Contribution of traits and phylogenetic history to plant ... · phylogenetic history to...
Transcript of Contribution of traits and phylogenetic history to plant ... · phylogenetic history to...
Contribution of traits, phenology, & phylogenetic history to plant-pollinator network structure
Scott Chamberlain Simon Fraser University
http://bit.ly/scott_canpolin
Thanks to!
• Elizabeth Elle
• Jana Vamosi
• Ralph Cartar
• Sarah Semmler
• Anne Worley
• And many more that provided data…
Species in communities form networks
Patterns often similar among networks
Pla
nts
Pollinators
Structure matters
Bascompte&Jordano2007AREES
What drives network structure?
Traits Body size
Phenology
Emergence date Or
Seasonal activity
Phylogenetic History
Traits
Phenology
Phylogenetic History
Study sites
Phylogeny
Plants Pollinators
Species level metrics
• Degree
• Specialization (accounts for interaction intensity)
• Within module degree
• Among module connectivity
Traits - Pollinators
• Nest location: above/below ground - NS
• Nest type: excavator/renter - NS
• Parasitic: yes/no - NS
Traits - Pollinators
• Nest location: above/below ground - NS • Nest type: excavator/renter - NS • Parasitic: yes/no - NS • Social: solitary/social –
– Within module degree: social (module hubs), solitary (peripherals)
– Among module connectivity: social (connectors), solitary (peripherals)
– Degree: social (higher), solitary (lower)
• Body size – larger spp. w/ larger degree
Traits - Plants
• Breeding system
– Gynomonoecious: less specialized, higher degree
– Hermaphrodites: more specialized, lower degree
Traits - Plants
• Breeding system
– Gynomonoecious: less specialized, higher degree
– Hermaphrodites: more specialized, lower degree
• Growth form
– Herbaceous: lower within module degree
– Woody: higher within module degree
Traits - Plants
• Breeding system – Gynomonoecious: less specialized, higher degree – Hermaphrodites: more specialized, lower degree
• Growth form – Herbaceous: lower within module degree – Woody: higher within module degree
• Flower symmetry: – Bilateral: lower within module degree, lower degree – Radial: higher within module degree, higher degree
• Flower size: smaller flowers higher within module degree
Network level
network structure ~
FDisPO + FDisPL + MPDPO + MPDPL
Network level
network structure ~
FDisPO + FDisPL + MPDPO + MPDPL
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.1 0.2 0.3
Mo
du
lari
ty
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.1 0.2 0.3
Pollinator FDis
Con
necta
nce
A
B
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.1 0.2 0.3
Mo
du
lari
ty
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.1 0.2 0.3
Pollinator FDis
Con
necta
nce
A
B
Pollinator Functional Trait Dispersion
Conclusion • Species level
– Sociality important in pollinators
– Mating systems, flower symmetry & growth form important in plants
• Network level
– At network level, pollinator functional diversity w/ modularity & connectance
– Pollinator traits bigger drivers of network structure relative to plants
Phenology
• Species vary in when they start flowering (plants) and start flying (pollinators)
• Variation among species can lead to changes in network structure
HLG HLU OKG OKU SOG SOU
WLG WLU cr1 cr2 fs1 fs2
go1 go2 mm1 mm2 mz1 mz2
sm1 sm2 AG BB−1 BB−2 BI
CF−1 CF−2 CV DP LSCR OM
PS−1 PS−2 TH
100 150 200 100 150 200 100 150 200
Julian day (days since 1 Jan)
Phenology is associated with structures
Robustness differs among groups Plants Pollinators
●●
●●
●● ●
●●
●
●
●
●
●●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●●
●●
●
●
●
●
●
●
● ●●
● ●●
●
●
●●● ●
●
●
● ●●
●●
●
●
● ●
●
●●●
● ●
●
0.4
0.6
0.8
● FJ FJr
Plants Pollinators
●
●
●
●
●
●
●●●● ●
● ●
●
●● ●
●●
●
●
●●
●● ●
●●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●
●●
●
●
●
● ●
●● ●
●
●
●
● ●
●
●
●
●
●●
●
●
●●
●
●
●
●
●
●
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9 ● D DrRo
bu
stn
ess
Phylogenetic tree shape
• Shape easily measured
• Metrics represent whether
– Branching events recent or old
– Branching events even across tree, or some groups speciate more than others
• Shape could influence who interacts with who
Shape correlated with network structure
Simulations suggest a causal link
0.68
0.70
0.72
0.74
0.64
0.68
0.72
0.76
0.50
0.52
0.54
0.56
200 400 600
Tree Balance
Balanced
Unbalanced
200 400 600
Node distribution
Nodes near root
Nodes near tips
Tree balance Distribution of nodes
Number of species (network size)
Bro
wn
ian
Mo
tio
nE
arl
y−
Bu
rst
Orn
ste
in−
Uh
len
be
ck
Mo
du
lari
ty
Traits
Phenology
Phylogenetic History
Thanks to
• Elizabeth Elle
• Jana Vamosi
• Ralph Cartar
• Sarah Semmler
• Anne Worley
Silhouettes: Phylopic.org http://phylopic.org/image/070c78bc-e075-4098-a66b-fca2f02680ea/