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Transcript of Conversion of Single Hull Tankers
8/14/2019 Conversion of Single Hull Tankers
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O u tlin e
S i n g le H u l l T a n k e r P h a s e - o u t – A b ri e f h is to r yC o n v e rs io n in to D o u b le H u ll
T e c h n i c a l a s p e c ts & A p p l ic a b l e R u le s f o r c o n v e rs io n i n toD o u b le H u ll O il T a n ke rD o u b le H u ll C h e m i ca l C a rrie rD o u b le H u ll B u lk /O re C a rrie rsO th e r c o n v e rs io n s
C o n c lu sio n
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P h a s e -o u t s c h e d u l e o f S i n g l e H u l l t a n k e r s
• f irs t e s ta b l is h e d i n 1 9 9 2 , f o llo w in g th e c o n s e q u e n c e s o f EV a ld e z a c c id e n t, o f f A la s k a
•
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E x x o n Va l d e zM a rc h 1 9 8 9 , th eE x x o n
V a l d e z, lo a d e d w i th c r u d eo i l , r a n a g ro u n d i n A l a s k a
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C o n s eq u e nc e s : -
.
T h e U n ite d S ta te s in tro d u c e d its O il P o llu tio n A c t o f 1 9 9 0 ( O P A 9 0 ) , m a k in g it m a n d a to ry fota n k e rs c a llin g a t U .S . p o r ts to h a v e d o u b le h u lls .
1 9 9 2 “ d o u b le h u ll” a m e n d m e n t s o f M A R P O L
R e g . 1 3 F : T h e a m e n d m e n ts in tro d u c in g d o u b le h u lls a d o p te d in M a rc h 1 9 9 2 a n d in t o fo rc e in J u ly 1 9 9 3 .
R e g u la tio n 1 3 F a p p lie s to n e w ta n k e rs - d e f in e d a s d e liv e re d o n o r a f te r 6 J u ly 1 9 9 6 - w h ile eta n k e rs m u s t c o m p ly w ith t h e r e q u ire m e n ts o f 1 3 F n o t la te r th a n 3 0 y e a rs a f te r th e ir d a te o f d
R e g . 1 3 G : C o n c e rn e d w ith e x is tin g ta n k e rs ,
e n h a n c e d p ro g ra m m e o f in s p e c t io n s t o b e im p le m e n te d , p a rtic u la rly fo r ta n k e rs m o r e th a n f ivo l d .
A llo w e d f o r fu tu re a c c e p ta n c e o f o th e r s t ru c t u ra l o r o p e ra tio n a l a rra n g e m e n ts - s u c h a s h y d rb a la n c e lo a d in g ( H B L ) - a s a lte rn a tiv e s to th e p ro t e c t iv e m e a s u re s in th e R e g u la tio n .
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re v is e d in 2 0 0 1 f o llo w in g th eE r i k a i n c i d e n t .
th e n e w p h a s e - o u t tim e ta b l e , s e ts 2 0 1 5 a s th e p rin c i p a l c u t- oda te f o r a l l s i n g l e - h u l l tan ke rs
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E rik aD e c e m b e r 1 9 9 9 , s in k in g o f
E r ik a w h i c h b ro k e i n th e h e a v ys e a s o f f th e c o a s t o f B ri tta n y,F r a n c e
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A re v is e d re g u la tio n 1 3 G o f M A R P O L A n n e x I thb r in g s f o rw a rd th e p h a s e - o u t s c h e d u l e f o r e x is tin g s ih u ll ta n k e rs w e re a d o p te d in D e c e m b e r 2 0 0 3 a sa m e n d m e n ts to A n n e x I o f th e M A R P O L C o n v e n tf o l lo w in g th e N o v e m b e r 2 0 0 2 s in k in g o f th e o il ta n kP r e s t i g e o f f th e S p a n is h c o a s t.
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P re s t ig eN o v e m b e r 2 0 0 2 s i n kin g o f th e
o i l tanke rP r e s t i g e o f f t h eS p a n i sh c o a s t.
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A c c e l e r a t e d P h a s e -o u t S c h e d u l e
C a t e g o r y o f O i lt a n k e r
D a t e o r Y e a r
C a te g o r y 1 5 A p ri l 2 0 0 5 f o r s h ip s d e liv e re d o n 5 A p ril 1 9ear l i e r
2 0 0 5 f o r s h ip s d e l iv e r e d a f te r 5 A p ri l 1 9 8 2C a te g o ry 2 a n d C a te g o ry 3 5 A p ri l 2 0 0 5 f o r s h ip s d e liv e re d o n 5 A p ri
ea r l i e r2 0 0 5 f o r sh i p s d e l iv e r e d a f te r 5 A p ri l 1 9 7 7 b u tb e f o r e 1 Ja n u a ry 1 9 7 82 0 0 6 f o r sh i p s d e l iv e r e d in 1 9 7 8 a n d 1 9 7 92 0 0 7 f o r sh i p s d e l iv e r e d in 1 9 8 0 a n d 1 9 8 12 0 0 8 f o r s h ip s d e l iv e r e d in 1 9 8 22 0 0 9 f o r s h ip s d e l iv e r e d in 1 9 8 32 0 1 0 f o r s h i p s d e l iv e re d i n 1 9 8 4 o r la t e r
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W h a t i t m e an s• C a te g o ry 1 o i l ta n k ers , ( P re - M A R P O L ta n k ers ) -T o b e p h a se d o u t b y 2 0 0 5
• o i l ta n k e r s o f 2 0 ,0 0 0 t o n n e s d e a d w e i g h t a n d a b o v e c a r ry i n g c r u d e o i l, f uh e a v y d i e s e l o i l o r l u b ri c a ti n g o i l a s c a rg o , a n d
• ta n k e rs o f 3 0 ,0 0 0 to n n e s d e a d w e i g h t a n d a b o v e c a r ry in g o t h e r o i ls , w h i cn o t c o m p l y w i th t h e re q u i re m e n t s f o r p r o te c t iv e l y l o c a te d s e g re g a te d b a lt a n k s .
• C a te g o ry 2 o i l ta n ke rs ( c o m m o n ly k n o w n a s M A R P O L ta n ke rs )• o i l ta n k e r s o f 2 0 ,0 0 0 t o n n e s d e a d w e i g h t a n d a b o v e c a r ry i n g c r u d e o i l, f u
h e a v y d i e s e l o i l o r l u b ri c a ti n g o i l a s c a rg o , a n d• o i l ta n k e rs o f 3 0 ,0 0 0 to n n e s d e a d w e i g h t a n d a b o v e c a rry i n g o t h e r o i ls , w
c o m p l y w i th t h e p ro t e c t iv e l y l o c a t e d s e g r e g a t e d b a l la s t ta n k r e q u i re m e n t
C a te g o ry 2 o i l ta n k e rs , w il l b e p h a s e d o u t a c c o rd in g to th e i r a g e u p t o 2 0 1 0 .• C a te g o ry 3 o i l ta n k e rs w h i c h a re g e n e ra l ly s m a l le r o il ta n k e rs . C a te g o ry 3 o
ta n k e rs a re o i l ta n k e r s o f 5 ,0 0 0 t o n n e s d e a d w e i g h t a n d a b o v e b u t le s s th a n t hto n n a g e s p e c i f ie d f o r C a te g o ry 1 a n d 2 t a n k e rs
T h e y e a r 2 0 1 0 i s a l s o a f i n a l c u t o f f d a te f o r th e s e t a n k e rs
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C a r r i a g e o f H G O• H e a v y g r a d e o i l ( N e w R e g . 2 1 : o l d R e g 1 3 H )
b a n s th e c a rria g e o f H G O in s in g le - h u ll ta n k e rs o f 5 ,0 0 0 to n s d e a d w e ig h t (a n d a b o v e f ro m 5 A p ri l 2 0 0 5 , a n d in s in g le - h u ll o i l ta n k e rs o f 6 0 0 D W T a nb u t le s s th a n 5 ,0 0 0 t o n s D W T , n o t l a te r th a n t h e a n n i v e r s a ry o f t h e i r d e l iv e r2 0 0 8 .
• H G O m e a ns a ny o f th e f o llo w in g :
• - c r u d e o i l s h a v i n g a d e n s i ty a t 1 5 º C h i g h e r th a n 9 0 0 k g /m3;•
- f u e l o i l s h a v i n g e i th e r a d e n s i ty a t 1 5 º C h i g h e r th a n 9 0 0 k g / m3
o r a k i n e m a t ic v i s c o s i t ya t 5 0 º C h ig h e r th a n 1 8 0 m m2/s ;• - b i t u m e n , ta r a n d t h e i r e m u l s io n s .
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C o n d i t i o n A s s e s s m e n t S c h e m eT h e C o n d itio n A s se ss m e n t S c h e m e (C A S ) f o r o i l ta n k ersa d o p te d in 2 0 0 1
• C A S is a p p lic a b le to a l l s in g le - h u ll ta n k e rs o f 5 ,0 0 0 D W T a n d a
a g e d 1 5 y e a r s, o r o l d e r.• C A S d o e s n o t sp e c i f y s tru c tu ra l sta n d a rd s in e x c e s s o f t h e p ro v is
o th e r I M O c o n v e n tio n s , c o d e s a n d re c o m m e n d a tio n s ,• S ti p u l a te s m o re s trin g e n t a n d tra n s p a r e n t v e rif i c a t io n o f th e re p o r
s truc tu r a l co nd i ti on o f t he s h ip•
re q u i re th a t d o c u m e n ta ry a n d s u rv e y p ro c e d u r e s h a v e b e e n p ro p ec a r rie d o u t a n d c o m p l e te d .• c o m p lia n c e w ith th e C A S is a ss e ss e d d u rin g th e E n h a n c e d S u rv e
P ro g ra m m e o f I n s p e c tio n s c o n c u r re n t w ith in te rm e d i a te o r re n e ws u r v e y s .
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E x e m p t i o n s
• T h e re v i s e d re g u l a ti o n 1 3 G ( N e w R e g . 2 0 ) a ll o w s th e f la g S ta te to p e r m i t co p e r a ti o n o f C a te g o ry 2 o r 3 t a n k e rs b e y o n d th e i r p h a s e - o u t d a te
• s u b je c t to s a ti sf a c t o ry re s u lts f ro m th e C A S ,
• o p e ra t io n m u s t n o t g o b e y o n d th e a n n i v e r sa r y o f t h e d a t e o f d e l i v e r y o f t h e 2 0 1 5 o r
• th e d a te o n w h i c h t h e s h ip r e a c h e s 2 5 y e a r s o f a g e a f t e r th e d a t e o f i ts d e l iv ew h i c h e v e r i s e a r li e r.
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H o w e v e r ……………….
D e n i a l o f e n t ry to p o r ts o r o f f s h o re t e rm i n a ls i s p o s s i b l e b y a n y p a r ty to th e M A R P O L c o n v en tio n.
F u rth e r a c c id e n ts … … … … … … .
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H e b e i S p iritA c r a n e b a rg e c o l li d e d w i th t h e
M /V H E B E I S P I R I T o nD e c e m b e r 8 , 2 0 0 7 , 1 0 k m o f fth e c o a s t o f S o u t h K o r e a
H e b e i S p i r i tD e c e m b e r 7, 2 0 0 7
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D e a t h k n e l l o f S i n g l e H u l l t a n k e r s ?E U f ro m 2 0 1 0
P h i li p p in e s 2 0 0 8
S o u th K o re a f ro m 2 0 1 0
C h in a , T a iw a n a n d I n d ia e x p e c t e d to f o l lo w
A lm o s t 9 0 % o f e x is tin g S in g le H u ll V L C C s tra d e in to A s ia , ie . T h e a bo v
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A lte rn a te to S c ra p p i n g ?C o n v e rs io n o f S in g le H u ll T a n k ers
C o n v e r sio n i n to
D o u b le H u ll T a n k ersD o u b le H u ll C h em ic a l T a n ke rsD o u b l e H u ll B u lk c a rrie rsO re c a r ri e rsF S O s / F P S O s
H e a v y L if t v e s se lsC a ttle C a rrie rs
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C o n v e r s i o n t o D o u b l e H u l l T a n k e rS i m il a r C a rg o a f te r a n d b e f o r e c o n v e rs io n
M in im a l M o d i f ic a tio n s to E x i stin g S tru c tu re s
C o n v e rs io n s o f t h is ty p e a r e n o t o f f i c ia l ly c o n s id e re d m a jo r c o n v e r si o n s u nM A R P O L a s th e re le v a n t le g is la tio n a im s to e n c o u ra g e th e m .
M a y re d u c e C a rg o c a p a c itie s f o r P a n a m a x - A f ra m a x T a n k ers
C o n s id e r in g b e t te r c h a rte r ra t e s f o r d o u b l e h u ll s, c o n v e r si o n w o u l d b e w o r te v e n i f it re d u c e s e f f i c i e n c y .
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T e c h n i c a l A s p e c t s
M in im a l M o d i f ic a tio n s to E x i stin g S tru c tu re s
I n c o rp o ra t io n o f I n n e r S h e l l a n d /o r I n n e r b o tto m a t s p e c i f i e d d i s ta n c e s f r o mo u te r s h e l l
w = 0 .5 + D W T /2 0 0 0 0 o r 2 m , w h ic h e v e r i s l es s , w i th a m in im u m d i sta n c e w o f 1 .0 h = B /1 5 o r 2 m , w h i c h e v e r i s le s s , w i th a m i n i m u m d i s ta n c e o f 1 . 0 m
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S t r u c t u r a l A s p e c t sL o n g i tu d i n a l s ti f f e n e r s to b e c o n ti n u o u s t h ro u g h tra n s v e r se b u l k h e a d s
D i f f ic u l ty a t s i te
B u t,
E l im in a te s th e r is k o f e x c e s s iv e m is a lig n m e n tA v o i d s tre s s c o n c e n t ra tio n s
I f L o n g i tu d i n a l sti f f e n e r s a r e w e l d e d to b u l k h e a d s , th e y h a v e to bp e n e tra ti o n w e ld e d , to c o u n t in S M c a l c u l a tio n sF u l l p e n e t ra t io n w e l d s - ri s k o f l a m e l l a r t e a ri n g
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S t r u c t u r a l A s p e c t sA b r u p t i n te r ru p t io n o f t h e lo n g i tu d i n a l m e m b e r s is to b e a v o i d e d a t b o u n d a rth e c a rg o a r e a i n th e a f t a n d f o re b o d y s e c t io n s .
G e n e r o u s b ra c k e t a r ra n g e m e n t s a re e s s e n ti a l.
G e n e ro u s S c a r p h in g b ra c k e t s a t b o u n d a r ie s o f i n n e r b o t to m a n d i n n e rs h e l l /l o n g i tu d i n a l b u l k h e a d .
A d e q u a te s ti f f e n i n g a t in n e r s h e ll k n u c k l e s
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D o c u m e n t / D r a w i n g f o r C l a s s a p p r o v a l
S tru c t u ra l D ra w in g s i w o N e w I n n e r sh e l l/b o t to mT a n k C a p a c ity P la n w ith n e w T a n k c o n f ig u ra tio nS c h e m a ti c d ra w in g s o f P u m p i n g , p i p in g a n d t a n k v e n t in g s y s te m s to b e r e -a p p r o v e d .
N e w a l lo w a b l e l im its w i th re g a r d to b e n d i n g m o m e n ts a n d sh e a r f o r c e s m a yd e f i n e dI n c l in i n g e x p e rim e n t n e e d s to b e p e r f o rm e dL o a d in g M a n u al a n d T rim a n d S ta b il i ty B o o k le tO il D is ch a rg e a nd M o n ito rin g (O D M ) to b e u pd a te d .
C ru de O il W a sh in g (C O W ) M a nu a ls to b e u pd a te d .T h e n e w b a l la s t ta n k s c re a te d m u s t b e c o a te d a c c o rd in g to I M O re q u i re m e n
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M i d s h i p S e c t i o n a f t e r c o n v e r s i o n
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M i d s h i p S e c t i o n a f t e r c o n v e r s i o n
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O u r E s t i m a t i o n s …V e s s e l t y p e A d d i t i o n a l
S t e e l w e i g h te x p e c t e d i n ( T )
C h a n g ec a r g o c a p a c i t y( C u .m )
S in g le - h u ll V L C C 7 ,0 0 0 - 8 ,0 0 0 I n c r e a s e8 ,0 0 0 - 1 0 , 0 0 0
D o u b le s id e o n ly a f ra m a x 1 ,0 0 0 D e c re a s e1 0 , 0 0 0
D o u b le b o tto m o n ly
h a n d y s iz e ( 3 0 , 0 0 0 d w t)
4 5 0 D e c re a s e
6 , 0 0 0 - 7 , 0 0 0
S ta n d a r d s i n g l e - h u l ls u e z m a x
4 ,3 0 0 I n c re a se8 , 0 0 0
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C o n v e r s i o n t o D o u b l e H u l l C h e m i c a l
T a n k e rA m e nd m e n ts to M A R P O L A n ne x I I an d th e I nte rn atio n al B u lk C h em ic a lC o d e c a m e in to f o rc e o n 1 Ja n u ary 2 0 0 7
M a i n te c h n i c a l c h a n g e - s u b sta n c e s h a v e b e e n re - c l a s sif i e d in to n e w p o l lu tc a t e g o r i e s .
O il- lik e s ub s ta n c e s no t p e rm itte d o n O il T a n k e rs , w h ic h d o n o t m e e t I B C Cr e q u i r e m e n t s .
M a n y h a v e h a d t h e ir c a rria g e re q u ire m e n ts u p g ra d e d f ro m T y p e 3 t o T y p e 2X y le neV e g e ta b le O ils
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I n 1 9 9 3 - o ils a n d f a ts m o v e d b y S e a - 2 5 m il lio n T o n n e s
B y 2 0 0 7 - in c re a s ed to 5 0 m il lio n T o n n e s
I n a d e q u a t e to n n a g e f o r th e c a r ri a g e o f o i ls a n d f a ts b y 2 0 0 7 .
H e n c e , th e a d v a n t a g e i n c o n v e r ti n g e x i sti n g T a n k e rs to e n a b l e c a r ri a g e o f os u b s ta n c e s , V e g e ta b l e o i ls a n d f a ts .
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I B C C o d e R e q u i r e m e n t f o r C a r r y i n g V e g .O i l s
F la g S ta te ex e m p tio n s u nd e r M A R P O L A n n ex I I R e g u la tio n 4 .1 .3 - C a rgi d e n t if i e d a s “2 (k)” o f I B C C o d e C h ap te r 1 7 to b e c a r ri e d in S h i p T y p e - 3 p r o v i d e dth e e n ti re c a rg o b l o c k l e n g t h is p ro t e c t e d b y d o u b l e h u l l s th a t c o m p l y w i th tf o l lo w i n g d i m e n s io n s :
7 6 0 m m w in g ta n k w id th , a n d
B /1 5 o r 2 m d o u b l e b o t to m h e i g h t , w h i c h e v e r i s l e s se r b u t n o t l e s s th a n
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T e c h n ic a l A s p e c ts in a d d itio n to s tru c t u ra l is s u e s c o vear l ie r.
S tri p p i n g e f f i c ie n c y : 7 5 l ite r sU n d e rw a te r d is c h a rg e
P u m p ro o m v e n ti la tio n ( 3 0 a i r c h a n g e s p e r h o u r v s 2 0 )P u m p ro o m e x h a u s t v e n t to b e d is ta n c e o f a t le a s t 1 0 M tr f ro m
n e a re s t a ir in ta k e o r o p e n i n g t o a c c o m m o d a tio n , m a c h i n e ry s p ai g n i ti o n s o u r c e s .N e w F ire C o n tro l & S a fe ty e q u ip m e n ts a s p e r I B C C o d eP & A M a n u a lR e q u ire m e n ts f o r d a m a g e s ta b ili ty a s p e r re le v a n t I B C C o d er e q u i r e m e n t sC e rtif ic a te o f F itn e s s f ro m C la s s
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C o n v e r s i o n t o D o u b l e H u l l B u l k / O r e
C a r r i e r
M a jo r c o n v e rs io n w r t L O A D L I N E
N o t a m a jo r c o n v e rs io n w rt S O L A S ( n e w s h ip ru le s n ee d n o t b e a p p lie d - pc o n f i rm a tio n f ro m F la g )
M a jo r c o nv e rs io n w rt M A R P O L
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O t h e r a s p e c t s
T y p e A to T y p e B c o n v e rs io n : R e q u ire m e n t o f F o re c a s tle ( p o st 2 0 0 4 n e w f o r c o n v e rs io n s ? ? )
B rid g e V is ib i li ty
R e qu ire m e n t o f F E M
M e a n s o f A c c e s s re g u la tio n s
U R S 3 0 re q uire m e nts
U R S 2 6 /2 7 re q u ire m e n ts
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P i p i n g , M a c h i n e r y , C o n t r o l s & O t h e r
S y s t e m sU ti li z a ti o n o f e x i s ti n g C a rg o /B a l la s t l in e s
D e w a te rin g s y s te m
W a te r in g r e ss m o n i to r in g s y s te m
B il g in g a rra n g e m e n ts f o r n e w v o i d s p a c e s
E l e c tri c a l s y s te m s
D e c k m a c h in e ryH a tc h c o v e rsD e ck C ra ne s
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D o c u m e n t a t i o nI n c l in i n g E x p e ri m e n t
S ta b ili ty & L o a d in g m a n u al
D a m a g e S t a b il i ty
D a m a g e C o n tro l P la n & M a nu al
F re e b o a rd P l a n
W a t e rti g h t in t e g ri ty P l a n
F ire C o n tro l & S a f e ty P la n
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O u r E s t i m a t i o n s ?F o r a S in g le H u ll V L C C to V L O C
A p p ro x . 6 0 0 0 T a d d itio n a l s te e l w e ig h tA p pro x . 1 5 0 0 T re m o v e d
F o r a S in g le H u ll S u e z m a x to D o u b le H u ll B u lk c a rrie rA p p ro x 5 5 0 0 T a d d itio n a l ste e l w e ig h tA p pro x 1 2 0 0 T re m o v e d
F o r a S in g le H u ll S u e z m a x to D o u b le H u ll O re c a rrie rA p p ro x 4 0 0 0 T a d d itio n a l ste e l w e ig h tA p pro x 9 0 0 T re m o v e d
E s ti m a t io n s b a s e d o n s p e c i f ic M i d sh i p s e c ti o n s a s s e ss e d
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O t h e r C o n v e r s i o n s
S in g le H u ll V L C C s to F S O / F P S O
S in g le H u ll S u e z m a x ta n k e rs to H e a v y L if t v e s s e ls
S in g le H u ll A f ra m a x t a nk e rs to C a ttle C a rrie rs
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