Context:

• security of supply

• environmental protection

• limit impact on supply side

• prudence and rationalisation in the use of natural resources

Objectives:

• promote the improvement of building energy performance

• converge building standards towards those of Member States which already have ambitious targets

Energy Performance of Buildings Directive

Why a new directive?

• Buildings responsible for 40% of final energy consumption in EU

• SAVE Directive is now showing benefits but needs a complementary legal instrument to achieve unrealised potential for energy savings

• Construction Products Directive needs to be accelerated

• Labelling Directive needs to be expanded

• RTD programmes have not led to wide technology diffusion

• substantial differences in energy performance between member states

• level playing field is needed for consumers and industry in the internal market

Energy Performance of Buildings Directive

Standards:

• Application to all new buildings

• Application to existing buildings >1000m2 when they are subject to renovation

Energy Performance of Buildings Directive

Proposed measures:

• method for integrated building energy performance standards – not necessary to use the same program in all States, but a common approach is required to ensure a level playing field

• application of standards to new buildings and all major refurbishments

• certification schemes for all buildings

• inspection and assessment of heating, cooling & lighting installations

Energy rating

Domestic buildings – propose to use a modified version of SAP for energy rating

Non-domestic buildings – inclined towards an independent, non-commercial, public domain program (Faber Maunsell have suggested Energy+ to the ODPM)

Energy Performance of Buildings Directive

Method for integrated building energy performance standards:

• considering position and orientation, insulation, heating, hot water, cooling, ventilation, lighting, heat recovery, passive and active renewable energy components, indoor climate

• give flexibility to practitioners to meet standards in the most cost-effective way

• performance to be expressed in terms of simple energy indicators

Energy Performance of Buildings Directive

Existing buildings over 1000m2:

• should meet regulations at time of refurbishment as far as is technically and functionally feasible

Energy Performance of Buildings Directive

New buildings over 1000m2 – at the feasibility stage, the following to be considered:

• decentralised energy supply systems based on renewable sources

• combined heat and power

• district or group heating

• heat pumps (under certain conditions)

Certification scheme:

• certificates to be available when a building is constructed, sold or rented

• include advice on how to improve performance

• be displayed in large publicly owned buildings

Inspection and assessment:

• carried out regularly on oil-fired boilers between 20-100 kW

• every 2 years for oil-fired boilers over 100 kW (4 years for gas-fired)

• where boilers are larger than 20 kW and older than 15 years, the entire installation to be inspected and upgrading advice given

• similar requirements for cooling systems subject to a 12 kW threshold

Energy Performance of Buildings Directive

Impacts:

• new software required for integrated performance assessment

• standards setting and frequency of standards revision

• improvement of renovation and retrofitting techniques

• issuing of performance certificates

• inspector appointment and training

Standards issues:

• heating requirements well covered by EN 832 and prEn 13790

• cooling requirements not yet set by any standard but proposal to develop EN 832 and prEn 13790 to include this

• renewable energy systems, CHP, group heating, daylighting, air quality being considered

Energy Performance of Buildings Directive

Overall Impacts:

• Eduardo Maldonado has estimated the impact for Portugal (10 Million people)

• Certification: 70,000 new or resold; 0.5 person-days per unit gives 35,000 person-days per year; 150 full-time engineers.

• Inspections: similar number required; inspections required at full-load but part-load are of fundamental importance.

• Inspector appointment and training expensive

• Member States will need to include more energy flows in their calculation procedures

• harmonisation is at present limited to only a few energy flows

• expect much further movement at the European level

Energy Performance of Buildings Directive

Wider issues:

• social: why do so few citizens take ownership of the energy consumption problem given that they can save energy (money) and protect the environment

• what will be the impact of moving from uniform descriptive standards to variable performance standards

• liability of developers for misrepresentation

Energy Performance of Buildings Directive

Modelling issues:

• how to assess integrated performance, e.g. interaction between active and passive renewable components

• how to describe complex components, e.g. natural ventilation

• how to ensure consistent methods for establishing performance, e.g. climate data and performance criteria