1968 fr S Hayashi sn (FUK 10889) Tsuruga-shi Mt Saihocirc-ga-take 28 May 1970 N Satomi sn (FUK 19919) Mt Iwagomori-yama 8 Apr 1972 y fr with petals S Hayashi sn (FUK 10917) Mt Sazae-dake 15 April 1979 fr T Wakasugi

12974 (FUK 10923) Mt Sazaega-take 10 April 1981 fl K Naruse sn (GPM) Kuroko National Forest 18 July 1976 sterile Y Saito sn (FUK 10916) Nouma alt 50 m 22 March 2011 S Miya sn (TNS 1136510ndash1136511) Mikata-gun [currently Mikata-kaminaka-gun] Mikata-cho [currently Wakasa-cho] Mt Mikata-yama 3 May 1970 sterile T Wakasugi 12810 (FUK 10915) Mt Amagoi-dake July 1932 sterile Y Hosoi 384 (FUK 3293)

Shiga Pref Takashima-shi Makino-cho Samukaze-tocircge Pass 6 May 1979 fr T Wakasugi 12793 (FUK 10920) Ugawa-goe 10 Oct 1979 sterile T Wakasugi 12796 12797 (FUK 10921ndash10922)

Kyoto Pref Kyoto-shi Sakyocirc-ku Mt Kurama-yama 2 Apr 1933 fl Z Tashiro sn (TNS 42377ndash42378) Kitakuwada-gun Chii-mura 22 May 1922 fr G Koidzumi sn (TNS 238375) Chii-mura Ashiu 17 Apr 1934 fl S Okamoto sn (TNS 45405 51953) Miyama-cho Ashiu Exper Forest of Kyoto Univ 1 Oct 1987 sterile S Masuda sn (TNS 857576ndash857577) Ayabe-shi Kanegochi-cho Higashidani Asusugi-jinja Shrine alt 105 m 3 Apr 1994 fl R Nishimura 915 (TNS 636729) Naka-gun [currently Kyocircrango-shi] Ocircmiya-cho Okunodani 29 Mar 1991 fl M Nuno sn (TNS 724618)

Herbarium abbreviation GPM (Gifu Prefectural Museum)

Note Coptis kitayamensis is distinguished from C quinquefolia by 1) the shape of nectary blades (ladle-shaped vs saucer-shaped and flattened) 2) having larger flowers (18ndash24 mm vs 12ndash15 mm in diam) 3) the shape of sepals (obovate-elliptic and stalked vs obovate and subsessile) 4) the dissection of leaves (usually ternate vs quinque-sect) and 5) the thickness and color of scape (thicker and reddish brown vs thinner and usually green) Coptis kitayamensis differs from C trifoliolata by 1) the presence of long subterranean stolons 2) white anthers and 3) more teeth on leaf margins

Coptis kitayamensis are variable in the dissection of leaf blades In the western part of the range (west of Fukui north of Shiga and east of Kyoto Prefs Fig 3) the lateral lobes are parted into two lobes and the leaf blades are ldquoquinquesectrdquo Consequently the western populations of C kitayamensis are superficially similar to C quinquefolia However in C kitayamensis both the terminal and lateral lobes are obovate-rhombic in outline acute at the apex lower halves of the lobes are tapering towards

October 2011 Journal of Japanese Botany Vol 86 No 5 271

the base and petiolules become unclear While in C quinquefolia the terminal and lateral lobes are obovate and have long petiolules

Both C kitayamensis and C quinquefolia grow on forest floors in the montane and subalpine zones (temperate to subfrigid zones) while C trifoliolata occurs in moist open grasslands near streams and lingering snow in the subalpine and the alpine zones (subfrigid to frigid zones)

I wish to show my cordial thanks to Mr Seiji Miya Kaga-shi Ishikawa Prefecture for giving specimens images information and an opportunity to study Coptis kitayamensis to Dr Kuniji Yoshida Nagoya-shi Aichi Prefecture for his information about Coptis species from Chubu District central Japan to Prof Dr Hiroshi Takahashi Gifu University Gifu Prefecture for his information about Coptis species in Gifu Prefecture to Mr Takao Wakasugi the Emeritus Director Fukui Botanical Garden Fukui Prefecture for his specimens and information about Coptis species from the Hokuriku Region central Honshu Japan to Mr Hiroyuki Minoura Ocircno-cho Gifu Prefecture for his guidance to the localities of Coptis kitayamensis and his gift of specimens and to Dr Masahiko Kubota Hiroshima-shi Hiroshima Prefecture for his survey of Coptis

plants in Hiroshima Pref

Literature CitedFu D-Z and Robinson O R 2001 Coptis In Wu Z-G

and Raven P H (eds) Flora of China 6 305ndash307 Science Press Beijing and Missouri Botanical Garden St Louis

Hsiao P-K 1979 Coptis Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae 27 592ndash598 Sceince Press Beijing (in Chinese)

Kadota Y 2004 Coptis sect Metacoptis subsect Japonocoptis (Ranunculaceae) with description of a new species and a new variety from Japan J Jpn Bot 79(5) 311ndash321

Kadota Y 2006 Coptis In Iwatsuki K Boufford D E and Ohba H (eds) Flora of Japan IIa 323ndash326 Kodansha Tokyo

Kadota Y 2011 Coptis In Kato M and Ebiahra A (eds) Endemic Plants of Japan p 51 maps 182ndash188 A Book Series from the National Museum of Nature and Science No 11 Tokai University Press Hadano (in Japanese)

Okuyama S 1972 Coptis quinquefolia Miq var kitayamensis Okuyama Coloured Illustrations of Wild Plants of Japan VI 35 pl 458-4 Seibundo Shinkosha Tokyo (in Japanese)

Satake Y 1949 A note on the Coptis of Japan J Jpn Bot 24(1ndash12) 69ndash74 (in Japanese with Latin descirption)

Tamura M 1995 Coptis In Hiepko P (ed) Engler und Prantl Die Natuumlrlichen Pflanzenfamilien 17 a IV 444ndash449 Dunker amp Humbolt Berlin

Torrey J and Gray A 1838 A Flora of North America Hafner Publishing Company New York

Watanabe S 1989 Coptis Flora of Fukui Prefecture p 117 Self-publishing (in Japanese)

門田裕一本州産オウレン属（キンポウゲ科）の 1 新種キタヤマオウレン　キンポウゲ科オウレン属の新種キタヤマオウレンCoptis kitayamensis Kadotaを記載したキタヤマオウレンは奥山春季により原色日本野外植物図譜 6補遺I（誠文堂新光社1972）にバイカオウレンの変種 C quinquefolia Miq var kitayamensis Okuyamaとして発表されたものであるこの学名は裸名であったためここでラテン語の記載を与えタイプを指定した　奥山も指摘しているようにキタヤマオウレンはストロンをもつことで明らかにバイカオウレンに近縁であるが①花弁の舷部は柄杓状になり（平坦な皿状ではな

い）②葉はより大型で葉身は普通三全裂し③頂小葉は倒卵形で基部はくさび形となって小葉柄が不明瞭であり側小葉は上半部で三裂するかあるいは中部で二浅裂〜深裂し④花は直径 (16ndash)18ndash24 mmでより大きく⑤萼片は倒卵状楕円形で長さ (8ndash)9ndash12 mm幅(2ndash)45ndash55 mmでより細長く爪（柄）が明瞭に認められ⑥花茎はより太くかつ暗赤紫色であることなどで区別される分布域の西部（福井県西部滋賀県北部京都府東部）には葉身が掌状に五全裂して一見バイカオウレンに似た個体が出現するしかし本種は頂小葉と

272 植物研究雑誌　第 86巻　第 5号 2011年 10月

側小葉は共に倒卵状菱形で先端は鈍く基部は楔形で柄が不明瞭であることでバイカオウレンと区別することができるミツバノバイカオウレン C trifoliolata Makinoはストロンを出さないことの他葯は赤紫色で葉の鋸歯は少数で粗いことそして生育環境が異なること（亜高山帯から高山帯の水湿の草原に生える）でキタヤマオウレンから明瞭に区別できる　キタヤマオウレンとその類似種との区別点は次のとおりである

A 袋果の側面には脈がない亜寒帯〜寒帯の常緑針葉樹林林下や湿原などに生える（ミツバオウレン節周北極要素） ミツバオウレン C trifolia

A 袋果の側面に 1脈がある暖温帯〜亜寒帯の林下や湿草原に生える（バイカオウレン節準日本固有要素）B 葯は白色あるいは稀に淡い赤紫色を帯びる地中

を横走するストロンがある花茎は緑色あるいは紫褐色葉の鋸歯は多数でやや細かく小葉の全体に分布する暖温帯から亜寒帯の林下に生えるC 葉は五全裂し小葉は倒卵形で小葉柄が明瞭花弁の舷部は皿状花茎は細く普通緑色

helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip バイカオウレン C quinquefoliaC 葉は三全裂し小葉は倒卵状菱形基部はくさび形で小葉柄は不明瞭側小葉は普通粗い鋸歯があるか二浅裂〜中裂する時に二深裂し掌状五全裂となる花弁の舷部は柄杓状花茎は太く暗紫褐色 hellip キタヤマオウレン C kitayamensis

B 葯は赤紫色ストロンを出さない花茎は太く暗紫褐色葉の鋸歯は少数で粗く小葉の上半部に分布する亜高山帯から高山帯の水湿地に生える helliphelliphellipミツバノバイカオウレン C trifoliolata

（国立科学博物館植物研究部）

October 2011 Journal of Japanese Botany Vol 86 No 5 271

the base and petiolules become unclear While in C quinquefolia the terminal and lateral lobes are obovate and have long petiolules

Both C kitayamensis and C quinquefolia grow on forest floors in the montane and subalpine zones (temperate to subfrigid zones) while C trifoliolata occurs in moist open grasslands near streams and lingering snow in the subalpine and the alpine zones (subfrigid to frigid zones)

I wish to show my cordial thanks to Mr Seiji Miya Kaga-shi Ishikawa Prefecture for giving specimens images information and an opportunity to study Coptis kitayamensis to Dr Kuniji Yoshida Nagoya-shi Aichi Prefecture for his information about Coptis species from Chubu District central Japan to Prof Dr Hiroshi Takahashi Gifu University Gifu Prefecture for his information about Coptis species in Gifu Prefecture to Mr Takao Wakasugi the Emeritus Director Fukui Botanical Garden Fukui Prefecture for his specimens and information about Coptis species from the Hokuriku Region central Honshu Japan to Mr Hiroyuki Minoura Ocircno-cho Gifu Prefecture for his guidance to the localities of Coptis kitayamensis and his gift of specimens and to Dr Masahiko Kubota Hiroshima-shi Hiroshima Prefecture for his survey of Coptis

plants in Hiroshima Pref

Literature CitedFu D-Z and Robinson O R 2001 Coptis In Wu Z-G

and Raven P H (eds) Flora of China 6 305ndash307 Science Press Beijing and Missouri Botanical Garden St Louis

Hsiao P-K 1979 Coptis Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae 27 592ndash598 Sceince Press Beijing (in Chinese)

Kadota Y 2004 Coptis sect Metacoptis subsect Japonocoptis (Ranunculaceae) with description of a new species and a new variety from Japan J Jpn Bot 79(5) 311ndash321

Kadota Y 2006 Coptis In Iwatsuki K Boufford D E and Ohba H (eds) Flora of Japan IIa 323ndash326 Kodansha Tokyo

Kadota Y 2011 Coptis In Kato M and Ebiahra A (eds) Endemic Plants of Japan p 51 maps 182ndash188 A Book Series from the National Museum of Nature and Science No 11 Tokai University Press Hadano (in Japanese)

Okuyama S 1972 Coptis quinquefolia Miq var kitayamensis Okuyama Coloured Illustrations of Wild Plants of Japan VI 35 pl 458-4 Seibundo Shinkosha Tokyo (in Japanese)

Satake Y 1949 A note on the Coptis of Japan J Jpn Bot 24(1ndash12) 69ndash74 (in Japanese with Latin descirption)

Tamura M 1995 Coptis In Hiepko P (ed) Engler und Prantl Die Natuumlrlichen Pflanzenfamilien 17 a IV 444ndash449 Dunker amp Humbolt Berlin

Torrey J and Gray A 1838 A Flora of North America Hafner Publishing Company New York

Watanabe S 1989 Coptis Flora of Fukui Prefecture p 117 Self-publishing (in Japanese)

門田裕一本州産オウレン属（キンポウゲ科）の 1 新種キタヤマオウレン　キンポウゲ科オウレン属の新種キタヤマオウレンCoptis kitayamensis Kadotaを記載したキタヤマオウレンは奥山春季により原色日本野外植物図譜 6補遺I（誠文堂新光社1972）にバイカオウレンの変種 C quinquefolia Miq var kitayamensis Okuyamaとして発表されたものであるこの学名は裸名であったためここでラテン語の記載を与えタイプを指定した　奥山も指摘しているようにキタヤマオウレンはストロンをもつことで明らかにバイカオウレンに近縁であるが①花弁の舷部は柄杓状になり（平坦な皿状ではな

い）②葉はより大型で葉身は普通三全裂し③頂小葉は倒卵形で基部はくさび形となって小葉柄が不明瞭であり側小葉は上半部で三裂するかあるいは中部で二浅裂〜深裂し④花は直径 (16ndash)18ndash24 mmでより大きく⑤萼片は倒卵状楕円形で長さ (8ndash)9ndash12 mm幅(2ndash)45ndash55 mmでより細長く爪（柄）が明瞭に認められ⑥花茎はより太くかつ暗赤紫色であることなどで区別される分布域の西部（福井県西部滋賀県北部京都府東部）には葉身が掌状に五全裂して一見バイカオウレンに似た個体が出現するしかし本種は頂小葉と

272 植物研究雑誌　第 86巻　第 5号 2011年 10月

側小葉は共に倒卵状菱形で先端は鈍く基部は楔形で柄が不明瞭であることでバイカオウレンと区別することができるミツバノバイカオウレン C trifoliolata Makinoはストロンを出さないことの他葯は赤紫色で葉の鋸歯は少数で粗いことそして生育環境が異なること（亜高山帯から高山帯の水湿の草原に生える）でキタヤマオウレンから明瞭に区別できる　キタヤマオウレンとその類似種との区別点は次のとおりである

A 袋果の側面には脈がない亜寒帯〜寒帯の常緑針葉樹林林下や湿原などに生える（ミツバオウレン節周北極要素） ミツバオウレン C trifolia

A 袋果の側面に 1脈がある暖温帯〜亜寒帯の林下や湿草原に生える（バイカオウレン節準日本固有要素）B 葯は白色あるいは稀に淡い赤紫色を帯びる地中

を横走するストロンがある花茎は緑色あるいは紫褐色葉の鋸歯は多数でやや細かく小葉の全体に分布する暖温帯から亜寒帯の林下に生えるC 葉は五全裂し小葉は倒卵形で小葉柄が明瞭花弁の舷部は皿状花茎は細く普通緑色

helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip バイカオウレン C quinquefoliaC 葉は三全裂し小葉は倒卵状菱形基部はくさび形で小葉柄は不明瞭側小葉は普通粗い鋸歯があるか二浅裂〜中裂する時に二深裂し掌状五全裂となる花弁の舷部は柄杓状花茎は太く暗紫褐色 hellip キタヤマオウレン C kitayamensis

B 葯は赤紫色ストロンを出さない花茎は太く暗紫褐色葉の鋸歯は少数で粗く小葉の上半部に分布する亜高山帯から高山帯の水湿地に生える helliphelliphellipミツバノバイカオウレン C trifoliolata

（国立科学博物館植物研究部）

272 植物研究雑誌　第 86巻　第 5号 2011年 10月

側小葉は共に倒卵状菱形で先端は鈍く基部は楔形で柄が不明瞭であることでバイカオウレンと区別することができるミツバノバイカオウレン C trifoliolata Makinoはストロンを出さないことの他葯は赤紫色で葉の鋸歯は少数で粗いことそして生育環境が異なること（亜高山帯から高山帯の水湿の草原に生える）でキタヤマオウレンから明瞭に区別できる　キタヤマオウレンとその類似種との区別点は次のとおりである

A 袋果の側面には脈がない亜寒帯〜寒帯の常緑針葉樹林林下や湿原などに生える（ミツバオウレン節周北極要素） ミツバオウレン C trifolia

A 袋果の側面に 1脈がある暖温帯〜亜寒帯の林下や湿草原に生える（バイカオウレン節準日本固有要素）B 葯は白色あるいは稀に淡い赤紫色を帯びる地中

を横走するストロンがある花茎は緑色あるいは紫褐色葉の鋸歯は多数でやや細かく小葉の全体に分布する暖温帯から亜寒帯の林下に生えるC 葉は五全裂し小葉は倒卵形で小葉柄が明瞭花弁の舷部は皿状花茎は細く普通緑色

helliphelliphelliphelliphelliphelliphellip バイカオウレン C quinquefoliaC 葉は三全裂し小葉は倒卵状菱形基部はくさび形で小葉柄は不明瞭側小葉は普通粗い鋸歯があるか二浅裂〜中裂する時に二深裂し掌状五全裂となる花弁の舷部は柄杓状花茎は太く暗紫褐色 hellip キタヤマオウレン C kitayamensis

B 葯は赤紫色ストロンを出さない花茎は太く暗紫褐色葉の鋸歯は少数で粗く小葉の上半部に分布する亜高山帯から高山帯の水湿地に生える helliphelliphellipミツバノバイカオウレン C trifoliolata

（国立科学博物館植物研究部）