Contextual Teaching
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Transcript of Contextual Teaching
Contextual TeachingContextual Teaching
Some QuestionsSome Questions
What is the purpose of the educational What is the purpose of the educational system today and in the future?system today and in the future?Will lecture-and-test teaching increase Will lecture-and-test teaching increase student achievement?student achievement?Will classical content-centered teaching Will classical content-centered teaching lower the high school dropout rate?lower the high school dropout rate?Will theoretical teaching help students Will theoretical teaching help students become better connected with real-life become better connected with real-life problem-solving issues?problem-solving issues?
Contextual TeachingContextual Teaching
Way individuals learn bestWay individuals learn best
Students connect life with knowledgeStudents connect life with knowledge
Brain connects knowledge and applicationBrain connects knowledge and application
Brain connects knowing and doingBrain connects knowing and doing
Brain connects content and contextBrain connects content and context
Brain is limited in dealing with material that Brain is limited in dealing with material that does not connectdoes not connect
Try ThisTry This
Memorize the following:Memorize the following:– CreCre– BliBli– RetRet
Now memorize these:Now memorize these:– ChairChair– WaterWater– LightLight
And these . . .And these . . .– MoneyMoney– ShoppingShopping– BargainsBargains
And finally . . .And finally . . .– Beverly went shopping for bargains.Beverly went shopping for bargains.
Development vs TeachingDevelopment vs Teaching
Child developmentChild development– Handle thingsHandle things– ExploreExplore– Knock down, set up, put togetherKnock down, set up, put together– Crawl, walk, talk, imitateCrawl, walk, talk, imitate
Teaching processTeaching process– Passive learningPassive learning– Look, sit, listen, memorizeLook, sit, listen, memorize
Contextual Teaching FrameworkContextual Teaching Framework
Learning for acquisition of knowledgeLearning for acquisition of knowledge
Learning for applicationLearning for application
Learning for assimilationLearning for assimilation
Learning for associationLearning for association
TimeTime
Contextual teaching takes more timeContextual teaching takes more time
Teachers are asked to teach more not lessTeachers are asked to teach more not less
Effectiveness determined by students’ Effectiveness determined by students’ performance on standardized testsperformance on standardized tests– Do not connect with real lifeDo not connect with real life– Do not evaluate problem solvingDo not evaluate problem solving– Reveal socioeconomic makeupReveal socioeconomic makeup
Education’s OptionsEducation’s Options
College prep curriculum for everyoneCollege prep curriculum for everyone
Dumb down teachingDumb down teaching
Examine barriers and change approachesExamine barriers and change approaches
Study ResultsStudy Results
Students tried harder and more interestedStudents tried harder and more interested
Students behaved betterStudents behaved better
Students accepted more responsibilityStudents accepted more responsibility
Greater learning progress Greater learning progress
Work-Based LearningWork-Based Learning
Learning experiences and activities that Learning experiences and activities that are based on and in some type of work are based on and in some type of work setting or simulated work setting setting or simulated work setting
(apprenticeship, internship, co-op, on-the-(apprenticeship, internship, co-op, on-the-job training, career academies, school-job training, career academies, school-based enterprises, job simulation)based enterprises, job simulation)
On-the-Job InstructionOn-the-Job Instruction
Coaching as trainee works and produces Coaching as trainee works and produces useful product or provides serviceuseful product or provides service
Usually occurs at time neededUsually occurs at time needed
Can occur in some classroomsCan occur in some classrooms
Projects and exercises designed to Projects and exercises designed to provide application of on-the-job skillsprovide application of on-the-job skills
OJT Supervisors Should . . .OJT Supervisors Should . . .
Provide opportunities for realistic learningProvide opportunities for realistic learning
Use slack periods for instructionUse slack periods for instruction
Provide trainees with new technical Provide trainees with new technical informationinformation
Be open to trainee suggestionsBe open to trainee suggestions
Planning InstructionPlanning Instruction
Analyze task – skills and knowledgeAnalyze task – skills and knowledge
Determine needed instructionDetermine needed instruction
Plan and schedule instruction Plan and schedule instruction – (See Figure 14-4, page 259)(See Figure 14-4, page 259)
Provide instructionProvide instruction
Evaluate final resultsEvaluate final results
Provide for further practiceProvide for further practice
Execution of OJT InstructionExecution of OJT Instruction
Relaxed atmosphereRelaxed atmosphere
Unhurried instructionUnhurried instruction
Provide relevance and advantagesProvide relevance and advantages
Demonstrate one step at a timeDemonstrate one step at a time
Explain, demonstrate, test, and make Explain, demonstrate, test, and make provisionsprovisions
Execution of OJT InstructionExecution of OJT Instruction
Trainee should be able to devote attentionTrainee should be able to devote attention
Allow minor problems at firstAllow minor problems at first
Direct correction at performanceDirect correction at performance
Maintain emotional controlMaintain emotional control
Follow instruction with questionsFollow instruction with questions
Follow up frequently and provide Follow up frequently and provide encouragementencouragement
OJT Progress Chart (Figure 14-5)OJT Progress Chart (Figure 14-5)
Compares present abilities against present Compares present abilities against present and future requirementsand future requirements
Spotlights training needs and records Spotlights training needs and records progressprogress
Can be used to decide who does whatCan be used to decide who does what
Effective Supervision and OJTEffective Supervision and OJT
Two-way communicationTwo-way communication
Appropriate performance standardsAppropriate performance standards
Participation in planningParticipation in planning
Team spiritTeam spirit
Achievement recognitionAchievement recognition
Analysis of underlying causes of errorsAnalysis of underlying causes of errors
Good working conditionsGood working conditions
Effective Supervision and OJTEffective Supervision and OJT
Constructive criticismConstructive criticism
Atmosphere of approvalAtmosphere of approval
Coaching to correct defectsCoaching to correct defects
Effective delegationEffective delegation
Clear instructions and assignmentsClear instructions and assignments
Effective trainingEffective training
Your TurnYour Turn
Prepare an OJT Lesson Plan OutlinePrepare an OJT Lesson Plan Outline– Flossing and brushing teethFlossing and brushing teeth– Preparing PB & J sandwichPreparing PB & J sandwich– Wash carWash car– Bathe dogBathe dog
Industry-Based InstructionIndustry-Based Instruction
Benefit – direct application to performanceBenefit – direct application to performance
Workers need to update and upgrade Workers need to update and upgrade skillsskills
Sponsored, planned, designed, Sponsored, planned, designed, conducted, and evaluated at job siteconducted, and evaluated at job site
Functional SkillsFunctional Skills
Reading – technical informationReading – technical information
WritingWriting
SpeakingSpeaking
ListeningListening
ReasoningReasoning
ComputationComputation
Computer literacy – WP & SS softwareComputer literacy – WP & SS software
Soft SkillsSoft Skills
Interpersonal skillsInterpersonal skills
AttitudesAttitudes
Project managementProject management
NegotiationNegotiation
Decision makingDecision making
Team skillsTeam skills
Technical SkillsTechnical Skills
Task-specific skillsTask-specific skills
Collect, graph, analyze and program dataCollect, graph, analyze and program data
Recognize alternative solutionsRecognize alternative solutions
Computer-related technologyComputer-related technology
Math and science skillsMath and science skills
Programming, database management, Programming, database management, and Internet usageand Internet usage