Contradicting Maternity: HIV Positive Motherhood in South Africa

8/14/2019 Contradicting Maternity: HIV Positive Motherhood in South Africa

1/62


2/62

@dbnih`hbo Anbhx


3/62


4/62

MHV!wdphyhvl adymlsmddi hb Pd|ym Nsh`n

@nsdj Jdbo

@dbnih`hbo Anbhx


6/62

@dbylbpN`kbdjliolalbyp

vh

Wsln`l cx E|jhly Ahy`mljjvhh

>" Hbysdi|`yhdb>

3" Fn`hbo yml MHV!wdphyhvl Adymls30

0" ml Edxp d Adymlsmddi7987

Nwwlbih} 5 Hbylsvhl @dbylby378

Chcjhdosnwmx

3>>

Hbil}338


7/62

N`kbdwjioabpH d|ji jhkl yd ymnbk yml adymlsp md olblsd|pjx pmnsli ymlhs l}wlshlb`lp

hym al nbi mdpl pydshlp nsl ydji hb ymhp cddk" mnbkp yd yml mdpwhynj

ds ymlhs m|anbl nbi ilih`nyli plsvh`l ilpwhyl yml diip" Pwl`hnj ymnbkp

yd E|jhly Ahy`mljj* md yddk al |bils mls hbo nbi o|hili al ymsd|om

ymhp wsdel`y hym cshjjhnb`l nbi `dawnpphdb" d ax nahjx* wnsyh`|jnsjx

ax wnslbyp Jhbin nbi Bholj* nbi yd ax ilns shlbip md p|wwdsyli al

ymsd|om ymhp wsd`lpp* H `d|ji bdy mnvl idbl hy hymd|y xd|" Nbi yd Ah`mnlj*

d `d|spl """

Phb`lsl nwwsl`hnyhdb yd yml Fn`|jyx d M|anbhyhlp* \bhvlsphyx d yml

_hynylspsnbi* Edmnbblpc|so* ds hbnb`hnj p|wwdsy nbi wsdvhphdb d nb

hbyljjl`y|nj lbvhsdbalby" _hymhb yml Fn`|jyx* yml P`mddj d M|anb nbi

@daa|bhyx Ilvljdwalby mnp wsdvhili nb hbyljjl`y|nj mdal"

H d|ji njpd jhkl yd ymnbk yml cdihlp md |bili ax WmI* |wdb mh`m

ymhp cddk hp cnpli* hb`j|ihbo yml Lsblpy Dwwlbmlhals Aladshnj s|py*yml Pkxl Fd|binyhdb* yml @nacshiol @daadblnjym s|py nbi yml Pa|yp

Aladshnj F|bi"

Fhbnjjx* ymnbk xd| yd yml pyn ny _hyp \bhvlsphyx Wslpp* hb`j|ihbo

Aljnbhl Wl~|l|} nbi Vlsdbh`n Kjhww* ds ankhbo ymhp cddk n cln|yh|jjx

wslplbyli slnjhyx"


8/62

Wsfn`Dbl `dji mhyl inx hb @nacshiol* Lbojnbi* @nsdj Jdbo* nb njnxp pmhvlshbo

nbi vlsx cjdbil xd|bo danb* ydji al pml nbyli yd slplns`m yml l}wlshlb`l d

clhbo pha|jynbld|pjx ohvlb n ilnym nbi jhl plbylb`l" Pml wsdwdpli yd hbylsvhl

dalb ihnobdpli wslobnby nbi MHV wdphyhvl ny yml vlsx pnal adalby; yml

ylpy ds wslobnb`x slvlnjhbo yml ihplnpl" Hbpynbyjx ax pydan`m `dbysn`yli hb

hilbyhf`nyhdb hym yml |bkbdb adymls* c|y njadpy haalihnyljx* np @nsdj

ynjkli db nbi H ~|lpyhdbli* H slnjhpli md vlsx jhyyjl H |bilspyddi" Ax osnyhy|il

ds yml ed|sblx @nsdj yddk |p db hjj njnxp cl haalbpl"

Yl adilpy wslplbynyhdb d n `lbysnj wnsy d ymhp ed|sblx mlsl hb cddk

dsa hp l}yslaljx lj`dal; yml cddk `nwy|slp yml dskp hawdsynb`l" Yl

hawdsynb`l hp* d `d|spl* wsn`yh`nj npwl`yp d wdjh`x* d wpx`mdjdoh`nj nbi

wdjhyh`nj |bilspynbihbo `nb cl sl!ymd|omy5 ds hbpynb`l* H np pys|`k cx yml

hawdsynb`l d `daa|bhyx" Yl adymlsp ynjkli yd @nsdj nbi yd ln`m dymls hb

ymlhs mdpwhynj osd|wp nbi alih`nj `ml`k!|wp n pyhoanyhpli ihplnpl jhvli hbpd`hnj hpdjnyhdb nbi yml wshvn`x d yml mdal `mnbolp pdalmny cx clhbo pmnsli*

hyp wnshnm pyny|p pjhomyjx lsdili" C|y clxdbi yml hawjh`nyhdbp ds md yd mnbol

nyyhy|ilp nbi ymlsldsl yml `dbihyhdbp d cdym MHV nbi adymlsmddi* mny H

nby yd `dbvlx hp n jnsols* adsl olblsnj plbpl d mx ymhp cddk ys|jx anyylsp"

Hy anyylsp d `d|spl lbdsad|pjx yd njj yml dalb ds mda yml adymlsp d

ymhp cddk pwlnk" _l* yml slnilsp* nsl njadpy `lsynhbjx bdy ymlpl dalb; c|y*

ds njj d|s pnklp* l blli yd jhpylb" H l id bdy* d|s `|jy|snj nbnlpymlphn hjjwslvnhj5 d|s kbdjliol d mny @nsdj Jdbo mnp mlnsi np pml npkli nbi jhpylbli

yd yml dsjip `nynpysdwmlp nbi hyp wldwjlp ysn|an* hjj cl hymd|y alnbhbo" N

alnbhbojlpp kbdjliol ihahbhpmlp |p njj" Hbpylni d ymhp @dbysnih`yhbo Anylsbhyx

cslnkp ymsd|om ymhp nbnlpymlphn* lsdihbo yml chbnshlp d wnhb nbi wjlnp|sl* lns

nbi edx* lvlb ilnym nbi jhl* |p nbi ymla" Hy `djjnwplp d|s `nylodshlp5 yml dcel`yp

d slplns`m mnvl cl`dal yml p|cel`yp md niislpp |p hym ymlhs cho jdvlp nbi panjj

mnylp* hym ymlhs jhvlp nbi ymlhs hawlbihbo ilnymp* ymlhs `mhjislbp mlshynol"

Wsdlppds E @ _ Ahy`mljj

@nacshiol \bhvlsphyx* \K


9/62


10/62


11/62

3

@DBSNIH@HBO ANLSBHX

Yhp alnbp ymny MHVwdphyhvl adymlsp lbyls hbyd yd `dbysnih`ydsx

hilbyhyhlp pha|jynbld|pjx5 yml ilbhosnyli* ncel`y nbi lnsli hilbyhyx d clhbo

MHVwdphyhvl nbi yml hilnjhpli hilbyhyx d adymlsmddi* hym njj hyp nppd`hnyhdbp

d w|shyx nbi oddiblpp" Cdym hilbyhyhlp mdji `dawjl nbi `dawlyhbo

wlspdbnj nbi pd`hnj alnbhbop* hym adymlsmddi nbi MHV hbvdkhbo wdls|j

ihp`|sphvl wdphyhdbp" Cdym adymlsmddi nbi MHV nsl `slnyli hb n adalby d

hbyhanyl pl|nj `dbyn`y* c|y cdym lhpy |blnphjx hym pl|njhyx" Adymlsmddi*

wnsnidh`njjx* hp nppd`hnyli hym `mnpyhyx snymls ymnb pl|njhyx* llawjhli hb

yml ns`mlyxwnj Vhsohb Ansx -Kshpylvn* >8=6; _nsbls* >8?6(" MHV cl`dalp n

alynwmds ds nclssnby pl|njhyx* mlymls e|pyhli ds bdy -Pdbyno* >8==("

Clhbo ihnobdpli MHVwdphyhvl mlb dbl hp wslobnby alnbp lbylshbo

hbyd ymlpl yd `dbysnih`ydsx hilbyhyhlp* mh`m hbilwlbilbyjx mdji `dawjl

alnbhbop d jdpp nbi onhb* `slnyhvhyx nbi ilpys|`yhvlblpp* nbi mh`m `djjhil

hb yml pnal adalby hb yhal" Adymlsmddi hp yml |jyhanyl n`y d `slnyhvhyx*

hb mh`m jhl hp ohvlb dsa" Yl ahsn`jl d jhl* mdlvls* hp slahbhp`lby d

yml blnsblpp d ilnym -Whblp* >88?(; `slnyhbo nbdymls clhbo lvdklp lnspd ilpys|`yhvlblpp ihsl`yli ydnsip pdalymhbo pd mljwjlpp -Wnskls* >888=7(* np ljj np lnsp d yml jdpp d dblp `mhji" MHV

lvdklp vlsx ihlslby nppd`hnyhdbp d slnyhvhyx nbi ilpys|`yhvlblpp" Pdalymhbo

mnp cllb `slnyli hb dblp cdix ymny hp ysxhbo yd ilpysdx dbl" Yhp ihsl`yjx

lvdklp yml dwwdphyhdbp d jhl nbi ilnym* wnsyh`|jnsjx cl`n|pl d|ynsi phobp

d yml vhs|p `nbbdy cl pllb ds n wdylbyhnjjx phobh`nby wlshdi d yhal cldslplshd|p hjjblpp plyp hb" ^|lpyhdbp d mny dbl hp yd n``dawjhpm hb dblp jhl* np

ljj np md dbl hp odhbo yd ihl |bhvlspnj ~|lpyhdbp ymny adpy d |p pwlbi

n nhs nad|by d yhal nvdhihbo cl`dal adsl |solby hym nb MHVwdphyhvl

ihnobdphp" Ylpl ~|lpyhdbp ynkl db n wnsyh`|jns ~|njhyx hb sljnyhdb yd yml pd`hnj

phobh`nyhdbp d MHV; yd adsnjhyx* ilnym nbi ncel`yhdb; nbi yd `njjp yd jhvl

wdphyhvljx" _hym yml wsdahpl d nbyhslysdvhsnj alih`nyhdb* yml wsdoslpphdb d

yml vhs|p `nb cl slynsili* mh`m anx ankl n phobh`nby ihlslb`l yd dblpmlnjym" Mdlvls* hb yml hbbls dsji mlsl lns hp np hawdsynby np slnjhyx*

yml lhpylb`l d yml vhs|p hbphil dblp cdix lb`d|snolp dbl yd `dbylawjnyl


12/62

0

HBSDI\@HDB

ilnym" Hb yml pd`hnj dsji d ihp`|sphvl alnbhbop* nb MHVwdphyhvl ihnobdphp

hp slpwdbili yd hym wsle|ih`l nbi slel`yhdb* slonsijlpp d md mlnjymx ds

|bmlnjymx dbl hp"

Cl`dahbo nb MHVwdphyhvl adymls alnbp ymny ymlpl dwwdphylp ally dbl

nbdymls hymhb dbl wlspdb* lvdkhbo jdvl nbi mnyl* ysnolix nbi edx* lns nbi

mdwl pha|jynbld|pjx" MHVwdphyhvl adymlsmddi njpd `n|plp |b`lsynhbyx

slonsihbo dblp db hilbyhyx* dblp |y|sl nbi yml |y|sl d dblp cncx" Cl`n|pl

MHV `nb wdpphcjx -c|y bdy wsdcncjx( cl ysnbpahyyli sda adymls yd `mhji*

|b`lsynhbyx slonsihbo mlymls dbl hjj ysnbpahy MHV yd dblp `mhji wsdvhilp

lsyhjl nbi wlshjd|p pdhj ds nbynpx" Yhp |b`lsynhbyx d``|sp hb yml `dbyly d

idahbnby ihp`d|splp d adymlsmddi ymny wdphy ymny yml cncx hp njjhawdsynby;

yml adymls bdy ny njj" Ankhbo plbpl d dblplj np n adymls ds dblp cncx*

c|y njpd ds dblplj alnbp blodyhnyhbo yml pysdbo ladyhdbnj slpdbnb`lp

d MHVwdphyhvl adymlsmddi ymsd|om vlsx wdls|j nbi pd`hnjjx pnb`yhdbli

ihp`d|splp d cdym adymlsmddi nbi MHV"

Yhp |blnpx lhpylb`l d MHVwdphyhvl adymlsmddi clyllb ymlpl ydhjijx ihlshbo lyslalp anx cl wnsy d yml slnpdb ds yml ihp`dadsy yml

MHVwdphyhvl adymls wsdvdklp hb yml wdw|jns nbi p`hlbyh` hanohbnyhdb"

Ylsl pllap yd cl n plbpl ymny* hymhb yml |solb`x d yml MHV wnbilah`* MHV

wdphyhvl adymlsp nsl bdy ylsshcjx hawdsynby ds* ny jlnpy* bdy np hawdsynby np

ymlhs `mhjislb ds np dalb md* pyhjj hbbd`lby* nsl bdy xly hbl`yli" Yhp

hp cdsbl d|y hb yml nvnhjncjl jhylsny|sl db MHVwdphyhvl adymlsmddi" Yl

l cddkp ymny mnvl cllb shyylb nsl chdosnwmh`nj hb bny|sl nbi `db`lsb nbhbihvhi|nj adymls nbi$ds mls `mhji" Yhp hp pyshkhbojx sll`yli hb yml wlspdbnj

nbi ladyhvl yhyjlp d ymlpl cddkp" _shyhbo ncd|y MHVwdphyhvl adymlsmddi

hb ymhp olbsl hawjhlp n wnhb|jjx hbihvhi|nj lwlshlb`l dbladymls hpdjnyli

hym mls `mhji ds `mhjislb nbi hym mls ysnolix nbi ysh|awm" Yl panjj cdix

d lawhsh`nj jhylsny|sl ymny py|ihlp MHVwdphyhvl adymlsp* hb `dbysnpy* pllap

yd cl dcplppli hym yml hawjh`hy npp|awyhdb ymny MHVwdphyhvl adymlsp a|py

cl cni adymlsp* hym n jn`k d nyylbyhdb yd MHVwdphyhvl adymlsmddi np n`nylodsx hb hyp db shomy" Adymlsp nsl |p|njjx dbjx d hbylslpy hbpdns np ymlx

wdpl n shpk yd `mhjislb nbi nahjx" Fd`|phbo db yml ljjclhbo d `mhjislb


13/62

9

@DBSNIH@HBO ANLSBHX

wdplp n inbols ymny yml adymls nilp d|y d d`|p nbi cl`dalp pllb dbjx np n

vlmh`jl ds mls cncxp ljjclhbo"

Ohvlb yml pyhoan ymny anbx MHVwdphyhvl adymlsp lwlshlb`l* ymhp cddk

slphpyp ymlpl adsnjjx lvnj|nyhvl ~|lpyhdbp" Hy lwjdslp adymlsp lwlshlb`lp

d ymlapljvlp np MHVwdphyhvl* nbi np adymlsp hanohbhbo ymlapljvlp sda

ymlhs `mhjislbp wlspwl`yhvlp nbi sda ymlhs db wlspwl`yhvlp" Yl il`hphdb yd

pmhy d`|p yd yml adymls hp np a|`m n wdjhyh`nj `mdh`l np dbl hbdsali cx yml

wn|`hyx d kbdjliol ncd|y MHVwdphyhvl adymlsmddi" Yl cddk lwjdslp

anylsbnj lwlshlb`l cx d`|phbo db yml pydshlp d slnj dalb" Hy hp cnpli db

hbylsvhlp `dbi|`yli hym cjn`k Pd|ym Nsh`nb adymlsp ihnobdpli np MHV

wdphyhvl mlb wslobnby"> Wslobnby dalb nbi bl adymlsp md nyylbili

nb MHV `jhbh` hb Edmnbblpc|so lsl hbvhyli yd vdj|bylls yd ynkl wnsy hb

hbihvhi|nj hbylsvhlp lwjdshbo ymlhs lwlshlb`lp d clhbo MHVwdphyhvl nbi

d adymlsmddi" Yl hbylsvhlp pynsyli hym yml ~|lpyhdb* _mny mnp yml

lwlshlb`l cllb jhkl ds xd|4 nbi* njymd|om H mni n pwl`h` plshlp d ~|lpyhdbp

hb ahbi* sda ymny hbhyhnj ~|lpyhdb db yml hbylsvhlp jnsoljx lby mlslvls hynp hawdsynby ds wnsyh`hwnbyp yd ynkl ymla" Yl hbylsvhl dbylby hp hb`j|ili

hb yml nwwlbih yd ymhp cddk" Hb njj* >>7 hbylsvhlp lsl `dbi|`yli hym


16/62

?

HBSDI\@HDB

anhbjx np n p|``lpphdb d |bdsolyyncjl wmdydosnwmp d jnsollxli

vh`yhap [hb`j|ihboQ d mdjl nahjhlp d hbiholby vhjjnolsp ixhbo d

NHIP" Ylpl phomyp `nssx n id|cjl alppnol" Ylx pmd n p|lshbo ymny

hp d|ysnold|p* |be|py* nbi pmd|ji cl slwnhsli" Ylx `dbsa ymny ymhp

hp yml pdsy d ymhbo ymny mnwwlbp hb ymny wjn`l" Yl |ch~|hyx d ymdpl

wmdydosnwmp* nbi ymdpl mdssdsp* `nbbdy mljw c|y bd|shpm cljhl hb yml

hblvhynchjhyx d ysnolix hb yml clbhomyli ds cn`knsi ymny hp* wdds

wnsyp d yml dsji -Pdbyno* 37705 6069; lawmnphp niili("

Yl wmdydosnwmp `mdplb ds wslplbynyhdb mlsl nsl jnsoljx sda mhomjx

n``jnhali wmdydosnwmlsp mdpl lwjh`hy adyhvnyhdb hp njnxp yd wsdvdkl

nnslblpp nbi lawnymx" Pmd`k hp |pli yd wsdadyl n slnjhpnyhdb d yml plvlshyx

d yml lwhilah`" D|ynsijx* ymlb* ymlx nha yd wdsysnx yml spy phil d Pdbynop

id|cjl alppnol* pmdhbo yml d|ysnold|pblpp d p|lshbo" Ylx mnvl n`mhlvli

nal -nbi w|cjh`nyhdb(* mdlvls* hb yml ilvljdwli dsji* nbi `nbbdy lp`nwl

hyp dcvlspl5 np Pdbyno pnxp* ymlx wdylbyhnjjx `dbsa ymny ymhp hp yml pdsy dymhbo ymny mnwwlbp hb """ yml clbhomyli ds cn`knsi ymny hp* wdds wnsyp d

yml dsji" Yl anedshyx d wmdydosnwmp ilwh`yhbo NHIP hb Nsh`n njj hbyd

yd csdni `nylodshlp* lhymls wdsysnxhbo osnwmh` hanolp d p|lshbo* dylb d

lan`hnyli cdihlp; ds pmdhbo wldwjlp wshil nbi ilnb`l hb slpwdbpl yd yml

lwhilah`" Hb cdym `nylodshlp* ymlsl nsl anbx n`lp* mlymls ph`k nbi mdwljlpp;

pni nbi ad|sb|j; ds edx|j* jdvhbo ds ilnby hb yml n`l d wsle|ih`l"

Mdlvls* yml adsl H lnahbli yml wmdydosnwmp* yml adsl H bdyh`limd `dbphpylbyjx adymlsp lsl wdsysnxli ihlslbyjx yd wldwjl nbi md

hbl`yhdb pllali yd cl shyylb ihlslbyjx hb yml wslplbynyhdb d ymlhs

cdihlp" Njymd|om yml d`|p d ymhp py|ix hp bdy db yml nbnjxphp d alihn

hanolp* H mnvl d|bi hy |pl|j yd dbphils ymlpl wmdydosnwmp* cl`n|pl d ymlhs

wdls|j wdsysnxnj d yml MHVwdphyhvl adymls hb yml w|cjh` hanohbnyhdb"

Hbylswslynyhdbp dlsli ds ln`m wmdydosnwm nsl wnsyhnj* d`|phbo db mny yml

wmdydosnwm anx yljj |p ncd|y `dbpys|`yhdbp d MHVwdphyhvl adymlsmddi*c|y ymlsl hp bd `jnha d nb n|ymdshynyhvl hbylswslynyhdb* nbi yml slnils hp

hbvhyli yd slhbylswsly ymla n``dsihbo yd mhp$mls db |bilspynbihbo"


17/62

=

@DBSNIH@HBO ANLSBHX

Hy hp bdy lbyhsljx ys|l ymny mnssdhbo wmdydosnwmp id bdy hblvhyncjx jdpl

ymlhs wdls yd pmd`k" C|y ymlx nsl bdy a|`m mljw h yml ynpk hp yd |bilspynbi

-Pdbyno* 37705 =7(" mlpl wmdydosnwmp `nb ymlsldsl wsdcjlanyhpl yml nx

hb mh`m MHVwdphyhvl adymlsmddi hp `dbpys|`yli" _mlymls hbylbili cx

yml wmdydosnwmls ds bdy* yml nxp hb mh`m yml MHVwdphyhvl adymls hp

wdsysnxli* nbi yml n`y ymny pml hp dylb wdsysnxli ihlslbyjx* cshbo pdal

khbi d |bilspynbihbo d yml nbhlyhlp ymny ymhp ho|sl lvdklp nbi yml pd`hnj

ihp`d|splp hb mh`m pml hp jd`nyli"

Fds lnawjl* Ohildb Albiljp wmdyd lppnx db NHIP hb Pd|ym Nsh`n

-Albilj* 3773(* w|cjhpmli hb Yml O|nsihnb* nhap yd wdsysnx yml m|anb

n`lp nbi pydshlp clmhbi yml nwwnjjhbo pynyhpyh`p" Jhkl anbx dymls NHIP

wmdydosnwmlsp* Albilj `nwy|slp yml ysnolix d NHIP* c|y ml njpd lwjh`hyjx

nhap yd `dbvlx yml a|jyhwjl n`lp d yml wnbilah`* hb`j|ihbo ymdpl d

mdwl* `d|snol nbi jn|omyls* nbi d yml ylbn`hyx d ymdpl pwlnkhbo d|y hb

>


18/62

3


19/62

>7

@DBSNIH@HBO ANLSBHX

mhp wmdydosnwmp nonhbpy yml wsle|ih`l nppd`hnyli hym yml wnbilah`" Ml

wslplbyp wmdydosnwmp d n vnshlyx d wldwjl hb ihlslby phy|nyhdbp" _mlb

vhphyhbo mhp lcphyl* dbl pllp nadbo ymlpl n wmdydosnwm -wmdydosnwm >( d

ymsll dalb* dbl mdjihbo mls cncx* nbi slnip yml `nwyhdb5 _mx `nby ymlx

ohvl |p yml yslnyalby yd ankl yml adymls mlnjymx cl`n|pl md hp odhbo yd

jddk nyls ymny blonyhvl `mhji h l nsl odbl4

Cx `jh`khbo db yml wmdydosnwm* yml vhlls lbylsp yml nbylbnynj `jhbh`

mlsl ymlpl dalb nsl phyyhbo -wmdydosnwm 3("

_mlb vhlli hb hyp `dbyly* yml wmdydosnwm hp bd jdbols ncd|y MHV

wdphyhvl adymlsp ilhnbyjx pwlnkhbo d|y" Db yml `dbysnsx* nahi yml anbx

n`lp nbi vdh`lp hb yml lppnx* yml adymlsp* mhihbo clmhbi ymlhs mdpwhynj

hjlp* nsl phjlby nbi mhiilb" mlhs n`ljlppblpp hp bdyh`lncjl* lvdkhbo yml

pmnal d clhbo MHVwdphyhvl adymlsp" mhp pmnal hp `d|bylswdpli nonhbpy

yml nahjhns pjdonb* Cl hpl `dbidahul* db yml njj* mh`m nivh`l* yml

`dawdphyhdb hawjhlp* ymlpl dalb `jlnsjx ihi bdy djjd* ymlhs wslobnby

cdihlp wsdd d ymlhs hsslpwdbphcjl pl|njhyx"ml adymls hb wmdydosnwm 0* sda Albiljp `djjl`yhdb* hp njpd mhiilb*

ymhp yhal clmhbi n mdynyls cdyyjl" ml d`nj wdhby d yml wmdydosnwm

hp mls ymhb nbi wslp|ancjx MHVwdphyhvl `mhji" ml dslosd|bihbo d yml

`mhjip ymhb cdix jlnip dbl yd hanohbl cdym pmnal nbi o|hjy5 yml adymls hp

slpwdbphcjl ds mls `mhjip hbl`yhdb" Pml hp pni nbi npmnali* c|y pml hp njpd

inanohbo ds ilpys|`yhvl" Nyylbyhdb hp ilysn`yli nnx sda yml sljl`yhdb hb

yml ahssds" Lvlb ny yml ansohbp d yml wmdydosnwm* lvlb hb sljl`yhdb* ymladymlsp n`l `nbbdy pll nbi `nbbdy cl pllb"

Enalp Bn`mylx -377>(* mdpl wmdyd lppnx hb Yhalwsdvdkli ilcnyl

ncd|y hyp osnwmh` ilwh`yhdbp d yml mdssds d NHIP nbi hyp hb`j|phdb d

lan`hnyli cdihlp* hb`j|ilp n osd|w d wmdydosnwmp |bhyli cx yml ymlal

d adymlsmddi nbi `mhjimddi" ml adymlsp cdix hp bdy ny njj lan`hnyli5

hy hp bdy wslplby ny njj" Hbpylni* yml adymls hp slwslplbyli hb mls ncplb`l*

lhymls slwjn`li cx hanolp d `nslynklsp mdjihbo `mhjislb ds cx hanolpd ncnbidbli dswmnbp ds pyslly `mhjislb jhvhbo hb ncel`y `hs`|apynb`lp

np n slp|jy* hy hp hawjhli* d anylsbnj MHV" Hy pllap ymny adymlsmddi


20/62

0


21/62

>3

@DBSNIH@HBO ANLSBHX

9

hp pmd`khbo lbd|om hymd|y yml blli ds lan`hnyli anylsbnj cdihlp

ymlsl nsl vlsx l p|`m hanolp yd cl d|bi n`sdpp yml `djjl`yhdbp" d

wmdydosnwmp sda Bn`mylxp `djjl`yhdb hbih`nyl mls ymslny"

Hb yml hspy -wmdydosnwm 9(* osnbiadymls nbi osnbi`mhji onul |bmnwwhjx

hbyd yml ihpynb`l" _l nsl ydji ymny cdym mnvl NHIP" ml wmdydosnwm

`daalbyp db yml `dlhpylb`l d NHIP hbilwlbilbyjx `dbysn`yli hymhb

nahjhlp* wdsysnxhbo yml wnymdp d osnbiadymls nbi `mhji* md dcvhd|pjx

`dbysn`yli MHV sda ihlslby pd|s`lp" ml ncplb`l d yml adymls -yml

vhlls hp jhkljx yd hanohbl ymny pml hp ilni* phb`l yml osnbiadymls hp `nshbo

ds mls `mhji( ihsl`yp pxawnymx ydnsip yml `mhji nbi jlnvlp yml adymls dbjx

hbphb|nyli np yml pd|s`l d hbl`yhdb" ml adymls hp wslplby hb yml dsa d

mls dwwdphyl5 yml Vhsohb Ansx ylbihbo yd yml cncx Elp|p hb yml wh`y|sl db

yml njj llawjhhlp yml whbbn`jl d adymlsmddi" ml wmdydosnwm wslplbyp

|p hym `nylodshlp d hbbd`lb`l5 yml `mhji* yml `nshbo osnbiadymls nbi yml

oddi adymls md hp nb npl|nj vhsohb" ml wmdydosnwm hp yxwh`njjx phjlby

db yml nymls* yml dymls wnsybls hb hbl`yhdb" Ml hp wslplby dbjx hb yml dsad Edplwm hb yml wh`y|sl db yml njj* wdpphcjx yml adpy hbll`y|nj nymls hb

mhpydsx; yml nymls ho|sl* c|y bdy yml slnj nymls"


22/62

>0

HBSDI\@HDB

9

@DBSNIH@HBO ANLSBHX

6

Wmdydosnwm 6 hp sda n `djjl`yhdb cx Ohildb Albilj lbyhyjli Jddkhbo NHIP hb yml n`l nbi ymhp wmdydosnwm sll`yp n nahjhns ymlal hb mh`m

jddkhbo NHIP hb yml n`l dylb hbvdjvlp jddkhbo ny n`ljlpp cdihlp" Yhp wlspdb

`mdpl yd cl wmdydosnwmli hym mls mnbip ny yml d`nj wdhby np n pxacdj d mls

slblli `nwn`hyx yd id mls idalpyh` `mdslp" Yl wmdydosnwm hp ym|p ncd|y

n`yhvhyx nbi n slblli plbpl d nolb`x hb yml dsji" Hy dvlsyjx isnp nyylbyhdb

yd mls mnbip* c|y `dvlsyjx isnp d|s nyylbyhdb yd mny mls mnbip lacsn`l5

mls y|aax" Yl `nwyhdb n``dawnbxhbo mls wmdydosnwm yljjp |p pdalymhboadsl ncd|y ymhp y|aax5 pml mni wslvhd|pjx cllb wslobnby nbi mls `mhji* cdsb

wslany|sljx* ihli ny ymsll adbymp* nsd|bi yml pnal yhal ymny pml ihp`dvlsli

pml np MHVwdphyhvl" Yl wmdydosnwm hp ymlsldsl dpylbphcjx ncd|y mls mnbip*

c|y yml ysn`lp d mls y|aax* nbi yml plbpl d yml wsdhahyx d wsd`slnyhdb nbi

ilpys|`yhdb ymny hp lvdkli* ysnbpdsa d|s |bilspynbihbo d yml hanol"

ml Jddkhbo NHIP hb yml n`l `djjl`yhdb hp ihpyhb`y hb yd nxp"

Fhspyjx* ymdpl wmdydosnwmli lsl sll yd `mddpl md ymlx d|ji jhkl ydslwslplby ymlapljvlp -mlb`l yml snal hb yml cn`kosd|bi(* ymlslcx ynkhbo

pdal dblspmhw dvls yml dsa d slwslplbynyhdb" Pl`dbijx*


24/62

>>(* c|y wlsmnwp njpd yml wlshwmlshlp

d yml dymls hanolp* p|oolpyp n ihlslby nx d hanohbhbo nbi n ihlslby

nsln d anylsbnj hanohbnyhdb* nbi hy hp ymhp a|jyhwjh`hyx d anylsbhyx ymny

ymhp cddk hjj nha yd lwjdsl"


28/62

>8

HBSDI\@HDB

NCD\ MHP CDDK

@dbysnih`yhbo Anylsbhyx `nb cl slni hb ihlslby nxp* nbi yml cddk mnp

ihlslby w|swdplp" Dbl w|swdpl hp yd wslplby n ymldslyh`nj |bilspynbihbo*

cnpli db hbylsvhl inyn* d adymlsmddi hb yml `dbyly d MHV" mhp npwl`y

d yml cddk hjj nwwlnj yd n`nilah` slnilsp" ml pl`dbi w|swdpl d yml

cddk* mh`m hjj nwwlnj yd cdym n`nilah` nbi bdbn`nilah` slnilsp* hp

yd lwjdsl yml pydshlp d slnj adymlsp* nhahbo yd wslplsvl yml `dawjlhyx*

pdwmhpyh`nyhdb* `dbjh`yp nbi edxp lwslppli cx ymla" ml slnils hjj

ymlsldsl bdyh`l ymny ymlsl nsl yd ihlslby pyxjlp hb yml cddk* mh`m sljl`y

ymlpl ihlslby b|nb`lp" @lsynhb `mnwylsp dslosd|bi yml ymldslyh`nj vdh`l*

mhjl dymlsp dslosd|bi yml vdh`lp d yml adymlsp ymlapljvlp* njymd|om njj

yml `mnwylsp nsl hbylslpyli hb cdym dslosd|bihbo nbi ymldshphbo anylsbnj

lwlshlb`l" Hb yml `mnwylsp adsl `lbysnjjx `db`lsbli hym yml adymlsp

ymlapljvlp* ymldslyh`nj `db`lsbp nsl iljhclsnyljx hawjh`hy pd np bdy yd ilysn`y

sda yml hawdsynb`l d yml adymlsp vdh`lp"mlsl nsl njpd ihlslby wlspwl`yhvlp hb ymhp cddk5 ymdpl d yml adymlsp nbi

ax db" Cl`n|pl H na shyhbo yml cddk* yml adymlsp vdh`lp nsl bl`lppnshjx

hjylsli ymsd|om ax db wdphyhdbhbo np n mhyl dalb* nb n`nilah` nbi

n `jhbh`nj wpx`mdjdohpy* np ljj np ymsd|om yml vdh`lp d yml ymldshlp |wdb

mh`m H isn" Ax wslplbynyhdb d adymlsmddi hb yml `dbyly d MHV hp

hbylswslyhvl* njymd|om hy hp osd|bili mlnvhjx hb yml n`y|nj dsip d yml

adymlsp H hbylsvhlli" H lwlshlb`li nb dbodhbo ilcnyl ncd|y md a|`md axplj yd w|y hb yml cddk" Fds lnawjl* ymlsl lsl wdhbyp hb hbylsvhlp

mlsl ax db slpwdbplp yd yml pydshlp H np mlnshbo lsl pyshkhbo5 wdhbyp ny

mh`m H np |bncjl yd mlns pdalymhbo* ds d|bi axplj |b`mnsn`ylshpyh`njjx

pxawnymlyh` ds nbbdxli* pdalyhalp nbyhbo yd nidwy adymlsp ds ymlhs

cnchlp* pdalyhalp hpmhbo H lsl pdalmlsl ljpl" H pdalyhalp dbilsli

mx hy ahomy cl* ds lnawjl* ymny* ny dbl wdhby hb nb hbylsvhl hym n

wnsyh`|jns danb* H `d|ji bdy ymhbk d n phbojl ~|lpyhdb yd npk* lvlbymd|om ymhp mni bdy d``|ssli cldsl* ds mlsl H hilbyhhli ds ihphilbyhhli

hym hbylsvhlllp" H d|bi hy |pl|j yd bdyl ax hbylsbnj slpwdbplp i|shbo


29/62

37

@DBSNIH@HBO ANLSBHX

yml wsd`lpp d shyhbo hb sljnyhdb yd yml alnbhbop H np shyhbo ncd|y -l"o"

yml wdhbyp hb nbnjxphp mlsl H ljy py|`k* ds mlsl H ljy ymny alnbhbo np

wsdjhlsnyhbo d|y d `dbysdj* ds mlsl H islnili shyhbo ncd|y n wnsyh`|jns

hpp|l(" Nbdymls sljnyhdbpmhw |pl|j yd sljl`y |wdb mhjl shyhbo `db`lsbli

nlpymlyh`p" H dylb mni yd dbils mlymls ax ilphsl ds cln|yh|j dsip np

dskhbo ydnsip ax ilphsl yd `dbvlx yml pdwmhpyh`nyhdb nbi `dawjlhyx d

hbylsvhl anylshnj ds mlymls hy np dskhbo yd illbi axplj nonhbpy pdal

d yml ihh`|jyx nbi |ojhblpp d MHVwdphyhvl adymlsmddi"

Ax hbhyhnj hbylbyhdb np yd shyl ymlpl lwlshlb`lp |jjx hbyd yml nbnjxphp"

Mdlvls* H np `db`lsbli ncd|y yml lylby yd mh`m ymlpl sljl`yhdbp

d|ji slshyl hbylsvhl anylshnj hb nxp ymny ihpynb`li yml lwlshlb`lp H

np ysxhbo yd `dbvlx" _mhjl hy hp hawdsynby yd pynyl dblp wdphyhdb* edklp

ncd|y wdpyadilsb slplns`m -mlsl hy hp njj ncd|y yml slplns`mls( wsdawy

`n|yhdb ncd|y yml wsn`yh`l d sljlhvhyx" Hy `d|ji cl nso|li ymny nb

dvlslawmnphp db yml wdphyhdb d yml slplns`mls s|bp yml shpk d cdym slhxhbo

ihlslb`l nbi ilysn`yhbo sda yml vdh`lp d hbylsvhlllp" Hy hp hawdsynbyyd n`kbdjliol ymny nbnjxphp hp hbdsali cx ax db p|cel`yhvhyx* c|y yml

hb`j|phdb d wnsyh`|jns lnawjlp idlp bdy bl`lppnshjx mljw yd |bilspynbi

anylsbnj lwlshlb`l nbi wdylbyhnjjx `dawjh`nylp hbylswslynyhdb snymls ymnb

ankhbo hy adsl ysnbpwnslby" H mnvl ymlsldsl jhahyli sljl`yhdbp db ax db

wdphyhdb hb yml cddk* nbi mnvl nhali yd wsn`yhpl sljlhvhyx cx hbplsyhbo

ax p|cel`yhvhyx hbyd ax shyhbo* h"l" hb n jlpp ilp`shwyhvl nbi adsl wsd`lpp

dshlbyli anbbls" H mnvl |pli sljnyhdbpmhwp hym n ysnhbli wpx`mdnbnjxpy*md p|wlsvhpli yml wsdel`y* nbi hym `djjlno|lp -hb`j|ihbo ljjd osni|nyl

py|ilbyp* n`nilah`p nbi `jhbh`nj wpx`mdjdohpyp( yd lwjdsl yml nbnjxphp hym

yml mljw d dymls p|cel`yhvhyhlp" mhp mnp wsdvhili n `d|byls`ml`k slonsihbo

yml `dmlslb`l d hbylswslynyhdb nbi yml vlshyx d hyp jhbkp yd yml inyn

-Ljjhdyy* Fhp`mls & Slbbhl* >888; nxjds* 377>(" Cl`n|pl yml py|ix mnp nb

|b|p|njjx jnsol pnawjl phul ds ~|njhynyhvl slplns`m* hy mnp njpd cllb lnphls yd

|pl slwlyhyhdbp hb yml inyn hb dsils yd sljl`y |wdb ax hbylswslynyhdbp"Slnilsp hjj njpd lb`d|byls yml cddk ymsd|om ymlhs db p|cel`yhvhyx nbi

anx slni yml n``d|byp d adymlsp hb ihlslby nxp yd yml dblp wslplbyli


30/62

3>

HBSDI\@HDB

hb ymhp cddk" Ln`m slnils hjj hbi mhp$mls db nx yd slni yml cddk*

nbi H mnvl iljhclsnyljx nvdhili wslplbyhbo n adbdjhymh` n``d|by" Np dbl

d yml nbdbxad|p slvhllsp ds yml cddk nvd|sncjx bdyli* @dbysnih`yhbo

Anylsbhyx hbphpyp db `dawjh`nyhbo anyylsp* snymls ymnb phawjhxhbo ymla"

Np p|`m* hy wlsmnwp snhplp adsl ~|lpyhdbp ymnb hy nbplsp" P|`m ~|lpyhdbp

hbvhyl wdpphchjhyhlp ds ihnjdo|l nbi ds nvdhihbo `dbpysh`yli |bilspynbihbop

d adymlsmddi hb yml `dbyly d MHV"

Dvlsvhlw df yml cddk

@mnwyls 3* Fn`hbo yml MHVwdphyhvl Adymls* clohbp yml cddk hym nb

hbysdi|`yhdb yd pdal d yml dalb md wnsyh`hwnyli hb yml py|ix"

Nyls ilp`shchbo yml `dbyly d yml py|ix* yml pydshlp d d|s dalb nsl

hbysdi|`li" ml cddk iljhclsnyljx clohbp hym yml pydshlp d slnj adymlsp pd

np yd mhomjhomy yml `dawjlhyx d ymlhs pydshlp sda yml d|yply"

@mnwyls 0* ml Edxp d Adymlsmddi* dlsp n `shyh`nj hbylswslynyhdb dn`nilah` jhylsny|sl db adymlsmddi* hb`j|ihbo lahbhpy* wpx`mdixbnah` nbi

Pd|ym Nsh`nb wlspwl`yhvlp" Hy hp mdwli ymny `dbphilsnyhdb d adymlsmddi

np nb hilbyhyx* mlymls ds bdy dvlspmnidli cx MHV* hjj lb`d|snol

slnilsp yd lb`d|byls MHVwdphyhvl adymlsmddi np n wnsyh`|jns hbpynb`l d

adymlsmddi* mh`m* cl`n|pl d hyp lyslahyx* njjdp |p yd lnahbl hilbyhyhlp

d adymlsmddi adsl csdnijx np ljj" @mnwyls 9* Fhbihbo yml MHVwdphyhvl

Adymls* lylbip lnahbnyhdb d yml jhylsny|sl pwl`hh`njjx hb sljnyhdb ydMHVwdphyhvl adymlsmddi" Cx slnihbo ymhp jhylsny|sl hym n wpx`mdixbnah`

nbi ihp`|sphvl lxl* pdal d yml ihp`dadsyp nbi npp|awyhdbp d MHV

wdphyhvl adymlsmddi clohb yd lalsol" mhp nbnjxphp nso|lp ymny p|`m py|ihlp

nsl njadpy l`j|phvljx hbylslpyli hb yml wdylbyhnj d adymlsp yd inanol

ymlhs `mhjislb" Jhkl jhpylbhbo ds pjhwp d yml ydbo|l* H nso|l ymny dbl `nb

slni p|`m py|ihlp hym nb lxl yd onwp nbi wdhbyp d hssnyhdbnjhyx hb dsils

yd |bilspynbi yml pwl`hh` nbhlyhlp ymny yml ho|sl d yml MHVwdphyhvladymls lvdklp hb yml p`hlbyhh` hanohbnyhdb" Pwl`hh` ymlalp d ncplb`l*

ilnym* o|hjy nbi ncbdsanjhyx nsl lwjdsli" mhp ynpk jlnip hbyd yml pl`dbi


31/62

33

@DBSNIH@HBO ANLSBHX

mnj d yml `mnwyls* hb mh`m ihp`|sphvl nbi wpx`mdixbnah` snaldskp*

`lbysnj yd yml ymldslyh`nj snaldsk d yml cddk* nsl lwjdsli"

@mnwylsp < yd = wslplby nb nbnjxphp d hbylsvhlp `dbi|`yli hym MHV

wdphyhvl adymlsp" @mnwylsp < nbi 6 d`|p db yml anylsbnj wdphyhdb hb

mh`m yml cncx hp yml wshansx p|cel`y" @mnwyls


32/62

3" Fn`homlMHV! wphhvl Ayls

Hb `dawnshbo yml MHVwdphyhvl adymls ilwh`yli hb wmdydosnwmp nbi

`dbpys|`yli hb yml jhylsny|sl -pll `mnwyls 9( yd yml dalb H hbylsvhlli*

wlsmnwp yml adpy pyshkhbo lny|sl hp ymny ymlpl hanolp id bdy clohb yd

`dbvlx yml a|jyhwjh`hyx ds `dawjlhyx d lwlshlb`lp d adymlsmddi hb yml

`dbyly d MHV hbl`yhdb" d `dbpys|`y n ihp`slyl nbi alnp|sncjl dcel`y

`njjli yml MHVwdphyhvl adymls hp ym|p nb hawdpphcjl ynpk" mlsl lsl npanbx ihlslb`lp nadbo dalb np ymlsl lsl phahjnshyhlp" mhp hp |symls

`dawjh`nyli cx yml n`y ymny ln`m danb mni n ihlslby jhl pydsx* mh`m

hbjl`yli mls lwlshlb`l d adymlsmddi hb yml `dbyly d MHV ihlslbyjx" Hy

cl`dalp `jlns ymny ysxhbo yd `mnsn`ylshpl yml MHVwdphyhvl adymls hawjhlp

ymny n yxwl lhpyp ymny hp lhymls wsdi|`yhvl d ds wsdi|`li cx MHV hbl`yhdb

ymny lhymls n `lsynhb yxwl d wlspdb `dbysn`yp MHV ds ymny MHV hbvdklp n

`lsynhb csnbi d adymlsmddi" ml a|jyhwjh`hyx d lwlshlb`l sljl`yli hbhbylsvhlp hym MHVwdphyhvl adymlsp hawjhlp ymny ymhp |bhxhbo npp|awyhdb

hp n dsa d adbdjhymh` pyhoanyhpnyhdb"


33/62

39

@DBSNIH@HBO ANLSBHX

Yl `dawjlhyx d lwlshlb`l sll`yli hb yml inyn pllap yd |symls

|bils`|y yml wdjnshpli ilp`shwyhdbp hawjh`hy hb yml jhylsny|sl" Slpwdbplp yd yml

lwlshlb`l d adymlsmddi snhpli n wjlymdsn d ihlslby hpp|lp" Ylpl hpp|lp

lsl dylb lbynbojli hym dbl nbdymls* nbi lsl pdalyhalp `jlnsjx ilbli

nbi pdalyhalp snoalbyli nbi ihpedhbyli; pdalyhalp `jlnsjx nsyh`|jncjl nbi

pdalyhalp hbmnchyhbo n pwn`l ymny lby clxdbi mny `d|ji cl pnhi" _mhjl

yml dalb pwdkl adsl |jjx nbi ihsl`yjx ncd|y yml lwlshlb`l d clhbo MHV

hbl`yli* ihp`|pphdb d adymlsmddi mni n a|`m adsl `dbyhbolby nbi pmhyhbo

yly|sl hb hbylsvhlp" Hy np lnphls ds yml dalb yd ynjk ncd|y ymlhs MHV

hbl`yhdb ymnb hy np yd ynjk ncd|y ymlapljvlp np adymlsp" Yhp sll`yp yml

pjhwwlshblpp d yml `db`lwy d adymlsmddi hb csdnils wpx`mdjdoh`nj ymldsx

nbi w|cjh` |bilspynbihbo d mny hy alnbp yd cl n adymls" Phahjnsjx* yml

lwlshlb`l d clhbo MHVwdphyhvl* mhjl lnphls ds yml dalb yd ynjk ncd|y

ymnb lwlshlb`lp d adymlsmddi* nbi* np yml nbnjxphp hjj pmd* dylb ynjkli

ncd|y isnhbo db lpyncjhpmli nbi wsn`yhpli ihp`d|splp* np bdblymljlpp

lwslppli hb a|jyhwjl nxp" N wdphyhvl ihnobdphp mlji ihlslby alnbhbop hbsljnyhdb yd ihlslby npwl`yp d ymlhs jhvlp nbi ny ihlslby wdhbyp hb yml yljjhbo5

yml lwlshlb`l d clhbo MHVwdphyhvl np pdalyhalp pysnbol nbi ldyh`

-l`mdhbo yml dcel`y d yml MHVwdphyhvl adymls hb yml p`hlbyh` nbi wdw|jns

hanohbnyhdb(; pdalyhalp njjl`jhwphbo; nbi pdalyhalp e|py nbdymls npwl`y*

njclhy nb hawdsynby nbi wnhb|j dbl* d lvlsxinx jhl"

Yhp `mnwyls wjn`lp yml dalb hb ymhp py|ix hymhb yml lymdp d yml

slplns`m plyyhbo nbi d ymlhs lbvhsdbalby hb dsils yd `dbyly|njhpl pdal dyml lvlsxinx slnjhyhlp ds cjn`k dalb jhvhbo hym MHV hb Pd|ym Nsh`n"

Cl`n|pl MHV `hs`|jnylp pd wdls|jjx hb yml pd`hnj dsji nbi hb hyp wdls

sljnyhdbp nbi hbpyhy|yhdbp* wlspdbnj alnbhbop nbi pydshlp `nbbdy cl njhlbnyli

sda ymlpl pd`hnj alnbhbop" @dbvlspljx* nb |bilspynbihbo d MHVwdphyhvl

p|cel`yhvhyx `nbbdy ynkl p|cel`yhvhyx wshds yd MHVihnobdphp np n wsllhpyhbo

nbi |banskli ohvlb* c|y np `dbpyhy|yli hymhb n wnsyh`|jns pd`hnj* l`dbdah`

nbi mhpydsh`nj `dbyly" F|symlsadsl* yml hanol d yml cjn`k MHVwdphyhvladymls hp dbl ymny wdylbyhnjjx hb`hylp yml hanohbnyhdb* dlshbo lnpx homyp d

nb`x nhili cx sn`l* olbils* hilnjp d adymlsmddi nbi nbynphlp d MHV"


36/62

3?

FN@HBO ML MHVWDPHHVL ADMLS

wdpphcjl yd wsdvhil vlsx jhyyjl `dbyly nbi npp|al pdal pmnsli plbpl d

slnjhyx clyllb slnils -mlymls Cshyhpm ds bdy( nbi slplns`m wnsyh`hwnbyp"

Wsdvhihbo `dbyly hp ym|p wdylbyhnjjx n ynpk ymny sl~|hslp lwjnhbhbo mlsl

ihlslb`l nbi ldyh`hpa jhlp* nbi ymlslcx hb y|sb mdjip wdylbyhnj ds

mdadolbhphbo nbi hbp`shchbo ihlslb`l"

ml dalb H hbylsvhlli* ilpwhyl ymlhs `|jy|snj* l`dbdah` nbi

lbvhsdbalbynj jnbip`nwl* nsl hb anbx nxp bdy ihlslby ds pysnbol5 ymlx

`dbi|`y sljnyhdbpmhwp; ymlx mnvl phahjns mdwlp nbi lnsp yd ymdpl d dymls

dalb; ymlx nsl adymlsp e|py jhkl dymls adymlsp" Ny yml pnal yhal* mdlvls*

ymlx jhvl hymhb n wnsyh`|jns `dbyly ymny hp bdy bl`lppnshjx nahjhns yd ymdpl

jhvhbo d|yphil Pd|ym Nsh`n -ds* hbilli* yd pdal jhvhbo hymhb Pd|ym Nsh`n(*

nbi mh`m hbdsap ymlhs p|cel`yhvhyhlp nbi ymlhs anylshnj lhpylb`l" mlx

nsl pha|jynbld|pjx nahjhns nbi pysnbol* nbi blli yd cl `dbyly|njhpli np

cdym pysnbol nbi nahjhns"

Ohvlb yml wnsnidh`nj bny|sl d yml ynpk d anwwhbo `dbyly* H hjj

nvdhi ncpysn`y ilwh`yhdbp d ymhp wnsyh`|jns `dbyly" Hbpylni* H hjj ilp`shclyml slplns`m dbyly nbi ymlb hbysdi|`l d|s dalb md wnsyh`hwnyli hb yml

py|ix* nbi mdpl pydshlp vhvhijx hjj|pysnyl npwl`yp d yml pd`hnj lbvhsdbalby"

N ilp`shwyhdb d yml ahjhl| hb mh`m ymlx jhvl hjj lalsol sda -hblvhyncjx

hb`dawjlyl( lwjdsnyhdb d ymlhs wlspdbnj pydshlp; hb ymhp nx* hy hp mdwli

ymny `dbyly hjj cl wdsysnxli np j|hi5 np cdym olblsnj nbi |bh~|l* nahjhns

nbi pysnbol"

ML HBLSVHL_ PLHBO

Yl dalb md wnsyh`hwnyli hb hbylsvhlp lsl cjn`k dalb clyllb yml

nolp d 3> nbi 0=" Njj mni pdal jlvlj d p`mddjhbo* c|y dbjx dbl mni sl`lhvli

n |bhvlsphyx li|`nyhdb" Phyx wls `lby lsl |blawjdxli" Ncd|y n ymhsi d yml

pnawjl lsl spy yhal adymlsp" d dalb lsl hbylsvhlli md mni cllb

ihnobdpli np MHVwdphyhvl cldsl njjhbo wslobnby" Hy hp wdpphcjl ymny dymlsdalb lsl ihnobdpli cldsl wslobnb`x* c|y lsl |bhjjhbo yd niahy ymhp"

Ncd|y ydymhsip lsl hb n sljnyhdbpmhw d pdal pdsy hym yml nymlsp d ymlhs


37/62

3=

@DBSNIH@HBO ANLSBHX

cnchlp* njymd|om anbx lnsli ymny yml sljnyhdbpmhw np cslnkhbo idb nbi

l n`y|njjx jhvli hym ymlhs wnsyblsp" D ymdpl md lsl bdy hb n sljnyhdbpmhw

hym ymlhs cnchlp nymlsp* adsl ymnb mnj slwdsyli ymny ymlhs wnsyblsp mni

jly ymla nyls ymlx mni ihp`jdpli ymlhs MHV pyny|p" Anbx mni njpd bdy ydji

nahjx alaclsp nbi mni pwdklb yd l wldwjl d|yphil yml `jhbh` `dbyly"

ml dalb hbylsvhlli lsl bdy n pynyhpyh`nj ahbdshyx" MHV pynyhpyh`p*

p|`m np yml wslvnjlb`l d hbl`yhdb nadbo wslobnby dalb* `dbsdby dbl

hym yml pmlls lbdsahyx d yml wnbilah`* np ljj np hyp sljlvnb`l ds Nsh`n

nbi ds dalb" Fds lnawjl* d yml 00 ahjjhdb wldwjl hbl`yli dsjihil*

33 ahjjhdb -ds 6? wls `lby( jhvl hb p|cPnmnsnb Nsh`n* mh`m hp hbmnchyli

cx e|py dvls >7 wls `lby d yml dsjip wdw|jnyhdb -\BNHIP* 377=(" mhp

hp bdy* mdlvls* bl`lppnshjx `dadsyhbo yd ymdpl jhvhbo d|yphil yml slohdb"

\BNHIP -3779( hbih`nylp ymny MHV hbl`yhdb hp db yml shpl ojdcnjjx*

wnsyh`|jnsjx nadbo dalb hb lvlsx slohdb d yml dsji" Fds lnawjl*

mlylsdpl|nj hbl`yhdb hb _lpylsb L|sdwl adsl ymnb id|cjli clyllb

>88? nbi 3773* nbi MHV mnp cllb hilbyhhli np yml npylpyosdhbo mlnjymwsdcjla hb yml \bhyli Khboida"

Pd|ym Nsh`n mnp yml mhomlpy b|acls d MHVhbl`yli wldwjl hb yml

dsji ny 88=( nbi anx cl hildjdoh`nj hb bny|sl -Olbyujls* >880;

Vlb|yh* >883(" ml |pl d nb hbylswslyls ahomy ymlsldsl mnvl `dawsdahpli

yml `dbvlspnyhdbp* phb`l MHV hp ihp`d|spl jnilb hb Pd|ym Nsh`n" mhp alnby

ymny dalb md ihi bdy llj `dadsyncjl `daa|bh`nyhbo hb Lbojhpm lslhawjh`hyjx l`j|ili sda yml py|ix" Mdlvls* Pd|ym Nsh`n hp n a|jyhjhbo|nj

pd`hlyx nbi anbx dalb ljy `dadsyncjl `dbvlsphbo hb Lbojhpm* wsllsshbo


38/62

38


ymhp yd mnvhbo nb hbylswslyls wslplby" Hy njpd pllali ymny anbx dalb nbyli

yd wnsyh`hwnyl hb hbylsvhlp nbi nbyli yd ankl ymlapljvlp |bilspyddi"

Hb pdal hbylsvhlp hym dalb mdpl Lbojhpm wsdh`hlb`x np sljnyhvljx

wdds* ymlx lsl bdblymljlpp nilwy ny `daa|bh`nyhbo mny np hawdsynby

yd ymla5 mhjl ymlhs jnbo|nol |pl anx bdy mnvl cllb pdwmhpyh`nyli* ymlhs

nchjhyx yd `daa|bh`nyl ymlhs lwlshlb`l np"

_dalb lsl hbvhyli yd `dbi|`y dbl ds adsl hbylsvhlp hym al* hym

yml jlhchjhyx yd `mddpl mny ymlx ljy `dadsyncjl slvlnjhbo" dymhsip

d yml pnawjl il`hili yd `dbi|`y adsl ymnb dbl hbylsvhl" Pl`dbi nbi

p|cpl~|lby hbylsvhlp mlji yml nivnbynol d illwlbhbo hbylsvhl inyn* np

ljj np njjdhbo `dawnshpdb ds vlshh`nyhdb d inyn nbi nbnjxphp* nbi ds

dwwdsy|bhyhlp yd lnahbl pmhyp* `dbyhb|hyhlp nbi `dbysnih`yhdbp -Mdjjnx

& Ellspdb* 3777("

ML @JHBH@ @DBL}

ml mdpwhynj mlsl yml slplns`m np cnpli hp n olblsnj mdpwhynj* c|y hp

kbdb hb Edmnbblpc|so np n yslnyalby `lbysl ds MHVwdphyhvl adymlsp"

Hy hp n pynyl mdpwhynj nbi* hb `dbysnpy yd lwlbphvl wshvnyl mdpwhynjp* hp

`sdili nbi |bilspynli* hym jhahyli n`hjhyhlp" Njj MHVwdphyhvl dalb

ny ymhp mdpwhynj lsl dlsli Blvhsnwhbl ds wslvlbyhdb d adymlsyd`mhji

ysnbpahpphdb hb dsils yd sli|`l yml wdpphchjhyx ymny adymlsp d|ji ysnbpahy

yml vhs|p yd ymlhs mhjislb" ml al`mnbhpap d adymlsyd`mhji ysnbpahpphdbnsl vlsx pwl`hh`" mlsl nsl ymsll wdhbyp ny mh`m n adymls anx hbl`y mls

`mhji5 hb |ylsd -mlsl ymlsl hp n ? wls `lby `mnb`l d hbl`yhdb(* i|shbo

jncd|s ds iljhvlsx -30 wls `lby( ds ymsd|om cslnpyllihbo -= wls `lby(" ml

`|a|jnyhvl wsdcnchjhyx d n danb ysnbpahyyhbo yml vhs|p hp lpyhanyli ny 0>

wls `lby -Ilwnsyalby d Mlnjym* 3773(" Hbl`yhdb snylp nsl sli|`li h yml

adymls idlp bdy cslnpylli" Blvhsnwhbl hp nb hblwlbphvl nbyhslysdvhsnj is|o

ymny sl~|hslp ahbha|a idpnol yd cl ll`yhvl" N phbojl idpl d Blvhsnwhblohvlb yd yml adymls cldsl iljhvlsx nbi yd yml `mhji nyls chsym sli|`lp

yml wsdcnchjhyx d adymlsyd`mhji ysnbpahpphdb cx adsl ymnb mnj* sda


39/62

07

@DBSNIH@HBO ANLSBHX

0> wls `lby yd >0 wls `lby -Ilwnsyalby d Mlnjym* 3773(" Cldsl 377>

ymhp `dpy dbjx \P)9 ds* np dbl `dawnshpdb n`lsch`njjx bdylp* yml wsh`l d

nb lpwslppd nbi `sdhppnby"> Phb`l ymlb* yml `dpy mnp isdwwli isnanyh`njjx"

snbpahpphdb adilp nbi snylp hbih`nyl ymny yml anedshyx d `mhjislb cdsb

yd MHVwdphyhvl adymlsp nsl bdy hbl`yli - :myyw5$$"ojdcnjpysnylohlp"dso2"


40/62

0>


shpkli slvlnjhbo adymlsp nbi cnchlp pyny|p" ml `jhbh` adpy vhphcjx nl`yli

cx MHV np ym|p yml adpy hbvhphcjl nbi pl`slyhvl"

Olblsnj nbylbnynj `jhbh`p lsl s|b lvlsx inx" ml nhyhbo sdda np

|p|njjx `sdili" Db yml MHV `jhbh` inx* mdlvls* yml nhyhbo nsln np

ilplsyli nbi yml `jhbh` jddkli `jdpli" Wnyhlbyp nhyli hb n panjj phil sdda"

ml idds np njnxp klwy hsajx `jdpli" Dbl mni yd kbd`k nbi nhy yd

cl niahyyli" ml osd|w clonb lnsjx hb yml adsbhbo hym n wsnxls" _mhjl

dalb nhyli yd cl pllb cx n id`yds* `d|bpljjdsp niislppli vnshd|p ydwh`p*

hb`j|ihbo `dbida |pl -yml iladbpysnyhdb d mh`m wsdawyli ahsym ds

`dbilp`lbphdb(* n`yp ncd|y yml ysnbpahpphdb d MHV* o|hiljhblp ds mlnjymx

jhvhbo nbi yml |pl d Blvhsnwhbl" Adpy dalb H hbylsvhlli lbedxli

ymlpl `jhbh`p* cl`n|pl ymlx `d|ji l`mnbol ymlhs pydshlp nbi dcplsvl yml

wpx`mdjdoh`nj nbi wmxph`nj pyslboym d dymlsp" Adpy dalb lsl ny jlnpy ph

adbymp wslobnby* wnsyjx cl`n|pl `jhbh` vhphyp lsl adsl sl~|lby hb jnyls

wslobnb`x nbi wnsyjx cl`n|pl anbx dalb nsl ihnobdpli jnyl hb wslobnb`x

-lhymls cl`n|pl ymlx nsl sllssli jnyl sda jd`nj `jhbh`p md mnvl bdy dlsliylpyp ds cl`n|pl ymlx dbjx lby yd `jhbh`p jnyl hb ymlhs wslobnb`hlp(" Fhvl

md|sp jnyls* yml osd|w lbili hym pnbih`mlp nbi `dll cldsl lvlsxcdix

lby mdal" H hbylsvhlli hb n wshvnyl sdda nylsnsip -ds ny dymls yhalp

a|y|njjx nssnboli(* phb`l dalb dsshli ymny ymlx d|ji ahpp pllhbo n

id`yds* nbi h yml id`yds mni njslnix cllb pllb* ihi bdy nby yd ahpp clhbo

hb yml osd|w"

Yl wdpybnynj jhbh` yddk wjn`l hb n jnsol nsi hym clip hb yml nhyhbo nsln-ds cnchlp yd cl `mnboli db( nbi n panjjls* `dsidblid `dbp|jynyhdb nsln"

\bjhkl yml nbylbnynj `jhbh`* yml idds yd yml nsi np dwlb" Hb ymhp ihlslby

plyyhbo ymlsl np jlpp plbpl d `dmlslb`l hb yml osd|w d ymdpl md nyylbili"

_dalb pwdkl yd dbl nbdymls mhjl ymlx nhyli ds jhpylbli yd `d|bpljjdsp*

c|y ymlx `nal nbi jly ny ihlslby yhalp* np ljj np hbylsahyylbyjx ly`mhbo

ymlhs mdpwhynj jlp ds ly`mhbo dsa|jn ds ymlhs cnchlp* mh`m yml mdpwhynj

wsdvhili" slnyalby np `jlnsjx ds ymlhs cnchlp* nbi bdy ymlapljvlp5 cnchlplsl lhomli* lnahbli nbi pdalyhalp ylpyli* c|y adymlsp bllihbo alih`nj

nyylbyhdb lsl sllssli yd nbdymls mdpwhynj" Cnchlp dylb sl~|hsli nyylbyhdb*


41/62

03

@DBSNIH@HBO ANLSBHX

nbi plvlsnj cnchlp lsl |p|njjx `sxhbo ny nbx dbl yhal" Wnsyh`hwnyhdb nbi

hbvdjvlalby hb yml nbylbnynj osd|w lsl mhom; hb yml wdpybnynj osd|w pdal

dalb pny `lbysnjjx yd ynjk yd dbl nbdymls* mhjl dymlsp pny db yml wlshwmlsx

nbi sladvli ymlapljvlp sda hbylsn`yhdb" Adymlsp hym ph`k cnchlp lsl

|p|njjx db yml wlshwmlsx nbi dylb mhi ymlhs cnchlp |bils cjnbklyp* lvlb hb

yml mlhomy d p|aals* np h npmnali d mnvhbo ymla pllb" Ny ymhp `jhbh`* H

hbylsvhlli ymsd|omd|y yml inx"

@jhbh`p lsl wslidahbnbyjx nyylbili cx cjn`k dalb" Hb yml ph adbymp

hb mh`m H vhphyli `jhbh`p* dbl mhyl danb nyylbili dbl plpphdb" Dbl d

yml `d|bpljjdsp ydji al ymny ymlsl lsl pd l `djd|sli dalb ny yml

MHV `jhbh` cl`n|pl* pml ymd|omy* pyhoan np pysdbols hb ymhp `daa|bhyx5

`djd|sli dalb ihnobdpli np MHVwdphyhvl lsl olblsnjjx nwwslmlbphvl

yd nyylbi yml osd|w ds lns d clhbo sl`dobhpli nbi jncljjli" 3 Fl pyn

alaclsp lsl mhyl" Cl`n|pl H na mhyl* wnyhlbyp wslp|ali H np bdy n

wnyhlby nbi np wnsy d yml alih`nj ylna" Sn`l slanhbp n vhphcjl hpp|l

hb Pd|ym Nsh`n* nbi H mni lwl`yli sn`hnj ihlslb`l yd cl nb hawdsynbyixbnah` hb hbylsvhlp" Db ax hspy inx hb yml nbylbnynj `jhbh`* H np osllyli

hym p|pwh`hdb cx yml adymlsp* wnsyjx cl`n|pl ymlx lsl ahpys|py|j d

mny H ahomy ymhbk d ymla" Hb ihp`|pphdb* p`lwyh`hpa np vdh`li slonsihbo

mlymls H* np n mhyl danb* d|ji cl ncjl yd |bilspynbi ymlhs lwlshlb`lp"

mlx lsl adsl `db`lsbli* mdlvls* ncd|y mlymls H d|ji slpwl`y ymlhs

`dbhilbyhnjhyx* ymlhs haalihnyl npp|awyhdb clhbo ymny H d|ji ihv|jol ymlhs

hilbyhyhlp yd yml wslpp" Pdal lsl njpd p|pwh`hd|p ncd|y yml wnsyh`hwnyhdbll H dlsli5 dbl danb pnhi ymny mls pydsx np bdy ds pnjl" _l ihp`|ppli

ymlpl `db`lsbp* nbi yml dalb `db`j|ili ymny ymlx d|ji blli yhal yd

ymhbk ncd|y mlymls ymlx d|ji jhkl yd wnsyh`hwnyl ds bdy"

ml bly yhal H nyylbili yml `jhbh`* mdlvls* yml nyadpwmlsl np vlsx

ihlslby* nbi ymsd|omd|y yml slplns`m wlshdi adsl dalb nbyli yd

wnsyh`hwnyl hb yml slplns`m ymnb yhal njjdli" ml `d|bpljjdsp lsl ny jlnpy

wnsyjx slpwdbphcjl ds ymhp" Dvlspysly`mli nbi |bilswnhi* dskhbo hymd|y

3 mhp `nylodsx np `dbpys|`yli i|shbo yml nwnsymlhi lsn hb dsils yd hbih`nyl wldwjl

d ahli sn`hnj mlshynol" ml ylsa `dbyhb|lp yd cl |pli"


42/62

00


p|wlsvhphdb* ymlx lsl lnols ds al yd hbylsvhl yml dalb* phb`l ymlx

`d|ji bdy jhpylb yd lvlsxcdix" ml dalb pllali yd dcplsvl a|y|nj slpwl`y

clyllb axplj nbi `d|bpljjdsp* nbi yd cl adsl lnols yd wnsyh`hwnyl np n

slp|jy" mlx njpd pwdkl yd dbl nbdymls* nbi n b|acls d dalb il`hili

yd wnsyh`hwnyl nyls n shlbi mni ydji ymla ncd|y mls db hbylsvhl" ml

anedshyx d dalb mni l wldwjl yd ynjk yd* nbi `daalbyli db md

ihh`|jy hy np yd hbi pdaldbl ihp`slly nbi bdbe|ioalbynj hym mda

yd ynjk ds nbx phobhh`nby wlshdi d yhal"

_hymhb ymhp `dbyly* hpp|lp d sn`hnj ihlslb`l pllali yd cl`dal jlpp

hawdsynby" Wnsyh`hwnbyp dylb npp|ali* ds lnawjl* ymny H |bilspyddi npwl`yp

d ymlhs `|jy|snj nbi sn`hnj lbvhsdbalby" Dymls ihlslb`lp* p|`m np ax MHV

blonyhvl pyny|p* ax ~|njh`nyhdbp nbi ax pyny|p np bdbadymls pllali adsl

hawdsynby* c|y lsl hbsl~|lbyjx albyhdbli" Njymd|om n l dalb pllali

wshanshjx adyhvnyli cx yml slplns`m ll nbi pdal cx n ilphsl yd mljw dymlsp*

adpy d ymla yslnyli hbylsvhlp np nb dwwdsy|bhyx yd onhb pdal sljhl ds

|bilspynbihbo d ymlapljvlp* nbi dylb vlscnjhpli ymhp lwjh`hyjx"Ax MHV pyny|p np d``nphdbnjjx `daalbyli db hb hbylsvhlp" Dbl

danb ydji al yd cl p|sl yd |pl `dbidap nbi pynx MHVblonyhvl" Nbdymls*

npp|ahbo ymny mhyl wldwjl id bdy oly MHV* npkli al mx ymhp np yml

`npl" _mlb H np hb yml `jhbh`* mdlvls* hy pllali ymny dalb pdalyhalp

ylpyli al" Fds lnawjl* H np sl~|lpyli yd pmnsl ddi* `|wp ds jhwpyh`k mhjl

sl~|lbyjx clhbo ydji hb hbylsvhlp ncd|y ymdpl md sl|pli yd pmnsl p|`m

ymhbop cl`n|pl ymlx lsl nsnhi d MHVwdphyhvl wldwjl" Fl wldwjl npklimlymls H np n adymls ds bdy" Hbylslpyhbojx* ymhp cl`nal adsl wslvnjlby

ydnsip yml lbi d yml slplns`m ds pdal dalb md mni `dbi|`yli

plvlsnj hbylsvhlp hym al" Dbl* ds lnawjl* ljy ymny H pmd|ji bdy iljnx

adymlsmddi* cl`n|pl hyp bh`l* mhjl nbdymls pnhi H wsdcncjx nbyli yd cl n

adymls* c|y ymny hy d|ji cl clyyls ds al yd slanhb `mhjijlpp" ml n`y ymny

H na n `jhbh`nj wpx`mdjdohpy np wlsmnwp adpy `daalbyli db5 wnsyh`hwnbyp

dylb npkli al ds nbplsp nbi n b|acls d dalb ilp`shcli nbyhbo ydpy|ix |symls nbi clhbo |bncjl yd ndsi yd id pd" Dbl danb pnhi pml mni

nbyli yd cl n pd`hnj dskls ds wpx`mdjdohpy jhkl al* c|y mni bd adblx


43/62

09

@DBSNIH@HBO ANLSBHX

yd id pd" mhp np n `daalby db mls jn`k d li|`nyhdb `dawnsli yd ahbl*

c|y njpd db ax nj|lb`l `dawnsli yd mlsp" Hy np ym|p yml ihlslb`l d

pd`hdl`dbdah` pyny|p ymny np adpy vhphcjl hb hbylsvhlp -c|y* d `d|spl*

bdy hb njj hbylsvhlp(" Fds lnawjl* n b|acls d dalb npkli al yd mljw

ymla hbi lawjdxalby" N l md lsl sljnyhvljx l`dbdah`njjx pl`|sl

yddk wnhbp yd ilp`shcl md ymlx mni osdb |w hb wdvlsyx" Hb n b|acls d

hbylsvhlp* dalb ilp`shcli ymlhs wdvlsyx hb nxp ymny p|oolpyli ymny ymlx

ymd|omy H d|ji cl jlnpy ncjl yd |bilspynbi ymhp npwl`y d ymlhs jhvlp" Ax

mhylblpp* pd`hdl`dbdah` pyny|p nbi wslplb`l hb yml mdpwhynj sl~|lbyjx

jli yd npp|awyhdbp ymny H np n id`yds* nbi yml lwl`ynyhdb ymny H d|ji

cl mljw|j pllali yd ahyhonyl ansklsp d ihlslb`l" F|symls* anbx dalb

anil `daalbyp hawjxhbo ymny ymlx ljy H `d|ji hilbyhx hym ymla cl`n|pl

H np n danb5 hy pllali ymny* hb ynjkhbo ncd|y MHVwdphyhvl adymlsmddi*

olbils np adsl hawdsynby ymnb sn`l"

ml slplns`m plyyhbo* cdym hymhb `jhbh`p nbi hbylsvhlp* np n vlsx

pwl`hh` `dbyly pysdbojx hbj|lb`li cx yml alih`nj hbpyhy|yhdb hb mh`mhy np wdphyhdbli* np ljj np* d `d|spl* cx yml lvlswslplb`l d MHV nbi

adymlsmddi ymny ilhbli hyp vlsx lhpylb`l" Hy np n `dawjl lbvhsdbalby

ymny njjdli pmnshbo nbi `dbbl`yhdb* c|y np njpd anskli cx slalacsnb`l

nbi njhlbnyhdb yml `jhbh` nbi yml hbylsvhlp slahbili dalb d

ymlhs MHVwdphyhvl pyny|p nbi lsl ilhbli bdy dbjx cx yml hb`j|phdb d

n``lwynb`l* c|y cx yml njhlbnyhdb ymny plwnsnyli MHVwdphyhvl adymlsp

-md cljdboli hb ymlpl `jhbh`p( sda lvlsxcdix ljpl -md ihi bdy(" Hy npnb lbvhsdbalby ymny njjdli ds ihpnjjdli ihlslby ymhbop ds ihlslby

dalb nbi yd mh`m n snbol d lwlshlb`lp* cn`kosd|bip nbi ladyhdbp

lsl csd|omy" _mhjl adpy dalb lsl cjn`k* ymlx `nal sda n vnshlyx d

ihlslby wjn`lp nbi pwdkl n b|acls d ihlslby jnbo|nolp" _mhjl ymlx lsl

olblsnjjx wdds* yml dalbp pd`hdl`dbdah` lbvhsdbalby vnshli" Pdal mlji

`|jy|sl nbi ysnihyhdb yd cl hawdsynby* mhjl dymlsp `dbphilsli ymlapljvlp

adilsb |scnb dalb" Pdal dalb mni `dbplsvnyhvl nwwsdn`mlp ydolbils sljnyhdbp* mhjl dymlsp ljy ymlapljvlp yd cl adsl jhclsnj" Pdal jhvli

ymlhs jhvlp hbilwlbilbyjx; dymlsp mlji illw nbi vnj|li `dbbl`yhdbp yd ymlhs


44/62

0886(" Hb lvlsxinx blodyhnyhdbp* mdlvls* lwl`yhbo dalb yd ynkl

slpwdbphchjhyx ds ymlhs pl|njhyx hobdslp yml npxaalysx d mlylsdpl|nj

sljnyhdbpmhwp -Khwwn ly nj"* >887(" mhp mnp wnsyh`|jns slpdbnb`l hb Nsh`n*

mlsl dalb mnvl jhyyjl n``lpp yd pl|nj blodyhnyhbo wdls -Jnpdb*

>888(" N danb md sl~|lpyp `dbida |pl* ds lnawjl* hp jhkljx yd cl

n``|pli d clhbo MHV hbl`yli ds wsdahp`|d|p* ds d n``|phbo mls wnsyblsd hbhiljhyx -Pnbyd* >88883(" mhp hp wsl`hpljx mny


50/62

9>


nbi H mnvl adblx" Lvlsx yhal mlb H cd|omy pdalymhbo* hyp ds ax

adymls* cl`n|pl H kbd ymny ax csdymls mlp ishbkhbo* xd| pll njj

ymlpl ymhbop* nbi ax phpyls `nby mljw ax adymls" Lvlsxymhbo np

vlsx* vlsx oddi; al nbi ax adymls ody db ljj"

mhp hjj|pysnylp yml `|jy|snj hawdsynb`l d p|wwdsyhbo dblp nahjx* n vnj|l

pmnsli cx adpy wnsyh`hwnbyp* mlymls ymlx jhvli hym nahjx ds bdy" Fds

W|ajn* mdlvls* ymhp p|wwdsy np bdy sl`hwsd`nyli nbi pml np ds`li yd

jhvl db mls db" mhp np wnsyh`|jnsjx m|sy|j ds mls* ohvlb yml `|jy|snjjx

n``lwyli wsn`yh`l ymny n danb jhvlp hym mls adymls nyls n cncx hp cdsb

pd mls adymls `nb mljw hym yml hspy pynolp d `mhjislnshbo nbi wsdyl`y mls

hb yml anylsbnj mdal" Lvlb dalb md jhvli hym ymlhs wnsyblsp lsl

lwl`yli yd od yd ymlhs adymlsp mdalp ds n wlshdi wdpywnsy|a" Hb slnjhyx*

mdlvls* l dalb lsl ncjl yd id ymhp* lhymls cl`n|pl ymlhs adymlsp

jhvli ns nnx* lsl dji ds mni ihli; cl`n|pl ymlx mni ihh`|jy sljnyhdbpmhwp

hym ymlhs adymlsp; ds cl`n|pl ymlx lsl pyhoanyhpli nbi slel`yli cl`n|pld ymlhs MHV pyny|p* np hb W|ajnp `npl"

Njymd|om pdal dalb lsl p|wwdsyli nyls ihp`jdphbo ymlhs MHV pyny|p*

njj yml dalb hbylsvhlli lwlshlb`li pdal pyhoan" mhp np pdalyhalp

n ihsl`y slp|jy d ihp`jdphbo ymlhs pyny|p* c|y np pdalyhalp hbihsl`y"

B|alsd|p lnawjlp lsl `hyli d dalb dvlsmlnshbo ds wnsyh`hwnyhbo hb

`dbvlspnyhdbp ncd|y MHV hym wldwjl md ihi bdy kbd ymny ymlx lsl

wdphyhvl nbi clhbo m|sy cx yml wsle|ih`li `daalbyp wldwjl anil" W|ajnilp`shclp n yxwh`nj lnawjl hb mh`m ymhp wsle|ih`l hp `dachbli hym

npp|awyhdbp ncd|y adymlsmddi5

_mlblvls ymlpl wldwjl ymlx ynjk ncd|y MHV nbi NHIP [nbiQ ymlx

ymhbk wldwjl [nslQ hym MHV* wldwjl jhkl yd ynjk vlsx* vlsx* vlsx

cni ymhbop ncd|y MHV wldwjl" Pdalyhalp ymlx pnx* dm* H idby jhkl

ymlpl wldwjl" H anxcl pdalcdix `nb `dal hbyd ax md|pl nbi pnxymlxsl MHVwdphyhvl* H `nb pnx* bd xd| a|py od" mlb H pnhi yd

ymhp wlspdb* h H `nb yljj xd| ymny Ha MHVwdphyhvl* mny nsl xd|


52/62

90


Pml njpd ilp`shcli nyylawyhbo yd onhb p|wwdsy sda mls `m|s`m"

@mshpyhnbhyx np hawdsynby yd mls* np yd anbx wnsyh`hwnbyp* nbi pd pml pwdkl

yd yml wshlpyp hl" Mnvhbo lwlshlb`li wsle|ih`l* pml snali hy `nsl|jjx5 H

ihiby pnx Ha wdphyhvl yd yml jnix" H pnx ymlx ymhbk ymny H ahomy cl wdphyhvl"

Hb mls vhl* mls nshblpp np e|pyhli; pml ymd|omy ymny yml wshlpyp hl mni

clysnxli mls `dbilb`l5

P|binx* mlb H od yd `m|s`m* yml wshlpy np c|px wsln`mhbo ncd|y

wldwjl md idby slpwl`y ymlhs adymlsp nbi pdal d ymla ymlx nsl

MHVwdphyhvl; xlp* xd| pll* h xd|sl MHVwdphyhvl* xd|vl idbl cni

ymhbop yd xd|s cdix" Odi pmdp ymny xd|* xd| pll [hbn|ihcjlQ" Pd ymhp

jnix ydji mha nbi ymnyp mx ml np wsln`mhbo jhkl ymny"

Hb n `dbyly mlsl MHV nnslblpp hp vhphcjl db yljlvhphdb* hb blpwnwlsp*

hb p`mddjp nbi db chjjcdnsip* yml dpysn`hpa ymny `hs`|jnylp hb yml n`l d

MHV hp pyshkhbo" W|ajn ilp`shcli pyhoan hb mls pd`hnj lbvhsdbalby nbi njpdilp`shcli md pml `mlshpmli n yljlvhphdb nivlsyhplalby pmdhbo n mhyl

anb md mni jhvli hym MHV ds >8 xlnsp" W|ajn ljy wnsyh`|jnsjx ysnwwli

cx mls pyny|p nbi ilp`shcli lljhbo pljnbols nbi pljmnysli ds cl`dahbo

MHVwdphyhvl" ml `dbysnih`yhdb ymny hy npby mls n|jy* c|y ymny pml np yd

cjnal* n `dbysnih`yhdb pmnsli cx dymls dalb* np dbl ymny pml np |bncjl

yd slpdjvl* nbi dbl ymny np l`mdli hb yml pd`hnj lbvhsdbalby"

JLJLH

Jljlyh np ihnobdpli MHVwdphyhvl e|py cldsl ohvhbo chsym yd mls pdb" Pml

nyylbili n jd`nj `jhbh` mlsl bd sd|yhbl ylpyhbo yddk wjn`l* c|y j|`khjx*

pml pnxp* mls cncx np hb yml csll`m wdphyhdb nbi pml np plby yd yml `jhbh`

mlsl ax hbylsvhl hym mls yddk wjn`l" Pml np |blawjdxli nbi jhvli

hym mls adymls* hym mda pml mni n `jdpl sljnyhdbpmhw" Mls pdb* plvlbadbymp dji* np MHVblonyhvl" Jljlyh `dbi|`yli yd hbylsvhlp hym al*

il`hihbo yd wnsyh`hwnyl db yml p|oolpyhdb d `d|bpljjdsp* cl`n|pl pml np


53/62

99

@DBSNIH@HBO ANLSBHX

ylns|j nbi hb ad|sbhbo" Mls cdxshlbi mni sl`lbyjx ihli* wsdcncjx d

nb NHIPsljnyli hjjblpp" Pml mni ydji mha d mls ihnobdphp mlb pml np

wslobnby nbi ml mni cllb n``lwyhbo nbi jdvhbo* mni odbl ds n ylpy mhaplj*

c|y mni cllb ydd p`nsli yd sly|sb ds yml slp|jyp" Ml mni jnyls cl`dal

snwhijx ph`kls hymhb n llk; mhp ilnym mni cllb |blwl`yli" Phb`l mhp

ilnym* mhp nahjx mni `dawjlyljx dpysn`hpli mls nbi mni jly mls hbnb`hnjjx

ilpyhy|yl" Pml lljp ymlx anx cjnal mls ds mhp ilnym5 H idby kbd* anxcl

ymlx ymhbk Ha* H khjjli mha* H idby kbd" H idby kbd mny ymlx nsl

ymhbkhbo* c|y hy pllap jhkl* jhkl hyp ymny"

Jljlyh mnp bdy ihp`jdpli mls pyny|p yd nbxdbl ljpl" Pml hp wnsyh`|jnsjx

slj|`ynby yd yljj mls adymls* mda pml lljp hp ydd dji nbi snohjl nbi anx

bdy `dwl hym nbdymls jdpp5 H idby kbd md hyp odhbo yd cl [h H yljj mls*Q

cl`n|pl """ pml mni mls mlnsy csdklb hym ax cdxshlbi" Yl hawjh`nyhdb hb

yml hbylsvhl np ymny Jljlyh kbl ncd|y csdklb mlnsyp" Jljlyhp csdymls ihli

anbx xlnsp wslvhd|pjx sda nb |blwjnhbli hjjblpp nbi ymhp jdpp np csd|omy

cn`k yd mls mlb mls cdxshlbi ihli5 hyp n id|cjl jdpp bd* xd| kbd" Pmlmni njpd wslvhd|pjx jdpy mls spy hbnby pdb* md mni cllb ph`k phb`l chsym

nbi d|ji bdy oly clyyls" Pml ihi bdy lwjh`hyjx pnx ymny ymhp jdpp anx mnvl

cllb NHIP sljnyli* njadpy np ymd|om hy lsl ydd wnhb|j yd vdh`l* c|y pml mni

`jlnsjx dbilsli mlymls hy np" Pml ymnbkli Odi* ds lnawjl* ds njjdhbo

mls yd pnvl ymhp bl cncx* nbi njpd pnhi ymny h pml mni kbdb mls pyny|p hym

mls spy cncx* anxcl ml np odhbo yd cl njhvl cx bd"

Jljlyhp MHV ihnobdphp* ymlsldsl* np bdy hpdjnyli hb mls cdix nbiahbi* c|y np hbyhanyljx `dbbl`yli hym yml NHIPsljnyli ilnymp d

dymlsp" Hb Pd|ym Nsh`n* mlsl mlylsdpl|nj `dbyn`y hp yml wshansx adil d

ysnbpahpphdb nbi hbl`yhdb snylp nsl mhom* MHV hp bdy nb l`lwyhdb nbi idlp

bdy lhpy hb yml ansohbp d pd`hlyx" Jljlyhp `dbylawjnyhdb d mls db ilnym

yddk wjn`l hb yml `dbyly d mnvhbo pllb dymlsp ihl" mhp np `daadb5

njadpy lvlsxcdix pwdkl ncd|y yml lwlshlb`l d ny`mhbo pdalcdix

lhymls n jdvli dbl ds n blhomcd|s cl`dahbo ph`k nbi ixhbo" K|jh nbiBdbxnalkd* ds lnawjl* mni jdpy cnchlp yd NHIP" Wnjlpnp csdymls mni |jj

cjdb NHIP* c|y ymlx lsl cdym ydd p`nsli yd yljj dbl nbdymls ymlhs pmnsli


54/62

98==5 >6(" Cl`n|pl d hyp nppd`hnyli pyhoan* hy mnp cllb nso|li ymny MHV$

NHIP `nbbdy cl |bilspyddi d|yphil yml pd`hnj pxpylap d alnbhbo ymny

hbp`shcl yml MHVwdphyhvl -nbi blonyhvl( cdix" mhp anklp MHV$NHIP

nb lwhilah` d phobhh`nyhdb -slh`mjls* >8==5 0>(* hawjxhbo ymny hy mnpwsdawyli nb lwhilah` d alnbhbop nbi njpd ymny ymlpl alnbhbop |lj

nbi wlswly|nyl yml lp`njnyhdb d yml lwhilah`" slh`mjls ->8==( p|oolpyp

ymny NHIP ihp`d|spl wsdjhlsnylp cx jhbkhbo yd wsllhpyhbo pxpylap d

ihlslb`l* ymlslcx ankhbo |p llj pnl" Hy mnp ymlsldsl cllb p|oolpyli

ymny hbvlpyhonyhdb hbyd yml phobhh`nyhdbp nyyn`mli yd MHV$NHIP hp ns

sda nb ncpysn`y lbylswshpl* phb`l ymlpl alnbhbop ihsl`yjx sljnyl yd pd`hnj

wdjh`x nbi wsn`yh`l nbi yd yml lwlshlb`l d clhbo MHVwdphyhvl -Plhilj*>887(" \bilspynbihbo ymlpl alnbhbop hp `lbysnj yd `|schbo yml lwhilah`

-Pyslclj* >88?( nbi yd n clyyls |bilspynbihbo d yml nxp hb mh`m ymlpl


62/62


alnbhbop `dbpys|`y MHVwdphyhvl p|cel`yhvhyx -_hjjho* 3777(" NHIP

ihp`d|spl hp bdy phawjx ncd|y hssnyhdbnj nbi wdjhyh`njjx jdnili alnbhbo; hy

hp `lbysnjjx ncd|y yml nxp hb mh`m ymlpl pd`hnj alnbhbop wsdjhlsnyl cdym

ymlapljvlp nbi yml vhs|p" Np anysh`lp d ihp`shahbnyhdb mnvl pyslboymlbli

np hy cl`nal `jlnsls ymny yml vhs|p idlp bdy ihp`shahbnyl* pd yml vhs|p mnp

wsdjhlsnyli np n `dbpl~|lb`l d ymhp ihp`shahbnyhdb"

Pd|ym Nsh`nb MHVwdphyhvl adymlsmddi hbip hyplj hymhb n kbdy d

p|`m ihp`shahbnyhdb" _njkls ->887( bdylp ymny nbx Pd|ym Nsh`nb lahbhpa

`nb dbjx cl sljlvnby hym n sl`dobhyhdb ymny yml anedshyx d dalb hb Pd|ym

Nsh`n nsl bdy e|py dalb* c|y n`l n yshwjl dwwslpphdb d olbils* `jnpp

nbi sn`l" Pd|ym Nsh`nb dalb md hbi ymlapljvlp MHVwdphyhvl ym|p

nii nbdymls yxwl d ihp`shahbnyhdb* anskli np hy hp cx pyhoan" @dbphilshbo

yml wdls|j nbynphlp `hs`|jnyhbo hb yml pd`hnj dsji* yml lwlshlb`l d

n`y|njjx cl`dahbo MHVwdphyhvl cshbop hbyd lwlshlb`l yml jnilb ~|lpyhdb

d mlymls dbl mnp cl`dal ymlpl nbynphlp* np ljj np yml ihjlaan d hbihbo

nbi ilhbhbo dblplj hb sljnyhdb yd MHV nbi dymlsp"

Contradicting Maternity: HIV Positive Motherhood in South Africa

Documents

Transcript of Contradicting Maternity: HIV Positive Motherhood in South Africa