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![Page 1: Contracts, Agreements and Intellectual Property Main contractual agreements for transfer of technology? Non-Disclosure Agreement (NDA) to protect IP By.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649e575503460f94b4f51b/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Contracts, Agreements and Intellectual Property Main contractual agreements for transfer of
technology? Non-Disclosure Agreement (NDA) to protect IP
By CHANDER M. LALL
Managing Partner Lall & Sethi Advocates
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There are 5 different types of IP:
Trade Marks source identifier
Patents technology protector
Designs protection to product
shape
Copyrights protection of creativity
Confidential Protection of trade secrets
Information © 2012 Lall & Sethi Advocates 2
Intellectual Property Rights(IPR)
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© 2012 Lall & Sethi Advocates 3
TM What is a Trade Mark / Brand
An invisible link between the product source (known or unknown) and the consumer
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© 2012 Lall & Sethi Advocates 4
What constitutes a Trade Mark / Brand ?
word sloganGUCCI
device
label
Name NumeralsProduct Shape
Sound
Character
signature
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© 2012 Lall & Sethi Advocates 5
USE not Registration the Key...
• The existence and life of a trade mark
depends on use.
• Registration provides additional remedy
of infringement only.
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© 2002 Lall & Sethi Advocates 6
TM Trade Mark / Brand Audit
Are the marks being used ? Are the marks registered ? Are the registrations use based or on intent to use ? Are the registrations periodically renewed ? Are the registrations susceptible to cancellation for
non-use or other grounds ? Are there any cancellation actions pending against
the mark ? How many successful enforcement actions have
been initiated based on the mark ? Were any actions unsuccessful ?
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© 2002 Lall & Sethi Advocates 7
TM Trade Mark / Brand Audit….contd.
Are there any licenses for the mark ? If yes, are these licenses properly monitored ? What is the state of the Register ? Are there other
similar / identical marks on the Register ? Are there similar / identical marks in use by third
parties ? For how long ? Are there any third parties who can claim
concurrent / parallel rights in the mark ? Has the mark been diluted for any reason ?
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Copyrights
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–Films
–Musical works
–Sound recordings
–Literary works
Subject matter of Copyrights
–Artistic works
–Dramatic works
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Term and Registration
• Copyrights extend for the life of the authour + 60 years.
• No statutory requirement for registration
• Copyrights subsist with the creation of the work
• India a member of UCC & the Berne Convention
• Copyrights enjoy international protect on a reciprocal basis.
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ACQUISITION OF RIGHTS
BY
ASSIGNMENT
OR LICENSE
IN WRITING
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ASSIGNMENT / LICENSE ESSENTIALS
Territorial extent
Amount of Royalty
Period
Identify the work
One year to exercise rights
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What does this bundle contain?FOR BOOKS
An exclusive right to:• make additional copies (back to back copies) ;
• make electronic copies ;
• sell or distribute copies to the public ;
• read out the work publicly ;
• make a film i.e. film script ;
• make a sound recording i.e. use it as lyrics ;
• translate ;
• make an adaptation ;
• reproduce in material form.
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What does this bundle contain?FOR SOFTWARE
An exclusive right to:• make additional copies (back to back copies) ;
• make electronic copies ;
• sell or distribute copies to the public ;
• Sell or rent a copy
• make an adaptation ;
• reproduce in material form.
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What does this bundle contain?FOR SOUND RECORDINGS
An exclusive right to:• make additional copies ;
• to sell ;
• to give on rent / hire ;
• to publicly play the recording
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What does this bundle contain?FOR CINEMATOGRAPH FILMS
An exclusive right to:• make additional copies ;
• use one screen shot and make a photograph ;
• to sell ;
• to give on rent / hire ;
• to display publicly
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What does this bundle contain?FOR MUSICAL WORKS
An exclusive right to:• make additional copies (back to back copies) ; • make electronic copies ; • sell or distribute copies to the public ; • Play the work on an instrument or sing it publicly ; • make a film i.e. film music; • make a sound recording ; • make an adaptation ; • reproduce in material form.
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What does this bundle contain?FOR ARTISTIC WORKS
An exclusive right to:• make additional copies ;
• make a 3 dimensional image of a 2 dimensional work and visa versa ; i.e. making a sculpture of a sketch or a sketch of a sculpture ;
• display publicly ;
• include in a film ;
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© 2002 Lall & Sethi Advocates 19
© Copyright Audit
Is the work Original ? Is the work registered (Note : Registration is not
compulsory) ? Is the Assignor / Licensor the Author of the work ? Does the Assignor / Licensor have the necessary
authority to assign / license the work ? Are there any joint authors ? If the Author of the work is a corporate entity, are
the employees bound by proper contracts ? Is the work easily identifiable ?
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20
Designs
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“When Companies are competing at equal price & functionality,
Design is the only differential that matters”
Mark Dzeirsk© 2012 Lall & Sethi Advocates 21
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© 2002 Lall & Sethi Advocates 22
Designs• Feature of shape,
• Configuration,
• Pattern,
• Ornament,
• Composition of lines or colours
applied to any article, whether in two dimensions or three dimensions
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© 2012 Lall & Sethi Advocates 23
Designs
• Relates solely to appearance - appeal to the eye
• Does not include mode or principle of construction or
mere mechanical devices
• Registration mandatory prior to publication
• Valid for 10 years, with one renewal for 5 years
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© 2012 Lall & Sethi Advocates 24
• Protection granted to New and Novel designs.
• Novelty is the fundamental reason for the
protection granted.
• Eye is the ultimate judge, thus novelty should
be substantial.
Novelty not Originality the Key..
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© 2012 Lall & Sethi Advocates 25
Unregisterable Designs • Designs that are not new or original
• Designs disclosed to public anywhere, by
publication in tangible form, or by use or in any
other way.
• Designs not significantly distinguishable
• Scandalous or obscene designs
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© 2012 Lall & Sethi Advocates 26
Does your Design look familiar?
• Examination of Design application: to point out defects in the application
• Prior – Art Search: to ensure that similar Design is not published anywhere in the world prior to your filing date
• Your registered design can be challenged for piracy!
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Protection
of
INNOVATION
© 2002 Lall & Sethi Advocates 27
Patents
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• Patent laws give protection to inventions.
• Invention must be new, non-obvious and have industrial application.
• Invention must be related to a product or a process.
• A significant improvement can also be patented.
• Term of protection 20 Years
© 2002 Lall & Sethi Advocates 28
Patents
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Right to exclude others, not ‘freedom to operate’:
• Product patent: exclusive right to prevent others from making, using, offering for sale, selling or importing that product
• Process Patent: exclusive right to prevent others from using the process, and from the act of using, offering for sale, selling or importing the product obtained directly from the process.
© 2002 Lall & Sethi Advocates 29
Rights Granted by Patents
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• Discoveries, theories or scientific principles
• Frivolous or contrary to natural laws
• Second use
• Contrary to public order or morality
• Method of agriculture or horticulture
• Treatment of human beings or animals
© 2012 Lall & Sethi Advocates 30
Non Patentable Subject Matter
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• Mixture of known components acting independent of each other
• Rearrangement of known devices
• Plants or animals in whole
• A mathematical or business method
• Computer program per se
• Traditional Knowledge
• Inventions related to Atomic Energy
© 2012 Lall & Sethi Advocates 31
Non Patentable Subject Matter
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License or assignment
•In writing and duly executed
•Registration with the Patent Office
•Copies of all agreements to be submitted to the Patent Office – terms of license may remain undisclosed
© 2012 Lall & Sethi Advocates 32
Transfer of Rights
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• Review of existing patents and patent applications
• Review of maintenance of fee records
• Review of technology transfer agreements
• Review of license agreements
• Review of invention disclosures
• Review of employment agreements of the R & D staff
© 2012 Lall & Sethi Advocates 33
Patent Audit
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• Cost and benefit analysis for new filings or maintaining the existing patents
• Errors in patent disclosures
• Review if any opposition, revocation or infringement proceedings against patents
© 2012 Lall & Sethi Advocates 34
Patent Audit
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© 2002 Lall & Sethi Advocates 35
Confidential Information
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• No Statutory protection
• Protection depends upon : extent to which the information is known Measures taken to guard the information Value of the information to the concern Tight employment contract Ease of identification
© 2012 Lall & Sethi Advocates 36
Confidential Information
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© 2012 Lall & Sethi Advocates 37
THANK YOU