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CONTRIBUTION OF NETAJIAND SURYA SEN

IN INDIAS STRUGGLE FOR FREE

Yellow House

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BLOOD

FR OM

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Subhas Chandra Bose was born on 23 January

1897 in Cuttack, then a part of Bengal Presidency,

to Janakinath Bose, an advocate and Prabhavati

Devi.

He studied at the Stewart School, Cuttack, an

Anglo school, until the seventh standard and then

shifted to the Ravenshaw Collegiate School.

He came fourth in the ICS examination and was

selected but he did not want to work under an alien

government which would mean serving the British.

He resigned from the civil service job and returned

to India.

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In INDIAN NATIONAL CONGRESS

In 1927, after being released from prison, Bose becamegeneral secretary of the Congress party and worked withJawaharlal Nehru for independence. Again Bose wasarrested and jailed for civil disobedience; this time heemerged to become Mayor of Calcutta in 1930.

By 1938 Bose had become a leader of national statureand agreed to accept nomination as Congresspresident.

However, due to the maneuverings of the Gandhi-ledclique in the Congress Working Committee, Bosefound himself forced to resign from the Congresspresidency.

Bose believed that Gandhi's campaign ofNon Violencewould never be sufficient to secure India's independence,and supported truculently belligerent resistance.

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ALL INDIABL

On 22 June 1939 Bose organized the ForwardBloc, aimed at consolidating the political left, butits main strength was in his home state, Bengal.

On the outbreak of war, Bose advocated acampaign of mass civil disobedience to protest

against Viceroy Lord Linlithgow's decision todeclare war on India's behalf withoutconsulting the Congress leadership.

Having failed to persuade Gandhi of the necessityof this, Bose organized mass protests in Calcutta

calling for the 'Holwell Monument'commemorating the Black Hole of Calcutta,

which then stood at the corner of DalhousieSquare, to be removed.

He was thrown in jail by the British, but wasreleased following a seven-day hunger strike.

Bose's house in Calcutta was kept undersurveillance by the CID.

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Escape to Russia and Germany

Bose's arrest and subsequent release set the scene for hisescape to Germany, via Afghanistan and the Soviet Union.on the night of his escape, he dressed as a Pathan to avoid

being identified. Bose escaped from under Britishsurveillance at his house in Calcutta. On 19 January 1941,accompanied by his nephew Sisir K. Bose in a car.

He journeyed to Peshawar with the help of the Abwehr,where he was met by Akbar Shah, Mohammed Shah andBhagat Ram Talwar.

Supporters of the Aga Khan III helped him across the borderinto Afghanistan where he was aided the passage acrossAfghanistan via Kabul to the border with Soviet Russia. Afterassuming the guise of a Pashtun Bose changed his guise andtravelled to Moscow on the Italian passport of an Italiannobleman "Count Orlando Mazzotta". From Moscow, hereached Rome, and from there he travelled to Germany.

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Work done in Germany:

In Germany, he instituted the Special Bureaufor India under Adam von Trott zu Solz,

broadcasting on the German-sponsored AzadHind Radio. He founded the Free India Centerin Berlin, and created the Indian Legion(consisting of some 4500 soldiers) out ofIndian prisoners of war.

In all, 3,000 Indian prisoners of war signed up

for the Free India Legion. When he met Hitler in May 1942, his

suspicions were confirmed that the Germanywould be of no help and so he left for japan inFEBRUARY 1943.

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ACHIEVEMENTS OF INA