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Copper Alloy Dagger Pair Ba Culture, Ancient China · 2019-05-08 · This is a pair of copper alloy...
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This is a pair of copper alloy daggers from the ancient Ba culture. They date to the Warring States period (475-221 BC)or earlier. The Ba people are thought to have inhabited the vast area which today encompasses southern Shaanxi, Hubei and eastern Sichuan provinces and Chongqing Municipality. Depending on sources, the Ba are thought to have existed as a unique culture from as early as the 16th century BCE but many sources place the culture from the Spring and Autumn period (770 BC) to the end of the Warring States period (221 BC). The Ba people were famous for their bravery and their reputation for being great warriors but the Ba people were also very mysterious. The Ba culture has remained an enigma, mainly because of a lack of related archaeological evidence and the fact that they left no written record of their culture. Their only form of writing was in a panoply of unique designs. Some were stylized depictions of animals, such as the famous Ba tigers, while others were interesting geometric designs. The History of the Eastern Han depicts the totems and origins of the Ba people and their Qirst king Lin Jun. Many historians regard it as an important source for solving Ba mysteries. The book says, "After Lin Jun died, his soul turned into a white tiger. The later Ba generations watered it with human blood and offered human bodies as sacriQices for it." This gives written evidence that the ancient Ba people took the white tiger as their totem and thought it to be their ancestors. In the minds of the ancient Ba people, the white tiger was the same as their ancestors and that's why the custom of offering sacriQicial humans to the tiger was handed down. The Tiger was worshipped as the god of Qighting and killing and oversaw the weapons and wars of mankind. After the Han uniQication, the Ba Tiger continued to be a central cultural icon. Copper Alloy Dagger Pair Ba Culture, Ancient China No.____________ Page ____ of ____ Dealer/Collector Services 562 Lakeland Plaza #353 Cumming, GA 30040 www.pricelesspast.com CONDITION REPORT fig. 1 -00209RN- 10 1
Transcript of Copper Alloy Dagger Pair Ba Culture, Ancient China · 2019-05-08 · This is a pair of copper alloy...
This is a pair of copperalloy daggers from theancient Ba culture. TheydatetotheWarringStatesperiod (475-221 BC)orearlier. The Ba people arethought to have inhabitedthe vast areawhich todayencompasses southern Shaanxi, Hubei and eastern Sichuanprovinces and Chongqing Municipality. Depending onsources, the Ba are thought to have existed as a uniqueculture from as early as the 16th century BCE but manysourcesplacetheculturefromtheSpringandAutumnperiod(770BC)totheendoftheWarringStatesperiod(221BC). TheBapeoplewerefamousfortheirbraveryandtheirreputation for being greatwarriors but theBapeoplewerealso very mysterious. The Ba culture has remained anenigma, mainly because of a lack of related archaeologicalevidenceandthefactthattheyleftnowrittenrecordoftheirculture.Theironlyformofwritingwasinapanoplyofuniquedesigns. Some were stylized depictions of animals, such asthe famous Ba tigers, while others were interestinggeometricdesigns. TheHistoryoftheEasternHandepictsthetotemsandorigins of the Ba people and their Qirst king Lin Jun. Manyhistorians regard it as an important source for solving Bamysteries.Thebooksays,"AfterLinJundied,hissoulturnedinto awhite tiger. The later Ba generationswatered itwithhumanbloodandofferedhumanbodiesassacriQices for it."Thisgiveswrittenevidence that theancientBapeople tookthe white tiger as their totem and thought it to be theirancestors. In theminds of the ancient Ba people, thewhitetiger was the same as their ancestors and that's why thecustomofofferingsacriQicialhumanstothetigerwashandeddown.TheTigerwasworshippedas thegodof Qightingandkillingandoversawtheweaponsandwarsofmankind.Afterthe Han uniQication, the Ba Tiger continued to be a centralculturalicon.
CopperAlloyDaggerPairBaCulture,AncientChina
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Cumming, GA 30040 www.pricelesspast.com
CONDITION REPORT
fig. 1
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The Qirst dagger is the largestmeasuring almost 30 cmwhile thes e c o n d , sma l l e r d a g g e r i sapproximately 26.5 cm. The largerdagger has one of the Ba’smysterious geometric designsmoldedorcarvedintobothsidesofthe blade. There is a repair to thetip of this dagger. The smallerdagger has what appears to be adepictionofthefamousBatigeronboth sides of the blade. It has arepairtothehandleandabreaktothetipthatisrepaired. ThesedaggerswerepurchasedasapairfromthecollectionofthelateJohn F. Piscopo. Dagger #1 (leftimage on Qigs. 1 and 2) wasoriginally tagged as lot #4134a.Dagger #2 (right image on Qigs. 1and 2)was originally tagged as lot#4001. Original images from theestate agent are visible on page 3,Qig.3andpage6,Qig.8respectively. Dagger#1weighs147grams.Theaveragethicknessalongthecenterline4.5mm. Dagger#2weighs167grams.Theaveragethicknessalongthecenterlineis8mm.
CopperAlloyDaggerPairBaCulture,AncientChina
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Priceless Past, 562 Lakeland Plaza #353 Cumming, Georgia | USA | www.pricelesspast.com
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BaDagger#1-Photographs
Photo from the “Collection of John F Piscopo” estate files #4134a
fig. 2b
fig. 2a
fig. 3
Theimagestotheleft(Q igs . 2a and 2b) arecloseupphotographsofthegeometric design thatappears to be carved in tothesurfaceonbothsidesofdagger#1. The image below isan image of the samespecimen as advertised inthe estate Qiles of Mr.Piscopo.
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BaDagger#1-Micrographs
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fig. 4
fig. 5
Fig. 4 shows a crystallinestructure on the surface ofthe hilt area that could bemineralized Qibers from theoriginal grip or sheath.MagniQicationis19X.Fig.5is100X magniQication of anareaofthesamedeposit.
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BaDagger#1-Micrographs
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These 45X micrographsshowan area of the surfaceon the hilt where corrosionproducts appears as surfacenodules. Fig. 6 shows thearea undisturbed. Fig. 7shows the same area afterthe removal of the crystalstructure in the center. It isapparent that the crystalsa r e n a t u ra l l y f o rmedcorrosion products (likelycopper carbonite hydroxide,based on its appearance)that extend below thesurface of the metal asexpected.
fig. 6
fig. 6b
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BaDagger#2-Photographs
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Photo from the “Collection of John F Piscopo” estate files #4001
fig. 7
fig. 7b
fig. 8
The images below (Qigs. 7a and 7b) are closeupphotographs of the stylized animal decoration carved intobothsidesofthedagger. TheimageatthebottomisanimageofthesamespecimenasadvertisedintheestateQilesofMr.Piscopo.
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BaDagger#2-Micrographs
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fig. 9
fig. 10
Fig.9 is a micrographshowinganareaof thepatinawhereseveraldistincttypesofcorrosionproductsarevisiblein the same matrix. The blueareaislikelyazuriteinaseaofg r e e n m a l a c h i t e . B o t hmineralsarecoppercarbonatehydroxides that often appeartogether in nature, indicatinga naturally-formed patina.White areas of what isprobably tin oxide and redareas ofwhat is likely copperox i de a re a l s o v i s i b l e .MagniQicationis9X. Fig.10showsanareainthe decoration on one sidewhere there is what appearstobecopperoxideandcoppercarbonate hydroxide crystalstructures interspersed withgolden-colored areas whichare possibly the somewhatr a r e o c c u r r e n c e o fredeposited copper. Themechanism for the process isnot fully understood but aspart of a long-term corrosionprocess, pure copper atomsareredepositedonornearthesurface.MagniQicationis41X.
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Thismicrographwastakenfromanareaofthecentralrib that illustrates what I believe to be the phenomenon ofredeposited copper appearing in contrast with the metalphases.
BaDagger#2-Micrograph
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fig. 11
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BaDagger#2-Micrographs
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These beau t i f u l 100Xmicrographsshowthelivelynature of the patina ondagger#2.From thegoldenc o l o r o f t h e p u r e ,redeposited copper to thedeep malachite greens,azurite blues, and cupritereds.
CONDITION REPORT
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⼀六四雙鞘劍戰國164TwinsheathjianWarringStates
鞘⾧⼆⼋.五、寬⼀三.七厘⽶Sheathlength28.5,width13.7centimeters
劍⾧⼆九.⼋厘⽶Jianlength29.8centimeters
⼀九七三年四川成都中醫學院出⼟1973CapitalofSichuanChineseMedicalInstituteexcavation
四川省博物館藏SichuanProvincialMuseum
柳葉形劍’扁莖無格，基部⼆圓穿，劍⾝凸鑄⼀圓圈’上下有雙翼。鞘爲袋Willowleafshapedjian,surfaceofthestalkwithoutpattern(maybereferringtothebodyofthejian?),bottomportionhastwoholes.Jianbodyhasaprotrudingcastedinacircleshape.Thereare2wingsaboveandbelow.Sheathhastheshapeofpockets.
形’側附雙砵，中以凹槽分爲左右劍室’蓋、府均飾卷雲紋。此種劍在四川多有發Adjacentcasesresembledoublebowls.Amidlinegroovedividestheleftandrightcompartments.Covercasinghastheornamentofcurlingcloudsandlines.
ThistypeofjianisfrequentlyfoundinSichuan.
現，说明此頦既可遠擲、又可近搏的短劍是當巴蜀地躲的重要兵器。巴蜀BydeQinitionthistypecanbeQlungadistance,aswellasisanearstrikingshortjian.Itisanimportantweaponofthepeopleofthestate,Bashǔ.
From:“ZhongGuoQingTongQiQuanJi”,Publisher: Wenwuchubanshe,1993,photop.151,textappendixp.45
BaDagger#2-Reference
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BaDaggers-MapandCerti?ication
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________________________________________________ ________________________Authorized signature Richard A. Nable Owner/Operator Priceless Past Authentications Date
All of the information contained in this document is true, accurate and correct to the best of my knowledge.Neither the person filing this report as indicated by the above, authorized signature nor Priceless Past as an entity shall assume any liability for a decision or decisions based in whole or in part upon the information contained within this report. Should any of the information in this report later be deemed inaccurate, Priceless Past will correct the report, create an addendum or refund the price of the report to the original purchaser at the sole discretion of Priceless Past. No other liability is expressed or implied.
CONDITION REPORT
fig. 14
This map shows themodern Chinese Provincesand their borders. TheProvinces outlined in redarethosewhereBacultureartifactshavebeenlocated.
Certi?ication: Based on a thorough analysis of both the specimens described in thisreport, it is my conclusion that both specimens are authentic antiquities and areaccuratelyattributedwithrespecttogeneralcultureandtimeperiod.
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