ComeniusComeniusWater a vital elementWater a vital element

4 th meeting4 th meeting

Calaf (Spain)Calaf (Spain)

21 th Feb. – 25 th Feb. 201121 th Feb. – 25 th Feb. 2011

PresentationPresentation

• The sustainable use of virtual The sustainable use of virtual waterwater

• Virtual waterVirtual water• Water use related conflictsWater use related conflicts• Consequences of using dirty Consequences of using dirty

water(illnesses)water(illnesses)• Water contamination and its Water contamination and its

recyclingrecycling• Water hardnessWater hardness

Sustainable use of waterSustainable use of water

• Generally we don’t make a Generally we don’t make a sustainable use of water, we waste sustainable use of water, we waste more water than the water needed.more water than the water needed.

• This is specially reflected in the rich This is specially reflected in the rich countries, and we see it in different countries, and we see it in different situations such as industry, situations such as industry, agriculture or domestic use.agriculture or domestic use.

Sustainable use of waterSustainable use of water

• In this world map we can see the different areas In this world map we can see the different areas where there is more population than water. where there is more population than water.

• The water stress happens because of an The water stress happens because of an excessive use of the natural resources of water excessive use of the natural resources of water either too much population or excessive use.either too much population or excessive use.

The sustainable use of The sustainable use of water.water.• The universal The universal

exposition of Zaragoza exposition of Zaragoza 2008, was about water 2008, was about water and tried to raise and tried to raise awareness about awareness about sustainable water use.sustainable water use.

• The UNESCO and The UNESCO and others organisations others organisations also tried to promove also tried to promove international treaties international treaties about the use of water. about the use of water.

The sustainable use of The sustainable use of water.water.• In this diagram you can see In this diagram you can see

the % of the availability of the % of the availability of fresh water in the fresh water in the continents and its continents and its distribuition with world distribuition with world population.population.

• The numbers correspond to:The numbers correspond to:– 1 North and Central 1 North and Central

AmericaAmerica– 2 South America2 South America– 3 Europe3 Europe– 4 Africa4 Africa– 5 Asia5 Asia– 6 Australia and Oceania6 Australia and Oceania

15

26

8 11

35

58 613 13

59

10

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

1 2 3 4 5 6

AiguaPoblació

Virtual waterVirtual water

1.1. The virtual water is The virtual water is the water that we the water that we need for produce need for produce aliments that we aliments that we consume everyday.consume everyday.

2.2. This dates reflect the This dates reflect the amount of water that amount of water that is needed to produce is needed to produce one kilo of each one one kilo of each one of this aliments.of this aliments.

Vac

a

Bov

í

Aus

Cer

eals

Cít

rics

Llegum

s

15000

10000

6000

1500100010000

2000400060008000

10000120001400016000

Litres/ K

Virtual waterVirtual water

• In this map we can see the countries more In this map we can see the countries more importer and exporter of water in the world.importer and exporter of water in the world.

• The zones marked with blue are the exporters.The zones marked with blue are the exporters.

• The zones marked with red or orange are the The zones marked with red or orange are the importers.importers.

Conflicts for the use of Conflicts for the use of waterwater

• This map shows the hydrographic bassins This map shows the hydrographic bassins between countries and the treaties for their use.between countries and the treaties for their use.

• More dark zones have more treaties for the use More dark zones have more treaties for the use of water between countries. of water between countries.

Conflicts for the use of Conflicts for the use of waterwater

• People think that the use of water causes lots of conflicts between People think that the use of water causes lots of conflicts between countries, but we can see in this diagram that important conflicts countries, but we can see in this diagram that important conflicts aren’t usual on the world.aren’t usual on the world.

• Usually there are politic treaties for the use of water between Usually there are politic treaties for the use of water between countries, when a river pass for different nations.countries, when a river pass for different nations.

Consequences of use of dirty Consequences of use of dirty waterwater

• The use of dirty water can cause lots The use of dirty water can cause lots of illnesses on the people like:of illnesses on the people like:– MalariaMalaria– Typhoid feverTyphoid fever– DysenteryDysentery– CholeraCholera

Consequences of use of dirty Consequences of use of dirty water.water.

Bacteria Enfermedad/infección Síntomas

Aeromonas EnteritisDiarrea muy líquida, con sangre y moco

Campylobacter jejuni CampilobacteriosisGripe, diarres, dolor de cabeza y estómago, fiebre, calambres y náuseas

Escherichia coli Infecciones del tracto urinario, meningitis neonatal, enfermedades intestinales

Diarrea acuosa, dolores de cabeza, fiebre, uremia homilética, daños hepáticos

Plesiomonas shigelloides Plesiomonas-infecciónNáuseas, dolores de estómago y diarrea acuosa, a veces fiebre, dolores de cabeza y vómitos

Salmonella typhi Fiebre tifoidea Fiebre

Salmonella sp. SalmonelosisMareos, calambres intestinales, vómitos, diarrea y a veces fiebre leve

Streptococcus Enfermedad (gastro) intestinalDolores de estómago, diarrea y fiebre, a veces vómitos

Vibrio El Tor (agua dulce) Cólera (forma leve) Fuerte diarrea

Consequences of use of dirty Consequences of use of dirty water.water.

Microorganismo Enfermedad Síntomas

Amoeba Disenteria ameboide

Fuerte diarrea, dolor de cabeza, dolor abdominal, escalofríos, fiebre; si no se trata puede causar abscesos en el hígado, perforación intestinal y muerte

Cryptosporidium parvum Criptosporidiosis Sensación de mareo, diarrea acuosa, vómitos, falta de apetito

Giardia Giardiasis Diarrea, calambres abdominales, flatulencia, eruptos, fatiga

Toxoplasm gondii Toxoplasmosis Gripe, inflamación de las glándulas linfáticasEn mujeres embarazadas aborto e infecciones cerebrales

Consequences of use of dirty Consequences of use of dirty water.water.

Tipo de organismo Enfermedad Efectos

Bacterias Fiebre tifoidea Diarrea, vómitos severos, inflamación del bazo, inflamación de los intestinos; a menudo fatal si no es tratada

Cólera Diarreas, vómitos severos, deshidratación; a menudo fatal si no es tratada

Disentería bacteriana Diarrea; raramente fatal excepto en niños si no se sigue tratamiento apropiado

Enteritis Dolor severo del estómago, náusea, vómitos; raramente fatal

Virus Hepatitis Infecciosa Fiebre, dolor de cabeza severo, pérdida de apetito, dolor abdominal, ictericia, inflamación del hígado; raramente fatal pero puede causar daño irreversible del hígado

Protozoos parásitos Disentería amébica Diarrea severa, dolor de cabeza, dolor abdominal, escalofríos, fiebre; si no es tratada puede causar absceso del hígado, la perforación del intestino y la muerte

Giardiasis Diarrea, calambres abdominales, flatulencia, eructos, fatiga

Gusanos parásitos Schistosomiasis Dolor abdominal, erupción de la piel, anemia, fatiga crónica, mala salud crónica general

Consequences of use of dirty Consequences of use of dirty water.water.

• The contagion of The contagion of illnesses is related illnesses is related to the stock of tap to the stock of tap water at houses.water at houses.

• In this diagram we In this diagram we can see the can see the distribution of distribution of houses without houses without stock of tap water.stock of tap water.

Consequences of use of dirty Consequences of use of dirty waterwater

Consequences of use of dirty Consequences of use of dirty water.water.• Other thing that Other thing that

concern the spreading concern the spreading of illnesses is the of illnesses is the absence of service of absence of service of cleaning water at cleaning water at houses houses

• In this diagram we can In this diagram we can see the distribution on see the distribution on the world of the world of population without population without systems of cleaning systems of cleaning water in their houseswater in their houses

Consequencies of the use of Consequencies of the use of dirty water.dirty water.

Consequences of the use of Consequences of the use of dirty waterdirty water

Call to actionCall to action

•World forum of teenagers.•Main ideas:

– The use of water is a basic right of people– We need to use correctly the ressources

of water in the world– All kids in the world must have the

access to clean water– The politicians must work to solve the

conflicts about water

The hardness of water

• The comparison between different types of water lets us see this results:– Distilled water– Osmosis water– Bottled water– Tap water from

Calaf