[COP-19_UNFCC] Warsaw Climate Change Conference, India's Stand, Outcomes, Limitation - Mrunal

6/21/2014 [COP-19/UNFCC] Warsaw Climate Change Conference, India's Stand, Outcomes, Limitation - Mrunal

http://mrunal.org/2013/11/cop-19unfcc-warsaw-climate-change-conference-indias-stand-outcomes-limitation.html 1/24

Mrunal

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[COP-19/UNFCC] Warsaw Climate

Change Conference, Indias Stand,

Outcomes, Limitation

1. Prologue

2. Like-Minded Developing Countries

(LMDG)

3. Loss and damage

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DR ROMAN SAINI {

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me } [Topper's

Interview] Dr. Roman

Saini (CSE-2013/AIR-

18): First...

VINAY { @RISHABH A

bitter truth. } [Topper's



18): First...

DR ROMAN SAINI {

Thanks vinay, you can

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4. REDD+

5. CA$H

6. Indias stand @COP-19 Warsaw

1. We want CBDR

2. Were not irresponsible

3. Indias stand on Agriculture vs

climate change

4. Indias stand on Ca$h 4 climate

change

5. Indias stand on HFC

6. Indias stand on Technology

transfer

7. Indias stand on Misc. issues

7. Warsaw outcomes:

8. Limitations/Criticism of Warsaw

Talks/COP-19

9. Mock Questions

Prologue

Before going to Warsaw, Poland, make sure youve

read earlier articles on:

1. UNFCC and Kyoto protocolclick me

2. Doha COP18/UNFCCclick me

During Nov 2013, Warsaw, Poland hosted:

COP19

19th Conference of the Parties (COP19) to

the United Nations Framework Convention

on Climate Change (UNFCCC)

contact me through

Facebook link, if you need

any help } [Topper's



18): First...

{

... } [Topper's



18): First...

RISHABH { As you too

know that nobody is

interested in DESH SEWA,

everybody want money,

power and social

status........".............hahhah

a } [Topper's



18): First...

ABHISHEK { All those

people who are hard

pressed on topper please

stop doing this! mrunal sir

works hard and tries to get

all these interviews to... }

[Topper's Interview] Dr.

Roman Saini (CSE-

2013/AIR-18): First...

RISHI K { SIR,PLEASE

TELL ME THAT IF YOU

WROTE YOUR FNIAL YEAR



CMP99th Conference of the Parties serving as

the meeting of the Parties to Kyoto

Protocol (CMP9)

click me to enlarge image

Following timeline should help you see the bigger

picture:

Like-Minded Developing

Countries (LMDG)

Oil rich:Venezuela, Saudi Arabia, Bolivia and

Malaysia

Coal rich: China and India

Chillar party.:Cuba, Nicaragua, Ecuador and

Thailand.

Ok, What does this gang want?

They want strict separation between

developed and developing countries

responsibility in climate change

EXAM BEFORE MAINS?

ALSO PLEASE CARE TO

SHARE HOW DID YOU GO

TO AIIMS AT THE... }


Roman Saini (CSE-

2013/AIR-18): First...

VINAY { @Dr Roman --

Once i read somewhere , "

People wont believe until

you do this." but now it

seems like, " Even if you... }

[Topper's Interview]

Dr. Roman Saini (CSE-

2013/AIR-18): First...

ISHAN { It was really

great to see some straight

answers from you during

the interview , to others

that's not arrogance that's

conviction , Roman i... }


Roman Saini (CSE-

2013/AIR-18): First...

VINAY { @MAHI.. 154 is

not bad at all.. its just

above average kind of

marking.. } [Topper's



18): First...

ABHISHEK { congrats

doctor IAS! your interview

is most motivating to me!

You proved a clever

strategy is all needed to



@Developed countries: You were the first

nations to industrialize. Youre the one that

cause this global warming. So, youre obliged

to cut emission. Our emissions are different

from yours, for ours are produced in the

process of industrialization while you are

already in the post-industrialization era. In

short youre the main villain.

@Developing countries: weve responsibility

to combat climate change. but we want no

legally binding obligation to cut our emission.

The developed nations (you) must not

prescribe/preach us about climate change.

Well set our commitment voluntarily.

LMDG wants new climate change agreement to

be on above theme.

Obviously developed (rich) countries are

against this LMDG group. Rich nations argue

China and India are growing so fast that by

2020 your LMDG gangs greenhouse gas

emission will be lot higher than us! You cant

keep holding us responsible forever!

Loss and damage

One of the contentious issues in the

COP19/Warsaw talks.

Extreme events because of climate change=

typhoons, floods, drought etc.

Loss

Permanent. e.g. loss include loss of life,

culture, livelihood, ecosystems, or territory.

Can be economic or non-economic (e.g loss

clear civil services along

with hard... } [Topper's



18): First...

VINAY { @Dr Roman -

your article is very

inspiring. Now i see what i

missed when i had that

chance. } [Topper's



18): First...

ASPIRANT { ok :) }


Roman Saini (CSE-

2013/AIR-18): First...

DR ROMAN SAINI {

Finally someone gets the

point..... Thanks }


Roman Saini (CSE-

2013/AIR-18): First...

NARSIMHA {

congratulations Dr.Roman

All the best Hope you will

make the difference

through this service....

Thank you } [Topper's



18): First...

BRAVO { AIR 18----

marks = 884 = Dr.Roman

AIR 117 -- marks = 838 =

gaurav so within a gap of



of entire culture/tribal religion in a low lying

island)

Damage

Repairable. e.g. deforestation and

temperature rise.

In short- the Poor countries want ca$h from

rich countries because rich countries caused

climate change and poor countries suffering

extreme weather/disasters because of them.

Demand grew because thousands died in

Philippines by Typhoon Haiyan just as the COP-

19 started.

But Developed countries donot want to admit any

legal liability after all, China and India are also

rich (GDP wise), and emitting more greenhouse

gas than many of the developed countries.

REDD+

REDD+: Reducing Emissions from

Deforestation and Degradation PLUS.

Under REDD+: ca$h comes from developed

countries =>green climate fund=>developing

countries=>national agencies.

It is a result based understanding/framework.

Meaning, Developing country will have to prove

the result they have fought deforestation

without harming local communities or

biological diversity. Only then, theyll get the

ca$h.

REDD+ negotiations have been ongoing since

2005, finally @Warsaw talks 2013, the

46 marks there are 99... }


Roman Saini (CSE-

2013/AIR-18): First...

M eg a V a c a n c i es

!

U P S C

30-Jun: Civil Services

IAS/IPS(1291)

30-Jun: Forest Service

IFoS(85)

B a n k i n g S ec t o r

09-Jul: IBPS RRB 2014

26-Jun: Himachal Gramin

(Sep13 scorecard)

25-Jun: Mahila Bank PO

(need IBPS-3 score)

23-Jun: RBI Grade "B"

Officer(117)

20-Jun: Purvanchal Bank RRB-

2013 score

S t a r t S er v i c e

30-Jun: GPSC Class1-2(350+)

S S C N o r t h er n

20-Jun: Various Technical

(80+)B.Com,B.Sc,Engg.Diploma

20-Jun: Field Officer(49) M.Sc

Agro/Soil

20-Jun: Sub-Insp.

Fingerprint(39) B.Sc

Biology,Microbio etc.ELIGIBLE!

20-Jun: Chemist(23) need

M.Sc



participating nations agreed for REDD+

mechanism.

UK, Norway and USA have already allocated

$US280 million to a World Bank-led fund

operating REDD projects.

REDD vs REDD+

REDD REDD+

Only UN

UNs REDD PLUS following

1. Forest Carbon Partnership Facility:

which is is a global partnership of

governments, businesses, civil

society, and Indigenous Peoples.

2. World banks Forest Investment

Program (FIP)

Just

deforestation

Deforestation PLUS following

sustainable management of forests

Increasing forest carbon stocks

Forest conservation

CA$H

In all climate change talks- everything boils

down to one thing: ca$H.

Earlier developed countries had promised to

give $100 billion dollar fund for developing

countries by the end of 2020.

But developed countries did not elaborate how

theyll come up with so much cash.

20-Jun: Archeology(19) MA

History,Sankrit,Tamil,Telugu

etc.ELIGIBLE!

Co m m / H R / CA/ M B A

30-Aug: Accountant NIFFT

Ranchi

11-Jul: HR officers,NBBC

30-Jun: HUDA accountants,

Asst.Accountants

28-Jun: NPCI Managers

25-Jun: Account Officer, UP

27-Jun: ONGC accounts

21-Jun: Karnataka

Accounts/admin

21-Jun: OIC Secretary

I T / Co m p u t er

30-Aug: IITD Delhi system

admin(3)

15-Jul: System Op.Raebareli

10-Jul: Karnataka PC

operators

08-Jul: Ludhiana PC

operator

06-Jul: IT engg. in CRIS

(need GATE2014)

30-Jun: Mumbai IT

30-Jun: Data Entry

Op.Arunachal

28-Jun: RailTel IT jobs

20-Jun: SSC Data

Processing(9)

E n g i n eer s

11-Jul: Powergrid Sr.Engg

11-Jul: NBBC Engineers

03-Jul: AFCAT Airforce

01-Jul: WAPCOS Engg.



Poor countries wanted some cash in the

meantime (2013-19): but this demand was

rejected in Warsaw talk.

anyways, enough of the issues, lets check Indias

stand:

Indias stand @COP-19 Warsaw

We want CBDR

As usual, India called for CBDR: Common but

Differentiated Responsibility.

We accept that UNFCCC Convention and the

Kyoto Protocol are also applicable to all.

but this Universality does not mean uniformity.

Were against any legally binding

commitments.

Developing countries should be provided the

flexibility to choose their actions.

Rich nations should not to treat global

warming issues with a business perspective of

providing markets to their MNCs.

Were not irresponsible

India reiterated @Warsaw that were not as

irresponsible / evasive as rich nations portray us.

Consider some of the steps weve taken to combat

climate change:

Weve already made National Action

Plan on Climate Change.

(GATE2014)

30-Jun: CPRI Engg. Banglore

30-Jun: NALCO GATE 2014

23-Jun: Delhi Muni (Civ il,

Elec)

P o l i c e/ D ef en c e/ I n t e l .

CDS-notifn.@ 19Jul

06-Jul: Doctors in BSF

07-Jul: BSF ASI/H.Constables

03-Jul: AFCAT Airforce

30-Jun: DySP Gujarat(21)

30-Jun: Army(10+2) Technical

25-Jun: Uttrakhand Sub-inps.

(296)

25-Jun: Uttrakhand Platoon

Commanders(43)

23-Jun: NAVY 10+2 Officer

20-Jun: Indian Navy Sailor

20-Jun: ACIO Foreign

Language

S p ec i a l i s t

M ed i c a l / A l l i ed

07-Jul: Haryana Doctors

06-Jul: Doctors in BSF

03-Jul: Doctors in various

central org.

30-Jun: Delhi Doctors

30-Jun: Medical Officer

Chandigarh(10)

30-Jun: AIIMS Jodhpur

L eg a l

07-Jul: Haryana Attorney

20-Jun: SSC NR Legal(6)-need

workXP

S c i en c e/ Ag r i . G r a d s .

30-Aug: Lab Attendent NIFFT



NAPCC

Under this NAPCC, we have launched

eight missions in areas of energy

efficiency, solar energy, sustainable

habitat, water, forestry, sustaining

the Himalayan ecosystem,

agriculture and strategic knowledge

for climate change.

Our states have also formed their

plans and missions.

SOLAR

We have set a target of generating

20,000 MW of solar power by2020Already

achieved about 1200 mw presently.

ENERGY

EFFICIENCY

We have also introduced an

innovative trading

mechanism(Namely PAT Perform,

Achieve and Trade)for energy

efficiency.

(more given in one of my economic

survey articles)

COAL CESS

A National Clean energy Fund (NCEF)

ca$h comes from cess on coal of (Rs.

50 per tonne)

this ca$h is used for financing

renewable energy and environment

friendly projects.

1. Weve made voluntary commitment that well

reduce emissions intensity of our GDP by 20 to

25% by 2020 (compared with 2005 level.)

Ranchi

25-Jul: Himachal

Tech.Assistants

14-Jul: IHBT Himachal

10-Jul: Karnataka lab

assistant

10-Jul: Karnataka

Hort i.Field Asst .

10-Jul: Scient ist MP

05-Jul: DRDO scientists

05-Jul: SAIL technician

03-Jul: NIFTEM technician

04-Jul: Scient ist Tamilnadu

003Jul: Dehradun

Scient ist/Asst .

04-Jul: Assistants

Tamilnadu

30-Jun: Rajasthan Agro

officers

27-Jun: ONGC Assistants

20-Jun: BEL Pune Operators

20-Jun: SSC NR Field

Officer(49) Need M.Sc Agro/Soil

20-Jun: SSC NR Chemist(23)

Need M.Sc

20-Jun: SSC NR Various

S p ec . O t h er s

07-Jul: Haryana Town

planner

30-Jun: Loksabha Interpreter

24-Jun: SSC Steno

20-Jun: SSC NR Investigator

(MA Socio/Anthro)

20-Jun: Supreme Court PA

M i s c . D es k j o b s

30-Aug: clerks NIFFT Ranchi



2. We have also committed that our per capita

emissions will not exceed those of the

developed countries in future also.

3. Were large country with a very small carbon

footprint. our per capita emission is only 1.7

tonnes per annum, despite our heavy

dependence oil import, were committed to

follow the path of sustainable development.

India s stand on Agriculture vs cl imate

change

India is against any mitigation mechanism to

reduce emission from agriculture.

for example, if UNFCC gangmember comes up

with some idea that all nations should stop

paying urea subsidies or cheap electricity to

their farmers or stop paying grants to slaughter

houses etc=>

then India will oppose such mitigation

mechanism for agriculture

Because Majority of Indian junta depends on

agriculture- poverty, food security angles (and

ofcourse vote bank)

So, Instead of mitigation, India advocates

adaptation mechanisms to reduce emission

from agriculture e.g. organic farming,

watershed, sustainable development etc. but

that too without any legally binding

commitments or targets.

Same stand by China and some African

countries.

31-Jul: NGT

Secretary ,Steno,Translators

15-Jul: Raebareli Deskjobs

30-Jun: Delhi Teachers

27-Jun: ONGC

Steno/Typist

24-Jun: Haryana Court

Clerks(68)

21-Jun: Delhi TGT

21-Jun: Delhi Primary

School

20-Jun: SSC NR Various-

Primary teacher, translator,

Library etc

L ec t u r e/ P r o f .

27-Jun: CIT Assam

20-Jun: NIFTEM Professors

W a r n i n g

DONOT wait til l last

date. Online Form Part1

stops working 2-3 days

b4 deadline.

DONOT forget/misplace

registration/roll

number/hall ticket after

exam is over.



India s stand on Ca$h 4 climate

change

India maintained that:

1. Simply creating the institutional arrangements

like Green Climate Fund does not help because

they dont have much ca$h.

2. COP-19 conference needs to comeup with a

clear roadmap on provision of finance for

2013-15, 2015-2017 and then up to 2020.

3. Public finance should be the primary source of

fund for climate finance. (US wants majority of

ca$h should come from private companies,

MNCs etc.)

India s stand on HFC

Montreal Protocol (1987)= to phase out ozone

depleting substances chlorofluorocarbons

(CFCs) , hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) etc.

They were used as refrigerants, aerosol

propellants, solvents, AC in building and

vehicles, and fire retardants.

everyone including India banned those ozone

depleting substances.

but then refrigeration/AC industries shifted to

using Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) because

HFCs are cheap

HFCs are technically not an ozone depleting

substance. Hence not covered under

Montreal protocol

However theyre still potent greenhouse gases,



with a warming effect much higher than carbon

dioxide.

USA India

wants HFC

matter to be

covered

under

Montreal

protocol

that way

everyone,

including

India-China

will have to

ban HFCs.

wants HFC matter be kept under

UNFCCC+Kyoto- then itll be

mandatory only for the

developed (rich) countries to

phase out HFC gases.

And India/China wont have

legally binding

responsibility=>their local

industry will be saved.

India reiterated this HFC stand during COP-19

Warsaw talks.

India s stand on Technology transfer

UNFCC wants developed countries to give

(secret james bond) technology to developing

countries so they can combat climate change.

But America is now reluctant. Instead of giving

technology- USA wants to just promote

investment in third world.

In that respect, Indian wanted that Green

Climate fund (GCF) should give special funding

to transfer IPR protected technology from rich

to developing countries.



Because without ca$h and technology transfer,

developing countries cannot carry out

Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions

NAMAs.

India s stand on Misc. issues

we support the demand of poor countries for

Loss and damage

Were dismayed to see some rich countries

(Japan, Canada and Australia) have rolled back

from their earlier commitments about reducing

Greenhouse gas emission.

Warsaw outcomes:

List not exhaustive

2015 Deal

In December 2015, well hold a

summit in Paris to outline what to

do after 2020 (i.e. when Kyoto

mechanism expires)

but before this Paris summit,

all countries must announce their

plans before end of 1st quarter of

2015

about how theyll curb greenhouse

gas (GHG) emission beyond 2020

such national plans will be called

intended nationally determined

contributions. (Observe it doesnt

contain the word commitment-

because India-China opposed that



term)

Loss And

Damage

agreement called the Warsaw

international mechanism for loss

and damage (IMLD).

As per this agreement, disaster

victims in developing country will

receive aid from the developed

countries. BUT it will not be linked

with any liability /commitment.

will also provide expertise and aid,

to help developing nations cope

with extreme events related to

climate change.

2016: well review the exact form of

this mechanism.

Cash

Merely urged developed nations to set

increasing levels of aid to poor

countries. but didnt set any targets for

2013-19.

CDM

@countries that donot have legally

binding emission targets.well

encourage them to use carbon credits

under CLEAN DEVELOPMENT

MECHANISM (CDM)In 2014, well hold a

special technical meeting to iron out

the details.

deforestationadopted REDD+ to combat

deforestation.



Limitations/Criticism of Warsaw

Talks/COP-19

1. They contemplated over the post-2020 scenario

but did not outline any near term actions

(2013-19) to combat climate change.

2. No mechanism on how $100 billion will come

in 2020

3. No special funding to poor countries for 2013-

19 period.

4. Its all a useless exercise as long as the worlds

prominent emitters India and China receive

special treatment. Both act as a firewall

between rich and poor countries, refuse any

legally binding commitments.

5. More than 800 NGOs staged a walkout from

the Warsaw talks because developed countries

are making no firm commitments to combat

climate change, and the corporate

interests/lobbying are taking over the

environmental interest.

6. Japans Gaddari to UNFCC:

Earlier Japan had promised well cut our

emission by 25% (from 1990 levels)

But during this summit, Japan announced,

not possible!, well infact increase our

emission by ~3% compared to 1990 level

Similarly, Canada and Australia also scaled

down their targets.

7. S.Africas Gaddari to BASIC:

Earlier S.Africa followed BASIC stand = We

dont want legally binding commitments to



reduce Greenhouse gas emission

But recently S.Africa wrote an official letter

to UNFCC that new climate change treaty

should impose legally binding

commitments.

8. Russias anger

that UNFCCs conferences are failing to be

impartial- Not taking decisions based on

consensus.

Instead a few vocal members tend to

overshadow the proceedings.

9. Indias dissatisfaction that

Rich nations are treating global warming

issues with a business perspective of

providing markets to domestic companies.

How rich nations including Japan,

Canada and Australia to scale down

ambition and lowering of targets of

emissions.

How Green Climate fund is useless without

any coffers.

10. Mere Lip service to issues related to black

carbon, agricultural methane, energy efficient

buildings-equipment etc.

Mock Questions

Q1. Consider following statements about

Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs)

1. HFCs are used as refrigerants, aerosol

propellants, solvents, AC in buildings and

vehicles.



2. HFCs are ozone depleting substances.

3. HFCs are greenhouse gases

4. Use of HFCs is banned under Montreal protocol

The Correct statements are:

1. only 1 and 2

2. only 1 and 3

3. only 1, 2 and 4

4. all of them

Q2. Consider following statements about

COP-19 under UNFCC

1. This conference was held in Warsaw, Norway.

2. During this conference, India opposed the loss

and damage principle.

3. led to conclusion of REDD+ agreement.

4. Mandated all member countries to announce

national plans before the end of 2013 to

combat global warming.

The incorrect statements are:

1. only 1 and 2

2. only 3 and 4

3. only 1, 2 and 4

4. all of them

Mains

5 marks

1. COP-19 UNFCC

2. Warsaw international mechanism for loss

and damage (IMLD).



3. Like-Minded Developing Countries (LMDG)

4. REDD+

12 marks

1. Briefly outline the initiatives taken by India

to combat climate change in recent years.

2. Contrary to the perception among

developed countries, India is seriously

committed to combating global warming

and climate change. Elaborate.

3. At COP-19 summit in Warsaw, India has

succeeded in safeguarding its interests. Do

you agree? Justify your stand.

4. What are Hydro fluorocarbons (HFCs)? What

is Indias stand on the usage of HFCs?

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Chanakya 25/11/2013 at 13:08

Reply

awesome !! i left reading newspaper since 5th so

was waiting for this before mains :)

rajesh 25/11/2013 at 14:20

Reply

Chillar party:Cuba, Nicaragua, Ecuador and

Thailand LOL :)

H.s 25/11/2013 at 14:20

Reply

warsaw*

Chacha Chaudhary 25/11/2013 at 14:33

Reply

Sir plz upload hindu S&T sep-nov compilation

article.

Mains sar par hai plzzzz ham garibo ka khyal

kariye.



Praful 25/11/2013 at 17:24

Reply

Q1. B

Q2. C

sushma 25/11/2013 at 17:32

Reply

thank you plz provide model q.papers 4 civils

mains 2013

alok 25/11/2013 at 19:31

Reply

amazing..well explained

Tahir Ahmed Majid 25/11/2013 at 21:46

Reply

Odes to you sir. May Almighty Allah bless you a

long life. Ameen.

Bhavna Tanwar 25/11/2013 at 22:24

Reply

Thank you very much sir..

Amit 25/11/2013 at 23:18

Reply

Q1.Ans is B..

Dc 25/11/2013 at 23:23

Reply

Thanks for this wonderful article.

Ans-

1-B

2-C

GAYUR HASAN 26/11/2013 at 03:01

Reply

superb article,, thanks mrunal



GAYUR HASAN 26/11/2013 at 03:04

Reply

finally i understood this climate conundrum..

thanks sir,thanks a lot

AJIT NANDAN 26/11/2013 at 14:12

Reply

thanx Mrunals sir.cop-19 article is very much

fruitfulspecially thanx 4 graphical

represantation.its awesome.hope all this will

cotinue forever.

thank u

suresh 26/11/2013 at 14:51

Reply

thanks alot.

suresh 26/11/2013 at 14:52

Reply

Thanks for all.

Manish Kumar 26/11/2013 at 14:53

Reply

Very good artical with clear picture in lay man

language.

Answer.

1 D

2 A

J A 26/11/2013 at 20:17

Reply

b

c

Rachana 26/11/2013 at 21:43

Wonderful article sir.Thank you for explaining

such a crucial current affairs topic in a clear,lucid

language.



Reply

mangal 27/11/2013 at 03:21

Reply

thanks brother

anks 30/11/2013 at 16:01

Reply

hey isnt something wrong in lmdg

arvind 13/12/2013 at 13:19

Reply

thanksnow understood.. see the real war at

Warsaw..

J A 22/01/2014 at 18:00

Reply

1-b

2-c

shiva kant 16/02/2014 at 00:37

Reply

Complete in every respect.

Thx..a lot.

Roopa 17/02/2014 at 20:40

Reply

Good amount of information !!!!Thanks a lot.

Bin2 24/03/2014 at 20:08

Reply

Thanks a lot sir

RIT 28/03/2014 at 09:35

Reply

superb and excellent message

dr.dadasaheb dhage 13/04/2014 at 12:43

Q.1)B,Q.2)C.VALUABLE BRIEFING.THANKS A



Reply

LOT SIR.

shireen 23/05/2014 at 17:17

Reply

gddd

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[COP-19_UNFCC] Warsaw Climate Change Conference, India's Stand, Outcomes, Limitation - Mrunal

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Transcript of [COP-19_UNFCC] Warsaw Climate Change Conference, India's Stand, Outcomes, Limitation - Mrunal