Convergence of IC technology and...
Transcript of Convergence of IC technology and...
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Convergence of IC technology
and Healthcare
IEEE CAS
September 2008
Karthik Vasanth
Product Line Manager, Signal Chain Products
Medical Business Unit
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Outline
• Introduction to the market
• Summary of technical challenges
• A look at imaging
– Ultrasound
– CT
– PET
• Q/A
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Blind – 1.3 million people in the US
Paralyzed – 2 million people in the US
Parkinson’s – 1.5 million people in the US
Permanent brain injury – 5.3 million people in the US
Chronic disease – 60 million people in the US
Chronic pain – 5 million people in the US
Low back pain – 33% of workers’ comp costs
Epilepsy – 1% of WW population
44.5 million Americans taking care of adults
Medicare in US doubling to $26.8B by 2008
Global healthcare spending is $5 trillion per year
Blind – 1.3 million people in the US
Permanent brain injury – 5.3 million people in the US
Chronic disease – 60 million people in the US
Epilepsy – 1% of WW population
Blind – 1.3 million people in the US
Paralyzed – 2 million people in the US
Parkinson’s – 1.5 million people in the US
Permanent brain injury – 5.3 million people in the US
Chronic disease – 60 million people in the US
Chronic pain – 5 million people in the US
Low back pain – 33% of workers’ comp costs
Epilepsy – 1% of WW population
44.5 million Americans taking care of adults
Medicare in US doubling to $26.8B by 2008
Global healthcare spending is $5 trillion per year
Blind – 1.3 million people in the US
Permanent brain injury – 5.3 million people in the US
Chronic disease – 60 million people in the US
Epilepsy – 1% of WW population
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Global trends driving growthAging populations
– By 2020 well over 1 billion people
worldwide will be 60 years and older
Rising healthcare costs
– US Healthcare spending is 18% of
GDP
– Costs to grow from 2 trillion in 2007
to 3.1 trillion in 2012
Remote and emerging markets
– China healthcare expenditure
increased 277% from 2006 to 2007
Consumer medical equipment
– 38% of Medical SC revenue in 2007
went into consumer equipment
Medical devices and supplies market $M
$0
$20,000
$40,000
$60,000
$80,000
$100,000
$120,000
$140,000
1979
1981
1983
1985
1987
1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
CAGR: 1979-2007 = 9.5%
Source: MDDI, Databeans and TI data
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Semiconductors impact
1980s 1990s 2000 and beyond
Computing transformed
Communications transformed
Healthcare transformed
Computingrevolution
Computingrevolution
Communications revolution
Healthcare revolution
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1000 pixels:Allows
mobility
and face
recognition
Medical innovation: Bionic Vision
16 pixels:Provides the
ability to see
the difference
between night
and day
Today Tomorrow
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Technical Challenges
Similar to many other market areas
• Power– Extreme power needs for implantable devices
• Size / Integration / Performance
– More channels in imaging applications with no performance sacrifice
• Sensor / electronics interface
• Reliability
– In some cases extremely high levels needed
• Long design cycles
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Ultrasound
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Principle
t
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Physics (I)
43.10-50.0013331Air
4-106.121.73600Compact bone
21.631.041568Muscle
0.51.420.971470Fat
Absorption
[dB/MHz.cm]
Z
[105 Rayl]ρ [g/cm3]c [m/s]Substance
Imaging Systems for Medical Diagnostics - Siemens
PositionFrame rate
Reflections Depth
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Physics (II)
f.2.x = 100dB θcos.
2
w
r
f
cRLateral =
f
cc
FBWR dBAxial
22.26 ∝==
−τ
λ
0.150.43.30.115
0.20.650.1610
0.351.2100.315
0.83250.782
Axial resolution
[mm]
Lateral resolution
[mm]
Penetration [cm]
(back and forth)
Wavelength
[mm]
Frequency
[MHz]
c = 1560m/s
Imaging Systems for Medical Diagnostics - Siemens
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Frame rate
Example:
c = 1540m/s
60o sector0.5o beam spacing
25cm depth
120 beams25cm x 2 / 1540m/s =320us / beam
26 frames/s
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The machine – Top level
B-mode
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Rx beamformer
Transducer array
1
2
A
3
4
Σ
Delay
Apodization
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Receive Beamforming
Transducer array
1
2
A1
3
4
B1 C1 Line 1
Line 2
AD
Cs
4 3
2 1
5ns
A1
A2 B2 C2
ADC samples Interpolated
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Signal chain analysis
10uV-1V
0.85nV/rtHz
LNA VCAADC12bit
40MSPS
2-3
pole
filter
CW
MUX
P0_A
N0_A
P1_A P2_A
N2_AN1_A
+HV1 +HV2
-HV2-HV1GND
GND
20dB <35dB
Trade off in ADC bits, power, VCA range and sampling speed
Known time characteristics
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LNA VCAADC
Low PassFilter
PGA
Audio Output
Tx Buffer Amp
DAC
PassiveLPF
BeamformerRx
Central Control Unit
BeamformerBeamformer
Tx
DisplayAmpAudio
Ultrasound system block diagram
CW Analog Beam Former
http://www.ti.com/ultrasound
PowerManagement
FETDriver
ADC
Data Transmission
TempSensor
ClockSource
DSP
Interface
Amplifier
Power
ADC/DAC
Other
Legend
Transducer
HV MUX/DEMUX
T/R
Switches
DSP
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DSP
AFE5805
LNA VCAADC
Low PassFilter
PGA
Audio Output
Tx Buffer Amp
DAC
PassiveLPF
BeamformerRx
Central
Control Unit
BeamformerBeamformer
(FPGA)
Tx
Display
Optimizing ultrasound with application-specific analog products
CW Analog Beam Former
http://www.ti.com/ultrasound
FETDriver
ADC
Data Transmission
DSP
Interface
Amplifier
Power
ADC/DAC
Other
Legend
Transducer
HV MUX/
DEMUX
PowerManagement
TempSensor
ClockSource
AmpAudio
T/R
Switches
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CT
Computer Tomography
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The machine
3 revolutions per second
1000 profiles per revolution
3KSPS/pixel
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Data Acquisition System
Scintillator
Photodiode
Data converter
ImageProcessing
X-ray
Light (visible)
Current
Bits
1000’s of other channels 1000’s of other channels
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PET
Positron Emision Tomography
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The machine