Contribution of public transport to urban accessibility in the Netherlands

Contribution of public transport to urban accessibility in the Netherlands

Ambrosius Baanders

Paul van Beek & Sander van der Eijk

ECORYS, Rotterdam

Goudappel Coffeng, Deventer

increasing congestion

decreasing accessibility of economic centres

increasing congestion

decreasing accessibility of economic centres

Q: What is the present role of public transportin serving the important economic centres

and how can public transport help to alleviatecar congestion problems?

objective:

� study commissioned by NL Ministry of Transportto ECORYS and Goudappel Coffeng

� make “photo” of current contribution of PT

� estimate potential to increase contribution of PT

method [1]

existing modelling tools insufficient

combination of � modelling tools and � local expertise

method [2]

preliminary choices:� current situation � transport model base years� morning peak: 07:00 – 09:00� twelve regions� focus on “economic centres” in urban areas� focus on “economic centres” in urban areas� trips relevant for public transport

The twelve urbanregions studiedregions studied

method [2]

preliminary choices:� current situation � transport model base years� morning peak: 07:00 – 09:00� twelve regions� focus on “economic centres” in urban areas� focus on “economic centres” in urban areas� trips relevant for public transport

Total number of arrivals per region

Dispersed trips (not linked to the cities) Arrivals in the cities

100%

50-80%

Levels of the analysisand relevant trips

Arrivals outside theEconomic Centres

Arrivals in the Economic Centres

20-50%

Trips of < 2,5 km and streams of <20 trips

Arrivals relevant for public transport

10-45%

Estimation of potential

method [2]

analysis by:

� clusters of cities by size� clusters of cities by size

� market segments

300,000 100,000 50,000 14,000

1 2 3 4

inhabitants

The market segments

within the

urban area

from another

region

1

23

4

method [3]

workshops:

� participants: experts from local / regional stakeholdersstakeholders

� making estimates of effects with the help of an interactive spreadsheet

method [3]

steps in the workshops:

1. verify the data

2. select the measures (“policy dials”)

3. estimate the potential growth relative to current PT volume

4. feedback on the results

method [3]

Origins of morning peak trips to Utrecht Centre-North

number of trips >100

23 % share PT

Input data per economic centre

method [3]

method [3]


1. verify the data




The “policy dials”

• Quality of public transport• Parking policy• Parking policy• Public transport fares• Mobility management• Intermodal chaining• Marketing and image

Selecting the “policy dials”

method [3]

Mixing console policy dials

PT Quality Parking restr. PT Fares Mob. manag, Marketing Interm. chains Image Spatial pol.

“Tuning” the “policy dials”

method [3]

method [3]


1. verify the data




Current PT share and potential for growth

method [3]

PT trips affected by each of the measures

method [3]

Contribution of each of the measures to potential PT share growth

method [3]

results: the “photo”

level of the regions

90 – 50 % of trips have destination in urban area

all modes:work trips 50 – 58 %work trips 50 – 58 %education trips 22 – 26 %other trips 20 – 23 %

public transport:work trips 56 – 53 %, large cities ~ 62 %education trips 43 – 44 %, large cities ~ 33%other trips 3 – 5 %

within urban areawithin urban areaother cityother city

in regionin regionregionalregional

outsideoutside

regionregion

City cluster 1

PT 23% PT 33% PT 21% PT 34%

PT 7% PT 18% PT 12% PT 23%

level of the cities: shares of the market segments and shares of PT


City cluster 2

City cluster 3

City cluster 4

PT 7% PT 18% PT 12% PT 23%

PT 8% PT 23% PT 18% PT 28%

PT 2% PT 11% PT 7% PT 13%


Market Market Market Market Total all

level of the economic centres

share of the market segments by economic centre oftrips relevant for PT (> 2.5 km)

Market segment 1

within urban area

Market segment 2 from other

city in region

Market segment 3 from within

region

Market segment 4

from another region

Total all segments

City centre in cluster 1 69% 12% 6% 13% 100% City centre in cluster 2 49% 13% 27% 11% 100% City centre in cluster 3 45% 11% 33% 11% 100% City centre in cluster 4 34% 13% 29% 24% 100% Office parks 44% 13% 28% 14% 100% Commercial estates 58% 11% 18% 13% 100%

City centre Office park Commercialestate

Large city Small city

Quality of public transportsupply

1 2

4

3

Importance attributed in the workshops to the “policy dials”

results: the potential

Parking regime

Public transport fares

Mobility management

Intermodal chaining

Marketing and image

432 3

3

3 3 4

2 3

4 4 4 4

3

Potential for PT share increase


Contribution of the “policy dials” to the potential


conclusions

current contribution

What is current role?� Flows within the cities / urban areas� Flows from other regionsWhat is explanation of differences?� Differences in local circumstances� Differences in local circumstancesInfluence of land use patterns?� Role increases with size of the urban areaWhich travel purposes?� Work = 50%+, education = 50%-.� Largest cities: work = larger share

conclusions

estimation of the potential

What is expected potential?� Between 1 % and 10 % of total trips to economic centresIncrease at the expense of which mode?� The car (bicycle > 2.5 km?)What measures contribute?What measures contribute?� Improvement of PT supply quality� Makes tightening of parking regime possible� Mobility management, intermodal chaining, marketing� Fares not importantRelationship between the measures?� “Dials” cannot be turned independently � “Tuning”Role of the train?larger in largest cities� varies elsewhere due to local network configuration

conclusions

the method: combining models and expertknowledge

Worked well

Was a combination of several benefits:� models used that were owned by the regions = own tools� expertise in the regions used: clear added value to model results� outcomes were trusted, because not a black box

conclusion for AMTU:continue to study

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Contribution of public transport to urban accessibility in the Netherlands

Technology

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