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Advanced fuels and biofuels Contributing to the energy transition

EU-India - New Delhi, India March 2019 Dr. A. Günther

THIS DOCUMENT IS PUBLIC

ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION

New Delhi • March 2019

Innovation & Development



Advanced fuels and biofuels Contributing to the energy transition by decarbonizing industry and the transport sector: an industrial perspective & own developments

EU-India Conference on Advanced Biofuels New Delhi 11th-13th March 2019 Dr. Armin Günther Air Liquide Global E&C Solutions






Air Liquide key figures

2

~65,000 EMPLOYEES

PRESENT IN

80 COUNTRIES

REVENUE

> €20bn

MORE THAN

3.5 MILLION

CUSTOMERS

& PATIENTS

NET PROFIT

> €2bn

CASH FLOW

> €4bn

2017 Figures






3






Need for a sharp reduction in greenhouse gas emissions

4

GHG Emissions Projections

Gt C

O2 e

qu

iva

len

t

2020 2030 2040 2050

10

20

30

40

50

60

Current policy trajectory

2 °C trajectory

1.5 °C trajectory

Based on : UN-The Emissions Gap Report 2017






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6






7

Co

mm

erc

ial

ava

ila

ble

A

vail

ab

le

An overview of the different technologies towards advanced fuels and biofuels G

ener

atio

ns o

f ren

ewab

le/a

dvan

ced

fuel

s Feed stock Process Output

Vegetable Oils Animal Fats Wet biomass, landfill

Vegetable Oils Animal Fats

Biomass, Ligno MSW (Waste) conversion

CO2 - PtX/Power to Liquid Ligno Cellulosis, sugars

Trans esterification Fermentation,

Purification

Hydroprocessing

Thermochemical conv., Pyrolysis, Gasification, Synthesis…

CCU, H2, CO2 separation, synthesis Biochemical breakdown, fermentation

Bio Diesel Biomethane, ->”Blue” H2

Bio Diesel

“Bio- & advanced fuels”, renewable H2

MeOH, CH4 Renewable fuels….; Chemicals

H2

H2

H2

O2

7






Methanol- a promising molecule - CCU - CO2 based

8

methanol production*

atmosphere

flue gases

off-gases (steel, cement)

CO2 separation & purification

SMR*

biomass gasification*

electrolysis renewable energy

biogas

biomass

gasoline (via MTG)

biodiesel

olefins (via MTP)

gasoline (blending)

MTBE

energy storage

maritime fuels

*co-feeding also possible

CO2

H2

8






CO2- based Methanol – first generation

● Experiments and patents* in 1990ies and ready for the market but “market was not ready”

● Successful tests using a commercial Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 catalyst (several thousand hrs.)

● Improved models (kinetic) for methanol synthesis based on CO2 rich feed gas

● Optimization of CO2 based methanol process through innovative solution

● FIRST GENERATION SOLUTION COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE

Generation 1 Technology exists: •based on process for classical syngas process (with high recycle ratio) •TRL 8 -> ready for market •available with commercial guarantees •Gain experience in the new business model (with confirmed CO2 savings / LCA)

Lurgi 1995 patent scheme* including RWGS stage

* H. Göhna and P. König, Patent Number: EP 0682002 A1, 1995

9






CO2- Based Methanol: Test Campaign 2017

Comparison against conventional Synthesis

=> Less temperature difference for CO2 based methanol coupled with less by-product formation

10






CO2- based Methanol – second generation

● General Challenges e.g.: smaller capacities needed, CO2 rich gases , fluctuating operation (availability of green power or renewable H2)

● Philosophy change for methanol synthesis from „carbon limited to hydrogen limited“

● Thermodynamic equilibrium CO2 - recycle of unconverted CO2

● New process and catalyst developments targeting specific CO2 to methanol reaction conditions and needs

● “Small” units for synthesis needed -> overcome “reverse economy” of scale

● Optimize the costs

Generation 2 Technology requires innovation to: •Overcome small scale penalty •Better handle fluctuating feedstocks •Benefit from “CO2 oversupply” Innovation required in all areas: •New reactor concepts •New catalyst systems •New process configurations

Next step: Implement a demonstration project at relevant scale (1 - 10 tons/day methanol)

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12

Up-scaling of a Development

Catalyst Test Unit Process Development Unit Commercialization Full Industrialization

Test at ideal conditions - once-through operation

Similar to commercial plant design concept

(including recycle)

First operation at fully validated operation

parameters

Product defined and validated - implement in

various projects

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Challenges CCU - PtL - Methanol Production from CO2 - Economics

“Conservative” case

“Ambitious” case

Key messages:

− High influence of CapEx for

electrolyzers

− CO2 tax influence minor

− High influence on OpEx by electricity

price and efficiency

− Limited scalability for electrolyzers

capacity

− High onstream time is indis-

pensable to master economics

Variation: - CapEx and efficiency for electrolysis - Cost for electricity (Exemplary calculation)

13






Key messages:

− Strong dependency on

Hydrogen price

− Biogas as source for green H2

− Improved scalability in case of

H2 from Biogas via SMR or

ATR…. ( may require very small

units )

− Prices in a range of expected

green and advanced fuels for

Methanol

− Mixtures of green and

conventional H2 possible

Challenges Methanol Production from CO2 - Economics

CO2 Utilization to Methanol (250 tpd case study)

− Black H2 (Natural Gas) versus green H2

Future perspective on Biogas based H2

Natural Gas based H2

Price of H2 [€/kg]

Pri

ce

of

Me

tha

no

l [€

/to

n]

?

1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0

750

500

250

0

Biogas based H2

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Conclusion

● Key drivers: CO2 reduction and independence from conventional energy

● PtL for “large commodity Methanol”: enables green energy

storage and subsequent chemical conversion

● Proven technology but challenging economics

● Integration of downstream products

● Air Liquide is your clean conversion partner and your partner along the renewable and CCU value chain

● First generation CO2 to methanol is commercially available

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ENGINEERING & CONSTRUCTION 16

धन्यवाद, Thank You, Merci, Danke, Dziękuję,….

Any Questions ?

For local contact:

Air Liquide Global E&C Solutions India private Ltd

A24/10 Mohan Cooperative Industrial Estate Mathura

Road, Delhi 110 044 India +91 11 42 59 50 50

https://www.engineering-airliquide.com/about-us/worldwide-locations






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