1. RESPIRATORY DISEASE

2. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.COPD is the disease of respiratory tract that producean obstruction to airflow & ultimately can effect boththe mechanical function of the lung & gas exchangecapability of the lung.It is a preventable & treatable disease.Two distinct processes are involved- Emphysema-Chronic bronchitisUsually progressive & is associated with inflammationof the lungs as they respond to noxious particles orgases. 3. 20% of adult males have COPD15% of COPD patients are severelysymptomatic4 th leading cause of death (USA)Mortality rate still risingprevalence in low birth weight and lowsocioeconomic statusTuberculosis in smokers predisposes toCOPD 4. Chronic bronchitisChronic inflammation and excess mucusproductionPresence of chronic productive coughEmphysemaDamage to the small, sac-like units of thelung that deliver oxygen into the lung andremove the carbon dioxideChronic cough 5. Chronic BronchitisChronic coughShortness of breathIncreased mucusFrequent clearing of throatEmphysemaChronic coughShortness of breathLimited activity level 6. Long-term smoking is responsible for 80-90 %of cases Smoker, compared to non-smoker, is 10 timesmore likely to die of COPDSecond-hand smoke,Industrial smoke,Chemical gases, vapors, mists & fumesDusts from grains, minerals & other materials-Alpha-1 antitrypsin(AAT) deficiency 7. RISK FACTOR FOR COPDHistory of childhood respiratory infectionsGenetic makeupIncreasing age 8. AnticholinergicsIpratropium(Ipramid-Beximco)Tiiotropium ( Norvent-sq.)Oral & IV antibioticsCephalosporinAntipsedomonal penicillinAminoglycosideFluoroquinolonesBronchodilatorsShort-acting b2-agonist Salbutamol(Sultolin-sq.)Long-acting b2-agonist -Salmeterol (Bexitrol-Beximco)andFormoterol(Symbion-Beximco)Methylxanthines Theophylline(Asmanyl-sq.)SteroidsOral PrednisoloneInhaled Fluticasone(Perinase-Beximco),Budesonide(Aeronoid-Beximco) 9. THANK YOU