COOTER Danos Punitivos

8/11/2019 COOTER Danos Punitivos

1/18


2/18

('&0#/ n&t "(; 80!$( t& /t!$n t' 9tnt & p0n$('nt $t'&0t p!&4$/$ng$n(t!0)t$&n( &! $t( )&p0t"t$&n !& t' ")t( & t' )"(.

C&n($(tn)- !:0$!( "pp$ng !&ng( &!/!/ +- (!$&0(n(( $nt& p0n$('nt( &!/!/+- (4!$t-. T' g&"# & /t!!n) p!&4$/( " +"($( &! )&n($(tnt p0n$('nt.3T'

)&0!t $n " t-p$)"# )"( ('&0#/ $p&( t' $n$0 p0n$('nt !:0$!/ t& /t!!&ng/&$ng. In 80!- t!$"#(2 t' )&0!t ('&0#/ $n(t!0)t t' 80!- &n '& t& )&p0t t'$n$0 p0n$('nt !:0$!/ &! /t!!n).T& )&p0t t' $n$02 I /$(t$ng0$('

+tn $ntnt$&n"# "n/ 0n$ntnt$&n"# !&ng/&$ng +- " t'&!- & !"t$&n"# (#+"/ n&0g'> $( (t (& '$g' t'"t )"(( :0"#$-. M&(t (t"t( '"4 "(t"t0t )&n)!n$ng t' $n)$/n) "n/ 9tnt & p0n$t$4 /""g(. A))&!/$ng t& t' 0(0"#&!0#"t$&n2 p0n$t$4 /""g( )"n + ""!// 'n t' /n/"nt( +'"4$&! $("#$)$&0(2 &pp!(($42 g!&((2 $##0# "n/ "nt&n2 &! !"0/0#nt. T' (t"t0t( t-p$)"##-$/nt$- ")t&!( &! t' )&0!t t& )&n($/! 'n (tt$ng t' "&0nt & p0n$t$4 /""g(2$n)#0/$ng t' (!$&0(n(( & t' !&ng "n/ t' "+$#$t- & t' /n/"nt t& p"- /""g(. @

T'( p'!"(( p!&4$/ g0$/#$n( &! )&0!t(2 +0t t' g0$/#$n( '"4 n4! +n&!0#"t/ $nt& !0#(. P0n$t$4 /""g( "! (0pp&(/ t& +"! " >!"(&n"+# !#"t$&n('$p>t& )&pn("t&!- /""g(2 +0t t' #" /&( n&t p!()!$+ "n-t'$ng /$n$t. 1&!9"p#2 t' #" /&( n&t ("- 't'! p0n$t$4 /""g( ('&0#/ 9)/ )&pn("t&!-/""g( +- t& t$( &! 5 t$(. In t' t-p$)"# )"( $n4$ng p0n$t$4 /""g(2 t'

80!- $( "(;/ t& /)$/ 't'! p0n$t$4 /""g( ('&0#/ + ""!//2 "n/2 $ (&2 '&0)' t& ""!/. T' 80!-2 '&4!2 /&( n&t !)$4 /$n$t $n(t!0)t$&n( &! "n(!$ng$t'! :0(t$&n. In(t!0)t$&n( "! (& t'$n t'"t t' 80!-( $nt0$t$&n( /t!$n /""g(.

S$n) 80!$( !)$4 $n$0 g0$/"n) !& 80/g(2 ""!/( "! 0np!/$)t"+#. T&$##0(t!"t2 t' !"t$& & p0n$t$4 /""g( t& )&pn("t&!- /""g( ""!// !)nt#- +-
http://www.law.duke.edu/journals/lcp/articles/lcp60dSummer1997p73.htm#F3%23F3http://www.law.duke.edu/journals/lcp/articles/lcp60dSummer1997p73.htm#F4%23F4http://www.law.duke.edu/journals/lcp/articles/lcp60dSummer1997p73.htm#F4%23F4http://www.law.duke.edu/journals/lcp/articles/lcp60dSummer1997p73.htm#F5%23F5http://www.law.duke.edu/journals/lcp/articles/lcp60dSummer1997p73.htm#F6%23F6http://www.law.duke.edu/journals/lcp/articles/lcp60dSummer1997p73.htm#F3%23F3http://www.law.duke.edu/journals/lcp/articles/lcp60dSummer1997p73.htm#F4%23F4http://www.law.duke.edu/journals/lcp/articles/lcp60dSummer1997p73.htm#F5%23F5http://www.law.duke.edu/journals/lcp/articles/lcp60dSummer1997p73.htm#F6%23F6


3/18

80!$( "##( "( #& "( 55 "n/ !$(( t& " n0+! "pp!&")'$ng $n$n$t- "( )&pn("t&!-/""g( "pp!&")' %!&.7In &n !)nt )"(2 t' [*pg 7@]80!- ""!// 3 +$##$&n $n

p0n$t$4 /""g(.M"n- p!$4"t $n(0!"n) )&nt!")t( /& n&t )&4! #$"+$#$t- &! p0n$t$4/""g(2 "n/ (& (t"t( &0t#" $n(0!"n) "g"$n(t #$"+$#$t- &! p0n$t$4 /""g(.A#t'&0g' !"!#- ""!//2 p0n$t$4 /""g( !p!(nt " ($gn$$)"nt !$(; t& (&

A!$)"n /n/"nt(. ,$tt# &n/! t'"t /n/"nt( )&nt$n0 t& "!g0 $t'&0t (0))(((& "!F t'"t p0n$t$4 /""g( "## 0n/! t' p!&'$+$t$&n & 9)(($4 $n( +- t' E$g't'An/nt t& t' Un$t/ St"t( C&n(t$t0t$&n.0!- $nt0$t$&n "+&0t t' 9tnt &

p0n$('nt p!&4$/( "n 0n)!t"$n "n/ 0n(t"+# &0n/"t$&n &! #".

III. WHY PUNISH?

In )&n&$) &/#( & #$"+$#$t-2 >p!)t )&pn("t$&n> #"4( t' 4$)t$ $n/$!nt+tn n& '"! "n/ '"! $t' )&pn("t$&n.5In &t'! &!/(2 p!)t )&pn("t$&n!(t&!( t' 4$)t$ t& t' (" $n/$!n) )0!4 "( $ n& $n80!- '"/ &))0!!/. A

#$"+$#$t- (-(t $t' p!)t )&pn("t$&n &0#/ "; 4$)t$( $n/$!nt "+&0t t'+'"4$&! & $n80!!(. I 4$)t$( "! $n/$!nt2 t'n $n80!!( ('&0#/ + ! t& /)$/'& t& ")t. T'( ")t( p&( t' t'&!t$)"# :0(t$&n2 >W'- n&t p!$t 4!-t'$ng "n/'/ $n80!!( #$"+# &! t' )&n(:0n)(?> T& /4#&p t' &0n/"t$&n &! " t'&!- &

p0n$t$4 /""g(2 I $## ('"!pn t'$( :0(t$&n "n/ "n(! $t.

A. Internalize r Deter?

P!$(($&n t& /& (&t'$ng2 p!&4$// t'"t &n p"-( " p!$) (t +- t' )&0!t2 '"( +n)"##/ " #$"+$#$t- !$g't. T& $##0(t!"t2 )&p"n$( "- + p!$tt/ t& ng"g $n ")t$4$t$(t'"t )!"t " n0$("n) p!&4$// t'"t t'- )&pn("t t' 4$)t$(. 55A#t!n"t$4#-2 #"

"- &!+$/ p&p# t& '"! &t'!( "n/ p0n$(' t'&( '& $ntnt$&n"##- 4$"t t'p!&'$+$t$&n. T& $##0(t!"t2 #" "n/ &!"#$t- &!+$/ p&p# t& )&$t !"0/ &! /!$4!);#((#-.

,$"+$#$t- !$g't( "n/ p!&'$+$t$&n( #&)"t /)$($&n( /$!nt#-. 1&! " #$"+$#$t- !$g't2 t'$n80!! $( ! t& /)$/ 't'! &! n&t t& ")t2 p!&4$// ' p"-( /""g(. In )&nt!"(t2

p0n$('nt (0+&!/$n"t( t' $n/$4$/0"#( !/& t& t' g!&0p( 80/gnt "+&0t !$g't"n/ !&ng. W$t' " #$"+$#$t- !$g't2 p!)t )&pn("t$&n $nt!n"#$%( t' '"! )"0(/ +-t' $n80!!. W$t' " p!&'$+$t$&n2 p0n$('nt $/"##- /t!( !&ng/&$ng.

T& 0n/!(t"n/ /t!!n)2 )&n($/! t' p"!"### +tn 4$)t$( )&pn("t$&n "n/$n80!!( /$(g&!gnt. D$(g&!gnt ";( t' $n80!! g$4 0p '$( [*pg 77]g"$n( !&t' $n80!-. >P!)t /$(g&!gnt> $( " (0 & &n- t'"t #"4( t' $n80!! $n/$!nt

+tn t' $n80!- $t' #$"+$#$t- &! /""g( &! n& $n80!-.56In &t'! &!/(2 p!)t/$(g&!gnt !(t&!( t' $n80!! t& t' (" $n/$!n) )0!4 "( $ n& $n80!- '"/&))0!!/. D""g( t'"t 9)/ t' "&0nt !:0$!/ &! p!)t /$(g&!gnt "! 9t!")&pn("t&!- /""g(> t& t' 4$)t$( &0n)&pn("+# '"!(. In )"(( '! )&pn("t$&n $( $p&(($+#2 t' p'!"(>)&pn("t&!- /""g(> +"/#- $(#"/( p&p# )&n)!n$ng t' p0!p&( & /""g(.,g"# #"ng0"g &+()0!( "n&t'! p0!p&( &! /""g( $n (0)' )"((. T' p0!p&( $( t&/t! p&p# !& 9p&($ng &t'!( t& 0n!"(&n"+# !$(;(. I $## 9p#"$n '& t&$p#nt t'$( g&"# t'!&0g' /""g(.

S&)$"# n&!( &tn !(t!$)t "n/ !g0#"t +'"4$&! t'"t )"0(( 0n)&pn("+# #&(((. T&

$##0(t!"t2 )&n4nt$&n"# &!"#$t- &!+$/( "(("0#t. S$$#"!#-2 )0!!nt (&)$"# n&!( $nC"#$&!n$" "pp"!nt#- !:0$! t' /!$4! t& "; (0! t'"t "## )'$#/!n $n )"!( 0( ("t

+#t(. S&)$"# n&!(2 '&4!2 &tn /& n&t (t$p0#"t t' /""g( &/ t& 4$)t$( &!&ng/&$ng. T& $##0(t!"t2 (&)$"# n&!( /& n&t (p)$- '& 0)' t& )&pn("t(&&n '& "( p0n)'/ $n t' n&( &! '& #&(t " )'$#/ $n "n "))$/nt. G$4n t'(")t(2 80!$( $n/ &+#$g"t$&n( &! !#$"+#- t'"n t'- /& /""g(. 1&! 9"p#2 80!$(# &! )&n$/nt "+&0t "n &+#$g"t$&n t& !/0) " p"!t$)0#"! !$(; t& " )'$#/( #$ t'"n"+&0t t' /""g( t'"t &0#/ )&pn("t t' p"!nt $ t' !$(; "t!$"#$%(.

W'n )&pn("t$&n $( $p&(($+#2 "n "pp!&p!$"t g&"# & #$"+$#$t- #" $( t& /t!!&ng/&!( !& 4$"t$ng )&0n$t- (t"n/"!/(. Stt$ng /""g( "t t' "pp!&p!$"t

#4# ";( !"t$&n"##- (#


6/18

)&n(t$t0t( ng#$gn). O+8)t$4 ")t( (t"+#$(' t' !/0)t$&n $n t' p!&+"+$#$t-p& "n"))$/nt )"0(/ +-%. G$4n%"n/p2 t' )&0!t ('&0#/ )&p0tL+- ($ngLK%p. I)"## t'$( "pp!&")' t' >!$(; :0$4"#nt> t'&/2 +)"0( $t "$( &! :0$4"#n) +tn&n- "n/ t' !$(;2 n&t :0$4"#n) +tn &n- "n/ t' #&((.5@

[*pg ]T& $##0(t!"t2 )&n($/! t' )&p0t"t$&n & /""g( &! t' "))$/nt"# /"t' & ")'$#/. C&0!t( $n/ (t"n/"!/( & ng#$gn) $n (&)$"# n&!( "n/ !$n t'. I (&)$"#n&!( "( &0n/ +- )&0!t( !:0$! "n ")t&! t& (pn/ 5 &n p!)"0t$&n( t& !/0) t'

p!&+"+$#$t- & " )'$#/( "))$/nt"# /"t' +- .52 t'n t' :0$4"#nt 4"#0 & t' !$(;:0"#( 5.52 &! 5 $##$&n. In t'$( 9"p#2 t' +0!/n%:0"#( 52 t'

p!&+"+$#$t-p:0"#( .5. T'( ")t( $p#- t'"t t' #$"+$#$t-L('&0#/ :0"# 5 $##$&n.

R"t$&n"##- (#


7/18


8/18


9/18

T' $nt!()t$&n $n t' )0!4( /p$)t( "n $nt!$&! :0$#$+!$0 '! !$g't/&!( "n/!&ng/&!( !)$4 t' (" 9p)t/ p"-&.

1IGURE 5STAB,E EUI,IBRIUM

[*pg ]N& )&n($/! '- t' :0$#$+!$0 $( (t"+#. I t' p!&p&!t$&n & !&ng/&!($n)!"(( +-&n/ t' :0$#$+!$0 #4#2 t' p"-& t& !$g't/&!( !$(( "+&4 t' p"-& t&!&ng/&!(. W$t' !$g't/&!( !)$4$ng '$g'! p"-&(2 (& !&ng/&!( )'"ng t'$!

+'"4$&!. T' n0+! & !&ng/&!( /)#$n( 0nt$# :0$#$+!$0 $( !(t&!/. C&n4!(#-2$ t' p!&p&!t$&n & !&ng/&!( /)!"(( +#& t' :0$#$+!$0 #4#2 t' p"-& t&!&ng/&!( !$(( "+&4 t' p"-& t& !$g't/&!(2 (& !&ng/&!( $## $n)!"( $n n0+!0nt$# :0$#$+!$0 $( !(t&!/.

A( 9p#"$n/2 (t"+$#$t- !(0#t( !& "((0$ng t'"t "n $n)!"( $n t' p!&p&!t$&n &!&ng/&!( '"!( !&ng/&!( &! t'"n !$g't/&!(. N& )'"ng t' "((0pt$&n( "n/"((0 t'"t "n $n)!"( $n t' p!&p&!t$&n & !&ng/&!( '"!( !&ng/&!( #(( t'"n!$g't/&!(. 1$g0! 6 /p$)t( t'$( ($t0"t$&n. T' $nt!()t$&n & t' )0!4( !p!(nt( "n$nt!$&! :0$#$+!$0 t'"t $( 0n(t"+#. Bg$nn$ng !& t' $nt!$&! :0$#$+!$02 "n$n)!"( $n !&ng/&!( )"0(( t' p"-&( & !&ng/&!( t& !$( "+&4 t' p"-&( t&!$g't/&!(2 (& t' n0+! & !&ng/&!( )&nt$n0( t& $n)!"(. T' p!&)(( n/( "t t'(t"+# :0$#$+!$0 "t t' #&! !$g't )&!n! '! 4!-&n /&( !&ng.

1IGURE 6UNSTAB,E EUI,IBRIUM

C&n4!(#-2 +g$nn$ng !& t' 0n(t"+# $nt!$&! :0$#$+!$02 " /)!"( $n !&ng/&!()"0(( t' p"-&( & !&ng/&!( t& "## +#& t' p"-&( t& !$g't/&!(2 (& t' n0+!& !$g't/&!( $n)!"((. T' p!&)(( n/( "t t' (t"+# :0$#$+!$0 "t t' 0pp! #t)&!n! '! 4!-&n /&( !$g't.

1&! n&!( & )&&p!"t$&n2 t' )0!4( 9p!(($ng p"-&( t& !$g't/&!( "n/ !&ng/&!((#&p /&n t& 9p!(( t' #&(( $n p!&/0)t$4$t- "( t' p!&p&!t$&n & !&ng/&!($n)!"((. T'&!-2 '&4!2 /&( n&t p!()!$+ t' g!"/$nt & t' )0!4(. T' )0!4($g't $nt!()t &! t'"n &n). 1$g0! 3 /p$)t( t'$( p&(($< [*pg =]+$#$t-. 1$g0! 3 '"( "(t"+# $nt!$&! :0$#$+!$0 $t' !&ng/&!(2 "n 0n(t"+# $nt!$&! :0$#$+!$0 $t'"n- !&ng/&!(2 "n/ " (t"+# )&!n! :0$#$+!$0 $t' "## !&ng/&!(. In 1$g0! 32 t'(-(t (t"+$#$%( 'n p&p# 6=F /& !&ng &! 'n 4!-&n 5F /&(!&ng.

1IGURE 3MU,TIP,E EUI,IBRIA
http://www.law.duke.edu/journals/lcp/articles/lcp60DSummer1997p73fig1.pdfhttp://www.law.duke.edu/journals/lcp/articles/lcp60DSummer1997p73fig1.pdfhttp://www.law.duke.edu/journals/lcp/articles/lcp60DSummer1997p73fig2.pdfhttp://www.law.duke.edu/journals/lcp/articles/lcp60DSummer1997p73fig2.pdfhttp://www.law.duke.edu/journals/lcp/articles/lcp60DSummer1997p73fig3.pdfhttp://www.law.duke.edu/journals/lcp/articles/lcp60DSummer1997p73fig3.pdfhttp://www.law.duke.edu/journals/lcp/articles/lcp60DSummer1997p73fig1.pdfhttp://www.law.duke.edu/journals/lcp/articles/lcp60DSummer1997p73fig1.pdfhttp://www.law.duke.edu/journals/lcp/articles/lcp60DSummer1997p73fig2.pdfhttp://www.law.duke.edu/journals/lcp/articles/lcp60DSummer1997p73fig2.pdfhttp://www.law.duke.edu/journals/lcp/articles/lcp60DSummer1997p73fig3.pdfhttp://www.law.duke.edu/journals/lcp/articles/lcp60DSummer1997p73fig3.pdf


10/18

N& I /$()0(( '& #" )"n $n#0n) t' (-(t( & (&)$"# n&!( /p$)t/ $n 1$g0!( 5262 "n/ 3. A((0 t'"t #"";!( !"$( t' (&)$"# &+#$g"t$&n t& t' #4# & " #g"#&+#$g"t$&n "n/ "tt")' " ("n)t$&n t& $t( 4$"t$&n. T' #g"# ("n)t$&n )"0(( t'

!&ng/&!( p"-& )0!4 t& ('$t /&n $n t' $g0!(. I t' !&ng/&!( )0!4 ('$t(/&n $n 1$g0! 52 t'n t' :0$#$+!$0 &4( t& t' #t. B)"0( !&ng/&$ng/)!"((2 t' n :0$#$+!$0 '"( &! )&&p!"t$&n "n/ '$g'! p!&/0)t$&n. G$4n "(t"+# $nt!$&! :0$#$+!$0 $n t' (-(t & (&)$"# n&!(2 $p&($ng #g"# ("n)t$&n( /t!(!&ng/&!( "!g$n"##-.

Dt!!n)2 '&4!2 '"( /$!nt )&n(:0n)( $n 1$g0! 6. R)"## t'"t t' $nt!$&!:0$#$+!$0 $( 0n(t"+#. S$n) t' (-(t /&( n&t (tt# "t t' $nt!$&! :0$#$+!$02("## )'"ng( $n t' $nt!$&! :0$#$+!$0 '"4 #$tt# &! n& )&n(:0n)( &! t' (&)$"#(-(t.63Att")'$ng " #g"# ("n)t$&n t& t' (&)$"# &+#$g"t$&n )"0(( t' !&ng/&!(

p"-& )0!4 t& ('$t /&n $n 1$g0! 6. A /&n"!/ ('$t $n t' !&ng/&!( p"-&

)0!4 ('$t( t' $nt!$&! :0$#$+!$0 "n/ /&( n&t )'"ng t' )&!n! :0$#$+!$". E$t'!4!-&n )&nt$n0( /&$ng !&ng2 &! #( 4!-&n )&nt$n0( /&$ng !$g't. In $t'! )"(2t' $p&($t$&n & " #g"# ("n)t$&n '"( n& /t!!n) )t.

[*pg @]B($/( /t!!$ng !&ng/&$ng2 #" )&&!/$n"t( 9p)t"t$&n(. G$4n " (-(t &(&)$"# n&!( $t' 0#t$p# :0$#$+!$"2 t' )&&!/$n"t$&n )t( & #" )"n + /!""t$). In1$g0! 62 4!-&n /&( !$g't &! 4!-&n /&( !&ng. A((0 t'"t 4!-&n /&(!&ng. N& t' (t"t !"$(( t' (&)$"# &+#$g"t$&n t& t' #4# & #". I p&p# !(p)t#"2 n")t$ng t' &+#$g"t$&n $nt& #" "- )"0( p&p# t& )'"ng t'$! 9p)t"t$&n(. I

p&p# t'$n; 4!-&n #( $## ($t)' !& /&$ng !&ng t& /&$ng !$g't2 t'n t'p!&p')- $## 0#$## $t(#. En")t$ng t' #" $## )"0( t' :0$#$+!$0 t& 80p !& t'!$g't )&!n!2 '! 4!-&n /&( !&ng2 t& t' #t )&!n!2 '! 4!-&n /&( !$g't.

T' 9p!(($4 t'&!- & #" !p!(nt( "n "#t!n"t$4 t& t' /t!!n) t'&!- & #".A))&!/$ng t& t' 9p!(($4 t'&!- & #"2 t' 9p!(($&n & (&)$"# 4"#0( $( "n$p&!t"nt 0n)t$&n & t' )&0!t(26&! p&(($+#- t' &(t $p&!t"nt 0n)t$&n & t')&0!t(.6=T' )#"(($)"# &!0#"t$&n(2 '&4!2 /$/ n&t "n"#-% t' +'"4$&!"#)&n(:0n)( & 9p!(($4 #". T' "$n $n/$ng & (0)' "n "n"#-($( $( t'"t2 g$4n0#t$p# :0$#$+!$" $n " (-(t & (&)$"# n&!(2 9p!(($&n & #g"# )&$tnt( )"n)"0( /!""t$) 80p( $n +'"4$&!.

I '"4 9p#"$n/ t'"t #g"# ("n)t$&n( )'"ng +'"4$&! "!g$n"##- $n " (t"+# (-(t &(&)$"# n&!(2 "n/ #g"# 9p!(($&n )"n )'"ng +'"4$&! n&n


11/18


12/18

T"+# 5 /()!$+( $n)nt$4 )t( t'"t $n#0n) !"t$&n"# ")t&!(. T&!t #$"+$#$t-2 '&4!2&tn "!$(( !& /$$n$('/ !"t$&n"#$t-. R"t$&n"#$t- /$$n$('( 'n p&p# $(t";n#-"(((( ")t(. In )"(( & 0n$ntn// !&ng(2 t' ")t&! /&( n&t ;n& t'"t ' $( /&$ng(&t'$ng !&ng. T& $##0(t!"t2 I "- /!$4 t&& "(t +)"0( I /& n&t n&t$) t'"t I "n"! " ()'&. W'n " !&ng $( [*pg ]0n$ntn//2 t' ")t&! /&( n&t &!( p&(($+#

p0n$('nt2 (& $t )"nn&t /t! '$. S$$#"!#-2 $n )"(( & 0n/!


13/18

N& I !t0!n t& t' )&nn)t$&n +tn $ntnt$&n "n/ /""g(. ,$"+$#$t- &! 0n$ntn//'"!( )"0(( $n80!!( t& $nt!n"#$% t' +n$t( & (#


14/18

/""g( t& /t! !&ng/&$ng /pn/( 0p&n t' !#"t$4 ($% & t' n&!)nt !!&!"n/ t' 80p $n #$"+$#$t- )&(t( "t t' #g"# (t"n/"!/.

M"#$) $( " ()&n/ &t$4 &! $ntnt$&n"# !&ng/&$ng. T' "(("$#"nt '& $n(0#t( "n/+!";( - n&( p!(0"+#- /!$4( (&t'$ng 4"#0"+# !& '$( ")t2 (0)' "(

("t$(")t$&n. S0+8)t$4 ("t$(")t$&n $( /$$)0#t t& &+(!4 "n/ &tn $p&(($+# t&"(0!. C&n(:0nt#-2 n& !0# 9$(t( &! )&p0t$ng t' p0n$('nt !:0$!/ t& /t!"#$)$&0( ")t(. A#t'&0g' t"$#&!$ng p0n$('nt t& $n/$4$/0"#( $( /$$)0#t2 (t"t$(t$)"#4$/n) )"n ('& t' "4!"g !#"t$&n('$p +tn p0n$('nt "n/ /t!!n). A($t' )!$$n"# $n(2 t' )"#$+!"t$&n & p0n$t$4 /""g( &! "#$) 0(t !#- 0p&n (0)'"gg!g"t (t"t$(t$)(.

S#


15/18

0n$:02 (t"+# :0$#$+!$02 ("n)t$&n( /t! "!g$n"##-. S&)$"# n&!(2 '&4!2 p!&4$/ "+tt! g0$/ t& t' n/ &! p0n$t$4 /""g( t'"n t& t'$! 9tnt. C&0!t( "; " (!$&0(!!&! $n "(;$ng 80!&!( t& "(($gn p0n$t$4 /""g( $t'&0t p!&4$/$ng /t"$#/ $n(t!0)t$&n(&n t'$! )&p0t"t$&n. T' )&0!t $n " t-p$)"# )"( ('&0#/ $p&( t' $n$0

p0n$('nt !:0$!/ t& /t! !&ng/&$ng.

OOTNOTES

C&p-!$g't 57 +- ," "n/ C&ntp&!"!- P!&+#(

T'$( "!t$)# $( "#(& "4"$#"+# "t 'ttp.#"./0;./08&0!n"#(#)p.

* H!"n 1. S#4$n P!&((&! & ,"2 Un$4!($t- & C"#$&!n$" "t B!;#-.

5. 1&! "n &4!4$ & t' 4"(t )&n&$) #$t!"t0! &n #$"+$#$t-2 ( R&+!t D. C&&t!2'onomi' "eories o Le#a! Liabi!it*2 = . ECON. PERSP. 55 S0! 55F. A(

&! p0n$t$4 /""g(2 " (-p&($0 &n t' )&n&$) "n"#-($( & p0n$t$4 /""g("( p0+#$('/ $n 56 $n S-p&($02Punitie +ama#es2 =@ S. CA,. ,. REV. 556F. T' ;-n&t p"p! $( D"n E##$(2,airness and i'ien'* in te Law o

Punitie +ama#es2 =@ S. CA,. ,. REV. 5 56F. M- p"p! $n t'$( (-p&($02R&+!t D. C&&t!2'onomi' -na!*sis o Punitie +ama#es2 =@ S. CA,. ,. REV. 756F2 +g$n( " /$()0(($&n & t' p&(($+#- )nt!"# ! & /$()&nt$n0$t$( $n t' #"& ng#$gn). An&t'! (-p&($0 &n p0n$t$4 /""g( "pp"!/ $n S-p&($02

Punitie +ama#es2 A,A. ,. REV. @7 5F2 $t' )&n&$)"##- &!$nt/ "!t$)#(+- B!0) C'"p"n "n/ M$)'"# T!+$#)&);2 R&+!t D. C&&t!2 D"n D&++(2 E.D&n"#/ E##$&tt2 D&!(- E##$(2 D"4$/ 1!$/"n2 M"!; G!"/-2 Pt! H0+!2 G&!g

P!$(t2 "n/ G"!- S)'"!t%. See a!soA. MITCHE,, PO,INSY Q STEVENSHAVE,,2 A NOTE ON OPTIMA, 1INES WHEN WEA,TH VARIES AMONGINDIVIDUA,S N"t$&n"# B0!"0 & E)&n. R("!)' W&!;$ng P"p! N&. 363625F T'&/&! E$(n+!g$ "e Predi'tabi!it* o Punitie +ama#es2 6@ . ,EGA,STUD. @63 57F E##$(2supra D"4$/ D. H"//&); t "#.2-n rdinar* 'onomi'

/ationa!e or traordinar* Le#a! San'tions2 7 CA,. ,. REV. 5 5F "(&n S.&'n(t&n2Punitie Liabi!it*: - ew Paradi#m o i'ien'* in "ort Law2 7CO,UM. ,. REV. 53= 57F W$##$" ,"n/( Q R$)'"!/ P&(n!2-n 'onomi'"eor* o 2ntentiona! "orts2 5 INT, REV. ,. Q ECON. 567 55F A. M$t)'##P$n(;- Q St4n S'"4##2Punitie +ama#es: -n 'onomi' -na!*sis2 555 HARV.,. REV. @ 5F ['!$n"t! P$n(;- Q S'"4##2Punitie +ama#es] G"!- T.

S)'"!t%2 "e *t o te ,ord Pinto Case2 3 RUTGERS ,. REV. 553 55F&'n E. C"# t "#.2%4 . 5ore M$t$g"t$ng t' P0n$t$4 E)&n&$)( & P0n$t$4D""g( 57F p"p! !"/ "t t' t$ng & t' A!$)"n ," "n/ E)&n&$)(A((&)$"t$&n $n T&!&nt&F R$)'"!/ C!"(##2 W'n I( " W$##0# B!")' >W$##0#>?Gn!"# 4. Sp)$$) Dt!!n) $n C&nt!")t R/$( 5@F p"p! !"/ "t t't$ng & t' A!$)"n ," "n/ E)&n&$)( A((&)$"t$&n $n C'$)"g&F An/! 1.D"0g't- Q nn$! R$ng"02 Stt#nt2 Dt!!n)2 "n/ t' E)&n&$)( &P0n$t$4 D""g( R&! 57F p"p! !"/ "t t' t$ng & t' A!$)"n ,""n/ E)&n&$)( A((&)$"t$&n $n T&!&nt&F.

6. C&nt!$+0t$&n( t& t' +0!g&n$ng #g"# #$t!"t0! &n (&)$"# n&!( $n)#0/ ROBERT C.E,,ICSON2 ORDER WITHOUT ,AW HOW NEIGHBORS SETT,E

DISPUTES 55F ,$(" B!n(t$n2 So'ia! orms and +eau!t /u!es -na!*sis2 3 S.CA,. INTERDISC. ,. . = 53F R&+!t D. C&&t!2+e'entra!ied Law or a
http://www.law.duke.edu/journals/lcp/articles/lcp60dSummer1997p73.htm#BA0%23BA0http://www.law.duke.edu/journals/lcp/articles/lcp60dSummer1997p73.htm#B1%23B1http://www.law.duke.edu/journals/lcp/articles/lcp60dSummer1997p73.htm#B2%23B2http://www.law.duke.edu/journals/lcp/articles/lcp60dSummer1997p73.htm#BA0%23BA0http://www.law.duke.edu/journals/lcp/articles/lcp60dSummer1997p73.htm#B1%23B1http://www.law.duke.edu/journals/lcp/articles/lcp60dSummer1997p73.htm#B2%23B2


16/18


17/18

55. SeeB&&! 4. At#"nt$) Cnt C&.2 In).2 6=7 N.E.6/ 72 73 N.Y. 57F.

56. P!)t /$(g&!gnt $( /$n/ "n/ "n"#-%/ $n R&+!t D. C&&t! Q B!"/#- .1!/"n2 "e ,idu'iar* /e!ationsip: 2ts 'onomi' Cara'ter and Le#a!Conseuen'es2 @@ N.Y.U. ,. REV. 5= 55F.

53. T' $!(t &!"#$%"t$&n & t'$( $/" &! t&!t( $( $n &'n B!&n$ "oward an 'onomi'

"eor* o Liabi!it*2 6 . ,EGA, STUD. 36= 573F. P!)t )&pn("t$&n "#(&/(t!&-( t' 4$)t$( $n)nt$4( &! p!)"0t$&n. An- &/!n /$()0(($&n & +$#"t!"#

p!)"0t$&n 9p#"$n( t' p!&+#. 1&! 9"p#2 ( COOTER Q U,EN2supran&t52"t 3@=2 2 3=.

5. SeeM"!g"!t "n R"/$n2 Compensation and Commensurabi!it*2 53 DUE ,..=@2 @7 C"(( R. S0n(t$n2 I( t' R0# & ," G&&/? 5F p"p! !"/ "t $!(t /!"t& T"nn! #)t0!(F. See #enera!!*S-p&($02Law and 2n'ommensurabi!it*2 5@ U.PA. ,. REV. 55@ 5F B!0) C'"p"n2Law$ 2n'ommensurabi!it*$ andCon'eptua!!* Seuen'ed -r#ument2 5@ U. PA. ,. REV. 57 5F.

5=. 5= 1.6/ 5@ 6/ C$!. 57F.

5@. I 9p#"$n t' >!$(; 1&! "n "))&0nt & t'$! 0(2 (W. $p V$()0($2 Comment on on Ca!ee and C!iord 4inston;s


18/18

6=. T'$( "( "pp"!nt#- D0!;'$( 4$2 "( "n"#-%/ $n DAVID GAR,AND2PUNISHMENT AND MODERN SOCIETY A STUDY IN SOCIA, THEORY 63

COOTER Danos Punitivos

Documents

Transcript of COOTER Danos Punitivos