COP 21 Brochure-Low Res

Indo-German Cooperation on Clim

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Indo-German Cooperation on Climate Change

Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change

Implemented by

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Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ)

For over 60 years, GIZ has been working jointly with partners in India, in sustainable economic, environmental and social

development. Currently, GIZ has over 300 staff in India, of whom 85% are national personnel.

India is fast emerging as an economic and industrial power. It is a member of the Group of Twenty (G20), and of the BRICS-

Association of major emerging economies, named after its members Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa. Despite the

country’s rapidly growing economy, poverty and social issues remain a challenge. The burgeoning population and accelerated

urbanisation in the country have resulted in an environment at risk, and greenhouse gas emissions that continue to spiral upwards.

GIZ, in close cooperation with Indian partners, offers tailor-made solutions to meet local needs and achieve sustainable and

inclusive growth.

The key focal areas of Indo-German cooperation are currently

• energy

• theenvironment

• sustainableeconomicdevelopment.

Our main commissioning parties are the Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ) and the Federal

Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety (BMUB). In addition, we work for Indian public

sector clients, the European Union and foundations. The Government of India has launched several initiatives to address the

country’senvironmentalandsocialchallenges,andGIZiscontributingtosomeofthemostsignificant.Forexample,itissupporting

the National Urban Sanitation Policy as part of the Clean India Campaign (Swachh Bharat Abhiyaan) in partnership with the Ministry

ofUrbanDevelopment.GIZisalsoconstantlyexploringhowtocontributetofurtherinitiativesinIndia.

www.giz.de

KfW Development Bank

KfW Development Bank is Germany’s leading development bank and an integral part of KfW. KfW Development Bank has been

working under the German Federal Government to achieve its goals in international development cooperation for more than 50

years.Inthisregard,KfWisbothanexperiencedbankandadevelopmentinstitutionwithfinancingexpertise,expertknowledge

ofdevelopmentpolicyandmanyyearsofnationalandinternationalexperience.OnbehalfoftheGermanFederalGovernment,and

primarilytheFederalMinistryforEconomicCooperationandDevelopment(BMZ),KfWDevelopmentBankfinancesandsupports

programs and projects that mainly involve public sector players in developing countries and emerging economies. The main

objective of the German Government is to work together with the Indian Government in facilitating inclusive growth and reducing

poverty.

Germany and KfW are longstanding partners of India. Since the 1950s, more than EUR 11 billion has been sanctioned by the

GermanGovernmentthroughKfWDevelopmentBank,mainlyinthefieldsofEnergy,FinancialSectorDevelopment,Health,and

Protection of the Environment and Natural Resources.. The Energy Sector is one of the focal areas of the Indo-German Cooperation

and shall contribute to meeting the demand for energy services in a safe, reliable, and environmentally sustainable manner.

www.kfw.de


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Indo-German Cooperation on Climate Change

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Imprint

Published by theDeutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH

Registered officesBonn and Eschborn, GermanyFriedrich-Ebert-Allee 36 + 4053113 Bonn, GermanyT +49 228 44 60-0F +49 228 44 60-17 66

Natural Resource Management ProgrammeGIZ-officeIndia,2ndfloor,A2/18 Safdurjung EnclaveNew Delhi, 110029, IndiaT + 91 11 4949 5353 F + 91 11 4949 5391www.giz.de/India

As ofNovember 2015

ResponsibleSabine Preuss

EditorsDiya BanerjeeSomya Bhatt

Printed byAspire Design

Design and layoutAspire Design

GIZ is responsible for the content of this publication.

On behalf of the

German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ)

German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety (BMUB)


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ContentsPreface 8-9The Challenge of Climate Change 10-11Technical Cooperation: GIZ Approach to Tackling Climate Change 12-16

• Mitigation-ReducingEmissions 15• Adaptation-PreparationforChange 16

Financial Cooperation: KfW Support to Climate Change related investments in India 17

TECHNICALCOOPERATION 20-56Environment 20-43

• MitigatingGreenhouseGases 20-22• ResourceEfficiency 23• Eco-IndustrialParks 24-25• UrbanClimateChange 26• ClimateChangeAdaptationforIndustrialAreas 27• StateActionPlansonClimateChange 28• VulnerabilityAssessmentandClimateProofing 29-32• ClimateFinance 33• LossandDamage 35• LearningaboutAdaptation 36-43

Energy 44-51• RenewableEnergy 44-48• EnergyEfficiency 49-50• Industry 51

Sustainable Economic Development 52-57• FinancingEnergyEfficiency 53• SustainableTechnologyInnovation 54• SustainabilityReporting 55• ClimateChangeAdaptationintheIndianPrivateSector 56

FINANCIALCOOPERATION 57-62• Energy 58-59• UrbanMobility 60• ClimateChangeAdaptation 61• ClimateFinance 62

List of Involved GIZ Programmes 63List of Involved KfW Programmes 64List of Abbreviations 65

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DearReader,

Worldwideseasonsarechanging,temperaturesareincreasingandsealevelsarerising.Rainfallpatterntoohasbecomeerraticandextremeweathereventsarenowcommonandintense.Climatechangesignificantlyimpactsoureconomies,communities,andourecosystemsand,ourpathtosustainabledevelopmentandgrowthisseverelycompromised.

Indiaisoneofthemostvulnerablecountriestoclimatechangeasitseconomyisstillintrinsicallylinkedtoitsvastnaturalresourcebase.Climatechangecanadverselyaffectlivelihood,foodsecurity,health,andecologicalresources.Un-dertheleadershipoftheMinistryofEnvironment,ForestandClimateChange(MoEFCC)Indiaiscommittedtotackleclimatechangethroughmultiplepoliticalinitiatives.TheNationalActionPlanonClimateChange(NAPCC)waslaunchedinJune2008asanationalstrategyandallIndianstatesweredirectedtopreparetheirStateActionPlanonClimateChange(SAPCC).Also,therecentIndia’sIntendedNationallyDeterminedContributions(INDCs)aretestimonytothecommitmentandresponsibilityofconfrontingclimatechange.Indiaiswellpositionedtodealwiththecomplexnatureofclimatechangethroughahighlyskilledinstitutionallandscape.

Inthelast25years,IndiaandGermanyhavestrengthenedandbroadenedthroughmultipleinitiativestheircooperationandstrongpartnershiponclimatechange.Itcontinuestointensifyitscooperationindevelopingclimate-friendlyandsustainablesolutionsforIndia’sexpandingenergyandotherneeds.TheGermanFederalMinistryforEconomicCooperationandDevelopment(BMZ)cooperatestechnicallyandfinanciallyonclimatechangemitigationandadapta-tionmeasures.ThecooperationhassupportedtheimplementationoftheStateActionPlansonClimateChange,promotionofinvestmentsinnaturalresourcemanagementandurbanenvironmentprotection,climatechangeadaptationandmitigationandintroductionofinnovativegreentechnologies.Manyoftheareas

Preface


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ofcollaborationareinsectorsthathaveagreatpotentialtomitigategreenhousegasemissionsfromenergy,industryandforestry.

IntherecentIndo-Germanannualnegotiationsondevelopmentcooperation–heldinSeptember2015–1.5billionEURhavebeencommittedtowardsvariousbi-lateraltechnicalandfinancialprojects.EightypercentoftheseprojectswillsupportIndiainadaptingtoandmitigatingofclimatechange.Additionally,theimplementationoftheGreenEnergyCorridorPartnershipisunderwaywith1.15billionEurosfinancialcommitmentfromGermany.IntheIndo-GermanJointDeclarationonClimateChangeandEnergyTechnologyCooperation,IndianPrimeMinisterNarendraModiandGermanChancellorAngelaMerkelcommit-tedtoenhancingandfosteringjointsolutionsinthefieldofclimatechangeandsustainabledevelopmentthroughinitiativessuchastheIndo-GermanClimateandRenewableAlliance.Theallianceisacomprehensivepartnershipaimedatharnessingtechnology,fosteringinnovationandmakingfinanceforcleanandrenewableenergyaccessibleandaffordable.Boththecountriesstressedthatadap-tationtoclimatechangemustbeacentralpartofabalancedParisAgreementandwillendeavourtocontinuetheirlong-lastingcooperationinintegratingadapta-tionintonationalandstatedevelopmentplanningandaction.

Thebrochurecapturesthebroadcanvasofalong-lastingIndo-Germanbilateralcooperationintheareaofclimatechangeadaptationandmitigation.IamcertainthatthisdocumentwillprovideaninsightintoourcooperationwithIndiawhilealsostimulatingideasforfutureengagement.

Dr.MartinNeyAmbassadoroftheFederalRepublicofGermanytotheRepublicofIndia

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The5thAssessmentreportofIntergovernmentalPanel,releasedin2014,onClimateChange(IPCC)hasconcludedthatwarmingintheclimatesystemismainlycausedbyhumaninfluence.Thereporthighlightedawarmingof0.850Cduring1882-2012andariseofsealevelby0.19mduring1901-2010.Thisimpactsfreshwateravail-ability,oceanicacidification,foodproduction,floodingofcoastalareasandincreaseintheincidenceofvectorandwaterbornediseases--allofwhichareassociatedwithextremeweatherevents.Ithasbeenprojectedthatcontinuedemissionofgreenhousegases(GHG)willcausefurtherwarmingandlong-lastingchangesinallcomponentsoftheclimatesystem,increasingthelikelihoodofsevere,pervasiveandirreversibleimpactonpeopleandtheirecosystems.

Adaptationandmitigationmeasurestoclimatechangearecomplementarystrategiesforreducingandmanagingtherisksofclimatechange.SubstantialGHGemissionreductioncanlessenthesusceptibilityofclimaterisks,enhanceprospectsforeffectiveadap-tation,andinthelongtermreducethecostsandchal-lengesofmitigation,whilecontributingtoclimate-resilientpathwaysforsustainabledevelopment.

Indiawithitsdiverseagro-climaticzonesisparticu-larlyvulnerabletoclimatechange.Itisoneamongstthevariousotherchallengesfacedbythenation,alongwithincreasingpopulation,povertyandenvironmentaldegradation.AspertheSecondNationalCommunication--submittedtotheUnitedNationsFrame-workConventiononClimateChange(UNFCCC)byGovernmentofIndia--itisprojectedthattheannualmeansurfaceairtemperaturemayrisefrom3.5°Cto4.3°CwhilethesealevelalongtheIndiancoastisestimatedtorisetoabout1.3mm/yearbytheendofthecentury.Theseclimatechangeprojectionscanadverselyaffectthecountry’shumanhealthandkeyeconomicsectorssuchasagriculture,water,naturaleco-systemsandbiodiversity.

The Challenge of Climate Change


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IndiaisimplementingtheNa-tionalActionPlanonClimateChangeorNAPCC.TheNAPCCidentifiesmeasurestopromotethecountry’sdevelopmentalobjectiveswhilehelpingaddressclimatechangeissueseffectively.

TheNAPCCincludeseightna-tionalmissionsinspecificareasofrenewableenergy,energyefficien-cy,habitat,water,sustainingtheHimalayaneco-system,forestry,

agriculture,andstrengtheningscientificknowledgeonclimatechange.State/UnionTerritorygovernmentshavealsopreparedtheirStateActionPlanonClimateChange(SAPCC)whichisinlinewiththeobjectivesofNAPCC.SAPCCsaddresstheprioritiesofstate/UnionTerritories(UT)whilecreatinganenablingenvironmentfortheimplementationofNAPCC.TheseactionplansandotherclimatechangeaspectsareoverseenandsteeredbythePrimeMinister’sCouncilonClimateChange,setupin2007andreconstitutedinFebruary2015.

InIndia,theGermanDevelopmentCooperationisadoptingamulti-levelapproachtocombattherisksofclimatechange.Wegivepolicyadviceatthena-tionalandstatelevels-includingprepa-rationandimplementationofSAPCCs;implementingprojectsonmitigationandadaptationanddeveloping&testingin-novativeapproachesandtechniques.

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GIZ,actingonbehalfoftheGermanFederalGovernmentandotherclients,supportspartnercountriesinimplementingtheFrameworkConventiononClimateChange.Itaimstoreduceemissionsofgreenhousegasesandadapttotheconsequencesofclimatechange.Thiscallsforatransformativechangethatmustbestrengthenedbythecombinedsupportofpolicy-makers,civilsocietyandtheprivatesector.GIZadvisesonusefulapproachesandinvestments.Italsoimplementsclimatepolicyguidelinesthroughawiderangeofpracticalmeasuresinthepartnercountries.

Technical Cooperation GIZ Approach to Tackling Climate Change

Applying a Climate Lens

Toensuresustainabledevelopmentdespitetheclimatechangeimpacts,GIZdevelopstheEnvironmentandClimateAssessmentforprojectsandprogrammes,andcarriesoutClimateProofingofstrategies,investments,andpolicies.Thisensuresthatcli-matechangeisconsideredduringtheprojectdesignandimplementation.Italsodefineswhereinnovationisnec-essary.Thesemethodsarefield-testedandtrustedbyGIZandareadjustedforadaptation.


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Disseminating Tried and Trusted Techniques

Goodexamplesofsometriedandtrustedtechniquesinthefieldofmitigationare:thepromotionofrenewableenergies,energyefficiency,andforestconservation.Thisistruealsoforadaptationtoclimatechange,onceclimaterisksandsolutionshavebeenidentifiedandprioritised,itispossibletousefamiliartechniques,suchasefficientirrigationmethodsorplantingofmangroveforeststoprotectcoastalzones.Reinventingthewheelisnotnecessaryinmostinstances.

Building Alliances

GIZbuildsalliancesinitspartnercountriesandinternationallywithleadinginstitutionsfromthegovern-ment,andthescientificandbusinesssector.Itdevelopsinnovativesolu-tionsrightfromthestageofideationtoimplementationwhilejointlyworkingonitsefficientdissemina-tion.

Policy Advice

GIZprovidessupporttonational,regionalandlocalgovernments.Itgivespolicyadvicesuchascli-matestrategiesinadjustingsectoralpolicies,capacitydevelopmentandinstitutionbuilding.GIZalsohelpstocreatean‘enablingenvironment’forinvestmentsinclimatefriendlytechnologiesandfosterinnovationintheeconomicandprivatesector.ItprovidesnecessaryenvironmenttoparticipateintheexistingandupcomingframeworksofUNFCCCsuchasNAMAs.Ittransfersknowl-edgeandclimate-friendlytech-nologiestopartnercountrieswhilecreatingaroomforpoliticaldialogueonresultsofresearchandexperienceswithclimatechangestrategies.

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Capacity Development

GIZisdedicatedtowardsdevelopingcapacitiesandcompetenciesofthoseworkinginthecontextofclimatechange.Itenablesalearningandexchangeprocessandstrengthensthedecision-makingabilitiesofindividu-als,organisationsandsocieties.

ICT for effective knowledge man-agement

GIZisactiveinthefieldofICTtofacilitatesharingoflearningandknowledgearoundclimatechangeadaptation.Itprovidesinteractiveplatformsfordifferentstakehold-ersthathelpinsynergisingpolicies,research,innovationsandadaptationchallengesfacedbyruralcommuni-ties.

GIZ PRINCIPLES FOR CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION AND MITIGATION

Innovation where necessary, dissemination where possible, working hand-in-hand with strong alliance partners: are the core guiding principles of GIZ so as to make effective contributions in tackling the global challenge of climate change. GIZ builds on its strengths and successful approaches of policy advice and capacity development.


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Therearemanyproventechniquesandwaystoreducegreenhousegas(GHG)emissions.GIZcooperateswithinstitu-tionsandpartnercountrygovernmentsindevelopingappropriatesectoralpoliciesandmeasures.

Power,industry,habitatandforestsareamongstthechiefsectorsthatcancon-tributetoreductionsincarbonemission.Thishasbeenstatedinthesubmitted‘In-tendedNationallyDeterminedContribu-tion(INDC)’oftheIndianGovernmenttotheUNFCCC,thathighlightsplanneddomesticandinternationallysupportedclimateaction.

ManyinitiativesarejointlyimplementedbytheIndianGovernment,theprivatesectorandGIZfocussingonthemitiga-tionofGHG.TheseinitiativescontributetotheIndianNationalActionPlanonClimateChange(NAPCC)withitsfivemissionsthatlookat:increasingsolarcapacity,enhancingenergyefficiency,ensuringsustainablehabitat,expandingtheforestcoverandimprovingstrategicknowledge.

ThereisanincreasedfocusonNation-allyAppropriateMitigationActions(NAMAs),andsectoralGHGmitigationactions.BotharekeytoIndia’ssustainabledevelopment.GIZandMoEFCChave

developedtwosuchproposalsforthewasteandforestrysector.Insyncwiththenationalpoliciesonclimatechange,GIZsupportsthedesignofmarket-basedsolu-tions(includingCDM)toreduceGHGsandpreparationofclimatechangeactionplansforcities.

Fromconnectingruralhouseholdstorenewableenergies,supportingenergyse-curityandenhancingtheenergyefficien-cyinMSMEstoenablingthePerform,AchieveandTrade(PAT)mechanismorimplementingtheEnergyConserva-tionAct,thepowersectorinIndiaplaysacrucialroleinmitigatingGHGs.GIZworkscloselywiththeIndianGovern-mentondecreasingIndia’sdependencyonfossilfuels.

GIZworkswithdifferentministries,busi-nessesandinstitutions,todevelopwaysinreducingGHGemissionsinthefollowingareas:• Renewableenergy• Energyefficiency• Industry• CarbonMarkets• Nationallyappropriatemitigationac-

tions,frameworkandconcepts• Incentivesforeconomicandprivate

agentstoinvestinmitigation• Demand-sidemanagement• Urbanhabitatandwastemanagement

Mitigation – Reducing Emissions

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Proactivemeasurestodealwithclimatevariabilityandchangecansubstantiallyreducemanyoftheadverseimpactsofclimatechangeonhumanbeingsandnaturalsystems.Adaptationcomprisesawiderangeofbehavioural,structuralandtechno-logicaladjustments.GIZworkswithitspartnersonadaptationatalllevels.Itworkstoraiseawarenessforclimatechangeimpactsandtheneedforadaptation,enhancecapacitiestodealwiththeadverseimpactsofclimatechange,andimplementtechnicalad-aptationmeasures.Examplesoftech-nicalmeasuresincludediversifyinglivelihoods,buildingflooddefencesandalteringfarmingpractices(e.g.shiftingtomoreheatanddrought-re-sistantcrops).Adaptationalsomeansexaminingpolicies,programmesandinvestmentswithregardtoclimatechangevulnerabilityandmodifyingthem,ifnecessary.

InIndia,GIZcollaborateswithna-tional,state,andlocalgovernments,vulnerableandaffectedcommuni-ties,scientificinstitutions,privatesectortoadjusttoachangingclimate.Throughtheseactivitiescontribu-tionsaremadeto:theNationalWaterMission,theNationalMissionfor

Adaptation - Preparation for Change

SustainingtheHimalayanEcosystem,theNationalMissionforSustainableAgricultureandtheNationalMissiononStrategicKnowledgeforClimateChangeoftheIndianNationalAc-tionPlanonClimateChange.

GIZiscurrentlyengagedinpart-nershipstoaddresstheimpactsofclimatechangeinthefollowinginitiatives:• State-levelvulnerabilityandrisk

assessments• StateActionPlansonClimate

Change• Technicaladaptationmeasures

• Climatefinance• ClimateProofingtoassessrisks

andidentifynecessaryadaptationmeasures

• Humancapacitybuildingthroughorientationpro-grammes,trainingsandnetworks

• InformationandKnowledgeManagementforadaptation

GIZalsoengagesinavarietyofactivitiesthatpromotesustainableenvironmentalmanagement,suchaswatershedmanagementandenhanc-ingsustainable,naturalresource-basedlivelihoods.


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WithinGermanDevelopmentCooperation,KFW(DevelopmentBank)isresponsiblefortheexecutionofFinancialCooperation.ItextendsconcessionalfundingandgrantstoIndianpartnersforinvestmentfinancingandrelatedconsultancyservices.AnnualprojectfundingcommitmentsforclimatechangerelatedinvestmentsinIndiahavebeenincreasingcontinuouslyovertheyearsandhasreachedEUR700mil-lion(INR5000crore)in2014.Theconcessionalresourcesareprovided

Financial Cooperation KfW Support to Climate Change related Investments in India

bytheGermangovernmentthroughKfW.

Financialcooperationfollowsthestrategicdirectionof:mitigatingtheavoidablechange,adaptingtotheunavoidable.ItiswellknownthatIn-diafacesseverechallengesduetoex-pectedclimatechangeandisrankedasoneofthehighlyvulnerablecoun-tries.Atthesametime,India’senergyconsumptionisknowntoexpandexponentiallyinthecomingdecades,andmostoftheenergyinfrastructurestillneedstobebuilt.Thisopens

enormousopportunitiesforlow-car-boninvestments,takingadvantageofnationalandinternationaltechnol-ogydevelopmentsandcostreduc-tiontrends.Indiaisexpandinginalldirections:economicgrowth,urbanagglomerations,energyconsump-tion,infrastructure,andthusneedstoachieveevenhighereconomicgrowthratestoliftthelivingstandardofitssizeablepopulation.KfWassistsIndiainachievingthisinaclimatefriendlyway,andatasignificantscalebeyondpilotinvestments.

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Technical Cooperation

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TheCleanDevelopmentMechanismandJointImplementation(CDM/JI)initiativewascreatedin2008bytheBMUBtousetheavailableflexiblemechanisms(CDM/JI)topromotetheKyotoProtocolandtosupportactorsusingtheopportunitiesofthecarbonmarket.TheCDM/JI-Initia-tivehasadaptedtodevelopmentsintheinternationalcarbonmarketandinternationalclimatepolicy,aswellasthecommitmentoftheCDMhostcountriessince2008.ThefocusisnolongersolelyonthemobilisationofindividualCDMprojects,butalsoonacombinationofcarbonmarketactivitiesinlinewithclimatechangepoliciesofhostcountries.

Mitigating Greenhouse Gases

Global Carbon Markets

Theprojectseekstoimprovethecapacityofpublicdecision-makersandprivatesectorstakeholderstoincreasetheparticipationofcompa-niesinchannelisingexistingandnewcarbonmarketinstrumentsfortheimplementationofnationalclimateprotectionactivities.Currently,keyactivitiesincludesupportingtheNationalCleanDevelopmentMechanismAuthority(NCDMA)oftheMoEFCCinapprovingprojectproposalsandmanagingtheIndianCDMportfolio,researchandanalysisfornewcarbonmarketinstrumentsaswellasextensivestakeholderengage-ment,capacitybuildingandknowl-edgemanagement.

TheprojecthassuccessfullycreatedawarenessamongstCDMprojectdevelopers,supportedtheNCDMAinrevisingitsCDMHostCountryApprovalprocessanddevelopedamanagementinformationsystemforthesame.IthasevaluatedtheIndiancarbonmarketandanalysedsustain-abledevelopmentimpactsofCDMprojects,developedanumberofin-novativecarbonmitigationandtrad-ingtools(VCSforREDD+,GreenFreight,CSR)andparticipatedandcontributedtonumeroushigh-leveleventsinAsiaandEurope.

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Internationallytherehasbeenagrow-ingattentiontowardsapromisingnewinstrumentcalled‘NationallyAppropriateMitigationActions’,orNAMAs.NAMAsaimatreducinggreenhousegas(GHG)emissionswhilefosteringsustainabledevelop-mentindevelopingandemergingcountries.DevelopedduringtheUNFCCCnegotiations,theyaimatdenotingplannedandvoluntaryGHGmitigationactionsincountriesthatdonothavelegallybindingemis-sionreductioncommitments.

IntheIndiancontext,NAMAsoffer

Mitigating Greenhouse Gases//

Development and Management of Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMA) in India

apromisingopportunitytosupporttheGovernmentinlinkingsociallyandecologicallyacceptableeconomicgrowthwithgreenhousegasmitiga-tion.NAMAscanserveasproposalstoaccessinternationalsupport,intheformofcapacitybuilding,technol-ogytransferorfinancessuchastheGreenClimateFund.Thisway,theso-called‘unilateralNAMAs’(ordo-mesticGHG-mitigationactions)willbecome‘internationallysupportedNAMAs’,whichmayincreaseacoun-try’smitigationambitionandalsodecreasefutureGHGemissions.GIZ

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supportstheMoEFCCthroughoutthedevelopmentofitsfirstNAMAproposals.

TheoverallobjectiveofthisIndo-Germancooperationproject,fundedbytheGermanFederalMinistryfortheEnvironment,NatureConserva-tion,BuildingandNuclearSafety(BMUB)andimplementedbyGIZ,isthattheIndianGovernmentusesNAMAsasanoptionforthemitigationofgreenhousegases.Also,MoEFCCprovidestechnicalsupportthroughaNAMAcoordinationcell.TheprojecthasastrongcapacitydevelopmentfocusandprovidestechnicalsupporttodevelopthefirstNAMAsinthesectors--wasteandforestry.Further,theprojectsup-portstheMoEFCCindevelopingaNAMA-ManualforIndiainordertoprovideguidanceforfutureNAMAdevelopmentsforline-ministriesandotherstakeholders.ToensurenationalappropriatenessandinordertobuildtheneededsupportfortheimplementationofNAMAs,theprojectischaracterisedbyamulti-stakeholderdrivenprocess.

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NAMA supporting the processing and disposal of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW)India generates 144.000 tonnes per day of MSW and out of which less than 20% are scientifically treated. As we found in a feasibility study, under a BAU scenario the greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) of MSW will more than double in the next 15 years, from roughly 19 million to to 41 million tCO2eq in 2030, while cities above 1 million inhabitants will contribute over half of the total emissions in 2030.

The sector has significant GHG emission reduction potential and high environmental, health and social

co-benefits. Our study concludes that the three best-performing mitigation technology options for the NAMA include ‘RDF for co-processing in cement plants’, ‘composting’ and ‘biomethanation’ while ‘waste treatment incentives with technology-differentiated results-based payments’ scored high under policy-based instruments. All options can be implemented in the Indian context and are in line with flagship programmes like the Swatch Bharat Mission, Smart Cities and the Waste to Wealth Mission under the NAPCC.

The NAMA for international support shall be based on one technology-based option combined with a fiscal policy-based instrument and will contribute to meet the INDC goal of reducing the GHG emission from the waste sector.


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Resource EfficiencyFostering Resource Efficiency and Sustainable Management of Secondary Raw Materials

Indiaisarapidlygrowingeconomy.Inrecentyears,ithasseenchanginglifestylesthatisleadingtodispropor-tionateuseofexistingresources.Indiaisexpectedtohavetheworld’sthirdlargestconsumergroupbytheyear2020-withaconsumptionshareof13%.Withescalatingconsumptionpatterns,thedemandforresourcesisonlypointingupwards.Itmayleadtostressingofoureconomic,environmentconditionsandaccesstoresources.Resourceefficiencythroughmaterial-efficientproductionpro-cesseshassofarnotbeenadequatelyexploredbytheIndianindustry,particularly,theSmallandMediumEnterprises(SMEs).

TheGermanFederalMinistryofEnvironment,NatureConserva-tion,BuildingandNuclearSafety(BMUB),underitsInternationalClimateInitiative(IKI),commis-sionedGIZtojointlyimplementwiththeIndianMinistryofEnviron-ment,ForestandClimateChange(MoEFCC)athreeyearproject.Thefocusoftheinitiativeisonresourceefficientutilisationofrawmaterials,

especiallymineralsandmetals,sincetheyarerequiredbythefastgrowingindustryandarecriticaltotheIndianeconomy.TheprojectaimstoenablekeyIndianinstitutions,responsiblefortheformulationofenvironment,climate,andindustryandresourcespolicy,toaidandestablishinsti-tutionalframeworksthatimproveresourceefficiency.Theprojectalsohighlightsthelinkbetweencon-servingresourcesandrecyclingrawmaterials,whilesimultaneouslysavingcosts.ItthusstrengthensthecompetitivenessofindustriesandmeetsIndia’sfuturedemandforresources.TheprimaryfocalareasidentifiedaretheConstructionandDemolition(C&D)andAutomo-tivesectors.Thisisduetotheirhighvolumeofresourceconsumptionandhighexpectedgrowthrates.

Theprojectaimstoachievethefol-lowing:

• Creationofknowledgethroughmarketassessmentstounderstandthematerialusageandidentifyopportunitiesandchallengesfor

reuseofsecondarymaterialsintheproductionprocess.

• Demonstrateandlearnfromtheimplementationoftheidentifiedpilotsinspecificsectorsforresourceefficientproductionandreuseofsecondarymaterials.

• InstallationoftheIndianResourcePanel(InRP)toadvocatepolicyrecommendationsforresourceefficientproductionandusageofsecondaryrawmaterialthatareconsideredandadoptedbytheIndiangovernment.

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Eco-Industrial Parks

Industriesareoneofthemajorcon-tributorstoclimatechangeandwithover330industrialparks,AndhraPradeshandTelanganaareoneoftheleadingindustrialisedstatesofIndia.Thepreliminaryestimatesfromfourexistingparksquantifyemissionsatapprox.2.1–3.5milliontonnesofcarbondioxideequivalents(CO2eq.)peryearandfortwonewparksatabout18milliontonnesofCO2eq.,asperthefiguresofAndhraPradeshIndustrialInfrastructureCorporationLtd.releasedin2010.Intheyear2010,theAndhraPradeshIndustrialInfrastructureCorporationLtd.andGIZhaveinitiatedactionstoconvertexistingindustrialparksintoeco-industrialparkswithfundingfromtheGermanFederalMinistryofEnvironment,NatureConservationandNuclearSafety.ForanewSpecialEconomicZone,environmentalandclimateissueswereincorporatedinelaboratesitemasterplanning.Thepotentialforgreenhousegasemis-sionreductionswasestimatedtobeconsiderableintheindustriesandin-dustrialparksandifallthecalculatedpotentialsofvariousdemonstratedactivitieswouldbefullytapped,CO2equivalentsof3,844,193tonsper

yearcouldbereduced.TheactivitieshavethepotentialforreplicationinotherpartsofIndia,especiallythosethatarefastindustrialisingsuchasthestateofGujarat

Intheyear2011,fortheindustrialestateofNarodainGujarat,com-missioningofwhichdatesbackto1960’s,climatechangevulnerabilityassessmentandadaptationstudieswereundertakeninselectedindus-triesandforthewholeofindustrialestate.ThiswasdoneundertheGIZ’sAdvisoryServicesinEnvironmentalManagementProgramme.Climatechangeadaptationplanstooweredeveloped.

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Attheindividualindustrylevel,‘Ecoprofit’-toolwasappliedforachievingecologicalandeconomicbenefitsinindividualindustriesin14smallandmediumenterprisesinHyderabad.TheSTENUMEnvi-ronmentalConsultingandResearchCompanyGmbHfromAustriastartedEcoprofitinEuropeinearly1990.InIndia,GIZAdvisorySer-viceinEnvironmentManagementprogramme,fundedbytheGermanFederalMinistryfortheEnvironmen-tal,NatureConservationandNuclearSafety,STENUMGmbH,andlocalandinternationalconsultantshavebeenworkingontheimplementa-tionoftheclusterbasedEcoprofittoolinindividualindustrylevel(withSME’sandMSME)since2006.Thetoolhelpsinenhancingtheefficiencyofindustries,reducingthedemandforrawmaterialsandenergy,andminimisingassociatedenvironmentalimpactsbyworkingonemissions,effluentsandwastescontrol.Italsobuildsthecapacitiesoftheindustrialteams.Thetoolthusenablesthegoalsofsustainabledevelopment.Themainfocusoftheprogrammewastosetupacompetentteamofthreetofour

Eco-Industrial Parks //

Ecoprofit

employeesfromtheparticipatingindustriessoastoundertakestepbystepprocessimprovements,includingapplicationofcleanerproductionandpreventiveenvironmentalapproachetc.Ecoprofitisbundledwithtrain-ingtools,interactiveexercises,onsiteassistance/consultation,andwork-ingouteconomicandenvironmentsavings.Finally,projectevaluationofparticipatingcompaniesrevealsthatcompaniesareabletoutilisetheirresources(rawmaterials,productionstreams,energy,wateretc)optimally.

TheyarealsoabletostrengthentheindustrysectorbyusingEcoprofittoolsandinfuturetheyareabletominimiseindustrywasteinallpos-siblestreams.

Sofar,theseactivitieshavebroughtinsavingsofover25millionrupeestotheindustries,whichincludesav-ingsofabout836,000kWh/yearofelectricity,2,804tons/yearofcoal,11,638tonsoffurnaceoil,18,158kl/yearofwaterand300tons/yearofmaterials(primarilytyretubes).

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Urban Climate Change

Cities and Climate Change Training and ‘Sustainable Urban Habitat Action Plan’

Climatechangehasbecomeapress-ingconcernbecauseofhumanbe-haviourandtheimpactithasonourenvironment.Climatechangeisfeltbothataregionallevelandatacitylevel.Mostoftencitygovernmentsfeelthatclimatechangeisalargerissuebeyondthepurviewofthelocalgovernments,whereasinthepresentcontext,climatechangeisasmuchalocalphenomenonasitisaglobalconcern.Thusitneedstobelookedatfromalllevels.

Toaddressthisgap,GovernmentofIndialaunchedtheNationalMissiononSustainableHabitat(NMSH)undertheMinistryofUrbanDe-velopment(MoUD)in2008.Themissionexaminesthechallengesfacedbyurbanlocalbodiesduetoclimatechangethroughvariousmitigationandadaptationmeasures.Thesectorsincludemunicipalsolidwaste,watersupply,urbantransport,buildingenergyefficiency,urbanplanningandstormwaterdrainage.Capacitybuild-ingisalsoanimportantaspectofthemission.

Asurbanclimatechangeissubjec-tive,theknowledgeandawarenessrigourintheurbansectorinstitutionsbothatstateandcitylevelinIndiawasminimal.ThisresultedinpoorimplementationofNMSHincities.Perceivingthisgapinunderstanding,planningandimplementation,GIZundertheIndoGermanEnviron-mentPartnership(IGEP)Programmeinitiatedtwosteps.

IGEPsupportedthedevelopmentofthe‘CitiesandClimateChange’trainingforurbanofficialsatthecityandstatelevelundertheGIZTUE-WASsectornetworktitled‘CitiesandClimateChange’.Thistrainingwasenhancedbythehelpofaudio-visualmaterialonIndiangoodpractices.ThetrainingwasinstitutionalisedatalocaltraininginstituteMEETRAinNashik,Maharashtra.OfficialsfromStateofMaharashtraandNashikMunicipalCorporationattendedthetraining.

Asasteptowardsimplementingurbanclimaterelatedactions,GIZ-IGEPsupportedNashikMunicipal

Corporation(NMC)inpreparingthefirstclimateactionplan,calledtheSustainableUrbanHabitatActionPlan(SUHAP).ThiswasbasedontheNationalMissiononSustainableHabitat(NMSH).SUHAPassessesbothmitigationandadaptationre-latedclimaterisksandidentifiesanappropriatemixofactionsforreduc-ingtheirimpacts.SUHAPrecom-mendationshavebeenincorporatedintherevisedCityDevelopmentPlan.Implementationoftheidenti-fiedmeasuresisplannedthroughNMC’sownfundsandthroughfundsofexternalagencieslikeGIZandRockfeller.FundingisalsoforeseenunderthenewlylaunchedGovern-mentofIndiaschemes,namely,theAtalMissionforRejuvenationofUrbanTransformation(AMRUT)andtheSmartCitiesMission

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Climate Change Adaptation for Industrial Areas

• developmentofmethodologiesandguidelines,

• awareness-raisingandcapacitydevelopment,

• policymainstreamingandup-scaling,supportplanningandimplementationofindustrialareas.

Theprojectcooperateswithpartnerslike:DisasterManagement

TheprojectClimateChangeAdaptationforIndustrialAreasisbeingimplementedinthetwostatesofTelanganaandAndhraPradesh.ItwillsupporttheAndhraPradeshIndustrialInfrastructureCorporation(APIIC)andTelanganaStateIndustrialInfrastructureCorporation(TSIIC),whichtogetheradministrateover330industrialareas.Theprojectwillassistthesetwoinstitutionstoimplementclimatechangeadaptationmeasuresintheindustrialareasandtoovercometheassociatednegativeimpactsandrisksforthecontinuationofproductionandbusinessesbyindustriesandfortheworkers.

Theoverallobjectiveoftheprojectisthatkeydecision-makersandplanningauthoritiesareabletoplananddesignexistingandnewindustrialareasinaclimate-resilientmanner.

WorkinggroupscomposedofIndianofficials,professionals,researchandtrainingexperts,usersfromindustriesandinternationalexpertswillbeestablishedcoveringthefollowinginterventionareasoftheproject:

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Authorities,ChiefInspectoratesofFactoriesandBoilers,theIndustrialAreasLocalAuthorities(IALAs),entrepreneursandindustrialassociations,suchastheAssociationofLadyEntrepreneursofAndhraPradesh(ALEAP),FederationofIndianChambersofCommerceandIndustry(FICCI).

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State Action Plans on Climate Change

TheGovernmentofIndiainitiatedtheprocessofpreparationoftheSAPCCin2009.Itaimedtomapregionalclimatevulnerability,exam-inefutureclimatechangeprojectionsandconcludesectoralimplicationsforchalkingoutactionablestrategies.MoEFCCandGIZNaturalResourceManagement(NRM),aspartoftheproject,‘ClimateChangeAdaptationinRuralAreasofIndia(CCA-RAI)’hasprovidedtechnicalassistanceforthepreparationoftheSAPCCsto16statesandtwoUnionTerritories(UTs)basedontherequestoftheMinistryofEnvironment,ForestandClimateChange(MoEFCC).

TheseareArunachalPradesh,Assam,Dadra&NagarHaveli,Daman&DiuAdministration,Gujarat,Hary-ana,Jammu&Kashmir,Manipur,Meghalaya,Mizoram,Nagaland,Punjab,Rajasthan,Sikkim,TamilNadu,Tripura,UttarPradeshandWestBengal.Outofthetotalsup-portedplans,14SAPCCshavebeenendorsedbyMoEFCCandrestoftheplansareundervariousstagesoffinalisation.

TheSAPCCshavebeendevelopedthroughaparticipatoryplanningpro-cessinvolvingallmajorstakeholdersthatincludegovernmentofficersfromvariouslinedepartments,policy-makers,institutions,academicians,non-governmentalorganisations,scientists,privatesector,civilsocietyandlocalcommunities.SAPCCincludesthecurrentandfuturestate’sclimatechangescenariosandthelikelyimpactsofclimatechangeonsectorssuchaswater,agriculture,energy,tourism,healthetc.Strate-gieswereidentifiedandprioritisedtoaddresstheissuesofthevulnerableareas,sectorsandcommunitiesandtheirassociatedrisks.

TooperationalisetheSAPCCs,MoEFCCrequestedGIZ-NRMtoprovidetechnicalassistanceforfor-mulatingproposalsforfundingundertheSAPCCsfor11statesandtwoUTs.ThesewereAndhraPradesh,Punjab,Puducherry,Telangana,Kar-nataka,Gujarat,Meghalaya,Hary-ana,Lakshadweep,Mizoram,Naga-land,TripuraandUttarPradesh.GIZinconsultationwithGovernmentofPunjab,Puducherry,Telangana,MeghalayaandKarnatakainitiatedprocessofproposaldevelopmentoftheprioritisedproject.GIZexpectstocompletetheworkofSAPCCpro-posaldevelopmentintherestofthestatesbytheendofJune,2016.

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Vulnerability AssessmentAssessingvulnerabilitytoclimatechangeiscrucialfordefiningtherisksitposes.Itprovidesastartpointforchalkingmeasurestoadapttochang-ingclimate,andefficientlyallocatefinancialandotherresourcestothemostvulnerablepeople,regionsandsectors.

Climatechangevulnerabilityas-sessmentsareusedtomonitorandevaluatethesuccessofadaptationmeasures.Theworkaroundvulner-abilityassessment(VA)formsanintegralpartoftheprojectClimateChangeAdaptationinRuralAreasofIndia(CCARAI).TheprojectcarriesoutsystematicVAexerciseswhichsupportacomprehensiveadaptiveplanningprocessatthelocalleveldemonstrationprojects,forpilot-ingadaptationmeasures,andalsoatregional(State)levelthroughclimateproofinggovernmentprogrammes.Whiletherearemanymethodolo-giesavailabletoassessrisksandthevulnerabilitytotheimpactsofclimatechange,agapbetweenglobalscenariosandlocalriskassessmentsexist.MoEFCCandGIZNRMpro-grammesupportedthedevelopmentofaVAapproachincooperation

withleadingIndianandinternationalinstitutions.Theapproachintegratesandsynthesisestheoutputsfromvari-oustop-downandbottom-upvulner-abilityassessmentmethodologies.

Top-downindicatorbasedvulnerabil-ityassessmentforthestateofMadhyaPradeshrevealedcurrentimpactsofclimatechangeandextentofvulner-abilityinacrosssevenmajorsectors--social,economic,agriculture,waterresource,forest,healthandclimate.Despitesomelimitationsofthemeth-odology,lackofadequatedataandinformationthroughclimatemodels,thestudyatthestatelevelhasbeenafirstofitskindinIndia.Theresultsbecamepartofthestate’sSAPCCand

arebeingusedbystatedepartmentsforformulatingadaptationstrategies.Thestudyispublishedas’Vulnerabil-ityAssessmentofMadhyaPradeshtowardsClimateChange’-undertheMoEF-GIZprojectonClimateChangeAdaptationinRuralAreasofIndia.”

CCARAIdemonstrationprojectsonclimatechangeadaptationcarriedoutbottom-upvulnerabilityassess-mentsintheirrespectiveprojectareas.TheresultsofthevulnerabilityassessmentswereusedbyNGOstodefineadaptationhypotheseswhiledesigningprojects.IntheprocesstheydevelopedadaptationfocusedonM&Eframeworks.

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Climate Proofing

Thesustainabilityofpublicpro-grammes,investments,oragriculturalvalue-chainsmaybeatriskduetoclimatechange.GIZhasdevel-opedthetoolClimateProofingforDevelopmenttoanalysewhetherintendedbenefitsofinvestmentsandgovernmentschemesoragricultural

IntheNorthEasternRegion,CCA-NER,ispartneringwiththeMinistryofDevelopmentofNorthEasternRegion(MoDoNER)tofocusonClimateChangeAdaptationin5partnerstates(Meghalaya,Nagaland,Mizoram,SikkimandArunachalPradesh).TheprojectassistsintheimplementationofselectedaspectsofprioritisedstrategiesoftheStateAc-tionPlansonClimateChangeinthewater,forestryandagriculturesectors.Thisinvolvestheanalysisofriskstoandopportunitiesforvaluechainsthatareeconomicallyimportantandalsopro-poor.

Adjusting Agricultural Value Chains

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productionlevelsarethreatenedbytheimpactsofclimatechange.GIZhasalreadyappliedthistoolinothercountries,suchasMali,Morocco,Niger,thePhilippinesandVietnam.Itdemonstratedthetool’svalueinde-velopingconcreteandfeasibleoptionstorespondtoclimaticchanges.


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Addressing Climate Risks in Watershed Development

ThesustainabledevelopmentandmanagementofwatershedsinIndiasignificantlycontributestoincreasingadaptivecapacitiesofruralcommuni-ties.However,ifclimatechangeisnotaccountedforintheplanningprocessofwatersheddevelopmentprojects,thesuccessandultimatelytheinvest-

mentsinthewatershedsmaybeatrisk.Withthetwinobjectiveofmax-imisingtheclimatechangeadaptationpotentialofwatersheddevelopmentaswellastomakepublicinvestmentsinwatershedmorerobust,theNa-tionalBankforAgricultureandRuralDevelopment(NABARD),withthesupportoftheGIZNaturalResourceManagementprogrammeandfund-ingbyGermanFederalMinistryforEconomicCooperationandDevelop-ment,pilotedClimateProofingintwoNABARDWatershedprojectsinthestatesofRajasthanandTamilNadu.TheGIZClimateProofingtoolhasbeencustomisedforNAB-ARD’sneedsthatarebasedontheirguidelinesforwatersheddevelopmentprogrammes.EntrypointsfortheapplicationoftheClimateProofingtool,intheplanningcycleoftheselectedwatershedprojects,havebeenidentifiedandappropriateadaptationoptionswereimplemented.

Climate Proofing//

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Climate Proofing//

Strengthening the Potential Environmental Benefits of MGNREGA

TheMahatmaGandhiNationalRuralEmploymentGuaranteeScheme(MGNREGS)worksundertheActarelargelyfocusedonlandandwaterresources,whichinclude:waterharvestingandconservation,soilconservationandprotection,irriga-tionprovisioningandimprovement,renovationoftraditionalwaterbod-ies,landdevelopmentanddroughtproofing.Ithasimmensepotentialtogenerateenvironmentalbenefits.Un-dertheIndoGermanbilateralcoop-eration,GIZissupportingMinistryofRuralDevelopment(MoRD)toharnesssuchenvironmentalbenefitsoftheMGNREGAworksbyofferingtechnicalassistanceinthreepartnerstatesnamelyRajasthan,Chhattis-

garhandAndhraPradesh.Thekeyinterventionsare:

• Generateandcreateaccesstoinformationonnaturalresources,productionsystems,environmentalimpactsofMGNREGSworksandtoassistinthevillage-levelresourceplanning,designingandimplementation.

• DemonstratetechnicallysoundMGNREGSworkstogeneratedurableassetsandtherebystrengthenenvironmentalbenefits.

• DevelopanddemonstratemechanismstopromotemaintenanceandmanagementofassetscreatedunderMGNREGS.

• IdentifycapacitydevelopmentneedsofGramSabhas,GramPanchayatsandlocalMGNREGSadministrators,developguidelinesandapproachesforenhancingcapacityanddemonstrateinselectedlocations.

• Developguidelinesandapproachesformonitoringenvironmentalbenefitsgenerated

throughMGNREGSworks.Assess,suggestanddemonstratetheinstitutionalarrangementsandmanagementsystemstooptimisetheflowofsustainedsocio-economicandenvironmentalbenefits,.

• DevelopanddemonstrateastrategyfordiversifyingemploymentandlivelihoodsourcesunderMGNERGS,toenhancetheresilienceofruralcommunitiestocurrentclimaterisksandbuildadaptivecapacitytocopewithlong-termclimatechange.

Withthistechnicalassistanceatpilotsites(13GramPanchayats)inthreestates,GIZaimstocreateenviron-mentallysoundandreplicablemodelsofassets.MGNREGAisIndia’sflagshipschemeinruralemploymentguarantee–aoneofitskindglobally.

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Climate Change Adaptation Finance

MoEFCCandGIZNaturalResourceManagementaspartoftheproject‘CCA-RAI’demonstratedthreeprojectslocatedinMadhyaPradesh,TamilNaduandWestBengal,whichhaveseizedfinanceofUSD5.5millionfromtheAdaptationFundBoardundertheUNFCCCforupscalingtheprojectactivities.GIZ-NRMprogrammehasalsosupportedstategovernments/NGOsintheprocessofproposaldevelopmentforsubmissiontotheAFB(AdaptationFundboard)foraccessingfinance.

GIZalsosupportedintheaccredita-tionprocessofNABARDastheNIEforGreenClimateFundforaccessingclimatechangeadaptationandmiti-gationfinanceforthestatesofIndia.

inIndia.AnideaofalaunchingschemeonClimateChangewasfirstproposedintheyear2010.Athematicschemetitled‘ClimateChangeActionProgramme(CCAP)’withanobjectivetocreateandstrengthenthescientificandanalyticalcapacityforassessmentofclimatechangeandsupportingtheimplementationofclimatechangeactionsinthecountry,wasapprovedin2014withatotalbudgetaryprovisionofRs.290crore(EUR41million)forfiveyears.Subsequently,a‘NationalAdaptationFundforClimateChange’wassetupin2014-15,tosupportclimatechangeadaptationactionsinsectorslikeagriculture,water,forestryetc.AbudgetaryprovisionofRs.350crores(EUR49million)for2015-16hasbeenallocated.IntheinternationalfronttherearetwomajorfundsforadaptationwhichareAdaptationFundandGreenClimateFund.InIndiaNABARDistheNationalImplementingEntity(NIE)foraccessingfinanceunderthedirectaccessrouteforboththefunds.GIZIndiaisprovidingtechnicalsupportto11statesandtwoUTsforaccessingfinancesfromthesesources.

Fundingfordesigningandimplementingclimatechangeadaptationandmitigationplans/projectsisacomplexpolicyissueandisamatterofintensedebateinthemultilateralnegotiationsundertheUNFCCCforcountrieslikeIndia.AspertheprojectionstudyconductedbytheUNFCCC,worldwideatotaladditionalinvestmentofUS$200-210billionisrequiredby2030toreturnGreenHouseGases(GHG)emissionstothecurrentlevel,whereasforadaptation,itisestimatedtobeUS$60-182billion,whichincludesanexpenditureofUS$28-67billionfordevelopingcountries.

Before2010,therewerenotmanydedicatedfundingwindowstosupportclimatechangeactivities

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SEWOH : ‘One World – No Hunger’ initiative of German Government : Three programmes in India

The Global initiative ‘One World – No Hunger’ was started by the German Ministry of Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ) in 2014. It aims to address some of the greatest challenges faced by humankind. Worldwide, almost two billion people lack daily food for leading a dignified, healthy and productive life. Spread across 13 countries, this global Initiative addresses six intervention areas, namely

• Food and nutrition security,

• Enhance resilience to prevent famine,

• Promote innovation,

• Promote socially and environmentally sound structural change in rural areas,

• Promote the protection and sustainable use of natural resources in rural areas,

• Promote responsible land use and access to land.

Under this initiative implemented by GIZ, India is part of three global programmes. These are :

1. Innovation Centres in the Agricultural and Food Sector: The project aims to use innovations in the agricultural and food sector to boost the incomes of smallholder farmers, create more employment opportunities, and to increase regional food supplies in the project’s rural target areas. The project will work with a whole range of private-sector and public-sector organisations in the agricultural and food sector, including non-governmental organisations, enterprises, national and international associations, and farmers’ organisations such as producer groups and cooperatives.

2. Food and Nutrition Security: The programme aims to improve food situation and resilience to food crises for the main target group comprising of women of child-bearing age, pregnant women, nursing mothers and small children. It forms the basis for enhancing the economic and social development of families and societies in general. Also, the programme supports the India government‘s efforts towards Scaling Up Nutrition (SUN) movement. It contributes directly to global efforts towards food security, in the implementation of the Second International Conference on Nutrition (ICN2) in 2014, which was initiated by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO).

3. Soil Protection and Rehabilitation for Food Security: The programme will promote soil conservation measures in about 4000 ha of land in selected states of India to improve crop productivity. It will also facilitate scientific cooperation and knowledge exchange among the practitioners and policymakers at the national and the international level. Land degradation is a topic of high relevance for India’s food security agenda. Indian governments at national and state level show strong commitment to tackle land degradation. India has a rich experience in addressing food security and management of land resources, thus providing cross learning opportunities among the countries.

All three programmes promote networking between local innovation partners for faster and wider dissemination of innovations and learnings among the participating countries. Innovations may be technical – such as the mechanisation of agriculture, improved seed etc. However, in many cases the focus is on new paths for cooperation. Private enterprises and civil society – in Germany and the partner countries – also have a role to play in innovation partnerships.

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Loss and Damage

Weatherandclimate-relatedlossanddamagehaveincreasedexponentiallyinthelastfewdecades.Recentprojectionsinclimateresearchsaythatasignificantincreaseinthefrequencyandintensityofextremeweatherevents,aswellasslow-onsetclimate-relatedchanges,islikely.ThisposesagrowingfinancialrisktothesustainabledevelopmentagendaofparticularlydevelopingcountrieslikeIndia.Asaresultofthesecriticaldevelopmentsandrisingconcerns,thetopicofclimatechange-relatedlossanddamage(L&D)hastakenoncenter-stageintheclimatenegotiationsundertheUnitedNationsFrameworkConventionon

sectoralexperiencesfromthestatesofTamilNaduandOdhisa.ThiswillhelpingeneratingknowledgebasedapproachestoaddressL&Dassociatedwithslowonset/rapidclimatechangeeventsinsectors/subsectorsandstatesthatarevulnerabletotheadverseeffectsofclimatechange.

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TClimateChange(UNFCCC).ItisexpectedthattherewillbegreateremphasisonadaptationandL&DinthenewclimateagreementthatistobenegotiatedinParisbyendof2015.CurrentlythereisnocommonlyaccepteddefinitiononL&Dinplace,norcommonlyacknowledgedconceptsorinstrumentstoquantifyeconomicandnon-economiclossanddamage.ForIndiaitisimportanttodeterminetherisksanddeveloptoolsandmethodstoaddresstheminordertoachievesustainablegrowth.

GIZisconductingapilotstudytodevelopadetailedtechnicalpaperonlossanddamageforIndiabytaking

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Learning about Adaptation

GIZworkswithNABARDandKfWundertheUPNRMpro-grammeandpromotesloan-basedmodelsforclimatechangeadapta-tions.Share4Changeisaweb-basedplatformthatenablescrosslearningsandexchangesofknowledgeacrossvariousactorsinvolvedinthepro-gramme.

Theproject,ClimateChangeKnowl-edgeNetworkinIndianAgriculture

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(CCKNIA),workswiththeMinistryofAgriculturetoestablishanICT-en-ablednetworkformanagingknowl-edgeonclimatechangeadaptationinIndianagriculture.Thisprovidesatwo-waycommunicationbetweenexperts,policymakersandfarmers,therebyensuringlocalised,timelyandqualityadvisoriesonclimatechangeadaptation.


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Climate Change Knowledge Network in Indian Agriculture (CCKN-IA)

Learning about Adaptation//

TheNationalMissionforSustain-ableAgriculture(NMSA)undertheMinistryofAgriculture(MoA),GovernmentofIndia,focusesonmainstreamingadaptationandmiti-gationmeasuresinongoingagricul-turalsectorprogrammes.Thisisdonetoensureeconomicstability,foodsecurityandsustainablelivelihood.

ClimateChangeKnowledgeNetworkinIndianAgriculture(CCKN-IA)isatechnicalcooperationprojectbetweenGIZandMoAthatensuresparticipationofstakeholdersatana-tional,stateanddistrictlevelthroughtheexchangeofupdated,qualityandtimelyadvisoriesonclimatechangeadaptation.ItcontributestotheoperationalisationofNMSA.

Theprojectisworkingonapilotbasis,inthreeIndianstates.CCKN-IAhasdevelopedanopensourceplat-formcalledNetworkforInformationonClimate(Ex)changeorNICE.Thisplatformfacilitateseffectiveandefficientknowledgeexchangeatalllevels.

Theprojectissteeredbynationalandstatelevelcommitteesandthrough

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localmulti-actoradvisorygroups.Itworksusingthefollowingapproach-

• Developingandoperationalisingmulti-tieredICTplatformforknowledgecreationanddissemi-nation:NICEintegratesmanyknowledgepartnerswithexpertiseinareassuchasmeteorology,agriculturescienceandextensionsystemstoaddresslocaladapta-tionneeds.Thesystemisallowsmultimodalapproachandenablesatwo-waycommunicationsoastolinkfarmers’needstoknowl-edgeexpertsonarealtimebasis.Theprojectturbo-chargesexistingmainstreamextensionsystemsandtrainingcapacities.

Currently,over350userswhichincludeexperts,validators,transla-torsandothers,areusingNICEtogenerateanddisseminatequal-ityadvisories.

BesidesadvisoriesbeingsentasSMSs,directlytofarmers;exten-sionagentsnowalsousetabletstodisseminateadvisoriestofarmerscreatingamorepersonallink.Sofar,nearly18,200farmersareac-

tivelyreceivinglocalisedadvisoriesgeneratedthroughNICEusingamulti-modaldisseminationap-proach(SMS,poster,videolinks,noticeboards).

• Capacitydevelopmentofex-pertstodeveloplocalisedqualityknowledgeonclimatechangeadaptation:Localnetworks/con-sortiumofexpertshavebeencre-atedtofacilitateeffectiveexchangeandintegrationofclimatechangeadaptationknowledge.

• Mainstreaminginnovations:CCKN-IAisbuildingthecapaci-tiesoflocaltraininginstitutionslikeStateAgricultureManage-mentandExtensionTrainingIn-stitutes(SAMETIs)andnationalinstitutionslikeNationalInstituteofAgricultureExtensionManage-ment(MANAGE).

• Privatesectorpartnership:CCKN-IAisworkingonaPPPmodewithReutersMarketLight(RML)toprovidemarketinfor-mationandqualityadvisoriesonclimatechangeadaptation.

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Capacity Development

ingcustomisedtrainingcontent,inductinglocalsectorexpertsasthematicresourcepersonsandfinallydeliveringthetrainings.CCARAIhasconductedseveraltrainingsonIntegratingClimateChangeAdapta-tionintoDevelopmentPlanningsince2011atmultiplelevelsandfordifferentstakeholderssuchasNGOs,adaptationpractitioners,governmentofficers,andothers.

Thetrainingimpartedtostakeholdershasamultipliereffect.Itisfurtherdisseminatedbythosetrainedinthecoursetospreadawarenessandknowledgeonadaptation.

Governmentofficialsarealsopartofthetrainings.Ithelpsthemintegrateclimatechangeadaptationmeasuresintotheplanningprocesses.

GIZNRMhasalsosupportedNABARDindevelopingacriticalmassofofficersinhandlingadapta-tionprojectdevelopment,appraisal,M&Efornationalaswellasinterna-tionalfinancesources.GIZhasalsointegratedclimatechangeadaptationandfinancetrainingmodulesandmethodolgyintothetrainingcur-riculaofBIRD(BankersInstituteofRuralDevelopment).


Individualsandorganisationstoalargeextenthavetheonustosteeref-fectiveadaptationaction.Conducivepoliticalsettingisalsorequiredforadaptationmeasurestowork.

GIZ-IndiaconductsworkshopsandtrainingprogrammesinlinewiththestrategiesoutlinedintheNationalMissiononStrategicKnowledgeforClimateChangeunderNAPCC.

GIZWorldwideincooperationwiththeOrganisationforEconomicCo-operationandDevelopment(OECD)developedatrainingcourseon‘Inte-gratingClimateChangeAdaptationintoDevelopmentPlanning’in2010.Theintensiveparticipatorytrainingcourseaimsatbuildingasystemicthinkingtowardsclimateadaptation.Itoffersasetoftoolstointegrateadaptationintothedevelopmentthinking,planningandimplementa-tion.Thecourseissupplementedwithinformativeliteratureandtrainingaids.TheprojectCCARAIusesthistrainingcourseandcus-tomisesittomeetthelearningneedsanddemandsofstakeholdersintheIndiancontext.Theprocessinvolvesassessingtrainingneeds,develop-

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Demonstration Projects for Adaptation

ThetargetgroupsoftheprojectsarethevulnerableruralpopulationofIndia,whodependontheirnaturalresourcesforlivelihood,andarethereforemostsusceptibletoclimatechange.Theprojectscoverdiverseagro-ecologicalregions.TheyrangefromthecoastalzonesinWestBengalandTamilNadu,torainfedcropproductionregionsofcentralWestBengalandMadhyaPradesh,topasturelandsinsemi-aridRajasthan.AllprojectscarriedoutundertheCCARAIcomponenton‘climate

MoEFCCandGIZsupportedthegovernmentsofthefourpartnerstatesandlocalcommunitiesthroughNGOsandotherrelevantstakeholdersinidentifying,developingandcarryingoutadaptationmeasuresinpilotregions.Thepartnerstates–representingIndia’sdifferentagro-climaticzones–areMadhyaPradesh,Rajasthan,TamilNaduandWestBengal.Intotal,ninedemonstrationprojectshavebeenimplementedunderCCARAIprojectinthefourpartnerstates.

changeadaptationmeasures’arebasedonthefollowingadaptationhypothesis:Carryingoutadaptationmeasuresleadstoincreasingtheresilienceofcommunitiestodealwithclimatechange.Testing,evaluatinganddemonstratingtheresultsoftheseprojectstohelpenrichtheoveralladaptationknowledge,andleadingtoreplicationofadaptationmeasuresatalargescale.Monitoringandevaluation(M&E)frameworksweredevelopedbytheNGOstotracktheprogressofthedemonstrationprojects.Localvulnerabilityassessmentswerecarriedoutattheoutsetoftheprojects.Aprocesscalledsystematisationwasusedtodocumentlearningsfromtheprojectsandgiveimplementersachanceforreflectingontheirprojects’linktoadaptation,itssuccesses,anditsfailures.Alldemonstrationmeasureswereevaluatedpostcompletiontosummarisethesocial,environmentalandeconomicbenefitsandassociatedcostsarisingfromdifferentadaptationinterventions.Recommendationsareavailableforupscalingofsuccessfulapproaches.


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localactionplansandnationalpolicyframeworks(verticalintegration).Italsoencouragescross-scalelearn-ingbetweenrelevantdepartmentsorinstitutionsinlocalandregionalgovernments(horizontalintegration).Verticalandhorizontalintegrationhastwinbenefits:locally-ledandbottom-upapproachinwhichlocalinitiativesinfluencenationalactionandnationally-ledplanshelpsincreatingframeworksthatinturnem-powersthelocaldecision-makers.

Theprojectstressesonthesetwoap-proachesinplanningofimplement-ingprogrammesinthetwocoastalstatesofIndia.Thisapproachleadstosynergiesandreducestheriskofduplicationofefforts.Theverticalintegrationoflocalaction(commu-

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AdaptCapwasanEU-GIZcombi-financedprojectwithAVVAIVillageWelfareSociety(AVVAI),AcademyofGandhianStudies(AGS),adelphiandICLEISouthAsiaasprojectimplementationpartners.TheAdapt-CapprojectaimedtostrengthenadaptivecapacitiesandminimiseriskforcoastalcommunitiesinAndhraPradeshandTamilNadu.Itinter-linkedactivitiesofclimatechangeadaptation(CCA),disasterriskreduction(DRR),climatechangemitigation(CCM),andintroduced

thecentralroleofpartnershipandintegratedholisticplanning.Theprojecthadfourmaincomponents;creatingacommonunderstandingofrisksposedbyclimatechange;implementingpilotprojectstomitigatetherisks;capacitybuildingofcommunitiesandlocalauthori-ties;publicawarenessandvisibilityformainstreamingoftheadaptationapproaches.

India’s7,500kmdenselypopulatedcoastlineisvulnerabletoclimaticchangesandthuscanendangerforhumanhabitatandlivelihood,environmentalsustainabilityandagriculturalproductivity.Climatechange,exacerbatedbyuncheckeddevelopment,impactsthelivesandlivelihoodsofthesecoastalcommuni-ties.Small,ruralcoastalcommunitiesdependonnaturalresourcesandtheylackcapitalandcapacitytodealwiththechallengesthatclimatechangebrings.Evensmallchangestotheirsurroundingshavebigimpactsontheirlife.

Advancinggovernanceofclimatechangeacrossalllevelsofgovernmentandrelevantstakeholdersiscrucialsoastoavoidpolicygapsbetween

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nitybasedadaptationprojects)withthedevelopmentalplanningprocessiscrucialformainstreamingthelo-calneedsandpriorities;thisisalsohighlightedintheneedsassessmentsurvey.Thehorizontalintegrationenhancesunderstandingamonglocalauthoritiesonclimatechangerelatedrisksandthusimprovesplanningresponsesordemonstrationmeasuresincommunities.Localplanscanplayamajorroletoinitiateforactionfromthedistrictandstateauthorities.Enablinglinkagesbetweenthekeysectorsaffectedbyclimatechange,matchmakingwithavailablefunds/schemesalongwithcapacitybuildingmeasurescreatea“win-win”adapta-tionpolicy.

TheexistingframeworkofDisasterManagementActandtheprocessofdevelopmentalplanningwereusedasentrypointsforthemainstreamingapproach.Amultilevelmethodology,itcombinedactivitiesatthelocal(village),stateandnationallevelsandusedtop-downandbottom-updynamics.Thetop-downaspectwasmainlythroughtheframeworkofNationalActionPlanforClimateChange(NAPCC)andStateActionPlans.Thebottomupfocusedonbringinginknowledge,needsandimplementationexperiencefromthegroundlevelintothepolicy,plan-ningandprogrammedevelopmentatthedistrict,stateandnationallevels.TheinformationgatheredatthelocallevelthroughtheAdaptCap

projectprovidedanoverviewonclimatechangeimpactsincertainregionswithinastateanddistrict.Ithighlightedastowhichimpactsweremostcommonandwhichmeasuresweremostcriticaltoaddressthese.Ithelpeddistrictlevelofficers(orhigherlevels)toprioritisefutureactionsandidentifyrelevantofficesthatshouldbemainstreamingclimatechangeintotheirexistingactivities.AdaptCap’sprinciples’policyimplicationwasthatithelpedinclimateproofing,integratingoflocal,stateandnationalplanningprocesseswithclimatechangeandreachingouttoawideraudience.

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Monitoring and Evaluation


M&Eplaysanimportantroleespeciallywhenpractitionersneedtodocumentresultsandimprovetheirperformance.Itisespeciallyimpor-tantforchalkingadaptationmea-sures.M&Esystemsplaytwocriticalrolesinensuringeffectiveadaptation:

• theysupportthelong-termprocessoflearning“whatworks”inadaptationand

• theyprovideatoolforpractitionerstomanagetheirworkinthecontextoftheuncertaintysurroundingclimatechangeimpacts.

MoEFCCandGIZNRM–withfundingfromtheGermanFederalMinistryforEconomicCoopera-tionandDevelopment–hastestedM&Etechniquesatdifferentlevels.ThesearedrawingresultchainswithindicatorsthatcorrespondtoCCARAIprojectcomponents,aimedatenhancingtheresilienceofthevulnerableruralpoor.Itenablesactivelearningaboutadaptation,

techniquesandprocesses,andtrackstheeffectivenessoftheproject.GIZalsocarriedoutascopingstudyontheproposedmethodologyofM&EforSAPCCsduringthefirstphaseofCCARAIproject.Basedonthestudy,anM&EframeworkhasbeendesignedforOdhisaSAPCC.GIZplanstodevelopM&EframeworkforSAPCCsofotherstates.

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Thechoiceswemaketodaywemakewilldeterminetheextentofclimatechangevulnerabilitywemayfaceinthefuture.Developmentplannersareadvisedtostarttakingaccountoftheeffectsofclimatechangeintheirpolicies,strategies,projectsandlocalgovernmentplans.TheMadhyaPradeshStateActionPlanonClimateChange(MPSAPCC)preparedbytheClimateChangeCelloftheEnviron-mentalPlanningandCoordinationOrganisation(EPCO),GovernmentofMadhyaPradesh,highlightskeysectoralconcernsandstrategiestocombatclimaticrisksthroughmitiga-tionandadaptation.

TheClimateChangecellofEPCOwantedtoestablishamechanismthatfacilitatesmanagementoflongtermclimaterisksanduncertaintiesasanintegralpartofthestatedevelopmentplanning.Thisintervention,initiatedunderthepolicycomponentofGIZ’sIndoGermanEnvironmentPartner-ship(GIZ-IGEP),developedClimateChangefitnesschecklists.Theobjec-tiveofthechecklistwastocontributetowardscapacitydevelopmentofthestategovernmentofficialstocoordi-nateandmainstreamclimatechangeissuesinthedevelopmentalactivitiesandpolicies.

Climate Change Checklists – Madhya Pradesh ThechecklistapproachsupportstheSAPCC’smissiontoaddresstheregionalconcernsandtoout-linestrategiesrequiredtodevelopaclimateresilientstate.ChecklistpreparationhasbeenkeptinlinetheSAPCC’svision,mission,strategyandactionstoaddressClimateChangeinMP.Itfocusesoncertainsectorstoprovideguidanceontheintegra-tionofclimatesensitivityinpolicy-making.Also,itoutlinestherationaleforundertakingclimatesensitisationmeasuresandhowincorporatingthemisbeneficialtoallstakeholders

whoformulatestrategies,projects,programmesandpolicies.Checklistswerepreparedforthewaterandurbansector.Apartfromstressingonpolicyissues;theywentastepfurtherandshowcasedtheinclusionofcli-matechangeconcernsattheprojectlevelinwaterandurbansector.Afacilitator’smanualwasdevelopedtomakethesechecklistsuser-friendlyandeasytoreplicatebyotherstates.ThechecklistsareavailableontheMadhyaPradeshClimateChangeKnowledgePortal.

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TheIndo-GermanEnergyProgramme–AccesstoEnergyinRuralAreas(IGEN-Access)isatechnicalco-operationmeasurebetweentheFederalMin-istryforEconomicCo-operationandDevelopment(BMZ),GermanyandtheMinistryofNewandRenewableEnergy(MNRE),India.

Theprogrammehelpsinimprovingthesectorenvironmentforformalandin-formalruralenergyenterprisessoastoenablethemtoprovideaffordablecleanenergyproductsandservicestoruralhouseholds,businessesandfarmers.

AccesstomodernenergyinruralareasinIndiaislimitedornotavailable:20,000villagesarenotconnectedtothegrid(CEA,2015);about80millionhouseholdshavelimitedornoaccesstoelectricity,86%ofruralhouseholdsinIndiausebiomassforcooking,and44%useKeroseneforlighting(Census2011).Indoorairpollutioncausedlargelybytraditionalcookingpracticesresultin2milliondeathsannually,ofwhichmostarewomenandchildren(IndianJournalofCommunityMedicine,2014).26milliondieselorelectric-itydrivenwaterpumpsoperateinIndia.Thedieselpumpsconsumeabout4billionlitre/aofdiesel,andanestimated85milliontons/aofcoalareburnedtooperategrid-connectedpumps(KPMG,2014).

Renewable Energy

IGEN-Accessactivitiesaimtohaveasignificantimpactonreducingemis-sionsby–

• Promotingsolarwaterpumpsthatcansaveupto1.75milliontCO2/awhenusedinsteadofdieselpumps,andcouldcutemis-sionsby225-276milliontCO2/awhengrid-connectedpumpsarereplacedwithsolarwaterpumps

• SupportingtheIndiancleancookstoveprogrammewhichaimsatreplacingabout3milliontradi-tionalcookstoveswithenergyefficientcookstoves.Thiscutsemissionsbyabout3-6milliontCO2/a

• Promotingsolarmini-grids.Asmall50KWsysteminanoff-gridvillagecansaveupto50tCO2/a(comparedtoelectricitygeneratedbycoalpowerplants)

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TheJawaharlalNehruNationalSolarMission(JNNSM)targetshavebeenrevisedin2015to100GWsolarpowercapacityby2022.Withthedeclarationofthesegoals,solarenergybecametopprioritywithintheenergysector.ConsideringtheprojectobjectivesofComSolaritisveryposi-tivethatwithinthis100GWtarget,40GWhavebeenallocatedtorooftopPVsystems.Asofnowtheshareofdistributedphotovoltaicsystems(especiallyrooftops)hasaminisculeshareintheoverallinstalledsolarcapacityof3800MW.Itrequiresspecialattentionandsupport.

GIZundertheComSolarprojectispilotingsuccessfulbusinessmodels

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Commercialisation of Solar Energy (ComSolar)

andatthesametimeinteractingatthepolicyleveltoimprovetheregula-toryframework:

• Demonstration projects–Com-mercialprojectshavinggoodreplicabilityandsignificantCO2reductionscopearebeingimple-mentedwithstrongcommitmentfromthepartners(Examples:RooftopPVportfoliooftheDelhiMetroRailCooperation-severalMWcapacityinstalledasnationallighthouse,RooftopPVforBangaloreCricketStadium,24/7SolarthermalpowerplantIndiaOneinRajasthan)

• Policy Advisory–Policyadvisory

andsupporttocontributetoanestablishmentoftherequiredregulatoryframeworkisbeingdone.Thisisoneofthemainpre-requisiteforthepromotionofsolarenergy.

• Capacity & awareness building–Theprojectorganisesspecifictrainingprogrammes,thatincludeseminarsandstudytripsforgroupstoenhancetheirknowledgeandskills(Examples:campaignforsolarprocessheatinindustrieswww.soproindia.in,solarregulatorydatabaseandpathwayforinvestorswww.solarguidelines.in)

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Thepowersectorcontributessubstan-tiallytoIndia’sCO2Emissionswith60%oftheelectricityproductionca-pacityfromcoal-firedpowerstations.Yetthereare300millionpeoplewhodon’thaveaccesstoenergy.Energysecurityisamajorissuewith31%(oftotalprimaryenergy)asimportdependency.TheIndiangovernmenthasrecognisedtheseissuesanditfocuseson,interalia,thetechnicalandeconomicpotentialsthatapowersupplybasedonrenewableener-gieshas,especiallysolarenergy.TheGovernmenthasrecentlyannouncedtargetof175GWofrenewablesby

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Integration of Renewables Energies into the Indian Electricity System (I–RE)

networkneedtobetakenintoac-count.

Theproject,inamulti-levelap-proach,aimedtosupporttheintegrationofthesehighsharesofrenewables,withaspecialemphasisonsolarrooftop,throughtechno-economicmodels,simulationsandpolicyadvisory:

• Future Energy Vision:Acosteffectivelong-termenergyvisionforIndiawithhighshareofre-newablesandaccesstoenergyforallthroughmodel-basedenergyscenarios.

• Grid Integration of Rooftop PV: Asimulationbasedstudyoncost-efficienttechnicalsolutionsforintegratinghighshareofrooftopsolarpowerplantsinthedistribu-tionnetworks

• Promotion of Rooftop PV:Con-ductstudiesandactivitiesmostrelevantforthepromotionofthesolarrooftopsector.

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2022.Theenergymodellingstud-iesisapertinenttooltoaddressthemulti-dimensionalchallengesposedbyenergysystemplanningwithhighsharesoffluctuatingrenewables.

Further,withcontinuingmegatrendofurbanisationinIndia,PVroof-topsystemsofferanoutstandingopportu-nitytocontributetoaclimate-neutralenergysupplyintegratedintourbanspaces.IndianGovernmenthassetanambitioustargetofinstalling40,000MWrooftopsolarsystemstill2022.Aspectsofsafety,reliabilityandcostsinvolvedintheintegrationofrooftopsolarsystemsintothedistribution


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TheMinistryofNewandRenewableEnergyinpartner-shipwiththeGIZ’sIndo-GermanEnergyprogramme,fundedbytheInternationalClimateInitiativeoftheGermanFederalMinistryfortheEnvironment,NatureConservationandNuclearSafety,establishedacountry-widesystemforthecollectionofrelevantsolardata,anddevelopedamonitoringandbenchmarkingsystemtooptimisetheoutputsofsolarsystems.Datafrommorethan120measuringstationsiscorrelatedwithsatellitedata,whichprovidesabasisforindustrialdevelopmentofsolarenergy.Theprojectthusacceleratestheplanningandimplementationofsolarpowerplants,increasesthecurrentoutputandaimstoimproveforecastofproduc-tionofsolarpowerplants.

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Solar Mapping

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Large Scale Grid Integration of Renewable Energy - Green Energy Corridors

provideconcessionalloansofonebillionEurothroughKfWbanktofinancethegridexpansion.Thefund-inggoeshandinhandwithtechnicalassistancemeasuresimplementedbyGIZunderitsIndo-GermanEnergyProgramme(IGEN).ThesemeasureswillsupporttheIndianGovernmentinimprovingtheframeworkcondi-tionsforintegratingrenewableenergyintothegrid.

Atpresenttheworkisfocusingonthefollowingareas:

• SupportinsettingupofRenew-ableEnergyManagementCentres(REMC);thisincludestheareasofforecastingandbalancing;

• GridManagement(recommenda-tionsonmethodsandtoolsforforecastingofvariablerenewableenergy);

• Marketdesign(ancillarymarkets,capacitymarkets);

• Regulatoryissues(updatingofexistinggridcodesandtechni-calspecifications,methodsandtoolsforgridexpansionandgridsystemstability).

TheelectricitysysteminIndiaisfacingmanychallenges.Thisissobecauseofincreasingenergydemandandapaucityofdomesticenergyresources–fossilfuels.Also,depen-dencyonthermalpowerhasresultedinanincreaseinIndia’sgreenhousegasemissions.

IntheNationalActionPlanonCli-mateChange(NAPCC),thedevelop-mentanddeploymentofenergyfromrenewablesourceslikewindandsolarisanimportantmeasuretoreduceemissionsandcontributetoasustain-ablelongtermgrowthpath.Indiahasannouncedthatthecapacityforre-newableenergygenerationwillreach

100GWfromsolarand60GWfromwindby2022.Inordertobeabletoevacuateelectricityfromtheselargerenewableenergygenerationcapacities,anexpansionandmod-ernisationoftheintra-andinterstatetransmissionaswellasdistributiongridisrequired.Duetotheirvolatilenature,thelargescaleintegrationofrenewableenergysourceswillalsoposechallengestothemanagementofthegrid.Germanyhasexpertiseandexperiencewithregardtotheintegra-tionofrenewableenergyintoitsgridandtheGermanFederalMinistryforEconomicCooperationandDevel-opment(BMZ)hasthusagreedto

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Implementing the Energy Conservation Act

Indiaisaimingataneightpercentannualeconomicgrowthrateofitsgrossdomesticproduct.Thismeansitmustprovidefivetotenpercentmoreenergyannually.Inordertorespondtothegrowingdemandforenergy,inaclimate-friendlyway,IndiahaspassedtheEnergyConser-vationAct.IncooperationwiththeIndo-GermanEnergyprogrammeandtheGermanKfWfinancedbytheGermanFederalMinistryforEconomicCooperationandDevelop-ment,Indiaisimplementingtheactonalladministrativelevels.

Energy Efficiency

Perform, Achieve and Trade Mechanism - PAT

ThePerform,AchieveandTradeMechanism–PATisaninnovativeandchallenginginitiativeundertheNationalMissiononEnhancedEn-ergyEfficiency.Itisamarket-basedmechanismthatassignsenergyeffi-ciencyimprovementtargetsforIndia’s478industrialunits,mostenergy-in-tensive,incurrentlyeightsectors.InthenextphaseofPATstarting2016,threemoresectorswillbeaddedasanother300+units.Accordingtothescheme,industrialunitsthathave

achievedenergysavingsinexcessoftheirtargetwillbeprovidedenergysavingscertificates(ESCerts).TheseESCertscanbeprocuredbytheunitsthatunder-perform,tomeettheirtar-getcompliancerequirements.Over-all,theinitiativeprovidesthetwinbenefitofcostsavingandmitigatingclimatechangethroughareductioningreenhousegasemissions.TheBureauofEnergyEfficiencyandGIZIndo-GermanEnergyprogramme,financedbytheGermanFederalMin-istryforEconomicCooperationandDevelopment,areenablingthesetupofthePATmechanism.

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Energy Efficiency Certification

Householdappliancesandenergy-intensiveindustrialequipmentreceiveenergyefficiencylabels.Thishelpsuserstoconsciouslychooseenergy-savingdevicesandequipment.Theprogrammecertifiedenergymanagersandenergyauditorsandsupportedthedevelopmentoflabellingstan-dards.Stricternormsandstandardsforheavyindustry,mappedoutwiththehelpofGIZ’sIndo-GermanEnergyprogramme(financedbytheGermanFederalMinistryforEconomicCooperationandDevelop-ment)createdthepreconditionsforatransitiontowardsmodern,andenergy-efficienttechnologies.

Dissemination of Energy Saving Lamps

Energy Efficiency Services Limited, a governmental organisation, founded with the support of GIZ with funding from the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development and the Bureau of Energy Efficiency is bringing down the cost for LED by mass purchase to ensure economies of scale.

Prime Minister launched a National Programme for LED street lighting as well as LED home lighting. Until 2016 100 cities shall have LED street lighting and 200 million bulbs being sold to residential discom customers (please expand). Consumers purchasing LED bulbs instead of incandescent lights will result in reducing peak demand by 10.000 MW.

The programme brought down prices from more than 300 INR (EUR 4.23) to less than 80 INR (EUR 1.13)/bulb within 18 months in India aiding the dissemination of LEDs worldwide

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Industry

Manyoftherefrigerantsandfoamblowingagentsusedinrefrigerators,freezers,airconditioningequipmentandinsulated‘green’buildingsstillcontributetothedepletionoftheozonelayer,harmingtheglobalcli-mate.Thehydro-chlorofluorocarbonnumber22forexample,whichisusedasarefrigerantinmostofthehouseholdair-conditionersinIndia,hasaGlobalWarmingPotential(GWP)of1810.UndertheMontrealProtocolhydro-chlorofluorocarbons(HCFCs)aretobephasedoutfrom2013,butmanyoftheozonefriendlyalternativeshaveanevenhigherGWPthanthesubstancestheyreplace.

ThroughtheProklimaprogramme,fundedbytheGermanFederalMin-istryforEconomicCooperationandDevelopment,andwithintheframe-workoftheMontrealProtocolonSubstanceswhichDepletetheOzoneLayer,theOzoneCell,MoEFCCandGIZareprovidingpolicyadviceandcapacitydevelopment,trainingandqualificationtoservicetechnicians.Thiscooperationalsoincludespilotprojectsforindustrypartners,thatfa-

Cooling Without Warming

cilitategreentechnologytransferandhelpsinpromotingasustainablefu-ture.ProklimastronglysupportstheintroductionoftechnologiesbasedonnaturalgasessuchasPropaneandIsobutanethatdonotdepletetheozonelayerandhavezeroorverylowGWPcomparedtoHCFCsandhydro-fluorocarbons(HFCs).

Forexample,undertheEcofrigprojectandwithsupportfromtheMultilateralFundoftheMontrealProtocol(MLF),oneofIndia’smajorrefrigeratormanufacturersconverteditsentiremanufacturinglinetohy-drocarbonbasedfoamandrefrigeranttechnology.Alsomorethan20,000servicetechnicians,mostofthemfromtheinformalsector,havebeentrainedalloverIndiainbetterservicepracticesandalternativetechnolo-gies.InanotherprojectIndiansmallandmediumenterpriseshavebeensupportedinthephase-outofcarbontetrachloride,whichhasbeenusedasacleaningagentintextileandmetalindustries.DuetothehighGWPofthesubstancesthathavebeenphasedoutundertheseprojects,morethan4.4MiotonnesofCO2equivalent

emissionreductionshavebeenachieved.

WithintheframeworkoftheInternationalClimateInitiativetheGermanFederalMinistryfortheEnvironment,NatureConservationandNuclearSafety,Proklimaworksonthedevelopmentandmarketintroductionofenergyefficientandclimatefriendlypropanebasedhouseholdair-conditionersinIndia.Theestimatedimpactofthisprojectismorethan1.3MiotonnesofCO2equivalentemissionreductions.Fu-tureactivitiesofProklimawillfocusonsupportingIndiainthephase-outofHCFCsintheentirerefrigerationandair-conditioningsector.

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Insulation Measures for Small and Medium Enterprises

ENERGY-EFFICIENCY: Moving India’s small and medium enterprises towards a sustainable future was a Public Private Partnership (PPP) between the KAEFER-Group, the world largest provider of complete insulation solutions, and GIZ, supported by the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development. The PPP’s objective was to provide access to advisory services, trainings and financial products to industrial Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in selected regions of India which will then help them implement energy efficient insulation measures. At the same time, the project aimed to use the success on energy efficient interventions to raise the awareness of SMEs on competitive advantages of integrating sustainability measures into their operations. In two companies from the pulp & paper industry, energy efficiency measures were implemented and documented. In addition, financial institutions were trained on the importance of energy efficiency measures.

To reach its aim, KAEFER, its local subsidiary KAEFER Punj Lloyd Ltd and GIZ were drawing on the combined knowledge of three Indo-German initiatives. While the Indo-German Energy programme was supporting the technical aspects and the selection of the SME clusters, the Corporate Social Responsibility project of the Sustainable Economic Development (SED) programme focused on raising the awareness of environmentally and socially responsible behaviour of small and medium enterprises so as to reduce the demand on energy. The Micro, Small and Medium Enterprise Umbrella Project, also under the SED programme, in cooperation with Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI), supported the development of financial services for select SMEs to finance the initial cost of insulation measures, implemented by the private partner KAEFER.

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Sustainable Economic Development

TheIndianMicro,SmallandMe-diumEnterprises(MSME)sectorconsistsofapproximately46millionenterprises.Itcontributestomorethan8%oftheGrossDomesticProduct,accordingtofiguresoftheMinistryofMicro,SmallandMediumEnterprises(2014).DuetoalargenumberofMSMEunits,theenergydemandofthesectorishuge.HoweverthefinancialservicesforMSMEtoimplementenergyefficiencymeasuresarestillmarginal.TheMicro,SmallandMediumEn-terpriseUmbrellaProjectoftheGIZSustainableEconomicDevelopmentprogrammeandSmallIndustriesDevelopmentBankofIndiawhichcompletedin2014aimedtoincreasethecapacityofIndianbanksintheareaof“greenfinance”andenergyef-ficiencyfinance.Topromotegreenfi-nance,GIZcontractedtheFrankfurtSchoolofFinance&Managementtoconductastudyoninternationalexperience,analyseinternationalgoodpracticesandproposealoanproductthatwouldimprovetheeco-systemfortheadoptionofenergyefficiencymeasures.Basedonthefindings,apilotontheloanproduct

Sustainable Economic Development//

Financing Energy Efficiency

wasconductedincooperationwithStateBankofIndiaintwoMSMEindustrialclusters.

DespitebroadeffortsinthesectortopromoteEnergyEfficiency(EE),theMSMEmarketisstillnotrespondingwellenoughtowardstheimplemen-tationofEEmeasuresproposedbynumerousEnergyAudits.Oneofthekeybarriersidentifiedisthelackofreliableandaffordableimplemen-tationsupportthatMSMEscandrawupon.Toaddressthis,SIDBIlaunchedanEndtoEndEnergyEf-ficiency(4E)initiativethatsupportsMSMEsinadoptingandimplement-ingEEmeasures.ThisinitiativeisdrivenbytheSIDBI’sassociate,viz.IndiaSMETechnologyServicesLtd.(ISTSL)anddrawsupontheexperi-enceintheWorldBank–GEFPro-gramforEnergyEfficiency.Thereby,ISTSLfunctionsasaserviceproviderforconsultancyservicesinthefieldof

technology,environment,productiv-ityandefficiency.

ThekeytoISTSL’sacceptanceinthemarketliesindevelopingarobustengagementmodelwiththeSMEs,puttingwell-defined,streamlinedprocessesinplaceandstaffingtheorganisationwithstrongtechnicalexpertswhocommunicateeffec-tivelywiththeMSMEsector.ISTSL’ssuccesswouldincreasethesector’scomfortlevelwithEEwhichinturnwouldleadtoincreaseddemandforEEfinancing.Basedonthesepremises,GIZworkscloselywithSIDBItodrivethecapacitybuildingandinstitutionalisationofISTSL.Atthemoment,workisunderwaytodevelopthestandardoperatingprocedures(SOPs)andcontractualtemplatesforISTSL.TheseSOPswillbetestedwithSMEunitsforrobust-nessandcompleteness.

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Sustainable Technology Innovation

TheMSMEsector,comprisingofroughly44millionmicrocompaniesandthousandsofsmallandmedium-sizedbusinesses,hasanenormouseconomic,socialandenvironmentalimpact.Thesectorfacesnumerouschallenges.Theseincludepressuretousekeyresourceslikeenergy,water

inclusiveinnovations,India’sMSMEsectorcancreateneweconomicopportunitiesandstrengthenitslong-termcompetitiveness.

TheMoMSME-GIZcooperationsupportedbytheGermanMinistryofEconomicCooperationandDevel-opment(BMZ)aimsatsupportingselectedMSMEstoenhancetheircapacityfordevelopinginclusiveandsustainableinnovationsbyfosteringcooperationbetweenindustry,aca-demiaandgovernment.Tothisendtheprogrammeissettingupcoopera-tionprojectsbetweenallstakeholdersthatespeciallyfocusonenergyandresourceefficiencyaswellasenviron-mentalprotection.Throughdifferentinterventions,theprojectwillsup-portMSMEstodevelopsustainableproduct,processandbusinessmodelinnovations.

• ContributingtotheNationalMissiononEnhancedEnergyEfficiency.

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andrawmaterialsmoreefficientlyandtoimplementenvironmentallysustainableproductionprocesses.Improvingsustainability-orientedinnovationsthatcontributetomoreenvironmentalandresourceprotec-tionisthereforeseenasimportant.Bymodernisingandadoptinggreenand


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Sustainability Reporting

Thebusinesssectorisakeyplayerintacklingtheclimatechangechallengethroughmitigationandadaptationmeasures.Itrequiresanintegrationofenvironmentalandsocialparametersinthebusinesses’coreoperationswhilealsomeasuringandimprovingtheirperformance.Disclosureandre-portingtoawidersetofstakeholdersisalsoanintegralpartofthisprocess.Evidencesuggeststhatresponsiblebusinessbehaviourandreportingonsustainabilityparametershelpsbusinessesmanagetheirrisksmorecomprehensively,andattractnewop-portunitiesofgrowthandfinance.

Thefinancialsectorisalsoincreas-inglyscreenedforitsroleinthesustainabledevelopmentagenda.Environmental,socialandgov-ernancerelateddisclosuresareakeyleverforchange.Againstthisbackground,GIZ’sSustainableEconomicDevelopmentprogramme,supportedbytheGermanFederalMinistryforEconomicCooperationandDevelopment,andpartnersliketheIndianInstituteofCorporateAffairs(MCA)havedevelopedtheNationalVoluntaryGuidelineson

Social,EnvironmentalandEconomicResponsibilitiesofBusiness(NVGs,2011).ItalsoformulatedareportingformatbasedontheseGuidelines.InAugust2012,SEBI,themarketregulatormadeitmandatoryforthetop100companiestoreportontheseguidelinesthroughannualBusi-nessResponsibilityReport(BRR).ForthefirsttimeinIndia,sustain-abilityrelatedinformationisinthepublicdomainagainstasystematicframework.Additionally,GIZalsoengagedwithSIDBIthroughtheits‘ResponsibleEnterpriseFinance’proj-ectwiththefinancialsectorwhichseekstoadapttheNVGsforfinancialinstitutions.Aconstantdialoguewithinvestors,businessesandcivilsocietyformspartoftheapproachtodemon-stratethebusinesscaseforbetter

disclosuresandperformanceonESG/sustainability.Recommendationsforpolicylevelandpublicinstitutionssuchasregulatingbodiesaredrawnfromhere.Throughtheseactivitiestheframeworkconditionscanbeinfluencedtomakemitigationandadaptationmeasureseconomicallyviableforbusinesses.

• ContributingtotheNationalMissiononEnhancedEnergyEfficiency

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Climate Change Adaptation in the Indian Private Sector

ClimateChangeisaglobalphe-nomenonanditimpactseveryone.Withoutremedyingthecurrentsitu-ationthelivesofourfuturegenera-tionisseverelyperiled.Expectationsfrombusinessestotakeleadtowardsenvironmentprotectionmeasureshavegrown.UndertheIndo-Germanbilateralcooperation,since2011GIZalongwiththeSmallIndustriesDevelopmentBankofIndia(SIDBI)isimplementingaproject,fundedthroughextra-climatefundsoncli-matechangeadaptation,tostrength-entheroleofIndianMSMEs.TheobjectiveistoenhanceandexpandtheserviceenvironmentofIndianMSMEsinthefieldofclimatechangewhilealsostrengtheningtheir“re-sponsiblecompetitiveness”.

BasedontwostudiesonclimatechangeimpactsandadaptationneedsofMSMEsandresultingrisksandopportunities,theonline-toolwww.climate-expert.inhasbeendeveloped.ThistoolraisesawarenessandbuildscapacityofIndianmicro,smallandmediumenterprisesinthefieldofclimatechangeadaptation.The

Climate-Expertcomeswithapracti-calguidelineonhowtoadapttotheClimateChangeimpactsandalsohasaqualitativeinstrumenttoanalysethepotentialinthevaluechainwithregardtoclimaterisks,adaptationmeasuresandaccesstonewmarkets.Aninteractivee-toolontheportalallowsentrepreneurstodeveloparealtimeadaptationstrategy.ApartfromtheClimate-Experttool,apooloftrainersacrossIndiahasbeenestablishedcomingfromvarioustraininginstitutions,academicprofes-

sionsandconsultanciesthatofferClimateChangeAdaptationServicestoenterprises.ATrainingManualwasdevelopedtoequipthesetrainingorganisationswithsupportmaterial.TheTrainerManualfeaturespowerpointslideswithexplanations,tips,backgroundmaterialandhand-outs.AconsultingguidebookwasalsodevelopedtoassistfuturetrainersandconsultantstoadvisecompaniesindevelopingandimplementingaCCAstrategy.


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Financial Cooperation

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Energy Inthedomainofelectricitygenera-tion,KfWassistsIndiainexpandingitszero-emissionelectricitygenera-tion,basedonmarketreadyrenew-ableenergysourcesandtechnologieslikeSolarPVandWindaswellassmallhydropowerandbiomass.KfWhelpsclosingthefundinggapforpri-vateinvestorsbothintermsofloantenureandcostofborrowingthroughPublicDevelopmentBankslikeIREDA,PFCandREC.KfWalsofinancespublicutilityinvestmentsforutilityscalegenerationcapacity,likeforexampleMahagencoinMaha-rashtrawhichbuildsupaportfolioofSolarPVplantsunderpublic-privatepartnership.India’srenewablesaremovingtowardsgridparity,andCentralgovernmentaswellasmostStatestakesthisopportunitytosatisfygrowingdemandforelectricity.

Theadditionalgenerationcapacityismostlyon-gridandrequiresenhancedtransmissioncapacity.Indiahasde-velopedthe“GreenEnergyCorridor”concepttolinkgenerationhotspotstoconsumers.KfWworkswithPow-ergridCorporationandState-levelTransmissionCompaniestoexpandtheirpowersystemsandimprovetheirmanagementtoaccommodate

thestrongexpansionofrenewablesgenerationandconsumption.

However,notallprivatehouseholdsareon-grid,andaccesstoenergyremainsahugetaskforIndia.Thegovernmentrunssubstantialpro-grammesforoff-gridpower,andKfWsupportsinvestmentsinoff-gridsystemsthroughIREDA,basedonrenewableenergysources.

Beyondmarketreadytechnologiesandbusinessmodels,Indianeedsinnovationtomeetthechallenges,bothintermsoftechnologiesandofbusinessmodels.Byprovidingfund-ingandknow-how,KfWcontributestosuchinnovation,reducesfinancialrisksandtransfersitsexperiencefromGermanyandtheglobalmarket.AsthelargestdevelopmentbankinGer-many,responsiblefortheimplemen-tationofmanyGermanprogrammesforEnergyEfficiencyandRenewableEnergy,aswellaspartsoftheGer-man“Energiewende”,KfWiswellexperiencedtotransferknowledgetoIndia.


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Talkingaboutenergyefficiency,Indiahasalargepotentialtoreducetheenergyintensityofitsgrowth.TheIn-dianGovernmenthastakeninitiativestoimproveenergyefficiencyonbothdemandandsupplyside.Forexamplestarratingsforhouseholdgoods,certificationofgreenbuildings,PATScheme,andpromotionofenergyefficientproductiontechnologiesinindustry.KfWworkswithSIDBIforEnergyEfficiencyinMSME,withNHBonenergyEfficientHousing,andwithEESLonenergyefficiencyinhouseholdsandpublicinfrastruc-ture(streetlighting).

Energy efficiency

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Urban Mobility

Anothermajorenergyconsumeristhetransportsector,mostlyintheformoffossilfuels.Growthofurbanpopulationandincreasingmobil-ityneedsmoreandmoreindividualtransport.Thismeansincreasingcar-bonemissions(andotherimpacts)ofurbantransport.Indiaisrespondingtothesituationbyexpandingpublictransportsystemsthatcommensuratewithurbangrowthinalow-emissionway.Metrosystemsforlargecitiesandbusfleetexpansionforurbanareas,includingBusRapidTransportCorridorsandlow-emissionpropul-sionsystemsareIndia’spreferredsolu-tionstoday.Providingmoretransportcapacitywhilereducingitsenergyintensityistheplan.KfWsupportstheseefforts,withaclearemphasisonlow-carbontechnologiesandsystems,whilealsopromotinginnovationinpublictransportlikenon-motorisedtransport,systemintegrationandmanagementconceptsthataimtoimprovetheservicequalityofpublicandnon-motorisedtransport,makingitmoreattractivetoleaveyourcarathome.


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Climate Change Adaptation

AdaptationtounavoidablechangeisanenormoustaskinacountrylikeIndia,withnumerouseco-zones,hugevarietyinvulnerabilityandcopingcapacityandsimplythelargescaleofitspopulationandgeography.Thus,prioritieshavetobeset,whichIndiahasdoneintheNationalActionPlanonClimateChangeandStateActionPlans.Variousprogrammesareunderway,andKfWissupportingthem.Additionally,allKfWinvest-mentfinancingneedstoensurethataninvestmentis“climate-proven”,i.e.itisreasonablysafefromdamageduetoclimatechangeimpactoverthelifetimeoftheinvestment.

Foralongtime,KfWhasbeensupportingtheclimateresilienceofecosystems,thusincreasingadap-tivecapacityofpeople(livelihoods).Admittedly,theseprogrammesweredesignedwithalookatwatershedandsoilmanagementinthe1990s,butitturnedoutthattheygeneratesignificantadaptationbenefits.Onthisfoundation,newprogrammesintegrateclimateparametersandvulnerabilityassessmentsandprovidebettertargetedadaptationsolutionsforruralhouseholds.Today,theem-phasisofKfWsupportinIndiaisonwatersheds,soilandforestecosystemsthatarethelivelihoodoftheruralpeople.

Theneedforadaptationinurbandevelopmentisdifferentfromthenaturalresourcebasedregionsofthecountry.Flooding,drought,heatislands,severestorms,isonlysomeofthelikelyconsequencesofclimatechange.Climatesensitiveurbanplanningaswellasclimateproveninfrastructureistheneedofthehour.InitseffortstosupportIndianurbandevelopment,KfWsupportsmunici-palitiestoprepareitsinfrastructureforsuchclimateinducedeventsbyreducingthevulnerabilityofurbanassetsandpeople,andbyenhancinginstitutionalcapabilitytoadapttoweatherinducedchallenges.

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Climate Finance

Climatefinancingwillremainama-jortopicforIndia.ImplementingtheagreementsunderUNFCCC,includ-ingtheGreenClimateFund(GCF),isofmajorconcernforthecountry.

AsanaccreditedAgencyundertheGCF,KfWcanaccessGCFfundsforprojectsinIndia,asandwhenIndiarequestssuchsupportviaKFW.


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List of Involved GIZ ProgrammesGIZ Indo-German Environment Partnership on Urban and Industrial Development (IGEP-UID) n CarbonMarketsnDevelopmentandManagementofNationallyAppropriateMitigationActions(NAMA)inIndia

n Eco-IndustrialParks• Eco-Profit

n ResourceEfficiency• FosteringResourceEfficiency

andSustainableManagementofSecondaryRawMaterials

n UrbanClimateChange• CitiesandClimateChange• Trainingand‘SustainableUr-

banHabitatActionPlan’n ClimateChangeAdaptationinIndustrialAreas

n LearningAboutAdaptation• ClimateChangeChecklists–

MadhyaPradesh• AdaptCap

GIZ Indo German Energy Pro-gramme (IGEN)n CarbonMarkets

• DisseminationofEnergySav-ingLamps

n EnergyEfficiency• ImplementingtheEnergyCon-

servationAct

• Perform,AchieveandTradeMechanism–PAT

• EnergyEfficiencyCertificationn RenewableEnergy

• RuralEnergy• CommercialisationofSolar

Energy• IntegrationofRenewablesEn-

ergiesintotheIndianElectric-itySystem(I–RE)

• SolarMapping• LargeScaleGridIntegration

ofRenewableEnergy-GreenEnergyCorridors

GIZ Natural Resource Management Programme (NRM)n ClimateProofing

• AdjustingAgriculturalValueChains

• AddressingClimateRisksinWatershedDevelopment

• StrengtheningthePotentialEnvironmentalBenefitsofMGNREGA

n LearningAboutAdaptation• Knowledgemanagement

throughuseofICT• CapacityBuilding• ClimateChangeKnowledge

NetworkforIndianAgriculture• MonitoringandEvaluation• Demonstrationprojects

n StateActionPlansonClimateChange

n VulnerabilityAssessmentn LossandDamagen ClimateFinancen SEWOH:‘OneWorld–NoHun-ger’initiativeofGermanGovern-ment:ThreeprogrammesinIndia

GIZ Sustainable Economic Develop-ment (SED)n EnergyEfficiency

• SustainableTechnologyInnova-tion

• Financing• EnergyEfficiency• InsulationMeasuresforSmall

andMediumEnterprises(Pub-licPrivatePartnership)

n SustainabilityReportingn ClimateChangeAdaptationintheIndianPrivateSector

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List of Involved KfW Programmes

Adaptation nHimachalPradeshForestEcosystemsClimateProofingProject

nWatershedDevelopmentRajasthannMultipurposeCycloneSheltersOrissa

Energy Efficiencyn EnergyEfficientCreditFacilityforSME

n EnergyEfficientNewResidentialHousing

n Energyefficiencyinpublicbuildingsandinfrastructure(PhaseII)

n Creditlinedemandsideenergyefficiency

n SIDBIEnergyEffeciencyinSMEs

Hydropower n PromotionofHydropowerNEEPCO

n ShongtongKarchamHydropowerPlant

nHimalayaHydropowerProgramme(HPPCL)

n PareHydroelectricPowerNEEPCO

Mitigationn ClimateFriendlyUrbanMobilityn Renewablesn RuralElecrificationCooperationIIn IREDAProgrammeSustainableEnergy

n CleanEnergyforRuralDevelopment-REC

n PromotionofNewRenewableEnergyProjects(IREDA)

n GreenEnergyCorridorsn PromotionofGreenPower(IREDA)

n AccesstoCleanEnergyn EnvironmentandEnergyInvestmentProgramIIFCL

Solar PVn SolarPhotovoltaicPlantSakrin ResearchCooperationCleanEnergyTechnology

n LargeScaleSolarPowerProgramme(NTPC)

n LandNeutralSolarPhotvoltaicPower


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List of AbbreviationsAFB AdaptationFundBoardBEE BureauofEnergyEfficiencyBMUB GermanFederalMinistry

fortheEnvironment,NatureConservation,BuildingandNuclearSafety

BMZ GermanFederalMinistryforEconomicCooperationandDevelopment

CCA ClimateChangeAdaptationCCANERClimateChangeAdaptation

inNorth-EastRegionCCARAI ClimateChangeAdaptation

inRuralAreasofIndiaCDM CleanDevelopment

MechanismCER CertifiedEmission

ReductionCFL CompactFluorescentLampsCO2 CarbonDioxideCO2eq. Theconcentrationofcarbon

dioxidethatwouldcausethesameamountofradiativeforcingasagivenmixtureofcarbondioxideandothergreenhousegases(IPCC2007)

CPU CarbonProcurementUnitCSR CorporateSocial

ResponsibilityCTC CarbontetrachlorideDRR DisasterRiskReductionGHG GreenhouseGasGIZ DeutscheGesellschaft

fürInternationaleZusammenarbeitGmbH

HCFCs Hydrochlorofluorocarbons

HPPCL HimachalPradeshPowerCorporationLimited

ICL IncandescentLampIIFCL IndiaInfrastructureFinance

CompanyLtd.IGEN Indo-GermanEnergy

programmeIREDA IndianRenewableEnergy

DevelopmentAgencyLimited

JNNSM JawaharlalNehruNationalSolarMission

JNNURMJawaharlalNehruNationalUrbanRenewalMission

MoA MinistryofAgricultureMCA MinistryofCorporate

AffairsMNRE MinistryofNewand

RenewableEnergyMoDoNERMinistryofDevelopment

ofNorthEasternRegionMoEFCC MinistryofEnvironment,

ForestandClimateChangeMoMSMEMinistryofMicro,Small

andMediumEnterprisesMoRD MinistryofRural

DevelopmentMoUD MinistryofUrban

DevelopmentMSME Micro,SmallandMedium

EnterprisesMSWM MunicipalSolidWaste

ManagementNABARDNationalBankfor

AgricultureandRuralDevelopment

NAMA NationallyAppropriateMitigationActions

NAPCC NationalActionPlanOnClimateChange

NEEPCL NorthEasternElectricPowerCorporationLimited

NGO NonGovernmentalOrganisation

NRM NaturalResourceManagement

PoA ProgrammeofActivitiesPPP PublicPrivatePartnershipREDD ReducingEmissions

fromDeforestationandDegradation

SIDBI SmallIndustriesDevelopmentBankofIndia

SAPCC StateActionPlanOnClimateChange

SED SustainableEconomicDevelopment

SME SmallandMediumEnterprises

UNFCCCUnitedNationsFrameworkConventiononClimateChange

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Deutsche Gesellschaft für

InternationaleZusammenarbeit(GIZ)GmbH

Natural Resource Management Programme

GIZ-officeIndia,2ndfloor,

A2/18 Safdurjung Enclave

New Delhi, 110029, India

T + 91 11 4949 5353

F + 91 11 4949 5391

www.giz.de/India

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