Controlling Campus Energy Consumption via the IP Network: A Feasibility Study for Achieving Energy...

Controlling Campus Energy Consumption via the IP Network:

A Feasibility Study for Achieving Energy

Efficiency with Cisco EnergyWise

Hunt BriggsTim Haines

Bryan HogleSarah Howie

2

Behind the Curtain

3

Root QuestionWhat is the potential for network-based technologies to collect, aggregate and communicate building energy data to enable informed, coordinated management by key decision makers?

Why is this important to us?We want to see resources (energy, money, time, people) used as efficiently as possible.

4

Overview

I. Energy ManagementII. Network-Based Energy ManagementIII. University Energy ManagementIV. University of Michigan Case StudyV. Conclusions & Recommendations

5

I. ENERGY MANAGEMENT

Conclusions & Recommendations

Network-BasedEnergy

Management

UniversityEnergy

Management

University ofMichigan

Case StudyEnergy

Management

6

Systematic tracking and planning of energy use

What is Energy Management?

– Metering & Monitoring consumption– Identifying & Implementing saving measures– Verifying Savings With Proper Measurements

-ACEEE


Network-BasedEnergy

Management

UniversityEnergy

Management


Case StudyEnergy

Management

7

Energy Matters to Industry

Johnson Controls Energy Efficiency Indicator

Global

US/Can

ada

Pan-Europe

IndiaChina

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100% Not at all_x000d_ImportantNot Very_x000d_ImportantImportantVery_x000d_ImportantExtremely_x000d_Important

Source: JCI EEI 2010

How Important Is Energy Management at your

organization?

01

2

34 5 6

7

8

910

6.5Average:

6.6

Min: 1Max: 8Std. Dev: 2.8


Network-BasedEnergy

Management

UniversityEnergy

Management


Case StudyEnergy

Management

8

Drivers of Commercial Energy Management

Regulatory

• Existing Regulation• Utility EERS• Building Codes

• Anticipated Regulation• ISO 50001

• GHG Management

Strategic

• Enhancing Public Image

• Attract & Retain Customers, Employees & Tenants

• Achieve Sustainability Goals

• Risk Management

Operational

• Energy Cost Savings• Improve Overall

Operational Efficiency• Demand Side

Management


Network-BasedEnergy

Management

UniversityEnergy

Management


Case StudyEnergy

Management

Demand Side Management & Utility Billing

9

Charge Type Amount Used Rate Charge

Total Amount Due: = $6,480

Power Demand 248 kW $10.00/ kW = $2,480

Electricity Consumption 50,000 kWh 8¢/kWh = $4,000

02/01

02/03

02/05

02/07

02/09

02/11

02/13

02/15

02/17

02/19

02/21

02/23

02/25

02/27

0

100

200

300Power Demand

kW

248 $avings Can Be Achieved by Reducing Consumption

or Limiting Demand Spikes


Network-BasedEnergy

Management

UniversityEnergy

Management


Case StudyEnergy

Management

10

Commercial Building Systems

*Actual Values will depend on geography, building function, etc.

AC & Central ChillersBoilers & HeatingPlumbingElectrical SecurityLightingBuilding EnvelopeBuilding AutomationAir Handling & Distribution

Source: EIA

Space Heating

36%

Cooling8%

Ventilation7%

Water Heating8%

Lighting21%

Cooking3%

Refriger-ation6%

Office Equipment

1%

Computers2%

Other9%


Network-BasedEnergy

Management

UniversityEnergy

Management


Case StudyEnergy

Management

11

II. NETWORK-BASED ENERGY MANAGEMENT


UniversityEnergy

Management


Case StudyEnergy

ManagementNetwork-Based

EnergyManagement

12

Cisco EnergyWise


UniversityEnergy

Management


Case StudyEnergy


EnergyManagement

13

Converging Systems- Smart Buildings

Features• Integrated Building

Controls• Remote Web-based

Management• Better Demand

Response Capabilities

Drivers• Open Control

Protocols (BACnet)• Software, Web• Analysis & Reporting• Sensor Networks

SmartBuildings

Information Technologies

Operations Technologies


UniversityEnergy

Management


Case StudyEnergy


EnergyManagement

Existing Building Control Infrastructure

ENTERPRISE APPLICATIONS Facility Management

Maintenance ManagementIT Network Management

Wireless

IP Telephony

BMS

VAV

FCU

Heat Pump

Chilled Beam

Boilers

Chillers

AHU

Building Mgmt

IP Camera

Lighting Control

General LightingChannel Controllers

DSI/DALI Interface

Occupancy Detectors

VAV

FCU

Heat Pump

Chilled Beam

BMS

Building Mgmt

Lighting Control

General Lighting

DSI/DALI Interface

Occupancy Detectors

Access Control

Access Control

CCTV

DVR

*Illustration by Cisco Systems


UniversityEnergy

Management


Case StudyEnergy


EnergyManagement

A Converged

Solution

Energy & Power Metering

CCTV

DVR

Fire Alarm System

Smoke Sensor

Break Glass

Sounder

ENTERPRISE APPLICATIONS

Energy ManagementBuilding ManagementFacility ManagementSecurity ManagementMaintenance ManagementIT Network Management

Door Controllers

Access Control

Reader Technology

Intruder Panels

VAV

FCU

Heat Pump

Chilled Beam

Boilers

Chillers

BMS

AHU

Lighting Control

General Lighting Channel

Controllers

DSI/DALI Interface

Occupancy Detectors

UPS Monitoring

IP Camera IP Telephony

Wireless

Mediator

Switch Router

*Illustration by Cisco Systems


UniversityEnergy

Management


Case StudyEnergy


EnergyManagement

16

Platform to Analyze Data (Trends, etc)

Data Warehouse

Operational Data

Energy-Related

Data (From EnergyWise, for example)

What Should Be Collected?Operational Data

– Occupancy– Utility Billing Data– Interval Data For All Points

Within The BAS Energy-Related Data

– Meter Data– Utility Interval Data – Weather

• Enterprise Energy Management Systems (EEMS)

Energy Data Management


UniversityEnergy

Management


Case StudyEnergy


EnergyManagement

17

III. ENERGY MANAGEMENT AT UNIVERSITIES



Case StudyEnergy


EnergyManagement

UniversityEnergy

Management

18

Key Traits of the University

• Thought leadership• Stakeholders• Diversity of missions within the university• Economics

– Non-profit (generally)– Primary revenue generation is student tuition

• Peer organizations– Competition– Trends in planning and reporting

Trends: - Importance of Personalization

- Desire to be Leaders & Best

- Need for Systemic Perspective



Case StudyEnergy


EnergyManagement

UniversityEnergy

Management

19

U of M Energy Basics

• Two sources of energy on campus– Steam– Electricity

• Points of energy use measurement– Central Power Plant can see overall campus

demand on a 15-minute scale– Building energy use is generally read only on a

monthly basis



Case StudyEnergy


EnergyManagement

UniversityEnergy

Management

20

Current Scenario: Data, Dollars and Decision Makers

Central Power Plant

• Mission: uninterrupted power

• Financial objective: cover costs of power purchasing and production

• Energy Data: total campus demand every 15 minutes

Facility Manager

• Mission: provide comfortable building environment

• Financial objective: manage overall budget, including operational costs

• Energy Data: monthly bill for building at large

External IT Group

• Mission: provide consistently excellent IT services to all user groups

• Financial objective: cover costs of labor and infrastructure

• Energy Data: at best, minimal tracking; at worst, nothing

Incentive Opportunity

Issue: Power Demand

Power Plant: Unable to see spike sources. Demand charge divided evenly.

Facility Manager:Unable to see spike and paying average charge

Opportunity:Demand side management + savings from demand stabilization

Incentive Opportunity

Issue: Device Management

Facility Manager: Unable to see energy use sources.

External IT:Not charged for energy use.

Opportunity:Data transparency +Service agreement standards

How can we use network-based energy management to take advantage of these opportunities?



Case StudyEnergy


EnergyManagement

UniversityEnergy

Management

21

ENTERPRISE APPLICATIONS Facility ManagementMaintenance ManagementIT Network Management

Wireless

IP Telephony

BMS

VAV

FCU

Heat Pump

Chilled Beam

Boilers

Chillers

AHU

Building Mgmt

IP Camera

Lighting Control

General LightingChannel Controllers

DSI/DALI Interface

Occupancy Detectors

VAV

FCU

Heat Pump

Chilled Beam

BMS

Building Mgmt

Lighting Control

General Lighting

DSI/DALI Interface

Occupancy Detectors

Access Control

Access Control

CCTV

DVR



Case StudyEnergy


EnergyManagement

UniversityEnergy

Management

22

IV. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN CASE STUDY


Energy Management

Network-BasedEnergy

Management

UniversityEnergy

Management


Case Study

23

Protocol & Software• Cisco EnergyWise

– Communication & Monitoring Protocol– “Lives” on Network Switches

• Cisco Orchestrator– Control Interface – PC Client


Energy Management

Network-BasedEnergy

Management

UniversityEnergy

Management


Case Study

24

Why EnergyWise?

• Installed Cisco Hardware

• Potential energy savings w/ existing infrastructure

• Case study of university implementation

Juniper Switches; 1.6%

Cisco Switches;

98.4%

EW Compatible53%

Not Compatible47%


Energy Management

Network-BasedEnergy

Management

UniversityEnergy

Management


Case Study

25

Implementation Methodology1. Survey existing IT energy management

initiatives2. Identify relevant university stakeholders3. Install EnergyWise & Orchestrator4. Gather baseline energy data5. Implement policies6. Analyze Results


Energy Management

Network-BasedEnergy

Management

UniversityEnergy

Management


Case Study

26

Existing Green IT Initiatives

• Climate Savers– Green computing initiative– Increase awareness

• Big Fix– Central Power & Patch Management (CPPM) suite– Installed on 15,000 out of 50,000 computers


Energy Management

Network-BasedEnergy

Management

UniversityEnergy

Management


Case Study

27

Deployment ScopeNatural Resources & EnvironmentDana Building

Ross School of Business Executive Residence

•Office of Academic Programs (OAP) - 11 Computers

•Sites Computer Lab & Classroom- 49 Computers

• 214 Devices Total- 153 IP Phones- 47 Wireless Access Points

28

Stakeholder Discovery

Central ITS

Cisco Systems Ross IT

SNRE IT

ITS Sites

ITComm

Dana Dean’s Office

Climate SaversRoss Facilities

SNRE Facilities

Zone Maintenance

Building Automation Services

University CIO Office

Power Plant

What Campus Groups will we need to contact?

Graham Institute

Office of CampusSustainability

Planet Blue

Coordinating Bodies:


Energy Management

Network-BasedEnergy

Management

UniversityEnergy

Management


Case Study

29

Baseline - Managed

Snow Day


Energy Management

Network-BasedEnergy

Management

UniversityEnergy

Management


Case Study

30

Baseline - Unmanaged


Energy Management

Network-BasedEnergy

Management

UniversityEnergy

Management


Case Study

31

Previous Policy New Policy0

20

40

60

80

100

20 20 60

NoSleep

Site B - Unmanaged

Monitor SleepComputer Sleep

Min

utes

Previous Policy New Policy0

20

40

60

80

100

15 1530 30

Site A - Managed

Min

utes

Implement Policies

Previous policy met site needs

Note: Business hours only


Energy Management

Network-BasedEnergy

Management

UniversityEnergy

Management


Case Study

32

Implementation Challenges

Organizational

• Time consuming• Coordination issues• Piecemeal approach

Technical

• Lack of converged systems prevents management

• Reliability issues

User Impacts

• User experience is an IT manager’s 1st priority


Energy Management

Network-BasedEnergy

Management

UniversityEnergy

Management


Case Study

33

IV. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN CASE STUDY: RESULTS


Energy Management

Network-BasedEnergy

Management

UniversityEnergy

Management


Case Study

34

Results of Policy Implementation

Average 30% Sleep State


Energy Management

Network-BasedEnergy

Management

UniversityEnergy

Management


Case Study

35

0-3 3-6 6-9 9-12 12-15 15-18 18-21 21-240

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

22

24

Time On and Activity Levels for University Computers

# Computers Ave. Hours Active Ave. Hours Idle/Logged Off

Average Time On(hours/day)

Num

ber o

f Com

pute

rs

Aver

age

time

Activ

e an

d Id

le (h

ours

/day

)

36

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

Number of Computers on 21-24 hours/day - Top Departments

Department

Num

ber o

f Com

pute

rs

User Experience is Critical

37

Sites Athletics College of Engineering

Ross School of Business

PlantOps SNRE0.00

4.00

8.00

12.00

16.00

20.00

24.00

Average Time in Energy States for PCs by Department

OffStandbyActiveIdle/Logged Off

Department

Tim

e (h

ours

)

Current Levels of Energy Management Differ

38

0 6 12 18 240.0%

20.0%

40.0%

60.0%

80.0%

100.0%

Engineering

Athletics

PlantOps

Business

SNRE

Sites

Opportunity for Energy Savings by Department(number of department computers below department

name)

Average time in On state (hours)

Aver

age

time

Idle

as %

of ti

me

On

Energy Saving Opportunity is Fragmented

39

How much can U of M save?

• Over one year:– 525,000 kWh saved– $42,000 reduction in energy costs (at $0.08/kWh)

• Assume: – 4000 computers – 30% of day in Sleep state

Consider 50,000 Computers + Heating + Cooling + Ventilation + Lighting + …


Energy Management

Network-BasedEnergy

Management

UniversityEnergy

Management


Case Study

40

V. CONCLUSIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS

Energy Management

Network-BasedEnergy

Management

UniversityEnergy

Management


Case StudyConclusions &

Recommendations

41

ConclusionsCurrent limitations in energy data measurement are a barrier to effectively incentivizing energy efficiency

The University’s organizational complexity impedes implementation of energy management solutions

A complete energy management solution needs to consider user experience

Central PC energy management can potentially save the University several hundred thousand dollars

Energy Management

Network-BasedEnergy

Management

UniversityEnergy

Management



Recommendations

42

Root Question

What is the potential for network-based technologies to collect, aggregate and communicate building energy data to enable informed, coordinated management by key decision makers?

Energy Management

Network-BasedEnergy

Management

UniversityEnergy

Management



Recommendations

43

Recommended Future WorkAlign energy decisions and costs

– Investigate finance and accounting structure to incentivize future energy management

– Map energy decision making at U of M

Conduct study of factors affecting user experience

Implement a comprehensive Enterprise Energy Management System (EEMS)– Expand scope and granularity of data – Pilot converged building energy management

Energy Management

Network-BasedEnergy

Management

UniversityEnergy

Management



Recommendations

44

Questions?

Controlling Campus Energy Consumption via the IP Network: A Feasibility Study for Achieving Energy...

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