Context metadata20110905
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Transcript of Context metadata20110905
Context Metadata for Mobile Learning
Prof. Dr. Jan M. Pawlowski
KNOU, Seoul
05.09.2011
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…Jyväskylä, Finland…
Source: [http://www.jyu.fi/, http://www.jyvaskyla.fi/]
Global Information Systems, University of Jyväskylä (JYU) - The Team
Kati ClementsDenis Kozlov
Jan M. Pawlowski
Philipp Holtkamp
Henri Pirkkalainen
My backgroundPh.D. Business Information Systems, University of EssenHabilitation “Quality Management / Integration of Knowledge Management and E-Learning”Professor in “Global Information Systems”Chair CEN/ISSS Workshop Learning TechnologiesISO/IEC JTC1 SC36 Project Editor
JYU: Global Information Systems
Focus areasGlobal Information SystemsSupporting globally distributed workgroupsOpen Educational ResourcesReference Modeling
E-Learning
Supporting international education settingsCultural adaptationStandardization & Quality Management Mobile & Ambient LearningInnovative tools and solutions
ProjectsOpenScout: OER for ManagementTELMAP: Technology ForecastingNORDLET: Nordic Baltic Network for Learning, Education and TrainingCOSMOS, Open Science Resources: Exchange of Scientific ContentASPECT: Open Content and standards for schoolsiCOPER: New standards for educational technologiesLaProf: Language learning in ICT and agriculture
M-Learning around the world…
The challenges
Applications should be usable…– …on different devices– …in different contexts– …for different preferences
Necessary to understand the context– External aspects / factors influencing a
learning situation
No current standards or specifications, only for parts (learner preferences, device specifications, protocols)!
Our approach
Action in the CEN Workshop Learning Technologies (European Standardization Body)
Based on – Context Metadata – Attention Metadata
Application / guidance for M-Learning
Context Metadata (Pawlowski, Richter, 2007)
Culture
Companies
Rules, standards and
agreements
Human actors
Financial aspects Media richness
Internet security
Demographical development
Learner satisfaction
Religion
Geography & education
infrastructure
Technical infrastructure
Rights
History
Politics
State of development
Information & Knowledge
Systems
Specification: CultureGeneral General profile
descriptionName, Creator, Date of creation, Type (organizational, individual, national)
General: Reference
References to other profiles
Vcard reference, LIP reference, e-portfolio reference, Europass-reference, other references
Culture: General Description of the cultural context
Society type, individualism, masculinity, power distance, rituals, language, gender differences, behavioral norms,
Culture: Legal Description of legal background
Intellectual property rights, internet security
Culture: Historical
Historical influences Historical milestones, symbols, heroes
Culture: Political Political situation Political system, parties, persons
Culture: Religion Influence of religion System, confession, group, religious leaders, influence on society
Culture: Development
Status of development Infrastructure, GNP
Specification: Individual aspectsIndividual: General
Individual attributes Competences, educational preferences, media preferences, accessibility requirements, devices, …
Individual: Experiences
Culture related experiences
Country visits, situations, conflicts, attitudes, cases
Individual: Educational
Description of educational preferences
Common pedagogical approaches, teaching style, relation to teachers / fellow learners, group work
Individual: Communication
Description of communication preferences
Electronic communication, face to face communication, communication in groups, feedback preferences
Individual: Mobile
Description of mobile device attributes
Device name, operating systems, language,
Individual: Behavior
Social interactions Reference to CAM (attention metadata) records
Individual: Situation
Situations in which the context is used
Environment, location, actors, noise level, connectivity, …
Using the Spec: M-Learning Design Implications
Metadata Influences on M-Learning Design
Sample adaptation steps
Culture: General Didactical design Mobile interface design Mobile devices Collaboration
Adaptation / change of didactic strategy (depending on collaboration patterns, preferences)
Adaption towards cultural preferences (colors), language, terminology
Acceptance / trends of mobile devices in different countries / cultures
Adaptation of how people communicate and collaborate (e.g. different communication paths, group work strategies)
Culture: Development
Mobile devices Mobile interface design Mobility
Identification which devices are available / usable (e.g. bandwidth, connection types, networks)
Which locations can be used for mobile scenarios
Organizational: Technical
Mobility Adaptation based on aspects such as network speed, bandwidth, operating systems,
Adaptation where and for whom mobile devices are used
Using the Spec: M-Learning Design ImplicationsIndividual: Educational
Didactical Communication and
collaboration Mobility
Adaptation of learning strategy according to preferences (e.g. individual vs group learning, learning style, …)
Adaptation where mobile scenarios take place
Individual: Communication
Communication and collaboration
Didactical
Provision of preferred communication tools (e.g. social network, messenger used by learner)
Different communication networks and paths Adaptation of social interaction
Individual: Mobile Mobile interface design Mobility Media types
Adaptation to operating system and device characteristics
Adaptation of contents according to display size
Adaptation of mobile scenarios according to available location-based services
Adaptation of media according to available display options
Localization to preferred languageIndividual: Behavior Collaboration and
communication Didactical Mobility
Adaptation based on previous (successful) scenarios
Collaboration with previous learning partners Recommendation of contents
Individual: Situation Mobility Collaboration and
communication Didactical
Adaptation based on situation of media types (e.g. no audio in noisy environments, no graphics in bright sunlight)
Adaptation of collaboration depending which potential collaborators are available near the learner or online
Using the Spec: Culture ProfilesCulture Profile Instance (Nation / Region)
Culture Profile Instance (Group)
Learner Profile• Identification• Goals• Qualifications• Activities• …
Culture Profile Specification• General• Reference• Educational• Culture• Communication• …
E-Portfolio / ELM• Organizations• Identification• Resources • Products• …
Culture Profile Instance (Actor)• …• Experience 1: Study
Netherlands• Experience 2: Project
Korea• Native Culture:
Germany• …
Instantiation
INLOC• Competency
description• Evidence• …
Presentation
Contains Product
Defined Culture Competencies
Contains Characteristic
Summary
Context metadata are necessary to design adaptable / adaptive systems
Context metadata are useful for design processes
Many aspect covered, not all explored fully (e.g. cultural adaptation)
More research necessary for automatic adaptation
Forthcoming standardization will lead to a broad consensus process
Contact Information ITRI
Prof. Dr. Jan M. [email protected]
Skype: jan_m_pawlowski
Office:
Telephone +358 50 443 2389
http://users.jyu.fi/~japawlow