CONTENTS...A-9 Acidified Sodium Chlorite Treatments for Improving Shelf-life of Unripe Shredded...
Transcript of CONTENTS...A-9 Acidified Sodium Chlorite Treatments for Improving Shelf-life of Unripe Shredded...
![Page 1: CONTENTS...A-9 Acidified Sodium Chlorite Treatments for Improving Shelf-life of Unripe Shredded Papaya Authors : Vinod K. Jindal, Pompailin Sinrat and Nipon Chamchan](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022041516/5e2b8238c379dd1a157ab2b1/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
![Page 2: CONTENTS...A-9 Acidified Sodium Chlorite Treatments for Improving Shelf-life of Unripe Shredded Papaya Authors : Vinod K. Jindal, Pompailin Sinrat and Nipon Chamchan](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022041516/5e2b8238c379dd1a157ab2b1/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
CONTENTS MAIN PAPER Informatization Agriculture in Japan Author : Takashi Okayasu
Sub-Theme : Post Harvest and Food Engineering A-1 Design of Thermal Conductivity Apparatus Base on Transient-state Radial Cylinder Method Authors : Bambang Dwi Argo, Wahyunanto A. Nugroho, Yoes B. Pristya and Ubaidillah A-2 Effect Extraction Method of Composition Fatty Acid Dieng Carica Seeds Oil (Carica candamarcensis HOK) as Edible Oil Authors : Bambang Dwi Argo, Wahyunanto A. Nugroho, Yoes B. Pristya and Ubaidillah A-3 Adsorption Equilibrium Studies of Bio-Based Butanol from Fermentation Broth by Immobilized of Potato Starch Sorbent Authors : Dina Wahyu, Tsair-Wang Chung A-4 Quality Review of Three Types of Mangoesteen Using Ultrasonic Waves Authors : Emmy Darmawati, Amir Hamzah A-5 Influence of Air Flow Rate on Drying Characteristics of Clove Authors : Junaedi Muhidong, inge Scorpi Tulliza and Ishak A-6 Performance Test of Equipment and Machines of Banana Miller for Mechanization Technology Development of Banana Processing in South Kalimantan Province Authors : Retno Endrasari, Susy Lesmayati A-7 Continuous Dehumidification of Organic Sorbent Powder in Two Connected Fluidized Beds with a Cooling and a Heating Pipe Authors : Sukmawaty, Syahrul A-8 Method of Waxing on Quality and Shelf-life of Semi-cutting Mangosteen in Low Temperature Storage Authors : Usman Ahmad, Emmy, Darmawati, and Nur Rahma Refilia
![Page 3: CONTENTS...A-9 Acidified Sodium Chlorite Treatments for Improving Shelf-life of Unripe Shredded Papaya Authors : Vinod K. Jindal, Pompailin Sinrat and Nipon Chamchan](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022041516/5e2b8238c379dd1a157ab2b1/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
A-9 Acidified Sodium Chlorite Treatments for Improving Shelf-life of Unripe Shredded Papaya Authors : Vinod K. Jindal, Pompailin Sinrat and Nipon Chamchan A-10 Fighting for Malnutrition in Indonesia by Production of Artificial Rice Based on Arrow Root and Cassava with Addition of Cowpea Authors : Danial Fatchurrahman, Wenny Bekti Sunarharum, Anugerah Dany Priyanto, Fathy Fasial Bahanan A-11 Product Features and Cost Analysis of MOCAS (Modified Cassava Starch) Based Bakery Products Authors : Darmawan Ari Nugroho, Ibnu Wahid FA A-12 Fuel Feeding Rate Controlling Base on The Temperature Distribution Simulation on Rosella Pod (Hibiscus sabdariffa linn) Drying Process Authors : Dyah Wulandani, Leopold Oscar Nelwan, I Made Dewa Subrata A-13 Identification of Determinant Factors in Processing and Technology: A Case Study of Fruit Processing Industries (FPIs) in Indonesia Authors : Ida Bagus Suryaningrat A-14 Profile of The Peanut Moisture Content During Deep Bed Drying Authors : Ansar, Sirajuddin,Widhiantari A-15 Effect Lindak Cacao Fruit Maturity (Theobroma Cacao F.) With High Level of Polyphenols as Antioxidants Authors : Jumriah Langkong and Mulyati M. Thahir A-16 Study of Active Packaging System by Using Ethylene Adsorber to Prolong The Storage Life of Avocado Fruits (Perseaamericana Mill) Authors : Lilik Pujantoro, andi Nurfaidah and Yadi Haryadi A-17 The Development of Technology Bundle in Packaging of
![Page 4: CONTENTS...A-9 Acidified Sodium Chlorite Treatments for Improving Shelf-life of Unripe Shredded Papaya Authors : Vinod K. Jindal, Pompailin Sinrat and Nipon Chamchan](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022041516/5e2b8238c379dd1a157ab2b1/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Export Quality of Mangosteens' Transportation Authors : Ni Luh Yulianti and Gede Arda A-18 SynThesis of Chitosan-Ag+ as Antibacterial Material Authors : Shinta Rosalia Dewi, Sri Juari Santosa and Dwi Siswanta A-19 Development of Coffee Beans Caffeine Extraction Using Pressure and Temperature Controllable Reactor Authors : Sukrisno Widyotomo A-20 Optimization of The High Refined Cellulose Process Production from The Sago Fiber Waste by a Delignification Process Involving Nitric Acid, Sodium Hydroxide and Hydrogen Peroxide as The Delignificating Agent Authors : Supranto
Sub-Theme : Energy and Agricultural Machinery
B-1 Technical Analysis and Performance Test of A Small Scale Banana Milling Machine Authors : Ade M Kramadibrata, Totok Herwanto and Boy Ricardo B-2 Design of Measurement System Water Content in Pressurized Chamber Without Disturbing The Process Authors : Anang Lastriytanto, Sudjito S , Roedy S and Sumardi
B-3 Design of Farm Road Construction at The Tertiary Plot of Paddy Field Authors : Asep Sapei, Erizal, and Tatang Sumarna B-4 Aerodynamics Properties of Castor Bean and It's Application for Blower System at Ricinus Castor Bean Hulling Machine Authors : Cahyawan Catur Edi Margana, Rahmat Sabani, and Baharuddin
![Page 5: CONTENTS...A-9 Acidified Sodium Chlorite Treatments for Improving Shelf-life of Unripe Shredded Papaya Authors : Vinod K. Jindal, Pompailin Sinrat and Nipon Chamchan](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022041516/5e2b8238c379dd1a157ab2b1/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
B-5 The Effect of Sugarcane Litter Compost to Soil Physical Mechanical Properties and Ratoon Sugarcane Performance Authors : Iqbal, Tineke Mandang, E. Namaken Sembiring, M.A. Chozin B-6 Tillage Characteristics of Rotavators in Famland Condition of Korea Authors : Dae-Cheol Kim , Ju-Seok Nam, Myoung-Ho Kim and Dae-Chun Kim
B-7 Feasibility Analysis of Palm Oil Mill Effluent Utilization as a Source of Electrical Energy Authors : Suprihatin, E. Gumbira-Sa’id, O. Suparno, D.O. Suryanto and Sarono B-8 Potential Production of Agricultural Byproducts and The Economic Feasibility of Rice Straw as a Feedstock for Bioethanol in Korea Authors : Yeonghwan Bae, Kidong Park, Keum Joo Park
B-9 Study on Oil Palm Fresh Fruit Bunch Bruise in Harvesting and Transportation as a Function to Quality Authors : andreas Wahyu Krisdiarto and Lilik Sutiarso B-10 Application of KUBOTA DC-60 for Paddy Wet Field Harvesting Authors : Ledyta Hindiani and Gatot Pramuhadi B-11 Engineering Characteristics and Potential Energy of Oil Palm Fruit Bunches Harvesting Authors : Wawan Hermawan, Desrial, Muhammad Iqbal Nazamuddin
B-12 Design of Iron Wheel of a Light Tractor for Crop Maintenance in Unconsolidated Paddy Field Authors : Radite P.A.S, I. W. Astika, D. M. Subrata and A. Azis
![Page 6: CONTENTS...A-9 Acidified Sodium Chlorite Treatments for Improving Shelf-life of Unripe Shredded Papaya Authors : Vinod K. Jindal, Pompailin Sinrat and Nipon Chamchan](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022041516/5e2b8238c379dd1a157ab2b1/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
B-13 Design and Performance Test of Metal Kiln Venturi Drum Type for Coconut Shell Carbonization Authors : S. Endah Agustina and Nurul Hasanah
B-14 Design of Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L) Cutting Machine for Seedling Preparation with Bud-chip Method Authors : Siswoyo Soekarno, Luqman Budi Setiawan and Askin B-15 The Clay Content Effect on The formation of Shallow Mole Drainage: An Experimental Study Authors : Siti Suharyatun, Bambang Purwantana, Abdul Rozaq and Muhjidin Mawardi
B-16 The Usage of Shaft to Shaft Transmission for Rotary Saw Crusher for Paddy Straw Authors : Tri Tunggal, Tamaria Panggabean and Hilda Agustina B-17 Functional Interaction Between Pressure and Soil Sinkage for Terrestrial Robotic Vehicles Authors : Lenny Saulia
B-18 Design a Mechanical Device for Making Briquettes Authors : Wiludjeng Trisasiwi, Agus Margiwiyatno, Petrus Hary Tjahja Soedibyo
B-19 A Method of Workload Application for Tractor Transmission Authors : Su Chul Kim, Yoo Joo Kim, Seung Jae Park
![Page 7: CONTENTS...A-9 Acidified Sodium Chlorite Treatments for Improving Shelf-life of Unripe Shredded Papaya Authors : Vinod K. Jindal, Pompailin Sinrat and Nipon Chamchan](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022041516/5e2b8238c379dd1a157ab2b1/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Sub-Theme : Land and Water Resources Engineering C-1 Water Conservation Concern in Surakarta, Indonesia Authors : Agus Suyanto C-2 Influence of Increasing Rain due to Climate Changeon Forest Slope Stability in Aso City, Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan Authors : Aril Aditian and Tetsuya Kubota C-3 Evaluation on Land Use Toward The Environment Support in Ponorogo Regency Authors : Bambang Rahadi, Tunggul Sutan Haji, Euis Elih Nurlelih and Novia Lusiana C-4 The Potential and Constraints of Agricultural Engineering Application in Tidal Lowlands Support Sustainable Food Crops Farming (A Case Study of former Transmigration Area of Banyuasin Regency, South Sumatra Province, Indonesia) Authors : Husin, Robiyanto H. Susanto, Benyamin Lakitan,Ardiyan Saptawan and M. Yazid
C-5 The Effect of Elevation on Planting Calender in West Timor Using Agricultural Rainfall Index (ARI) Method Authors : Jonathan E.Koehuan and Juli Setyanto C-6 Analysis of Soil Erosion on The Catchment Area of Musi Hydro-Power Plant, Bengkulu Province Authors : Khairul Amri, A. Halim, Ngudiantoro and M. Faiz Barchia C-7 Distribution and Characteristic of Landslides in Volcanic Mountains of West Java, Indonesia Authors : Ngadisih, Ryuichi Yatabe, Netra P. Bhandary and Ranjan K. Dahal
![Page 8: CONTENTS...A-9 Acidified Sodium Chlorite Treatments for Improving Shelf-life of Unripe Shredded Papaya Authors : Vinod K. Jindal, Pompailin Sinrat and Nipon Chamchan](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022041516/5e2b8238c379dd1a157ab2b1/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
C-8 Sediment Related Disasters Induced by Intense Precipitation During Hurricane Events in Nuevo Leon, Mexico Authors : Laura Sanchez-Castillo, Tetsuya Kubota, Israel Cantu-Silva and Hasnawir C-9 Prediction of Water Balance to Determine Growing Period of Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) in Kalasan, Sleman Authors : Kamelia Dwi Jayanti, Putu Sudira and Bambang Hendro Sunarminto C-10 Effect of Silica Extracted from Sugar Cane Bagasse and Compost to Soil’s Physical Properties Under Rainfall Simulator Authors : Musthofa Lutfi, Hafidz Yuswandhito U and Wahyunanto Agung N C-11 Determining The Relationships Between Soil Electrical Conductivity and Some Soil Properties Measured by The Real-Time Soil Sensor (RTSS) Authors : Ni Nyoman Sulastri, Sakae Shibusawa and Masakazu Kodaira
C-12 Implementing a Minimum Environmental Flow and Its Effects on Water Management at Sekampung Irrigation Area Authors : Endro Prasetyo Wahono, D. Legono and Istiarto and B. C-13 Constraint and Accelerating Factors of Hydrology and Water Resources in Monsoon Region for The Development of Irrigated Paddy Land: A Case Study At Bali Island Authors : Sahid Susanto
C-14 Development of Bio-System Management for Land and Water Conservation of Watershed Authors : Sahid Susanto
![Page 9: CONTENTS...A-9 Acidified Sodium Chlorite Treatments for Improving Shelf-life of Unripe Shredded Papaya Authors : Vinod K. Jindal, Pompailin Sinrat and Nipon Chamchan](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022041516/5e2b8238c379dd1a157ab2b1/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
C-15 Prospectives of Water Table Management on Reclaimed Tidal Lowlands With Subsurface Drainage Systems (Case Study of Banyu Urip of Banyuasin, South Sumatera Province. Indonesia) Authors : Erry Koriyanti, Robiyanto H. Susanto, Dedi Setiabudidaya, Ngudiantoro and F.X. Suryadi
C-16 Load Force of Water in Tubes on Irrigation Water-Scooped Wheel Authors : Mohammad Agita Tjandra and Apri Roma Habeahan C-17 Organic Mulching for Soil Water Conservation Authors : Muhjidin Mawardi
C-18 Performance of Rotary Sprinkler on The Dry Land Authors : Sitti Nur Faridah, Daniel Useng, Mahmud Achmad, Aryuni C-19 Soil Conservation Strategy for Potentially Landslide Areas in Gintung Sub-Watershed, Central Java Province, Indonesia Authors : Nur Ainun Pulungan, Chandra Setyawan, Sekar Jatiningtyas, Junun Sartohadi Sub-Theme : Environmental Engineering D-1 Water Quality (BOD5 and COD) Mapping of West Tarum Canal as Water Resources for Irrigation Authors : Mouli De Rizka Dewantoro and Yan El Rizal U.D.
![Page 10: CONTENTS...A-9 Acidified Sodium Chlorite Treatments for Improving Shelf-life of Unripe Shredded Papaya Authors : Vinod K. Jindal, Pompailin Sinrat and Nipon Chamchan](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022041516/5e2b8238c379dd1a157ab2b1/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
D-2 Characteristic of Friction and Shading Rate for Al-Screen Curtain Authors : Wonsik Choi, Sunmi Choi, Kyungran Kim, Changju Lee, Jaeyoung Byun,and Sungyoung Park, and Daeyoung Park
D-3 Utilization of Cassava Peel as Feed by Fermentation (Zero Waste Application in Mocaf industry) Authors : Andrew Setiawan, Gensi Ginting, Sukatiningsih, Achmad Subagio D-4 Utilization of Tofu Liquid Waste as Growing Media for Hair Worm (Tubifex sp.) to Reduce Environmental Pollution Authors : Arief Muammar, Aditya Mahendra, Astia R. Safitri
D-5 Cultivation of Chlorella Sp. in Tofu Processing Wastewater Using Raceway Recirculated Pond Bioreactor Authors : Wahyunanto A. Nugroho, Mustofa Lutfi D-6 Effect of Transient Organic Load Fluctuation Using Cassava Waste Water on Anaerobic Hybrid Reactor Authors : Yusron Sugiarto, Pratin Kullavanijaya
D-7 Reduction of Metal Mercury Concentration by The Plant’s Mata Lele (Azolla pinnata R. Br.) for Irrigation Water Authors : Rusnam, Asmiwarti and Maidar Pratomo Sub-Theme : Biophysics Engineering D-8 Inoculation of Uromycladium tepperianum Causes Gall Rust Disease in Various Provenances Sengon (Falcataria moluccana (Miq.)
![Page 11: CONTENTS...A-9 Acidified Sodium Chlorite Treatments for Improving Shelf-life of Unripe Shredded Papaya Authors : Vinod K. Jindal, Pompailin Sinrat and Nipon Chamchan](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022041516/5e2b8238c379dd1a157ab2b1/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Authors : Arief Muammar, Gita Meidiana, Fitria R. Ratmadanti, Siti H. Nurrohmah and Diah Rachmawati D-9 Spectral Imaging Technology for Quality Evaluation of Agricultural Materials Authors : Byoung-Kwan Cho
D-10 Phenotypic Characters Analysis of Cross Melon (Cucumis melo L.) Tacapa Cultivar Authors : Ganies Riza Aristya ,andika Tripramudya Onggo, Budi Setiadi Daryono D-11 Yield Function Model of Vegetable Crops Authors : Rahman Arif, Rahmad Hari Purnomo and Hilda Agustina
D-12 Identification of Nitrogen Status in Brassica juncea L. Using Color Moment, GLCM and Backpropagation Neural Network Authors : I Putu Gede Budisanjaya, I. K. G. Darma Putra and I Nyoman Satya Kumara D-13 Real Time Detection of Pin Hole on Worm-eaten Chestnut with 2CCD Camera Authors : Soo Hyun Park, Soo Hee Lee, Seong Min Kim and Sang Ha Noh
D-14 Growth and Light Utilization Efficiency of Lettuce as Affected by Frequency and Duty Ratio of LED Illumination Authors : Jae Su Lee and Yong Hyeon Kim D-15 A Model-Based Approach for Extracting Viscoelastic Properties from Ultrasound Measurements Authors : Sri Waluyo, Ya Guo, Gang Yao and Jinglu Tan
![Page 12: CONTENTS...A-9 Acidified Sodium Chlorite Treatments for Improving Shelf-life of Unripe Shredded Papaya Authors : Vinod K. Jindal, Pompailin Sinrat and Nipon Chamchan](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022041516/5e2b8238c379dd1a157ab2b1/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
D-16 Energy and Emissions on Lemuru (Sardinella sp.) Fishing in Bali Strait Authors : Miftahul Choiron, Wahyu Supartono, Ag. Suryandono D-17 Scale-up of Production System Prior to Commercial Moss (Sphagnum sp) Rooftop Greening Material Authors : Mirwan Ushada, Wildan Fajar Bachtiar, Ario Wicaksono,Haruhiko Murase
D-18 The Role of Seed Producer in Maintaining Corn Production Sustainability Authors : Winda Amilia, Didik Purwadi, Henry Yuliando D-19 Non Destructive Measurement of Catechin Content in Gambir (Uncaria gambir Roxb) Using NIR Spectroscopy Authors : andasuryani, Y.A. Purwanto, I.W. Budiastra, K. Syamsu and Lady C.E.Lengkey D-20 Non Destructive Prediction of Ripe-Stage Quality of Mango Fruit CV ‘Gedong Gincu’ Stored in Low Temperature by NIR Spectroscopy Authors : Yohanes Aris Purwanto, Putri Wulandari Zainal, Sutrisno, Usman Ahmad, Yoshio Makino, Seiichi Oshita, Yoshinori Kawagoe and Shinichi Kuroki Sub-Theme : System and Management E-1 Production Optimization of Crude Palm Oil at PTPN VII Unit Usaha Betung by Using Goal Programming Method Authors : Rahmad Hari Purnomo, Endo Argo Kuncoro and Malis Septian E-2
![Page 13: CONTENTS...A-9 Acidified Sodium Chlorite Treatments for Improving Shelf-life of Unripe Shredded Papaya Authors : Vinod K. Jindal, Pompailin Sinrat and Nipon Chamchan](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022041516/5e2b8238c379dd1a157ab2b1/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Application of Analytical Hierarchy Process in Selection of Herbal Product Authors : Luh Putu Wrasiati, Dewa Ayu Anom Yuarini, Ida Ayu Mahatma Tuningrat and I Made Anom Sutrisna Wijaya E-3 Subak Development Programs to Implement Agro-Ecotourism Authors : Sumiyati, Wayan Windia, I Wayan Tika and Ni Nyoman Sulastri E-4 A Study on Determinant Factor Affecting Performance of Palm Oil Productivity in Pelalawan Regency, Riau Province, Indonesia Authors : Widya Alwarritzi and Putu Hangga
E-5 Design of Wireless Measurement of Soil Gases and Soil Environment Based on Programmable-System-On-Chip (PSOC) Authors : Arief Sudarmaji, Akio Kitagawa and Junichi Akita E-6 Development of UV and Violet Illumination System with High Power LED for Fluorescence Imaging Authors : Hoyoung Lee, Moon S. Kim, Soo Hyun Park and Sang Ha Noh
E-7 Development of Real Time Change Point Analysis for Field Environmental Information in Agriculture Authors : Andri Prima Nugroho, Takashi Okayasu, Muneshi Mitsuoka, Eiji inoue, Yasumaru Hirai and Lilik Sutiarso E-8 Simplified Algorithm for Daily Time Step Simulation of Standalone PV System Using Peak Sun Hour Data Authors : Dimas Firmanda Al Riza and Syed Ihtsham-ul Haq Gilani
![Page 14: CONTENTS...A-9 Acidified Sodium Chlorite Treatments for Improving Shelf-life of Unripe Shredded Papaya Authors : Vinod K. Jindal, Pompailin Sinrat and Nipon Chamchan](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022041516/5e2b8238c379dd1a157ab2b1/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
E-9 Image Processing Method for Counting of Fish Eggs and Fish Juveniles Authors : I Wayan Astika and Fajar Mulyanti E-10 Institutional Culture in Brantas Watershed Management Authors : Nugroho Tri Waskitho E-11 Modeling and Simulation of Oil Palm Plantation Productivity Based on Land Quality and Climate Using Artificial Neural Network Authors : Hermantoro E-12 Application of Fuzzy Quantification Theory I in The Criteria Selection of Gate Operation in Blawong Irrigation System, Bantul, Yogyakarta Authors : Murtiningrum, Mega Primarini and Saiful Rochdyanto
E-13 Kinetic of Drying of Sliced Turmeric with Modified Direct Sun Drying by Employing Greenhouse Effect Authors : Hanim Z. Amanah, Silvia insan Muliawati and Sri Rahayoe E-14 Performance Analysis of Horizontal Tube Coffee Roaster Heated by Combustion of Producer Gas of Biomass Gasification Authors : Bambang Purwantana, Arjanggi Nasution and Bambang Prastowo
E-15 A Quantitative Assessment Model of Water Resource Conservation Measures Case Study At Upper Watershed of Kali Progo Authors : Chandra Setyawan, Sahid Susanto and Sukirno
![Page 15: CONTENTS...A-9 Acidified Sodium Chlorite Treatments for Improving Shelf-life of Unripe Shredded Papaya Authors : Vinod K. Jindal, Pompailin Sinrat and Nipon Chamchan](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022041516/5e2b8238c379dd1a157ab2b1/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
E-16 Kinetic of Drying of Banana Chip with Cabinet Dryer Authors : Joko Nugroho W.K., Ascaryo Dwi Anggoro and Nursigit Bintoro
E-17 The Change of Chili Quality During Storage in Plastic Cup After Hot Water Treatment in Various Temperature and Time Authors : Devi Yuni Susanti, Sri Rahayoe, Budi Rahardjo and Jesica Elviana
POSTER SESSION P-1 Making Blondo Flour as Protein Source Food with Physical, Mechanical and Chemical Treatments on Virgin Coconut Oil (Vco) Processing Waste Authors : Anak Agung Istri Sri Wiadnyani, and I Wayan Rai Widarta P-2 Development of a Colorimetric Taste Sensor Based on Dye-Bead Conjugated Array and Imaging System for White Wines Authors : Soo Chung, Soo Hyun Park, Tu San Park, Seongmin Park, Daesik Son and Seong In Cho
P-3 Rotating Force of Vanes on Irrigation Water-Scooped Wheel Authors : Mohammad Agita Tjandra and Qaddara Fahada
![Page 16: CONTENTS...A-9 Acidified Sodium Chlorite Treatments for Improving Shelf-life of Unripe Shredded Papaya Authors : Vinod K. Jindal, Pompailin Sinrat and Nipon Chamchan](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022041516/5e2b8238c379dd1a157ab2b1/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
The International Symposium on Agricultural and Biosystem Engineering (ISABE) 2013
A17 - 1
The Development of Technology Bundle in Packaging of Export Quality of
Mangosteens' Transportation
Ni Luh Yulianti and Gede Arda
Jurusan Teknik Pertanian Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian Universitas Udayana
Email : [email protected]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to formulate the packaging technology which able to reduce
the damage on mangosteens fruit after transportation. This study was conducted using the
factorial experiment dsign, the Randomized Complete Block (RCB) designs, in which the first
factor was packaging capacity (K), the second factor was fruits arrangement pattern (P), and the
third one was the packaging types (T). The first factor was designed by implementing two level
of capacity that was 5 kg (K1) and 8 kg (K2). The second factor was designed using two kinds of
fruits arrangement pattern that was fcc (face centered cubic) with net foam (P1), neatly
separation (P2) and the third one was designed using two kinds of packaging types that was
RSC corrugated board (T1) and fullflap corrugated board (T2). Each treatments were replicated
twice. The quality parameters which were measured were physical damage, weight loss
percentage, and respiration rate. The results showed that 5 kilograms of mangosteen which was
package using fcc fruits arrangement pattern and fullflap type (K1P1T1) was the most effective
way to reduce physical damage and weight loss of mangosteen during transportation process.
Keywords: mangosteen, packaging, physical damage, transportation
Introduction
Government’s policy to increase the competitive ability of horticultural commodities in
international market had encouraged the horticultural farmers and stakeholders to enhance their
products quality and increase its price. Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L ) was one of
horticultural commodity having high price and it is very potential to be developed as a exported
commodity. Among region in Indonesia, Bali was one of province which produce mangosteen
with good quality. According to production data 2011 based on province (BPS, 2011), suggest
that among 33 provinces in Indonesia, Bali is on 7 position with 39.511 tons of production.
However, its high number of production has not accompanied by high number of export volume
yet. This was showed on indonesis’s mangosteen export value on 2011 in which, out of all
mangosteen export, only 10.71% of indonesia mangosteen production which could penetrate
exported market with volume of 12.600 tons including Bali (BPS,2011). Refusal on mangsoteen
coming from indonesia in marketing countries are caused by the fruit’s condition which was
asserted as improper quality by consumers, for examples, its undergoing physical damage
ranging from hardening, memar, or damage on its shells to damage on its crown causing
incomplete condition. As a consequence, the product could only sale on local market with low
price which led to profit loss to local producers.
The damage which mostly occurred were physical damages caused by transportation
process. The study suggested that 30-35% of damage on food (fresh) product were caused by
![Page 17: CONTENTS...A-9 Acidified Sodium Chlorite Treatments for Improving Shelf-life of Unripe Shredded Papaya Authors : Vinod K. Jindal, Pompailin Sinrat and Nipon Chamchan](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022041516/5e2b8238c379dd1a157ab2b1/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
The International Symposium on Agricultural and Biosystem Engineering (ISABE) 2013
A17 - 2
transportation process especially land transportation and the 10% were caused by long term
storage Hetzroni et. al. 2000 ; Arazuri et al, 2007; Tim Penulis PS, 2003). The good
transportation packaging was demanding accordance of packaging kinds and packaged
commodity’s characteristics. The kinds of packaging which was usually used for transporting
mangosteen fruits was plastic container of 8-10 kg in capacity. Based on information collected
from farmers and mangosteen exporters, physical damage that was frequently occurred causing
by using this kind of packaging as high as 20-30% (Yulianti et al., 2009). In addition, proper
packaging was the packaging that could deflate the impact during transportation. A corrugated
board was a packaging material which had high damping properties at low price and accepted by
export destination countries because of its recycling ability and environmentally friendly
compared to other materials. The study suggest that application of corrugated board able to
reduce the damage on packaged product to 3.7% (Yulianti, 2007). Thompson et al., (2006) said
that pear that was packaged using corrugated board and transported as far as 4.500 km
experienced low degree of damage compared to other kinds of material. Lewis et al., (2007)
reported that apple packaged using corrugated board underwent bruise area smaller than other
kinds of packaging material at various level of drop. Therefore, it is important to conduct a study
to formulate the technological bundle of packaging that has an ability to reduce the level of
damage of mangosteen during transportation process considering the capacity of packaging,
fruits arrangement of mangosteen inside the packaging and types of packaging that is applied.
Materials And Methods
Materials and instruments
The materials that were used in this study were mangosteen with index of maturity 2, first
class of quality which had 6.0 cm – 6.5 cm in diameter, corrugated board and net foam. The
instrument test were digital balance ((Kris Chef Model Ek9250, China), glass jar, gas analyzer
TA. XTplus, England).
(a) (b)
Picture 1. The types of packaging (a) fullflap type (b) RSC type
![Page 18: CONTENTS...A-9 Acidified Sodium Chlorite Treatments for Improving Shelf-life of Unripe Shredded Papaya Authors : Vinod K. Jindal, Pompailin Sinrat and Nipon Chamchan](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022041516/5e2b8238c379dd1a157ab2b1/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
The International Symposium on Agricultural and Biosystem Engineering (ISABE) 2013
A17 - 3
Methods
This study was conducted using the factorial experiment dsign, the Randomized
Complete Block (RCB) designs, in which the first factor was packaging capacity (K), the second
factor was fruits arrangement pattern (P), and the third one was the packaging types (T). The first
factor was designed by implementing two level of capacity that was 5 kg (K1) and 8 kg (K2).
The second factor was designed using two kinds of fruits arrangement pattern that was fcc (face
centered cubic) with net foam (P1), neatly separation (P2) and the third one was designed using
two kinds of packaging types that was RSC corrugated board (T1) and fullflap corrugated board
(T2). Each treatments were replicated twice. Data was analyzed with Analysis of Variance
(ANOVA), and if there was any influence of treatment on observed parameters then further
analysis would be conducted by Duncan Test (Steel and Torrie, 1993).
Observed Parameters
The observed parameters that were measured after transportation process were percentage
of fruits that underwent sinking on its shell, weight loss, and CO2 production rate during storage.
All parameters except physical damage were measured and observed every day until fruits were
asserted as not acceptable to consume.
Results And Discussion
Physical Damage
Physical condition of mangosteen after transportation is one of important factors that is
considered by consumers when they consume the fruit. Defect damage on fruit when it is being
consumed is the cause of refusal of mangosteen in export destination countries. The study found
that physical damage on fruit were sunk shell and crown damage. The sunk shell was indicated
by some are of shell was pressed by other fruit’s shell result in a concave shape. This was one of
the physical damage caused by transportation. The percentage of sunk shell was obtain by
counting the ration between the sum of sunk shell and total sum of observed shell’s surface.
According to counting results it was found that the lowest percentage, that was 0.35%, was
occurred on K1P1T1 treatment; that is mangosteen that were packaged at 5 kg of capacity with fcc
pattern in fullplap type of packaging. In contrast, the highest percentage of sunk shell was shown
by K2P2T2; mangosteen that were packaged at 8 kg of capacity with separation in fullplap type of
packaging, that is 2.58%. however, if the treatment K2P2T2 was compared to control
(mangosteen that were packed with plastic container of 8 kg in capacity, based on what farmers
or exporter usually use), percentage of sunk shell on control significantly higher than other
treatments, that is 4.73% (Table 1). As a consequence of high percentage of sunk shell is it will
generally influences percentage of physical damage.
![Page 19: CONTENTS...A-9 Acidified Sodium Chlorite Treatments for Improving Shelf-life of Unripe Shredded Papaya Authors : Vinod K. Jindal, Pompailin Sinrat and Nipon Chamchan](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022041516/5e2b8238c379dd1a157ab2b1/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
The International Symposium on Agricultural and Biosystem Engineering (ISABE) 2013
A17 - 4
Tabel 1. Mean of percentage of sunk shell after transportation
Treatment Sunk shell (%)
control 4.73
capacity 8 kg,separation, fullflap (K2P2T2) 2.58
capacity 8 kg, fcc, fullflap (K2P1T2) 1.35
capacity 8 kg, fcc, rsc (K2P1T1) 0.98
capacity 5 kg, sekat, fullflap (K1P2T2) 0.87
capacity 8 kg, sekat, rsc (K2P2T1) 0.68
capacity 5 kg, fcc, rsc (K1P1T1) 0.38
capacity 5 kg, separation, rsc (K1P2T1) 0.38
capacity 5 kg, fcc, fullflap (K1P1T2) 0.35
Percentage of physical damage was counted by calculate the ration between sum of
damage fruit in a pack and total sum of all fruit packed in that pack. A sample was asserted as
damage fruit if it was observed one of this kinds of damage: sunk shell, detach any part of its
crown, broken stalk and crack on the shell (Picture 1). The study results showed that the lowest
physical damage, that is 2.5%, was found on K1P1T2 treatment that is mangosteen that was
packed 5 kg in capacity with fcc pattern in the fullplap type pack. The highest percentage of
damage was showed by control of 10.93%. The low percentage on K1P1T2 indicated smaller
number of fruit lesser force that work on fruits. In addition, the utility of net foam on fruit that
were arranged with fcc pattern was able to protect fruits’ shell from friction and impact which
occurred during transportation. Arrangement of fruits with fcc pattern give fruits more
advantages because this pattern increase the density of fruit in a pack, therefore arrangement is
more compact and void left inside the pack which allow fruit experience friction become smaller.
Application fcc pattern to arrange the fruits in a corrugated board result in 34% higher than
randomized arrangement (Yulianti, 2007). Maximum percentage of density of fruit that are
arrenged with randomized arrangement is 50% (Peleg, 1985).
Gambar 2. Physical damage (a) detached crown; (b) sunk shell
Weight loss
Economically, weight loss of agricultural commodity result in loss in profit especially for
the commodities that are sold based on its weight such as mangosteen. Weight loss indicates the
level of damage that occurred after transportation. Based on ANOVA to each treatment’s data
were found that interaction among treatments (capacity, arrangement and packaging type)
significantly influenced the weight loss during storage. The lowest percentage of weight loss was
found on treatment K1P1T2 that is 0.183%, in contrast, the highest percentage of weight loss was
found on treatment K2P2T1 that is 0.259% (Table 2).
![Page 20: CONTENTS...A-9 Acidified Sodium Chlorite Treatments for Improving Shelf-life of Unripe Shredded Papaya Authors : Vinod K. Jindal, Pompailin Sinrat and Nipon Chamchan](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022041516/5e2b8238c379dd1a157ab2b1/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
The International Symposium on Agricultural and Biosystem Engineering (ISABE) 2013
A17 - 5
The low percentage of weight loss on treatment K1P1T2 was the consequence of low level
of damage. In contrast, high percentage of weight loss was the consequence of high level of
damage occurred on K2P2T1. Possibly, the low percentage of weight loss on treatment K1P1T2 are
caused by force that was exist in fruits arrangement was low and was dispersed evenly. The
advantages of using fcc pattern are fruits are arranged more tidy, the fruits number per pack is
the same, and the number of fruits per pack can be determined in advance (Sutrisno, 2008 dan
Yulianti, 2007). Moreover, packing the fruit in lower or equal to 5 kg in capacity will reduce
fruit load and damage during transportation. (Osman, 2006 ).
The utility of fullplap type packaging is one of the supporting factors that give the good
advantage because this type have an ability to support the product against the load that exist
when the pack are stacked.
Tabel 2. Mean of percentage of weight loss
Treatment Weight loss mean (%) Notation*
capacity 8 kg, separation, rsc (K2P2T1) 0.259 a
capacity 5 kg, sekat, fullflap (K1P2T2) 0.250 a
capacity 8 kg, fcc, fullflap (K2P1T2) 0.248 a
capacity 8 kg, fcc, rsc (K2P1T1)
0.242 a
capacity 5 kg, separation, rsc (K1P2T1) 0.238 a
capacity 8 kg, separation, fullflap (K2P2T2) 0.231 a
capacity 5 kg, fcc, rsc (K1P1T1)
0.223 a
capacity 5 kg, fcc, fullflap (K1P1T2) 0.183 b
*number followed by same letter in the same collumn are not significantly different at DMRT
5%.
The percentages of weight change during observation are depicted on Picture 3. The
graph shows that percentage of weight loss increase day by day. The graph points out that
control shows the highest percentage of weight loss among others. This phenomena has proved
the employing plastic container 8 kg in capacity as mangosteen packaging is not sufficient to
decrease the weight loss during transportation. The 8 kg plastic container is container that is
generally used by mangosteen farmers or exporter to transport their product. The high percentage
of weight loss on control are caused by higher level of mechanical damage occurs on
mangosteen packed using this kind of packaging. The higher level of mechanical damage
experienced by mangosteen come from container properties itself which are not able to redeem
the impact during transportation. The low damping properties of plastic container bring on
mechanical damage such as wound or scratch on mangosteen’s shell dan it will influence the
weight loss during transportation. Water loss from product potentially occur through open part of
fresh product’s surface tissues that are influenced by internal factor such as wound on product’s
surface. (Utama, 2002).
![Page 21: CONTENTS...A-9 Acidified Sodium Chlorite Treatments for Improving Shelf-life of Unripe Shredded Papaya Authors : Vinod K. Jindal, Pompailin Sinrat and Nipon Chamchan](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022041516/5e2b8238c379dd1a157ab2b1/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
The International Symposium on Agricultural and Biosystem Engineering (ISABE) 2013
A17 - 6
Picture 3. Percentage of weight loss
Respiration Rate
Respiration rate is a good indicator to know shelf life of fruits after fruit are harvested.
High respiration usually indicate short shelf life (Pantastico, 1997). According to ANOVA it was
found that interaction between capacity and arrangement pattern significantly influenced the
production rate of CO2. In addtion, K1P1 (5 kg in capacity, fcc) showed the lowest production
rate of CO2 that is 52.594 ml/kg.hr, and it also significantly different compared to other
treatments.
Another phenomena illustrated that interaction between capacity and packaging types
showed significant influence to production rate of CO2 during storage. Advanced analysis (table
3) showed that the lowest production rate of CO2 was indicated by K1T2(5 kg in capacity,
fullplap) and the highest one was showed by K2t1 (8 kg in capacity, rsc). In conclusion,
employment of fullplap corrugated board with 5 kg in capacity had an ability to reduce the
production rate of CO2 of packed mangosteen.
The low production rate of CO2 on K1T2 indicated that level of damage occurred was
low as well. In one hand, application lower load on fullplap type packaging through lower
capacity result in maximum protection to mangosteen against friction, impact, and pressure/load.
On the other hand high production rate of CO2 on K2T1 (8 kg in capacity, rsc) indicated the high
level of damage on mangosteen. High level of damage lead to respiration process as an influence
of ethylen gas production (Pantastico, 1997).
0.00
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.50
0.60
0.70
0.80
0.90
6 12 18 24 36 48 60 84 108 132 156 180
awe
igh
t lo
ss (
%)
Time (hour)
(K1P1T1)
(K2P2T2)
(K2P1T1)
(K1P2T1)
(K1P2T2)
(K2P2T1)
(K2P1T2)
(K1P1T2)
KONTROL 1
![Page 22: CONTENTS...A-9 Acidified Sodium Chlorite Treatments for Improving Shelf-life of Unripe Shredded Papaya Authors : Vinod K. Jindal, Pompailin Sinrat and Nipon Chamchan](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022041516/5e2b8238c379dd1a157ab2b1/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
The International Symposium on Agricultural and Biosystem Engineering (ISABE) 2013
A17 - 7
Tabel 3. Mean of percentage of production rate of CO2 on interaction between capacity
and types of packaging
Treatment Rate (ml/kg.hr) Notati
on*
capacity 8 kg, rsc (K2T1) 78.264 a
capacity 8 kg, fullflap (K2T2) 75.832 a
capacity 5 kg, rsc (K1T1) 75.104 a
capacity 5 kg, fullflap (K1T2) 52.594 b
*number followed by same letter in the same collumn are not significantly different at
DMRT 5%.
Conclusion
Application fullplap type corrugated board of 5 kg in capacity with face centered cubic
pattern is able to significantly reduce physical damage and weight loss during transportation
process of mangosteen.
References
1. Arazuri,S. Jare´n, J.I. Arana, J.J. Pe´rez de Ciriza. (2007). Influence of mechanical harvest
on the physical properties of processing tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). Journal of
Food Engineering 80 (2007) 190–198
2. Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) provinsi Bali. (2012). Data Produksi Buah Manggis Menurut
Provinsi
3. Darmawati,E. Yulianti, N.L. (2009). Packaging Design of The Mangosteen for Local
Transportation. International Agricultural Engineering Conference. Roler of agricultural
engineering in adved of changing gobal landscape. Bangkok (Thailand) 7–10 December
Proceedings seminar ISBN 978-974-8257-70-9
4. Hetzroni A. Bechar A. Antler,A. (2000). Analysis Of Mechanical Injuries Caused To Apples
Along The Fruit Handling Process. Institute of Agricultural Engineering, ARO, The Volcani
Center, Israel.Paper Number 011099
5. Lewis, R. Yoxall, L.A. Canty, E. Reina Romo. (2007). Development of engineering design
tools to help reduce apple bruising. Journal of Food Engineering 83 (2007) 356–365.2007
6. Osman, B.M. Milan A.R. (2006). Mangosteen Garcinia mangostana L. monograph book
7. Pantastico, ER. B. (1997). Fisiologi Pascapanen, Penanganan dan Pemanfaatan Buah-
Buahan dan Sayuran Tropika dan Sub Tropika. Gajah Mada University Press, Yogyakarta
8. Peleg, K. (1985). Produce Handling Packaging and Distribution. Avi Publishing Company,
Inc.Westport, Connecticut.
9. Steel R.G.D. dan J.H. Torrie. (1993). Prinsip dan Prosedur Statistik Suatu Pendekatan
Biometric. penerjemah Bambang Sumantri. PT. Gramedia Pustaka Utama. Jakarta
10. Sutrisno. Darmawati,E. (2011). Rancangan Kemasan Berbahan Karton Gelombang untuk
Individual Buah Manggis (Garcinia Mangostana L.). Prosiding Seminar Nasional Perteta,
Jember, 21-22 Juli 2011
![Page 23: CONTENTS...A-9 Acidified Sodium Chlorite Treatments for Improving Shelf-life of Unripe Shredded Papaya Authors : Vinod K. Jindal, Pompailin Sinrat and Nipon Chamchan](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022041516/5e2b8238c379dd1a157ab2b1/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
The International Symposium on Agricultural and Biosystem Engineering (ISABE) 2013
A17 - 8
11. Thompson,J.F. Slaughter,D.C. Arpaia,M.L. (2008). Suspended Tray Package For Protecting
Soft Fruit From Mechanical Damage. Arpaia Applied Engineering in Agriculture Vol.
24(1): 71‐75 _ 2008 American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers ISSN 0883-
8542
12. Tim Penulis PS. (2003). Peluang Usaha dan Pembudidayaan Jeruk Siam. Penebar Swadaya.
Jakarta.
13. Utama, I Made. (2002). Hortikultura Teknologi Pascapanen. Pusat Pengkajian buah-buahan
tropika Universitas Udayana. Bali
14. Yulianti, N.L. Sutrisno. Darmawati E. (2009). Improvement Of The Technology Packaging
For The Mangosteen Transportation. International Symposium AESA. Proceedings
ISBN9789748257709978-602-95924-0-5
15. Yulianti,N.L. (2007). Kemasan Untuk Transportasi Buah Manggis. Jurnal AGRITEK Edisis
Hari Lingkungan Hidup Sedunia, Juni 2007.Terakreditasi No. 026/DIKTI/K EP/2005. Vol.
16, No 06 ISSN 0852.5426