Controlling Next-Generation Electric Power Grids … ExoGENI network (PoP at RENCI) RTDS-WAMStestbed...
Transcript of Controlling Next-Generation Electric Power Grids … ExoGENI network (PoP at RENCI) RTDS-WAMStestbed...
US-wide ExoGENI network (PoP at RENCI) RTDS-WAMS testbed at NC State
Controlling Next-Generation Electric Power Grids using High-Speed Cloud ComputingJianhua Zhang, Matthew Weiss, Aranya Chakrabortty and Yufeng Xin
Introduction
Architecture of Wide-Area Control with Cloud-in-the-Loop ExoGENI-WAMS Testbed
Power System Models and Wide-Area Control
• Phasor Measurement Units (PMU) of any utility firstsend data to local phasor data concentrators (PDCs)through a virtual private network (VPN).
• The PDCs then route the PMU data-streams to virtualmachines (VM) in a cloud computing platform such asExoGENI.
• The VMs belonging to each company may form a sub-cloud of their own.
• Each VM then communicates to other VMs, both inside(intra-area) and across (inter-area) the sub-clouds, over amulti-hop Software Defined Network (SDN) such asInternet2 to compute the wide-area control signals in adistributed fashion.
`
Area 1
Area 2 Area 3
Area 4
Power Transmission
NetworkLocal PDC 1
)(3 tx
)(2 tx
)(1 tx
)(4 tx
)(5 tx
)(6 tx)(7 tx
)(9 tx
Local PDC 2
Local PDC 3
)(8 tx
)(10 tx
Internet of Clouds
VM
VM
VM
Local cloud in Area 1
VM
VM
VM
Local cloud in Area 4
Local cloud in Area 2
)(1 tx
)(2 tx
)(3 tx
VM VM
)(4 tx )(5 tx
Local cloud in Area 3
VM VM
)(6 tx )(7 tx
Local PDC 4
)(8 tx
)(9 tx)(10 tx
7 ( )u t4 ( )u t
3( )u t
2 ( )u t
1( )u t
6( )u t
10( )u t
9 ( )u t
8( )u t
5( )u t
Control Signals
Control Signals
Measurem
ent Signals Control Signals
Control Signals
Measurem
ent Signals
With increasing trends in renewable penetration, smart loads, electric vehicles, etc. the USgrid is becoming more vulnerable to instabilities. The Wide-area Measurement Systems(WAMS) technology using GPS-synchronized Synchrophasor measurements is an ideal wayto control such instabilities and blackouts. The challenge, however, is the bottleneck in datacommunication and computation, which cannot be handled by today’s Internet. In this project,we propose the use of cloud-computing networks such as GENI to combat this challenge.
Case Study on US West Coast Grid Model
Architecture
ExoGENI Cloud Computing Platform and Integration
RTDS-PMU based WAMS
GPSRTDS
SEL-421
SEL-
487E
GTNETx2
Switch
ExoGENI
Swing + Excitation Dynamic Equations�̇�𝛿 = 𝜔𝜔𝑖𝑖𝑀𝑀𝑖𝑖�̇�𝜔𝑖𝑖 = 𝑃𝑃𝑚𝑚𝑖𝑖 − 𝐸𝐸𝑖𝑖2𝐺𝐺𝐿𝐿𝑖𝑖 − 𝐷𝐷𝑖𝑖𝜔𝜔𝑖𝑖 − �
𝑘𝑘=1,𝑘𝑘≠𝑖𝑖
𝑛𝑛
𝐸𝐸𝑖𝑖𝐸𝐸𝑘𝑘(𝐺𝐺𝑖𝑖𝑘𝑘 cos 𝛿𝛿𝑖𝑖 − 𝛿𝛿𝑘𝑘 − 𝐵𝐵𝑖𝑖𝑘𝑘 sin(𝛿𝛿𝑖𝑖 − 𝛿𝛿𝑘𝑘))
𝜏𝜏𝑖𝑖�̇�𝐸𝑖𝑖 = −𝑥𝑥𝑑𝑑𝑖𝑖𝑥𝑥𝑑𝑑𝑖𝑖′ 𝐸𝐸𝑖𝑖 + 𝑈𝑈𝑖𝑖 +
𝑥𝑥𝑑𝑑𝑖𝑖−𝑥𝑥𝑑𝑑𝑖𝑖′
𝑥𝑥𝑑𝑑𝑖𝑖′ (�
𝑘𝑘=1
𝑛𝑛
𝐾𝐾𝑖𝑖,𝑘𝑘𝐸𝐸𝑘𝑘 cos 𝛿𝛿𝑖𝑖 − 𝛿𝛿𝑘𝑘 )
GENI Experimenter Tools (omni) Other GENIResources
Other GENIResources
ExoGeni Experimenter Tools (Flukes, NDLLib)
PMU-based WAMS at NC State
VLAN904
SoftwareLayer
PhysicalLayer
Design of damping controller
𝑥𝑥𝑇𝑇𝑄𝑄𝑥𝑥 = |∆𝛿𝛿(𝑡𝑡) |∆𝜔𝜔(𝑡𝑡) ∆𝐸𝐸(𝑡𝑡)𝑄𝑄𝛿𝛿 0 00 𝑄𝑄𝜔𝜔 00 0 𝑄𝑄𝐸𝐸
∆𝛿𝛿(𝑡𝑡)∆𝜔𝜔(𝑡𝑡)∆𝐸𝐸(𝑡𝑡)
𝑢𝑢𝑖𝑖 = �𝑗𝑗=1
5
𝐾𝐾𝑖𝑖,𝑗𝑗𝛿𝛿𝑗𝑗 + �𝑗𝑗=1
5
𝐾𝐾𝑖𝑖,𝑗𝑗+5𝜔𝜔𝑗𝑗 + �𝑗𝑗=1
5
𝐾𝐾𝑖𝑖,𝑗𝑗+10𝐸𝐸𝑗𝑗
Note: K is a full matrix, this indicates that every VM will needto communicate with every other VM to exchange stateinformation.
V3∠θ3
V4∠θ4
jx12
V5∠θ5
V1∠θ1
r12
jx3 P3
E2∠δ2
E3∠δ3
E1∠δ1
E4∠δ4
E5∠δ5
ASG3
Montana,Wyoming.Utah
Canada,Washington,
Oregon
Arizona, NevadaNew Mexico
San Francisco
Los Angeles, BajaCalifornia, Mexico
WECC Transient Response, PSS vs WAC
Case I – Local vs Global Control
WECC Transient Response, RSCAD vs ExoGENI
Case II – Simulated Network vs ExoGENI
Fig.1- Envisioned architecture of wide-area communication
Funded by NSF projects CNS 1531099, 1531047, and 1531061