Content Table - Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana. It is surrounded by Sahebganj & Pakur...

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Content Table

1. Introduction Page 03 to 63

a. General Information of District

b. District Profile

c. Demography

d. Biomass and Livestock

e. Agro-Ecology, Climate, Hydrology and Topography

i. Slope

ii. Geomorphology

iii. Landmark of fluvial origin and water availability

f. Soil

I. Soil Texture

g. Soil Erosion and Runoff Status

h. District Irrigation Plan

2. Land use Page 64 to 78

a. Concept of Land use

b. Land use classification

c. Build-up Land

d. Build-up Land (Urban)

e. Build-up Land (Rural)

f. Agricultural Land

g. Cropland

h. Forest

i. Wasteland

j. Barren/Rocky/Stone west

k. Water bodies

l. Rural economy substance agriculture and cash crop

3. District Water Profile Page 79 to 90

a. Area Wise, Crop Wise Irrigation Status

b. Production and Productivity of Major Crops

c. Irrigation Based Classification

4. Water Availability Page 91 to 100

a. Status of Water Availability

b. Status of Ground Water Availability

c. Status of Command Area

d. Scope of rain water storage and use

e. Existing Type of Irrigation

5. Water Requirement / Demand 01 to 109

a. Domestic Water Demand

b. Crop Water Demand

c. Livestock Water Demand

d. Industrial Water Demand

e. Water Demand for Power Generation

f. Total Water Demand

g. Water Budget

6. Strategic Action Plan for Irrigation in district Page 110 to 119

a. Going on Projects

b. Plan Proposed For

3

INTRODUCTION

9

Improvement in water management and distribution system for water bodies to take

advantage of available source, which is not utilised to its fullest capacity (deriving benefits from low

hanging fruits).At least 10% of the command area to under micro/precision irrigation.

Diversion of water from source of different location where it is in plenty specially nearby

water scarce areas, lift irrigation from water bodies/rivers at lower elevation to supplement

requirements beyond IWMP and MGNREGS irrespective of irrigation and command areas

programmes.

Creation and rejuvenation of traditional water storage systems like Jal Mandir

(Gujarat);Khatri, Kuhl (H.P.);Zabo (Nagaland);Eri, Ooranis (T.N.);Dongs (Assam);Katas, Bandhas

(Odisha and M.P.)and Granty water tanks in hilly areas etc. at feasible locations.

1. PMKSY (Watershed) by Dept. of Land Resources, MoRD Water harvesting structures such

as check dams, nala bund, farm pond, tanks etc.

Capacity building, Entry Point Activities, Ridge Area Treatment, Drainage Line Treatment, Soil

and Moisture Conservation, Nursery raising, Afforestation, Horticulture, Pasture development,

Livelihood activities for the asset-less persons enhancing production system & promoting micro

enterprises for small and marginal farmers etc.

Effective rainfall management like field bunding, contour bunding/trenching, staggered

trenching, land levelling, mulching etc..

2. PMKSY_ (Per drop more crop) by Dept. of Agriculture & Cooperation, MOA Programme

management, prepatarion of State/District Irrigation Plan, approval of annual action plan,

Monitoring etc.

Promoting efficient water conveyance and precision water application devices like drips,

sprinklers, pivots, rain-guns in the farm (Jal Sinchan)

Topping up of input cost particularly under civil construction beyond permissible limit (40%),

under MGNREGS for activities like lining inlet, outlet, silt traps distribution system etc.

Construction of micro irrigation structures to supplement source creation activities including

tube wells and dug wells (in areas where ground water is available and not under semi critical /critical

/over exploited category of development) which are not supported under PMKSY (watershed) and

MGNREGS.

Secondary storage structures at tail end of canal system to store water when available in

abundance (rainy season) or from perennial sources like streams for use during dry periods through

effective on-farm water management

Water lifting devices like diesel/ electric/ solar pumpsets including water carriage pipes.

Extension activities for promotion of scientific moisture conservation and agronomic measures

including cropping alignment to maximize use of available water including rainfall and minimize

irrigation requirement (Jal Sanrakshan)

Capacity building, training for encouraging potential use water source through technological,

agronomic and management practices including community irrigation.

Awareness campaign on water saving technologies, practices, programmes etc.organisation of

workshops, conferences, publication of booklets, pamphlets, success stories, documentary,

advertisements etc.

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Improved/innovative distribution system like pipe and box outlet system with controlled outlet

and other activities of enhancing water use efficiency.

GENERAL INFORMATION OF DISTRICT – GODDA DISTRICT

The Godda district is situated in the North East of Jharkhand State. Godda is 350 Kms away from

Ranchi. It is surrounded by Sahebganj & Pakur district in the East, Bhagalpur district of Bihar State in

North & West and Dumka district in the South. It is situated between 240.47' to 250.23' Northern Latitude

and between 870.08' to 870.48' Eastern Longitude. The nearest rail connectivity is Hansdiha(Dumka) is 30

Km away from district. There is proposed to link the district N.D. by rail connectivity.

Godda district came into existence on 25th May 1983, after being carved out from the district of

Santhal Pergana. Since 1855, Godda has been a sub-division of Santhal Pargana.

Historically no systematic document about the district seems to be available. Still a number of

stone weapons and tools such as axes, hammers, arrow-leads or agricultural implements found in the

Santhal Pargana, obviously confirmed the fact that like other parts of the world this region too had

experienced the living of stone age and certainly would have been the inhabitants of this region during

early Vedic age .

Detailed account of this region until the time of Hiuen Tsiang - a Chinese pilgrim, who visited

Champa about 645 A.D ,is not available. During that time the area of Santhal Pargana was under the Pal

rule who was the great patron of Buddhism . At the time of Turko-Afgan rule when Shershah Suri and his

heirs were the administrators , this area was of strategic significance in course of getting possession over

Bengal . Later on under Muslim rule this area was received as Jagir by Governor Raja Mansingh from

Mugal emperor Akbar.

By 1717 the Santhal tribe which inhabited in Santhal Pargana gradually became victim of

Britishers policy of exploitation and they being united rebelled against the Britishers in 1855 which was

termed as '' Hul '' . This rebellion was so terrific and troublesome for the Britishers that they were

compelled to accord Santhal Pargana the status of district separating it from Bhagalpur and Birbhum to

protect culture, tradition socio- economic structure of aboriginals and primitive tribes.

DISTRICT PROFILE

Geographical

11

The geographical area of the district is 2110.40 Sq. Km, of which cultivable land is 131140 Hect

and the area covered with forest is 37172.92 Hect.

The climate of the district is of diverse nature. Average rainfall of this district is 1094.9 mm. In

summer, the average maximum temperature is 41⁰ C and average minimum is 28⁰ C and in winter, the

average maximum temperature is 28⁰ and average minimum is 13⁰ C respectively.

CLIMATE

The climate of the district is of tropical region with hot dry summer, a good rainy season and cool

winter. Maximum temperature is as high as 44.2100 and the lowest is 5.800 c. Thunder storms

accompanied with sever squalls occur in pre monsoon months. Dust storms also occur occasionally in

April & May. Morning fog also occur in the winter months. The average rainfall of the district is 1094.7mm.

Population And Literates Block wise

INFORMATION ON LAND USE PATTERN IN THE GODDA DISTRICT.

Rural/

Urban Persons Males Females Others Persons Males Females Others Persons Males Females Others

1 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

1 Meharma Rural 146240 76591 69645 4 28056 14327 13728 1 67836 42223 25613 0

2 THAKURGANGTI Rural 99508 51806 47700 2 18470 9442 9028 0 46577 29129 17448 0

3 BOARIJOR Rural 138221 70052 68166 3 24401 12249 12152 0 53112 33966 19146 0

4 Mahagama Rural 185833 96314 89517 2 36943 18851 18092 0 82522 52002 30519 1

5 Pathargama Rural 115644 59955 55689 0 19987 10271 9716 0 59958 37791 22167 0

6 Basantrai Rural 93325 48460 44864 1 18848 9664 9184 0 41462 26211 15250 1

7 GODDA Rural 215260 112025 103232 3 36714 19051 17663 0 109080 68507 40572 1

8 PORAIYAHAT Rural 187523 96058 91463 2 30912 15835 15077 0 90207 57085 33120 2

9 Sunderpahari Rural 65444 33186 32258 0 11238 5729 5509 0 24267 15304 8963 0

District Total Rural 1246998 644447 602534 17 225569 115419 110149 1 575021 362218 212798 5

10 MAHAGMA(CT) Urban 10962 5765 5197 0 1828 959 869 0 7362 4215 3147 0

11 Nagar Panchayat Urban 48469 25737 22732 0 6580 3450 3130 0 35817 20141 15676 0

12 SARAUNI(CT) Urban 4953 2537 2415 1 830 417 413 0 2812 1727 1084 1

District Total Urban 64384 34039 30344 1 9238 4826 4412 0 45991 26083 19907 1

District Total Total 1311382 678486 632878 18 234807 120245 114561 1 621012 388301 232705 6

LiteratesSl.

No.

Population 0-6 PopulationName of the Charge

S.N.

Pasture

Barren & uncultivable land

(waste land) Fores Reserved Open

1 Godda 352.72 1281 6605.69

2 Pathargama/

Basantrai

- 217.65 3066.06

12

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

Open

Pasture

Waste Land

INFORMATION ON AGRO-PROCESSING FACILITIES AVAILABLE IN AND OUTSIDE THE DISTRICT BUT SERVING THE NEED OF THE DISTRICT.

3 Meharma 305.2 82.14 1686.54

4 Mahagama - 147.19 2172.55

5 Thakurganti 134.6 307.11 867.66

6 Bowarijore 8321.88 36.48 7328.03

7 Sunderpahari 13859.14 420.36 5155.61

8 Poriyahat 764.49 19.09 7404.34

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Sl.

No

Name of

the block

Location

of the

processing

unit

Name

Commodities

processed

Type of

processing

Capacity

Installed In use

Seed 96

1 Godda

KVK,

Godda

Processing

Unit Paddy & Wheat

Grading And

Packing 4Q./Hours

96

Hours

Chakeshori,

Godda

Milk

Chilling

Plant.

Milk Storage Non

Functional Un used

2 Poriyahat

Salaya

Village

Bulk Milk

Cooler Milk Storage 1000 Lts. 800 Lts.

Nirjhar

Ashram

Poriyahat

Milk

Chilling

Plant.

Milk Storage Non

Functional Un used

3

Saraya hat (

Dumka

District )

Infront of

sarayahat

Block office

Seed

Village

Chilra

Paddy &

Wheat

Grading And

Packing 4Q./Hours

96

Hours

Source- Agriculture Department.

Rivers and Ravines

Sunder, Kajhia, Harna, Tribeni, Doi, Geruwa, Kauwa, Gumani are the main rivers.

None of the rivers are perennial, Almost all the rivers dry up by the end of rainy season, they appears merely beds of sand with little or no water but generally they hold sufficient water below.

The whole district is having a mixed type of topography where the hills & hillocks are scattered through out the area. Almost all the nine blocks of the district are having both hilly & plain tracks. Most of the parts of the Boarijore & Sunderpahari blocks are covered with Rajmahal hills.

Administrative Unit

The district consists of 9 Community Development Blocks & 9 Revenue Circles namely Godda, Pathergama, Mahagama, Meharma, Thakurgangti, Boarijore, Sunderpahari, Poraiyahat& Basantrai. The total no. of Police Station and out posts are 15 in numbers.

Tourism

(i)Yogini Shakti Peeth :- Situated near Lakhanpahari village at the distance of 2 Kms from Pathergama, has got religions diminance. According to the old story, legend lord Shiva, carrying the charred body of Sati , started Tandava Nirtya and wherever the part of the limb of Sati fell temple of Shakti

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came up in due course. In the process the thigh of Sati Uma is to have fallen here. Symbolic stone impression is being worshipped with great devotion. Tuesday and Saturday are considered the auspicious day when thousands of devotees come from far off. The shrine has an aura of divine sublimity which tends to give peace of mind and repose faith in the devotees.

(ii) Basantrai:- This place is at the distance of 12 Kms from the headquarter of Pathargama Block which was inhabited by Raja Basantrai . There existed a big tank in 50 acres of land . According to legend, no one has ever been able to cross the tank from one end to another whether by swimming or an elephant or in a boat. If any one ventured to do so he would find enciected his feet and dragged himself down to the watery grave. It is also believed that the tank was being invited on the occasion of marriages or any kind of social ceremonies and people asking for utensils required for the occasion could get miraculously from the water of the tank. Purpose being served these materials were bound to be returned to the tank failing which they had to face calamity or misfortune . This belief is still relied up-on and it is held sacred for Hindus and a big MELA (fair) is held on its bank for 15 days beginning from Chaita Sankranti festival i.e. 14th April.

(iii) Sundar Dam :- Sundar dam is the biggest irrigatoinal project in this district cunstructed on Sundar river near Rajabhitha village north-east of Pathargama and spread over 1470 Hect. This is a beautiful picnic spot for the tourist. The dam having 75 Ft. depth was constructed between 1970-78.

(iv) Mullers Tank :- This tank constructed by Fredrick Max Muller is situated in the district headquarter.

(V) Bari Durga Temple Mahagama :-This temple has been constructed by Raja Mole Braham in year 1575 AD. The Arahar brush is used on saptami in Durga Puja which carries a religious importance by thousand of local people.

(Vi) Gurmeshwar Temple at Poriyahat :-Shri Naryan Bhandari has established this temple in 1958 having religious emportance at shivratri.

(Vii) Ma Chihari Temple at Pattargama :-The people have great devotion to different temples of chihari.

(Viii) Biodiversity Park Sarkanda :-The Biodiversity Park, Sarkanda is an innovate park spread over 35 Acres forest land. Which includes the various attraction points as lotus pond, water ponds, walking subways. Medicinal garden, Rose Garden, Cactus house etc. It is expected to be completed by the March 2017. This is good centre for eco-tourism.

(ix) Makara Pahar in Poriyahat and Govindpur Pahar in Mahagama :-Makara Pahar in Poriyahat and Govindpur Pahar in Mahagama have eco-touristic importance as picnic spots.

(x) Other place ofimportance :-Other places of importance as Radha Raman Temple of Khariyahani Mahadevkitta temple and Barcope temple in Pathergama have also religious flavour.

(xi) Industrial Tourism :- Industrial tourism is an important activities in district as ECL Coal Mining spread over in Lalmatia and there is proposal for coal mining in Jitpur (Sunderpahari) by Ms. Adani Power Ltd.

Education

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The literacy of the district is 43.73% out of which male literacy is 58.07% and female literacy

is 27.96%. Various schemes related with education & literacy are being implemented in the district with full

vigor & strength. The Programmes like Total Literacy Mission, Sarva Siksha Abhiyan, Mid Day Meal

scheme, Child Labor Schools and Stipends under welfare programmes are being implemented in the

district

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Natural Resources

1. Land Revenue :- The district is having sufficient fertile cultivable land. Out of 2110.40 Sq Km. 131140 Hect is cultivable land. The total forest cover is 37172.92 Hect.

2. Water Resources :- The Godda district depends heavily on Mansoon for carrying the agricultural operation. There is no perennial river in the district. There are some small river & Pahari nalas where water is available only for few months during the rainy season. The irrigation facility is also very limited/ less developed. Failure of Mansoon often leads to drought condition in the district.

3. Forest Resources :-The total area under forest 37172.92 Hect. Most of the forest cover is in the hilly tracks of the district. The common species found in these forests are Mango, Sagwan, Shisham, Sakhua, Yukeliptus, Jackfruit, Gambar etc. The medicinal trees likes Neem- Tulsi, Harrey, Bahera, Amla, Khair etc are also found in abundance.

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4. Mineral Resources :-The Godda district is very rich in Coal. A major ECL project of Coal mines is going on in the Boarijore, Mahagama & Sunderpahari Block. The entire coal required for NTPC Kahalgaon & Farakka is supplied through this project .

5. Human Resources :- The labour force of the district is comprised of both skilled and unskilled type. The unskilled labourers are engaged in works such as construction work, agricultural works, brick klin work etc., whereas the skilled work force is engaged in small and cottage industry like Bidi industry, Pattal plate industry, Masala, Silk wearing, mining etc. But, due to lack of professional training Institutes, the number of trained and professional work force is limited in the district.

Approximately more than 80% of the district population is engaged in agricultural work for their livelyhood. Animal husbandary is another important activity on which sizable amount of population depends. In the whole district, Dairy, Goat rearing, Piggery, Poultry, Sericulture, Pisciculture are important allied activities. The major coal mines project also consumes maximum of employment of the district. Other cottage and village industry scatter through of the district.

Agriculture & Allied activities

Agriculture is the main economic activity of the district, with the major crops being Paddy, Wheat, Maize, Gram, Green grow, Moong, Sugarcane etc. In spite of having sufficient cultivable land, the productivity is not up to the mark. The major bottleneck in the field of agricultural development is lack of inadequate irrigational facilities, small land holding,old techniques of farming and inadequate marketing facilities to the farmers.

AgricultureContingencyPlan forDistrict:Godda

Agro-Climatic/EcologicalZone

AgroEcologicalSubRegion(ICAR) EasternPlain,HotSubhumid(moist)Eco-Region(13.1)

Agro-Climatic Zone(Planning

Commission)

EasternPlateauAndHillsRegion(VII)

AgroClimaticZone(NARP) CentralAndNorthEasternPlateauZone(BI-4)

ListallthedistrictsfallingundertheNARP Zone*

(*>50%areafallinginthezone)

Bokaro,Chatra,Deogarh,Dhanbagh,Giridh,Godda,Hazaribagh,Jamtara,Khunth

i

Geographiccoordinatesofdistrict

headquarters

Latitude Longitude Altitude

23.290 86.090 210

Nameandaddressoftheconcerned ZRS/ZARS/RARS/RRS/RRTTS

ZonalResearchStation(ZRS),Dumka,BirsaAgriculturalUniversity,Ranchi

MentiontheKVKlocatedinthedistrict

withaddress

KrishiVigyanKendra,NearSub-DivisionalAgriculturalOffice,Godda-Pirpaiti Road (RautaraChowk),

Distt.Godda-814133

NameandaddressofthenearestAgro met

FieldUnit(AMFU,IMD)fora

gro- advisoriesintheZone

ZRS,Dumka

22

Rainfall NormalRF(mm

) NormalRainy

days

(number)

NormalOnset

(specifyweekand month) Normal Cessation

(specifyweek and

month) SWmonsoon(June-

Sep) 1218 3rdweekofJune 3rdweekofSeptember

NEMonsoon(Oct-Dec)

144

Winter(Jan-Feb) 23 - -

Summer(Mar-May) 145 - -

Annual 1530 - -

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Under allied activities fishery and dairy are the two important sectors upon which a large section of the rural people of the district are dependent. There are large number of ponds on public and private land in which fishing activity is carried on, but due to lack of renovation work in these ponds, marketing & training of modern technique in fishery development, this sector is lagging far behind.

In dairy farming, all the nine blocks of the district have a sizable amount of milk animal population. But due to lack of superior variety of milk animals and absence of chilling plants, this sector has not achieved its potential.

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Location of Jharkhand inIndia

26

Location of Godda In Jharkhand

District Map : GODDA

27

Godda district falls under Santhal Pargana Division and has one Sub-Division Godda and Nine blocks -

Sl.No. Name of Block

1 Boarijore

2 Godda

3 Mahagama

4 Meharama

5 Pathargama

6 Poraiyahat

7 Sunderpahari

8 Thakurgangti

9 Basantrai

It has one single town and 2311 villages falling under 201 Panchayats . Out of the 2311 villages 1622 are chiragi and682 be- chiragi. The municipal area also covers up 7 chiragi revenue villages besides the urban area . The administrative headquarters of the District is Godda. Total of 1206 revenue villages are Pradhani villages

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Health Service

Health infrastructure is inadequate in this district. There is only one main Hospital i.e. Sadar Hospital, Godda. There are three Referral Hospitals in the district. 7 primary health centres and 260 health sub centres in addition to 9 Additional Primary health centres in this district. Many of the health sub-centers are not having their own buildings. Most of the Additional Primary Health Centers of the district are also not having sufficient Number of Rooms in their existing buildings. The essential medical apparatus such as Xray machines, ECG, EEG and other pathological facilities are also required in many of these hospitals & health centers. The entire district is affected with Malaria and Kalajar. Various health campaigns are in operation in the district such as Pulse Polio Programme, District Blindness control, National Tuberculosis Control Scheme etc.

Public Health Facilities

Health Facilities Number Beds

Sadar Hospital 01 200

Homeo-Unani-Ayurvedic -- --

Joint Sadar Hospital 01 --

Referal Hospital 03 96

Primary Health Center 07 36

Addition Primary Health Centre 09 30

Health Sub-centre 203 --

Ayurvadic Dispensary 03 --

Unani Dispensary 01 --

Physical features

32

Spread over an area of 2110 sq. Kms and having the height of 100 .414 metre.from sea level, Godda district is situated between 240.47' to 250.23' Northern Latitude and between 870.08' to 870.48' Eastern Longitude in the map of India. Its eastern part from north to south is covered with forest whose area is 239.34 sq. Kms .and is a hilly track. Its western side is plain . The district is bounded by the district of Sahebganj in the north , Dumka district in the south , Pakur district in the east and Banka and Bhagalpur districts of Bihar state in the west .

Out of the nine Prakhands of the district Boarijore and Sunderpahari fall under Damin Area, which has special status and revenue law due to different socio-economic, ethnic and cultural values. The two blocks according to 1991 census have 63.03% and 80.52% tribal population respectively on the hills and plains . Among the rest sevenblocks , Poraiyahat has also 35.79% tribal population. Thus the three blocks - Boarijore , Sunderpahari & Poraiyahat together extending from north to south in the eastern part of the district shared more than 50% ( That is 1142 sq. kms. ) of the geographical area and divide the entire district distinctly in two parts . The predominating features of the tribal region, whose major part is covered by the Rajmahal hill range is rocky, infertile and dotted with hills heavily eroded slopes and degraded forest.

The primary occupation of the aboriginal tribes are hunting , sheep - rearing, animal husbandry, gathering of forest produce and traditional agriculture. The soil is of a very poor quality and is not well suited for cultivation except that of north - west part of the district owing to undulating topography. The tribals inhabiting this region following their traditional way of living, social habits and economic practices are mostly small and marginal farmers and agricultural labourers having little productive assets and mostly they have been identified as poorest of the poor. They are also exposed to exploitation of various kinds and remain no better than ewers of wood and drawers of water.

Cattle Wealth

No such accounting (census) has ever than conducted after Godda being a district. The last cattle census was done in 1981 - 82. The statistics Approx. Number in July 2016 of which as given below in obviously demonstrate that there is death of animals in the district.

Sl. No.

Kinds of animals Number

1. Cow 4,91,239

2. Buffalo 62,930

3. Sheep 23,942

4. Goat 3,55,130

5. Pig 37,875

6. Cock 6,91,000

There are 16 veterinary dispensaries in the district at Godda, Ramla, Sarauni, Chandana, Danre, Deobandha, Sunderpahari Pathergama, Mahagama, Meharma, Thakurgangati, Dighi, Boarijore, Lalmatia , besides one mobile dispensary at Godda. There are seven veterinary doctors and fifteen artificial insemination centers at Pathara , Lilatari Simramore , Basbbitha, Sripur, Boarijore, Lalmatia ,Rajabhitha , Thakurgangti , Sundarpahari , Dhamni , Chandana & Damaru.

Industry

33

Although the district has coal mines on large scale still it is one of the least industrialized districts of the state. The coal mines concentrated in Boarijore Prakhand are managed by Rajmahal Coal Project (R.C.P.) a subsidiary of ECL. There are also deposit of coal in Sunderpahari Prakhand but its operation is almost stopped after nationalization. The district can hardly attract investors from other states because of Santhal Pargana Tenancy Act which prevents transfer of land in any form and that in turn restricts bank loan. Besides there being no rail link and non-availability of uninterrupted power supply also impede the industrialization in the districts. The R.C.P too which is the only capital productive project, is not successful in intensifying the economic activities in the area. Infrastructure facilities are awfully scarce. There is slow progress in the transport sector. The nearest rail link is at the distance of 80 CMS from the district Headquarter. Institutional capital investment is also scarce. Method of providing credit by nationalized commercial banks are largely frustrating , which is uncovered by 24.16 % C.D ratio in the district Due to all these reasons only 3.36 % of population of the district is engaged in manufacturing.

SL. No. Industrial Activities Number of Units

1 2 3

1. Hume Pipe Manufacturing 02

2. Saw Mills 10

3. Flour Mills 85

4. Chorea Mills 30

5. Oil Mills 50

6. Soap Factory 02

7. Stone Crusher 20

8. Steel Almirah Manufacturing 40

9. Silk & Cotton (Thread Cutting & Weaving Centres)

Demographic Information for the GODDA District

S.No.

Name of the Block

Population

(As per 2001 census Total

% of

Literacy

Male No.

Female

No.

Workers No. Categories

No. Agri.

Non.-agri

Male Female Male Female SC ST OTH

1 Godda 178823 37.4 93243 85580 12657 2579 45237 63700 15678 25838 137307

2 Pathargama/Basantrai

167075 35.4 86517 80558 10149 2820 43451 57305 18763 19114 129198

3 Mahagama 150701 34.4 78197 72504 9925 1915 40707 57158 14503 12091 124127

4 Meharma 115855 35.4 61387 54468 8836 1909 31210 39927 17127 11432 87296

5 Thakurgagti 77505 34.0 40271 37234 4586 990 1955 25456 6123 10872 60510

6 Bowarijor 113225 26.9 58073 55152 6143 2166 26015 34882 3672 67590 41963

7 Sundarpahar 53327 22.1 27255 26072 2482 1092 11990 13374 1045 42054 10228

8 Poriyahat 154420 32.5 79123 75288 3378 3196 35459 50887 10651 56908 86861

9 Basantrai

DEMOGRAPHIC PATTERN

Small villages are scattered all around the district. Average population of the selected villages is 2176 The

male and female population varies at 50 percent and 48 percent respectively of the total population.

Agriculture is the main occupation of the villagers either their is own field or as labour in others fields only

10 percent people are engaged in Non Agricultural jobs. Caste distribution is also very peculiar and all

three representative villages are dominated by ST & BC category.

34

DEMOGRAPHIC PATTERN OF REPRESENTATIVE VILLAGES UNDER THREE AES.

Sl. No.

Indicator Number in different AES

1

A. Population AES I AES II AES III

Male 218 1266 1981

Female 235 1162 1668

Total 453 2428 3649

2

B. No of workers.

Agriculture 300 1500 2500

Non Agriculture - 100 500

3

C. Caste distribution

SC 249 638

ST 277 613 462

OBC 176 1200 2250

General 356 299

4 D. Literacy (%) 20% 65% 70%

INFORMATION ON OPERATIONAL LAND HOLDINGS

Sl. No.

Name of the Village

Operational holding (number and area)

Large* Medium* Small* Marginal* Landless

No. of holdings

Area No. of holdings



Area Number only

1 Tesubathan 2 10 5 15 38 61 42 20 4

2 Bisaha 5 27 23 41 137 205.4

16.8 64 18

3 Surni 12 70 52 105.16

48 72 67 3.5 22

DEMOGRAPHIC INFORMATION OF THE VILLAGE

Sl. No.

Name of the village

Population (2001)

Male

Female Children % of Literacy

Workers No. Categories No.

Agri. Non.-agri

SC ST OBC

1

Tesobathan 453 218 235 79 26.26 158 107 0 277 176

2 Bisaha 2428 1266 1162 413 3146 563 563 249 613 1566

3 Surni 3649 1981 1668 718 35.2 988 279 638 462 2549

35

DEP

AR

TM

ENT NAME OF THE

SCHEME ACTIVITIES UNDER THE SCHEME

PHYSICAL STATUS FINANCIAL STATUS

TARGET ACHIVEMENT TARGET ACHIVEMENT

AG

RIC

ULT

UR

E

Seed Exchange Progra

m Paddy and Maize Seed Distribution

P-1067. 80Q.

M-121. 00Q.

P-1067. 80Q.

M-121. 00Q.

- -

Extension Reforms

Development of SREP 1 - 2.50 1.00

Training of Farmers With in District 2 2

1.20 1.20

Organizing Demonstration 27 27 1.32 1.32

Expozer visit within District 2 1 0.30 0.19140

Mobilization of Farmers groups 4 4

0.20 0.20

A. Skill Development Seed money Revolving Fond

2

-

0.20

-

Information Dissemination to Printed leflate

3

3

0.60

0.60

Farmer Sciences Intersection 3 3 0.60 0.60

Field days and Kishan Gosti 4 4 0.60 0.60

Establishment of ATMA - 0.916 .40

A TA. D.A Hiring of Vehicles

-

0.60 -

Block Level Expenses 0.80 -

Equipments 4.00 -

Civil works 2.00 1.30

Total 15.936 7.41140

Supported State Extension programs 6.29 1.339

AG

RIC

ULT

UR

E

Mukhya Mantri Kishan Kushhali

yogana

1. District Level - 1.42

2. Cluster Level - 0.76

3.Inter Point Activity 1.00

4. Renovation of Irrigation Stature. 22.00

5. Contrition of Basic Infrastructure 8.00

6. Margin Money at Cluster Lever 25.00

Ratrya Krishi Vikash yogana

Assistance for Micro lift arrogation system for progressive farmer group

83 - 134.4

Assistance for tropical Polly house for off season vegetables & flowers cultivation.

20 - 37.20

Establishment of Vermi Compost Pit. 7 2.10

Assistance for Power teller of farmer group6

6 4.90

Soil test & Development of soil health card.

700 3.20

Skill development - 9.60

AN

IMA

L

HU

SBA

ND

RY

Ratrya Krishi Vikash yogana

Animal Care Camp 80 Camp 100% 4.00 4.00

Poultry Development Programs 250 Unit Work on progress 13.50 -

36

Goad Development Programs 24 Unit work on Progress 12.78 - FI

SHER

IES

Fishermen’s House

0.30 Dis. House 20 - - -

Ponds 16 - - -

Hatchery - 1 - - -

Seed Production for Proved

Farmers on 80% Subsidy

- 12 crore

Commercial Training for Farmers

- 140 - - -

Seri

cult

ure

Rearing - 23 - 3 Lac -

Grange - 7 - 1.5 -

Plantason by forest Dpt.

- 22 - - -

Agro-Ecological Situation :-

The planning commission Govt. of India has divided the whole country into 15 agro climatic zones.

Jharkhand state falls under VIIth Agro climatic zone. This state is also divided into three agro climatic

regions i.e. IVth, Vth and VIth. Among the three, Godda district comes under the IVth (Central and North

Eastern plateau region) agro climatic region Based on the variation in topography, soil types and its

problem, availabiity of irrigation and cropping pattern. Gooda district has been divided into three agro-

ecological situations (AESs) for the purpose of SREP preparation. One representative village of each AES

was selected for participatory data collection through multidisciplinary AES teams. The village selected for

such study is given in Table. All the villages selected are located 10 to 30 Km from the district head

quarters, Godda.

AES AND SELECTED VILLAGES FOR PARTICIPATORY DATA COLLECTION.

Sl. No.

Agro- climatic zone Agro-ecological situation (AES)

Blocks covered Representative village

Representative village's Block

Geogrophical Area (AES)

37

1

Central North Eastern Plateau Zone

Upland, eroded soil – Rain fed Area

Sunderpahari, Boarijoar, Poriyahat,

Tesobathan, Sundarpahari 101983.40

2

Medium land, Sandy Soil tank irrigated

Pathargama, Mahagama, Godda

Bisha Pathargama 65916.00

3 Low land-Alluvial soil river irrigated

Meharama, Thakurgangti

Surni Meharma 42287.60

INFORMATION ON IRRIGATED AREA IN THE VILLAGE(Area in Ha.)

S

l.

N

o

.

Na

me

of

the

villa

ge

Rain-

fed

area

% Irrigated area (source wise)

Maj

or % Medium % Minor %

Lift

TAN

K

% Wells % Other

s % Total

%

1

Tes

obat

han

91.0

0

54

.4 - - - - - - - - - - 15.92 100 15.92 100

2 Bisa

ha

168.

07

36

.3 - - - - - - 16 9.23 30 17.36

127.2

8 73.45 173.29 100

3 Sur

ni

180.

9

60

.3 - - - - - - 89.6 59.8 16.16 101.18 89.1 39.91 99.76 100

INFORMATION ON IRRIGATION PROJECTS NEARING COMPLETION

Sl. No.

Type of the project *

Name of the project

Area irrigated (ha)

Projected Actual

1 Major Sundar Dem 5847 815

2 Minor Water Sheed 3600 387

3 Minor Kajhiya Nadi Small Chekdem

643 419

INFORMATION ON LAND USE PATTERN

38

Sl. No.

Name of the village Geographical Area Cultivable Area Cultivated Area Cultivable waste

Current Fallow

1 Tesubathan 167 106.92 70.39 32.23 3

2 Bisaha 463 341.36 289.79 51.57 -

3 Surni 310 280.66 275.08 5.58 -

Forest Pasture Land put to non

agri. Use Land under misc.

plantation Barren & unculturable land (waste

land)

20.1 12.42 17.19 3.12 7.25

6.45 22 18.4 4.52 70.27

- - 5.10 - 14.24

INFORMATION ON SOILS FOR THE VILLAGE(S) TESOBATHAN, BISAHA, SURNI

CLASSIFICATION OF SOIL WITH AREA UNDER PROBLEM SOILS (AREA IN HECTARES)

Sl.No

.

Name of the

village(s)

Black Red Soil Laterite / lateritic

Soils Alluvial soils

Forest & Hill soils

Area % Area % Area % Area % Area %

1 Teshobatan - - 70 41.9 52.2 31.13 25 1497 20 11.97

2 Bisaha - - 78.5 16.9 110.4 23.76 105 22.67 6.45 1.39

3 Surni - - - - 90 30 20 70 - -

PRODUCTION AND PRODUCTIVITY OF IMPORTANT COMMODITIES UNDER ENTERPRISE FOR

TESOBATHAN, BISAHA, SURNI VILLAGE(TO BE COLLECTED BY AES TEAM)

Sl. No

Name of the Commodity

2000 2005 2008

A P Y A P Y A P Y

1 Tesobathan

Paddy 50 1900 38 50 18.75 37.5 50 2100 42

Wheat 7.4 111 15 92 147.2 16 12.6 221.76 17.6

Maize 22.5 405 15 24 480 20 24 468 19.5

2 Bisaha

Paddy 206.4 9031.6 44 206.4 9907.2 48 206.4 11764.8 57

Wheat 102.0 2142 21 106 2544 24 106 2586.4 24.4

Maize 80.0 2560 32 80 2240 38 82 3411.2 41.6

3 Surni

Paddy 200.0 9203.68 46 200.8 10441.6 52 200.8 11244.8 56

Wheat 90 1440 16 92.0 1794 19.5 100 2240 22.4

Maize 75 2100 28 75.0 2625 35 80 3080 38.5

A – Area in ‘00’ ha.P - Production ‘00’ Mt.tons., Y - Yield (Productivity) in Qtts/ha.

39

SOIL PROFILE OF THE DISTRICT

SOIL ACIDITY AND FERTILITY STATUS

Soil Reaction :- Soil pH is an important soil property, which affects the availability of several plant

nutrients.

it is a measure of acidity and alkalinity and reflects the status of base saturation. it is a measure of

acidity and alkalinity and reflects the status of base saturation. The soils of the district have been

grouped under four soil reaction classes according to Soil Survey Manual) IARI, 1970). The soil ph

ranges from 4.7 to 8.1. The soil reaction classes with area are given in table and figure. The data

reveals that 84.4 percent, strongly acid covers 22.8 percent slightly acid covers 21.3 percent and 5.5

percent area cover very strongly acid soils. Soils of 9.3 and 4.3 percent area of the district are neutral

and alkaline in reaction respectively.

SOILS UNDER DIFFERENT REACTION CLASSES

Soil reaction Area(‘00ha) %of the TGA

Very strongly acidic (pH 4.6 to 5.0) 115 5.5

Strongly acidic (pH. 5.1 to 5.5) 481 22.8

Moderately acidic (pH 5.6 to 6.0) 733 34.8

Slightly acidic (pH 6.1 to 6.5) 450 21.3

Neutral (pH 6.6 to 7.3) 197 9.3

Slightly alkaline (pH 7.4 – 7.8) 62 2.9

Moderately alkaline (pH 7.9 to 8.4) 33 1.6

Miscellaneous 39 1.8

Total 2110 100.0

40

ORGANIC CARBON:- The organic carbon in the district ranges from 0.29 to 1.63 %. They are mapped into

three classes i.e. low (below 0.5%), medium (0.5-0.75%) and high (above 0.75%). The district are given in

table and figure . From table it is seen that majority soils (83.8% of TGA) have high organic carbon

content. Medium and low organic carbon content constitute 11.7 and 2.7 percent area respectively.

ORGANIC CARBON STATUS

Organic carbon(%) Area(‘00ha) %of the TGA

Low (below 0.50%) 57 2.7

Medium (0.50-0.75%) 246 11.7

High (above 0.75%) 1768 83.8


Total 2110.0 100.0

AVAILABLE PHOSPHORUS:- Available phosphorus content in these soils ranges between 1.0 and 12.8

kg/ha

and area and distribution is given in table 5 and figure 5. Data reveals that soils of the 9.2 percent area

are low in available phosphorus content, whereas 6.0 percent a.e. have medium in available phosphorous

content.

AVAILABLE PHOSPHOROUS STATUS IN THE SURFACE SOILS

Available phosphorous (Kg/Ha.) Area(‘00ha) %of the TGA

Low (below 10) 1945 92.2

Medium (10-25) 126 6.0


41

Total 2110 100.00

AVAILABLE NITROGEN:- Available nitrogen content in the surface soils of the Godda district ranges

between

220 and 630 Kg/ha and details are given in table and figure above. Majority area (88.7% of TGA) of the

district have medium availability status of available nitrogen (280-560 kg ha.-1) Soils of high and low

available nitrogen content constitute 7.7 and 1.8 percent area respectively.

Available nitrogen status in the surface soils

Available nitrogen (Kg/Ha.) Area(‘00ha) %of the TGA

Low (below 280) 38 1.8

Medium (280-560) 1872 88.7

High (above 560) 161 7.7


Total 2110 100.00

42

AVAILABLE POTASSIUM:- Available potassium content in these soils ranges between 45 and 706 kg/ha and

details about area and distribution is given in table and figure. The data reveals that majority of soils

(58.6% of TG/HA) have medium available potassium content (108-208 kg /ha) Soils of 25.5 percent area

are low (below 108) and 14.1 percent area are high (above 280 kg ha-1) in available potassium content.

Available Potassium status in the surface soils

Available potassium class (Kg/Ha.) Area(‘00ha) %of the TGA

Low (below 08) 538 25.5

Medium (108-280) 1236 58.6

High (above 280) 297 14.1


Total 2110 100.0

AVAILABLE SULPHUR :- The available sulphur content in the soils ranges from 0.94 to 47.03 mg kg and

details about area and distribution is given in table and figure soils of 36.6 percent of the area are low

(<10 mg kg-1) in available potassium content.

Available potassium status in the surface soils

Available potassium class (kg/ha) Area(‘00ha) %of the TGA

Low (below 108%) 538 25.5

Medium (108-280) 1236 58.6

High (above 280) 297 14.1

43


Total 2110.0 100.0

AVAILABLE SULPHUR:- The available suphur content in the soils ranges from 0.94 to 47.03 mg kg-1

and details about area and distribution is given in table and figure Soils of 36.6 percent of the area

low (<10mg kg-1) and high (>20 mg kg-1) in available suphur content respectively.

Available sulphur status in the surface soils

Available sulpur (kg/ha-1) Area(‘00ha) %of the TGA

Low (<10%) 772 36.6

Medium (10-20) 888 42.1

High (> 20) 411 19.5


Total 2110.0 100.0

Micronutrients :- proper understanding of micronutrients availability soils and extent of their deficiencies

is the per-requisite for efficient management of micronutrient fertilizer to sustain crop productivity.

Therefore, it is essential to know the micronutrients status of soil before introducing any type of land use.

AVAILABLE IRON:- The available iron content in the surface soils is ranges between 9.22 and 65.0 mg. kg-1

44

As per the critical limit of available iron (>4.5 mg-1), all the soils are sufficient in available iron. They are

grouped and mapped in to four classes. Most of the soils (56.9% of TGA) have available iron content

between the range of 25 to 50 mg-1 . The details of area and distribution is presented in table and figure .

AVAILABLE IRON STATUS IN THE SURFACE SOILS

Available iron

(mg kg-1)

Area(‘00ha) %of the TGA Rating

<15% 118 5.6 Sufficient

15-25 375 17.8

25-50 1257 59.6

50-100 321 15.2


<15 118 5.6

Total 2110 100.0

AVAILABLE MANGANESE:- The available manganese content in surface soils ranges between 5.58 and

51.2 mg kg-1. As per the crtificat limit of available manganese (<2 mg kg-1), all the soils are sufficient in

available manganese. They are grouped and mapped in to four classes. Soils of 49.7% area of

district have available on content between 10 and 25 mg kg-1 The details of area and distribution are

presented in table and figure.

AVAILABLE MANGANESE STATUS IN THE SURFACE SOILS

45

Available iron (kg/ha-1) Area(‘00ha) %of the TGA Rating

<10% 25 1.2 Sufficient

10-25 1048 49.7

25-50 893 42.3

50-100 105 5.0


Total 2110 100.0

AVAILABLE ZINC:- The available zinc in surface soils ranges between 0.30 and 4.98 mg kg-1. They are

grouped and mapped in to five classes. Soils of majority of soils (89.9% of TGA) are sufficient (. 0.5 mg-1)

whereas soils of 8.7 percent area are deficient (<0.5 mg-1) in available zinc. The details of area and

distribution are presented in table and figure .

AVAILABLE ZINC STATUS IN THE SURFACE SOILS

Available zinc (mg/kg-1) Area(‘00ha) %of the TGA Rating

<0.5 183 8.7 Deficient

0.5-1.0 717 34.0 Sufficient

1.0-2.0 764 36.2

2.0-3.0 305 14.4

46

3.0-5.0 102 4.9


Total 2110 100.0

AVAILABLE COPPER :- The available copper in status in surface soils ranges between 0.18 and 8-18 mg kg-

1.

They are grouped and mapped into six classes. Majority of soils of 0.7 % area are deficient in available

copper (0.2mg kg-1). The details of area and distribution area presented in table

AVAILABLE COPPER STATUS IN THE SURFACE SOILS

Available copper

(mg/kg-1)


<0.2 14 0.7 Deficient

0.2-0.5 9 0.4 Sufficient

0.5-1.0 57 2.7

1.0-2.0 319 15.1

2.0-4.0 1278 60.6

4.0-9.0 394 18.7


Total 2110 100.0

47

AVAILABLE BORON:- The available boron content in the soils ranges from 0.05 to 8.95 mg kg-1 and details

about area and distribution is given in table and figure. The critical limit for deficiency of the available

boron

is 0.5 mg kg-1. Soils of 24.7 percent area of district are deficient (<0.50 mg kg-1) whereas 73.5 percent

area are sufficient (<0.50 mgkg-1) in available boron content.

AVAILABLE BORON STATUS IN THE SURFACE SOILS

Available copper

(mg/kg-1)


<0.25 236 11.2 Deficient

0.25-0.50 285 13.5 Sufficient

0.50-0.75 289 13.7

>0.75 1261 59.8


Total 2110 100.0

48

General features of the district GODDA

SL. No

Na

me

of

the

blo

ck

/ Ta

luk

./ M

an

da

l Geogra-phical Area (Ha.)

No. of Gram Pancha-yats

No. of revenue Villages

Information

Average Rainfall and rainy days (in mm) Temperature (0C)

2006 2007 2008 2006 2007 2008

Avg. in mm

No. of Days

Avg. in mm

No. of days

Avg. in mm

No. of days

Min-Max

Min-Max

Min-Max

1

GO

DD

A

34673 34 263

1638

77

1607

90

120

81

14.26/ 36.35

12.97/38.3

13.71/38.60

2

PA

THA

RG

A

MA

/BA

SA

NTR

AI

24083

32 315

1243

58

1490

87

1193

76

15.78/ 37.52

13.76/37.64

15.65/37.79

3

MEH

ERA

M

A

12963 29

213

1112

62

81.3

8

NA

NA

13.96/ 38.03

14.16/38.76

14.35/38.93

4

MA

HA

GA

MA

15953

23

364

1574

65

1756

80

1006

63

13.71/ 38.89

14.57/39.42

12.93/39.07

49

5

T.GANGATI

8444

16

203

1080

48

954.7

65

502

37

14.76/39.23

16.73/40.26

18.36/40.03

6 BOWARIJOR

34390 22 442 1606 56 1582 88 723 64 14.78/35.63

16.04/37.87

16.28/36.28

7 SUNDERPAHARI

32678 13 297 1774 64 1878 80 1302 73 13.95/36.08

13.97/37.36

13.73/37.68

8 PORIYAHAT

47003 31 213 1261 65 960.7 77 966 85 14.21/37.84

14.08/38.03

14.78/38.29

DETAILS ABOUT NUMBER OF FAMILIES UNDER EACH KIND OF RESOURCE

SITUATION IN THE REPRESENTATIVE VILLAGES OF THE AES

(AES-I:- Tesubathan, AES-II:- Bishaha, AES-III:- Surni)

District.- Godda.

Sl. No.

Categories

No. of families and their percentage

AES - I AES-2 AES-3

No. % No. % No. %

1. Resource Rich 12 12.63 37 7.8 103 15.2

2. Resource Poor 83 87.36 434 92 574 84.78

DETAILS ABOUT PREDOMINANT EXISTING FARMING SYSTEMS (EFS)

IN THE REPRESENTATIVE VILLAGE OF AN AES

District: -Godda Agro-ecological situation: I /II /III

Villages: Tesubathan , Bishaha, Surni Resource Situation: Resource Poor

Sl.No. Existing farming system

No. & % of families associated

Number Percentage

AES-I AES-II AES-II AES-I AES-II AES-II AES-I AES-II AES-II

1

A.+A.H. A.+A.H A+AH 83 306 577 100 70.5 100

2

- A+AH+H - - 128 - 29.5

Resource Rich

Sl.No. Existing farming system

No. & % of families associated

Number Percentage

AES-I AES-II AES-II AES-I AES-II AES-II AES-I AES-II AES-II

50

1

A+AH A+AH A+AH 4 26 71 33 70 69

2

A+AH+H A+AH+H A+AH+H 8 11 32 67 30 31

Note: A. for Agriculture, A.H. for Animal Husbandry , H. for Horticulture

EFS-I:- A/AH, EFS-II:- A/AH/H

MAJOR ENTERPRISES ASSOCIATED WITH EACH EXISTING FARMING SYSTEM (EFS) UNDER EACH RESOURCE SITUATION IN REPRESENTATIVE VILLAGE

District: - Godda Agro-ecological situation: I /II/III

Village: -AES-I- Teshubathan, AES-II:- Bisha, AES-III:- Surni Resource Situation: Poor and Rich

Sl. No.

Type of enterprises/ commodities

No. of families (%) associated with 2-3 dominant enterprises/ commodities in representative villages

Resource Rich Resource Poor

EFS- I EFS- II EFS- I EFS- II

AES-I

AES-II

AES-III

AES-I

AES-II

AES-III

AES-I

AES-II

AES-III

AES-I

AES-II

AES-III

1 -Agicultural crops -Irrigated

Paddy

Wheat 33 70 69 66 30 31 13.2

22 34 - 29 -

-Rainfed

Paddy 33 70 69 66 30 31 95 95 96 - 29 -

Maize 33 70 69 66 30 31 87 82 89 - 29 -

2 Horticultural crops

- Orchards - - - - 15 15 - - - - 6 -

-Vegetables - - - 66 30 31 - - - - 29 -

- Floriculture - - - - - - - - - - - -

3 -Animal husbandry

-Cows 33 70 69 66 30 31 48 34 46 - 29 -

-Buffalows - 59 21 - 11 16 - 4 12 - 7 -

-sheep - - - - - - - - - - - -

-Goat 33 49 63 - 16 11 74 62 66 - 17 -

-Pigs 33 - 12 41 - - 27 8 16 - 4 -

4 Fisheries - 21 5 - - 3 - 4 7 - 2 -

5 Sericulture - - - - - - - - - - - -

6 Poultry 33 16 28 66 10 - 62 46 35 - 21 -

7 Agriculture labour - - - - - - 58 44 35 - 6 -

8 Duckeries 25 5 - - 5 - 8 - 4 - - -

9 Bee Keeping - - - - - - - - - - - -

10 Vermi-compost - 5 - - 5 - - - - - - -

11 Any other - - - - - - - - - - - -

CONTRIBUTION OF DIFFERENT ENTERPRISES TOWARDS

ANNUAL INCOME UNDER EACH EXISTING FARMING SYSTEM

District: Godda gro-ecological situation: I /II/ III Village: -AES-I- Teshubathan,

AES-II:- Bisha, AES-II:- Surni Resource Situation : Poor and Rich

51

Sl.No.

Type of

enterprises/

commodities

Contribution of different enterprises/commodities(P/S/T) towards annual net income in each EFS



AES

-I

AE

S-II

AES

-III

AE

S-I

AE

S-II

AE

S-III

AE

S-I

AE

S-II

AES-

III

AES

-I

AES

-II

AES-

III


Wheat T T T T T T T T T - T -

-Rainfed

Paddy P P P P P P P P P - P -

Maize S S S S S S S S S - S -


- Orchards - - - - S S - - - - S -

-Vegetables - - - P P P - - - - P -

- Floriculture - - - - - - - - - - - -

3 -Animal husbandry

-Cows P P P P P P P P P - P -

-Buffalows T S T - S T - T T - T -

-sheep - - - - - - - - - - - -

-Goat S T S S T S S S S - S -

-Pigs T T - S - - T S S - S -

4 Fisheries S P S - - P - - - - - -

5 Sericulture - - - - - - - - - - - -

6 Poultry P S P P S - S S S - P -

7 Bee Keeping - - - - - - - - - - - -

8 Duckeries - - - - - - - - - - - -

9 Agriculture labour

- - - - - - P P P - - -

10 Vermi-compost

- - - - P - - - - - - -

11 Any other - - - - - - - - - - - -

P= Primary , S= Secondary, T= Tertiary

TYPE OF IMPROVED FARMING SYSTEMS (IFS) EVOLVED BY INNOVATIVE FARMERS OR RECOMMENDED

BY RESEARCH SCIENTISTS FOR EACH RESOURCE SITUATION

District: Godda Agro-ecological situation: I /II/ III Village: - AES-I- Tesubathan, AES-II:- Bisha,AES-III:- Surni

Resource Situation: Poor and Rich Sl. No.

Type of enterprises/ commoditie

Contribution of different enterprises/commodities towards annual net income in each EFS



52

s AES-I AES-II AES-III AES-I AES-II

AES-III AES-I AES-II AES-III AES-I

AES-II AES-III


Wheat 1235

9

1599

2 23057

118

83

206

53

2422

4

1158

3 15785 20653 -

2029

4 -

-Rain-fed

Paddy 1428

0

1635

6 19425

159

67

165

66

2224

6

1366

4 16108 17619 -

1500

5 -

Maize 1781

2

2426

2 25560

156

24

189

69

1158

0

1268

5 17710 20870 -

1791

3 -


- Orchards - - - - 9400

10000 - - - - 8013 -

-Vegetables - - - 8000 8955

10750 - - - - 6760 -

-Floriculture - - - - - - - - - - - -

3 -Animal husbandry

-Cows 1020 1510 15290 144

0

168

5

1645

6 8320 1280 1412 -

1295

0 -

-Buffalows - 1202

5 16102 -

127

00

5529

6 - 9600 12755 -

1209

2 -

-sheep - - - - - - - - - - - -

-Goat 2200 3600 3709 260

0

300

0 3200 2000 3594 3488 - 2476 -

-Pigs 1800 - 2400 260

0 - - 1400 1600 1918 - 1500 -

4

Fisheries 5000 2500

0 35000 - -

1500

0 - 4800 5000 - 1200 -

5 Sericulture - - - - - - - - - - - -

6 Poultry 6500 7000 8500

710

0

800

0 - 5000 6407 7009 - 6600 -

7

Bee Keeping - - - - - - - - - - -

8 Duckeries - 4000 - -

410

0 - - - - - - -


10 Vermi-compost

- - - - 220

00 - - - - - - -

11 Any other - - - - - - - - - - - -

53

CONTRIBUTION OF DIFFERENT ENTERPRISES TOWARDS ANNUAL INCOME UNDER EACH IMPROVED FARMING SYSTEM(IFS)

District: Godda Agro-ecological situation: I /II/ III Village: - AES-I- Tesubathan, AES-II:- Bisha, AES-III:- Surni

Resource Situation: Poor and Rich Sl. No.

Type of enterprises/ commodities

Contribution of different enterprises/commodities towards annual net income in each EFS



AES-I AES-II AES-III AES-I AES-II

AES-III AES-I AES-II AES-III AES-I

AES-II AES-III


Wheat 7005 1009

8

1706

8

811

7

11

45

3

2214

6 2935 7643 9728 - 8214 -

-Rain-fed

Paddy 8722 9653 1544

5

954

6

98

48

1095

7 4867 5208 7619 - 7423 -

Maize 5812 7658 9743 673

5

89

65

1000

6 3268 4771 5807 - 9193 -


- Orchards - - - - 9400

10768 - - - - 6032 -

-Vegetables - - - 1600 8955

13137 - - - - 5760 -

-Floriculture - - - - - - - - - - - -

3 -Animal husbandry

-Cows (No.20) 1200

0

1820

0

2218

0

144

00

14

85

0

2456

0 8000

1065

3 14123 -

1499

5 -

-Buffalows (No.10)

- 1610

2

2025

0 -

15

00

0

2502

5 - 9600 12092 -

1255

6 -

-sheep - - - - - - - - - - - -

-Goat (No. 10)

2200

0

3600

0

4700

0

260

00

28

00

0

3200

0

1220

0

2294

4 27884 -

2876

0 -

-Pigs(No.10) 1800

0 -

4400

0

360

00 - -

1400

0

1800

0 22000 -

1500

0 -

4 Fisheries (1Ha.)

5000 3500

0

2500

0 - -

1500

0 - 4800 8000 -

1200

0 -

5 Sericulture - - - - - - - - - - - -

6 Poultry (2000 Birds)

6500 7000 8500 110

00

40

00 - 5000 6407 8816 - 8927 -

7 Bee Keeping - - - - - - - - - - -

8 Duckeries - 4000 - -

41

00 - - - - - - -


10 Vermi-compost (10unit's)

- - - -

22

00

0

- - - - - - -

11 Any other - - - - - - - - - - - -

54

TREND ABOUT GROWTH OF EXISTING ENTERPRISES / COMMODITIES / LIVESTOCK IN THE

REPRESENTATIVE VILLAGE

District: Godda Village: AES-I- Teshubathan, AES-II:- Bisha, AES-II:- Surni

S.N

o

Name of enterprises /

commodities / livestock

Unit Trend about no. of units in the village

2008 2005 2000

1

Agriculture Ha. AES-I

AES-II AES-III

AES-I

AES-II AES-III AES-I

AES-II

AES-III

- Irrigated + rainfed

crops

-Wheat 2.6 106 100 2.6 106 100 2.3 102 94

-Maize 4

10 12 4

10 12 3.5 8 8

- Rainfed crops only

- Paddy 50 206.4 200.8 50 206.4 200.8 50 206.4 200.8

-Maize 24 82 80 24 82 80 22 75 79

2

Horticulture Hec.

- Orchard - 8 6 - 6 4 - 6 4

- Vegetables 6 14 20 3 10 12 3 7 8

- Flowers - - - - - - - - -

3

Animal husbandry No.

- Sheep - - -

- Goat 195 318 462 155 289 392 192 350 450

- Buffalo

- Local - 34 48 - 28 40 - 22 32

- Graded

- Cow

- Local 89 180 286 80 168 252 70 152 258

- Cross breed 20 30 - 18 25 - - -

55

- Pigs 63 26 45 60 25 42 50 - -

- Poultry

- Commercial - - - - - - - - - -

- Back yard - 400 376 306 380 352 300 300 322 328

4 Fisheries Acre 1 6 8 1 4 6 1 4 6

5 Duckeries No. - 42 - - - - - - -

TREND ABOUT GROWTH OF EXISTING ENTERPRISES / COMMODITIES /

LIVESTOCK IN THE REPRESENTATIVE VILLAGE

District: Godda Village: AES-I- Teshubathan, AES-II:- Bisha, AES-II:- Surni

S. No.

Name of enterprises

/ commodities / livestock

Unit

Trend about no. of units in the village

2008 2005 2000

AES-I

AES-II AES-

III AES

-I AES-II AES-III

AES-I

AES-II

AES-III

6 Sericulture - - - - - - - - -

7 Bee keeping - - - - - - - - -

8 Vermi-compost No. - 4 - - - - - - -

9 Produce from

common land and

others

- Fuel wood

Forest

Area in

Ha.

20.1 - - 20.1 - - 20.1

- Minor forest

produce

Mahuwa

Qun. 310 150 - 400 200 - 525 220 -

10 Agriculture labourer No. 158 756 988 189 811 1012 209 932 1124

11 Tapping of toddy

trees - - - - - - - - - -

12

Non-farm enterprise

- Regular service No. 10 105 140

56

- Daily wage

earning 107 339 279

- Transport of

material through - - - - - - - - - -

tractor / bullock cart No 1/10 12/25 8/42 0/15 7/35 2/30 0/15 2/42 2/48

- Mat making 12 - - - - - - - -

- Rope making 2 10 8 - - - - - -

- Wood carving - - - - - - - - -

- Handloom etc. - - - - - - - - -

TREND ABOUT AREA / NUMBER PRODUCTIVITY OF MAJOR COMMODITIES

Name of Enterprise - Agriculture Name of Commodity:-Paddy

Name of Village: Tesobathan District:- Godda Name of agro-ecological Situation:- AES-I

Name of Commodity:-Paddy

Name of Commodity:-Wheat

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

2000 2005 2008

Area (Hec.)

Productivity(Qun.)

57

Name of Commodity:-Maize


Name of Enterprise - Agriculture Name of Village: Bishaha District:- Godda Name of agro-ecological Situation:- AES-II


0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

2000 2005 2008

Area (Hec.)

Productivity(Qun.)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

2000 2005 2008

Area (Hec.)

Productivity(Qun.)

0

50

100

150

200

250

2000 2005 2008

Area (Hec.)

Productivity(Qun.)

58



0

20

40

60

80

100

120

2000 2005 2008

Area (Hec.)

Productivity(Qun.)

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

2000 2005 2008

Area (Hec.)

Productivity(Qun.)

59


Name of Enterprise - Agriculture Name of Village: Surni District:- Gouda Name of agro-ecological Situation:- AES-III




District irrigation Plans (DIPs)

District Irrigation Plan (DIP) of GODDA (JHARKHAND) is the cornerstone for planning and

implementation of PMKSY. DIP has identified the gaps in irrigation infrastructure after taking into

consideration the District Agriculture Plans (DAPs) already prepared for Rashtriya Krishi Vikas

Yojana (RKVY) vis-à-vis irrigation infrastructure currently available and resources that would be added

during XII Plan from other ongoing schemes (both State and Central), like Mahatma Gandhi National

0

50

100

150

200

250

2000 2005 2008

Area (Hec.)

Productivity(Qun.)

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

2000 2005 2008

Area (Hec.)

Productivity(Qun.)

60

Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNHREGS), Rashtriya Krishi Vikash Yojana (RKVY),

Rural Infrastructure Development Fund (RIDF), Member of Parliament Local Area Development

(MLALAD) Scheme, Local body funds ets, The gaps identified under Strategic Research & Extension

Plan (SREGP) has been used in preparation of DIP.

DIPs has presented holistic irrigation development perspective of the district outlining medium to

long term development plans integrating three components viz. water sources, distribution network and

water use applications incorporating all usage of water like drinking & domestic use, irrigation and

industry. Preparation of DIP will be taken up as joint exercise of all participating departments. DIP has

formed the compendium of all existing and proposed water resource network system in the district.

The DIP has been keeping the already existing and future water availability at the levels as on

block and overall district in whole. Keeping in view the convenience of map preparation and data

collection, the work would be primarily done at block level. Block wise irrigation plan reflects the available

and potential water resources and water requirement for agriculture sector prioritizing the activities based

on basin/sub basin level, the comprehensive irrigation plan may cover more than one district. The

activities identified in the basin/sub-basin plan can be further segregated into district/block level action

plans. Use of satellite imagery, topo sheets and available database have been utilized for developing

irrigation plans.

There is a need for seriously considering all options including linking of rivers, where feasible; for

ensuring optimal use of our water resources to prevent the recurrence of floods and drought. By

harnessing rain water through ‘jal Sanchay’ and ‘Jal Sinchan’ we will nurture water conservation and

ground water recharge. Micro irrigation will be to ensure ‘per drop-More crop’ Out of about 141 Ha of net

area sown in the district (more %) is presently covered under irrigation. Substantial dependency on rainfall

makes cultivation in unirrigated areas a high risk, less productive profession. Empirical evidences suggest

that assured or protective irrigation encourages farmers to invest more in farming technology and inputs

leading to productivity enhancement and increased farm income. The overreaching vision of Pradhan

Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana (PMKSY) is to ensure access to some means of protective irrigation to all

agricultural farms in the country, to produce ‘per drop more crop’,thus bringing much desired rural

prosperity.

Vision,

To use the available water resources in the district to the maximum potential in an efficient way

catering to the basic needs of every living being and enhancing the livelihoods of rural population to the

maximum extent.Thus alleviating poverty in a sustainable way without compromising the interests of

generations.

Objective

The broad objectives of PMKKSY will be:-

a. Achieve convergence of investments in irrigation at the field level (preparation of district

level and, if required, sub district level water use plans).

b. Enhance the physical access of water on the farm and expand cultivable area under

assured irrigation (Har Khet ko pani).

c. Integration of water source, distribution and its efficient use, to make best use of water

through appropriate technologies and practices.

d. Improve on-farm water use efficiency to reduce wastage and increase availability both in

duration and in extent.

61

e. Enhance the adoption of precision-irrigationand other water saving technologies (More

crops per drop).

f. Enhance recharge of aquifers and introduce sustainable water conservation practices.

g. Ensure the integrated development of rain fed areas using the watershed approach toward

soil and water conservation, regeneration, of ground water, arresting runoff, providing livelihood

options and other NRM activities.

h. Promote extension activities relating to water harvesting, water management and crop

alignment for farmers and grass root level field functionaries.

i. Explore the feasibility of reusing treated municipal wastewater for peri-urban agriculture.

j. Attract greater private investments in irrigation.

This will in turn increase agricultural production and productivity and enhance farm income.

Strategy /approach,

To achieve above objectives, PMKSY will strategize by focusing on end-to end solution in irrigation

supply chain, viz. water sources distribution network, efficient farm level applications, extension

services on new technologies & information etc. Broadly, PMKSY will focus on:-

a) Creation of new water sources; repair, restoration and renovation of defunct water sources;

construction of water harvesting structures, secondary &micro storage,groundwater

development, enhancing potentials of traditional water bodies at village level.

b) Developing/augmenting distribution network where irrigation sources (both assured and

protective) are available or created;

c) Promotion of scientific moisture conservation and run off control measures to improve ground

water recharge so as to create opportunities for farmer to access recharged water through

shallow tube/dug wells;

d) Promoting efficient water conveyance and field application devices within the farm vise,

underground piping system, Drip & Sprinklers, Pivots, rain-guns and other application devices

etc.

e) Encouraging community irrigation through registered user groups/farmer producers’

organizations/NGOs.

f) Farmer oriented activities like capacity building, training and exposure visits, demonstrations,

farm schools, skill development in efficient water and crop management practices (crop

alignment) including large scale awareness on more crop per drop of water through mass

media campaign, exhibitions, field days, and extension activities through short animation films

etc.

g) The aforesaid areas only outline the broad contours of PMKSY;combination of interventions

may be required depending on location specific conditions and requirements, which will be

identified through district and State Irrigation Plans.

Methodology:

The preparation of District Irrigation plan is an integration of geospatial technologies and

spatial and non-spatial data.

1) Transformation of available thematic information (District provided Gyan data) on to the

village level on Bhuvan portal and extract geo-referenced village map data.

2) Integration of thematic layers with socio-economic data for classification of area into

specific composite land units on village level.

3) Preparation of appropriate action plan based on potential of composite land units and

development needs of study area is on the basis of available data.

62

4) Field visit of validate the recommended measures with respect to the ground situation

and requirement of the local people.

5) Finalization of development plans based on field observation.

Available thematic information for preparation for water resource and land resource

development plan.

Land use / land cover

Groundwater potential

Soil map- depth, texture, erosion and land capability

Slope.

High resolution satellite mage through Bhuvan portal.

Lithology.

Hydro geomorphology.

Area for development of water resources structure geospatial technology has been used in

this process first identify the area of crop land based on high resolution satellite data and then

identify the irrigated area by different source of irrigation methods. To identify the un irrigated area

an overlay method is used. District irrigation plan covers the fallowing planning component of the

district in sustainable development approach:

Increase in vegetation/biomass in the district enzeacling the biodiversity.

More number of surface water bodies in district.

Shift from annual crop to perennial.

Increase in the extent of crop area.

Improvement in the soil moisture availability.

Reclamation of waste lands.

Convergence of investments in irrigation at the field level.

Enhance the physical access of water on the farm and expand cultivable area under

assured irrigation (Har Khet ko pani)

Best use of water through appropriate technologies and practices.

Improve on-farm water use efficiency.

Enhance the adoption of precision-irrigation and other water saving technologies

(More crop per drop).

Enhance recharge of aquifers and introduce sustainable water conservation

practices.

Ensure the integrated development of rain fed areas.

Promote extension activities relating to water harvesting, water management and

crop alignment for farmers and grass root level field functionaries.

Promote the agro forestry.

Explore the feasibility of reusing treated municipal waste water for per-urban

agriculture,

Attract greater private investments in irrigation.

64

LAND USE

65

Concept of Landuse

Landuse is a function of four variables, land, water, air and man, each plays in its own role in composing its life history. Land constitutes its body, water runs through its veins like blood, air gives it oxygen and man acts as the dynamic actor to reflect its types, pattern and distribution. Land varies in altitudes, forms and expressions. Man has played his part on land to portray the different phases of his ties with it. The Homo-sapiens moved from one topography to another where climate, flora and fauna also changed. He used land, flora and fauna to fit his limited wants. Men multiplied their wants making it complex, the uses of land also increased, methods and technology also changed. Man was making his own map on the face of the earth to portray his link, adaptation, creation and destruction. Man has cleared the forest for shifting (jhum) cultivation. He then used the land for large-scale farming, small-scale farming, intensive farming, mixed farming, dry farming, etc. He has used the land for one crop or another is a minor landuse problem, but to use each plot of land for the right cultivation under optimum conditions to obtain optimum yield is a significant problem. Man has learnt use of grasslands, semi-arid and arid lands to his own advantage by applying improved methodology and utilization of his accomplishments.

Over a period, geographic pattern, of agricultural landuse are the outcome of concurrent interaction between the variable combinations of natural condition and these are affected by human circumstances because of their colonizing capability. The human circumstances are mainly responsible for dynamism in agriculture landuse or changing cropland occupancy. Therefore, efficient cropland occupancy, say cropping pattern, implies the most successful use of agriculture land, consequent upon development of irrigation facilities and application of modern methods of farm technology. The key to the most important aspect of landuse lies in the relation of population to land. The crux of the review, therefore, refers to the study of the problems in use of land by man. According to R.H. Best, the term land use deals with the spatial aspects of human activities on the land and with the way in way in which the land surface is adapted or could be adapted, to serve human needs. This leads one back to the village farm and farmer, to the fields, gardens, pastures, fallow land, forest and to the isolated farmstead (Freeman, 1960). The land use shifts from agricultural uses to Residential, Industrial, Transportation, Neighborhood retail and service activities due to urbanization. A true nature of these dynamic qualities in land use emerges from a historical survey designed to reveal the successive development of inherent characteristics of land because ‘some changes are short lived whereas others represent a more constant demand’ (Jackson, 1963). The soil formation is key facter for landuse. The soil in district is made of sedimentary rocks which also formed the sandy texture affecting the land use pattern.

Land Use Classification

The conservation and development of land resource in area needs special focus. It needs well

thought and rational planning, which in turn depends upon minute observation of land use

pattern. The aim of this study is clear visualization of local land environment. The intense and

focused study of the details of land use puts us in a position to conserve the important

elements of the nature, which otherwise lead in a direction of destruction and consequently

threaten the social strata. The present study focuses mainly on dimension, which is very

important from the sustainability point of view that is distribution of different groups of land use,

i.e. their ratios in the region. Therefore, it becomes very complex and diversified to study all the

groups available at micro-level, homogenous groups are generalized to reduce the number of

groups, and these simplified groups of land use classification.

66

World Land Use Classification mainly recognizes nine categories. As Associated Non

Agricultural Land, Horticulture, Tree and Permanent Crops, Crop Land Improved Permanent

Pasture, Improved Grazing Land, Wood Land, Swamps and marshes, Unproductive Land.

In India, a standards classification system is yet to develop. National Atlas and The land use

classification presented by All India soil and Land Use Survey 1970 is follows:

1. Forest Land (F) F1 Without Canopy F2 Sparse Forest F3 General Forest F4 Fully stocked

Top Canopy

2. Cultivated land (CC) C! Single Cropped C@ Double Cropped C# Triple Cropped

3. Terraced Land (T) T1 Poorly Bounded Land T2 Poor Terracing Measures T3 Bench

Terraces

4. Waste Land (W) W1 Fit for Cultivation W2 Unfit for Cultivation

5. Pasture Land (P) P Pasture and Grazing Land H Hay Land When the Grass Periodically

cut P1 with Young Shrubs P2 With well Grows Shrubs T Thorny Lands and heavy Canopy

Shrubs.

Land use classification by Statistical Department of Government of India.

I. Geographical Area- calculated by survey Department.

II. Reported Area (Statistical area related to land use )

a. Forest.

b. Land not Available for Cultivation.

i. Land Put to Non- Agricultural Use.

ii. Barren and dUncultivable Land.

c. Other Uncultivable and excluding Fallow Land.

i. Permanent Pastures and Other Grazing Land.

ii. Miscellaneous Tree Crops and Gardens.

iii. Culturable Waste Land.

d. Fallow Land

(a)Net Sown Area,

(b)Area Sown More than once.

III. Net Irrigated Area :-

IV. Total Irrigated Area.

The analysis of land use in the present study is based on district statistical magazine, data

available at block level and revenue office. Following categories of land use have been

recognized in the study area. In the analysis of land use pattern study has been adopted at

block level: Forest Cover, barren and cultivable waste land, current fallow land, Other Fallow V

land, Barren & uncultivable land, Land put to non-agricultural use, Pastures and Crazing Land,

Area under bush, forest & garden, Net area sown.The district has more less almost all type of

land except swamps and marshy land.

INFORMATION ON LAND USE PATTERN IN THE GODDA DISTRICT.

67

S.

No

Name of

the

block

Geographical

(Ha.)

Cultivatable

Area

Cultivated

Area

Cultivable

waste

1

Godda

34673

28017.85

6272.02

3056.74

2 Pathargama

/ Basantrai 24083 21106.42 2981.58 1268.04

3 Meherama 12963

11058.96 1898.24 1044.41

4 Mahagama 15953 14208.44 1744.73 554.81

5 Thakurganti 8444 7229.28 1212.46 364.8

6 Boarijore 34390 18894.98 6884.52 4130.58

7 Sunderpaha

ri 32678 17253.39 2641.69 4739.55

8 Poriyahat 47003 38771.39 7413.38 5479.46

Total 210187 156540.71 31048.62 20638.39

Source- Agriculture Department.

Built-up Land

It is an area of human habitation developed due to non-agricultural use and that has a cover

of buildings, transport and communication, utilities in association with water, vegetation and

vacant lands, for delineating built-up land built up polygons interpreted under settlement.

Built-up Land (Urban)

All places with Nagar Parishad or which are notified as town areas and all other places

which satisfy the criteria of a minimum population of 5000, at least 75 percent of whose male

working population is non-agricultural and having a density of population of at least400 per sq.

km. are placed under this category (Census of India). It comprises areas of intensive use with

much of the land covered by intensive use and covered by structures. It includes residential,

recreational, public & semi-public , transporation, communication and isolated areas such as

parks, playgrounds, open spaces official/ marketing/public utilities area.

68

Built-up Area (Rural)

These are the lands used for human settlement and are of size comparatively less than the urban

settlements of which more than 80% of the people are involved in the primary activity of

agriculture. All the agricultural villages covering 5 hectares area and more are included in this

category. These are the built-up areas, smaller in size , mainly associated with agriculture and

allied sectors and non-commercial activities with population size less than 5000, generally lack

supporting facilities that are unique to urban areas like hospitals, industries (large and medium

scale), institutional etc. They appear in dark bluish green in the core built-up area and bluish in the

periphery; the size varies from small to big; irregular and discontinuous in appearance; can be

seen in clusters con-contiguous or scattered.

69

Agricultural Land

These are the lands primarily used for farming and for production of food, fiber, and other

commercial and horticultural crops (irrigated and un irrigated, fallow, plantations etc.)

Cropland

These are the areas with standing crop as on the date of satellite overpass. Cropped areas

appear in bright red to red in color with varying shape and size in a contiguous to non-

contiguous pattern. They are widely distributed in different terrains; prominently appear in the

irrigated areas irrespective of the source of irrigation.

Forest

70

These are the areas bearing an association predominantly of trees and other vegetation

types (within the notified forest boundaries) capable of producing timber and other forest

produce. They comprise of thick and dense canopy of tall trees, which are deciduousforest

types are of predominantly composed of species, which shed their leaves once a year,

especially during summer. They exhibit bright red to dark red in color in varying sizes, smooth to

medium texture depending on the crown density, contiguous to non-contiguous in pattern based

on their location. The size can be irregular and discontinuous in pattern based on their location.

The size can be irregular and discontinuous occupying medium relief mountain/hill slopes within

the notified areas. Forest blank are the openings amidst forest areas, devoid of tree cover,

observed as openings of assorted size and shapes as manifested on the imagery. They appear

in light yellow to light brown in tone, generally small in size. They possess regular to irregular

shape, scattered in the forested areas. Most of these areas are seen along hill tops/stopes

midst forest areas. Forest blanks are also to be included in this category. The Damin-i-koh area

of Sunderpahari and Boarijor Block are richer in forest cover.

Dense/closed

This category includes all the areas where the canopy cover/density is more than 29.6%

Open/Degraded

This category includes all the forest areas where the canopy cover/density ranges between

10-40%.

Wastelands

Wastelands is described as degraded land which can be brought under vegetative cover with

reasonable effort and which is currently underutilized and land which is deteriorating for lack of

appropriate water and soil management or an account of natural causes, Wastelands can result

from inherent/imposed disabilities such as by location, environment.

Dense Scrub

These areas possess shallow and skeletal soils, at times chemically degraded, extremes of

slopes, severely eroded and lands subjected to excessive aridity with scrubs dominating the

landscape they have a tendency for intermixing with cropped areas.

Open Scrub

This category has a similar description as mentioned in the earlier class excepting that they

possess sparse vegetation or devoid of scrub and have a thin soil cover.

71

Barren/Rocky/Stony Waste

These are rock exposures of varying lithology often barren and devoid of soil and vegetation

cover. They occur amidst hill-forests as openings or as isolated exposures on plateau and

plains. Such lands can be easily discriminated from other categories off wasteland because of

their characteristic spectral response. They appear in greenish blue to yellow to brownish in

color depending on the rock type. They vary in size with irregular to discontinuous shape with a

linear to contiguous or dispersed pattern. They are located in sleep isolated hillocks/hill slopes,

crests, plateau and corded plains associated with barren and exposed rocky/stony wastes,

lateritic outcrops, mining and quarrying sites.

Water Bodies

This category comprises areas with surface water, either impounded in the form of ponds,

lakes and reservoirs or flowing as streams, rivers, canals, etc. these are seen clearly on the

satellite image in blue to dark blue or cyan depending on the depth of water.

River/Stream/Canal

Rivers/streams are natural course of water flowing on the land surface along a definite

channel/slope regularly or intermittently towards a sea in most cases or a lake or an inland

basin in desert areas or a marsh or another river. Depending upon the nature of availability of

water, rivers are sub-divided into perennial or seasonal. They appear in light to dark blue in

color, long, narrow to wide depending on the size of the river. They appear in contiguous, at

times nonlinear pattern and associated with drainage pattern on hill slopes, flood plains or

uplands, at times with vegetation along the banks most of rivers/stem/canals of district is

seasonal.

Lakes /Ponds

These are accumulation of water in a depression of various size either natural or saline

Lakes /ponds are those that retain water in them either for one season for one season or

throughout the year and usually not subject to extreme fluctuation in water level. Ponds are

body of water limited in size, either natural or artificial, regular in shape, smaller in size than a

lake, generally located near settlements. The lakes and ponds are having flocculating water

storage in district.

Reservoir / Tanks

Reservoir is an artificial lake created by construction of a dam across the river specifically for

irrigation, and water supply for domestic/industrial needs, flood control, etc., either singly or in

combination. Tanks are small lakes of impounded water ways constructed on land surface for

irrigation. They appear in light blue to dark blue depending on the depth from small to large

sizes. They possess regular to irregular shape dispersed to linear, occupying lowlands, plains.

They are associated with croplands, low lands and reservoirs surrounded by hills with or without

vegetation.

Landforms of fluvial origin

72

The word fluvial is used in earth science to refer to processes and landforms production by

running water. As with other surficial processes, running water can either erode material from

the earth’s landscape, or deposit laters of sediment. The resulting landforms can thus be

classified as either erosional landforms or depositional landforms. The incredible power of

running water in carving various erosional and depositional landforms is well known.Although

the quantity of water in stream is small at one time during the course of the year, very large

volumes of water moves through the channel and they from an important component in the

hydrological cycle. The fluvial dissection of the landscape consists of valleys fand sdtheir

included channel ways organized into a system of connection known as a drainage network.

Drainage networks display many types orf quantitative regularity that are useful in analyzing

both the fluvial systems and the terrains that they dissect. The following are some of the

important landforms of fluvial origin concerned with district landforms.

Braided bar

A stream that divides into follows an interlacing or tangled network of several, small,

branching and reuniting shallow channels separated from each other by branch is lands or

channels bars, resembling in plan the strands of a complex braid. Such a system is generally

believed to indicate the inability to carry its entire load such as an overloaded and aggrading

stream flowing in a wide channel on a flood plain.

Landforms of Denotational Origin

Landform of denotational origin is formed where the denudation process. Most of the land

form resulting due to this process is the combined effect of mechanical and chemical

weathering. Denudation is the process of removal of material by erosion and weathering. Thes

has direct influence on the relief of the area especially in the reduction of relief to the base level.

The agents are mostly water, and wind. The major factors attecting denudation are geology,

climate, tectonics and anthropogenic effects. All rocks and minerals at or near surface are

attacked by physical and chemical process. The effect of this process is not same everywhere

because of rocks varying resistance to change. As a result weathering is an essential part of the

rock cycle. The parent material, or rock weathered material is disaggregated to form smaller

fragments and some of the material are dissolved and removed by running water, wind, glacier

etc.The weathering provides a raw material for the sedimentary for the sedimentary rock and

soil.

Pediment

A broad, flat or gently sloping, rock floored erosion surface or plain of low relief, typically

developed by sub aerial agents ( including running water in an arid or semiarid region at the

base of on abrupt and receeding mountain front or plateau escarpment, and underlain by

bedrock (occasionally by older alluvial deposits)that may be bare but more often partly mantled

with, a discontinuous veneer of alluvium derived from the upland masses and in transit across

the surface.

Landform of structural origin

73

Landform of structural origin is related to structural aspect of the area. Most of the

landforms under this class has genesis related to underlying structure. Structure plays an

important role for reducing the resistance of rocki which manifests itself in different geomorphic

forms. Some of the variation is minor and some are in mega scale. The mega scale forms have

a dramatic effect on the genesis of landforms and hence mapping of such forms indirectly

indicates the structural set up of the area. The mega scale structural features like fault and fold

depending on its type plays an important role in genesis of structural landform. The influence of

geologic structures on the development and appearance of landscapes is prominent. The

influence of geologic structures ranges from large features, which exert a dominant influence on

the form of an entire landscape, to small fearures, which affect an individual landform and the

geomorphic processes operating on it. The structural control could be active structures whose

form is directely impressed on the modern landscape or ancient structural features whose

influence on a modern landscape is due primarily to differential erosion.

Dissected Structural Hills and Valleys

Hills and valleys, which are originated due to tect0oic process and are highly dissected by

the drainage lines. This can be further classified as highly, moderately and low dissection

depending on the density of joints and drainage. Mostly this will be interpreted form a

planimetric satellite data and the classification is highly subjective.

Intrusive bodies (Lines) Basic Dyke

Hydro geomorphology is an emerging scientific domain, mainly based on the concepts of

other scientific areas related to geosciences (e.g., geomorphology, geology, remote sensing,

hydrogeology, applied geophysics, soil and rock geo technics, hydrology, topography,

climatology and natural hazards. It operates in an interdisciplinary field focused on the linkage

between hydrologic processes with land forms or earth materials, the interaction of geomorphic

processes relating surface water and groundwater regimen. The Damin-i-koh area of district is

part of Rajmahal Hills which have formation story of thousand years back.

soil

soil is a major part of the narural environment, alongside air and water, and is vital to the

existence of life on the planet. Soil is the result of the process of the gradual breakdown of rock-

the solid geology that makes up the earth. As rock becomes broken down through a variety of

processes, such as weathering and erosion, the particles become ground smaller and smaller.

As a whole, soil is made up from four constituents: mineral material, organic material, air and

water. There are considered to be three main mineral parts to soil; ‘sand’, ‘silt’, and ‘clay’ .these

parts give the soil its ‘mineral texture’. In addition, as leaves and other organic material fall to

the ground and decompose – there also forms an ‘organic’ layer. Soil scientists (or pedologists)

use a series of sieves to separate out the constituent part in order to characterize soil by texture

class.

74

Many natural bodies, such as plants and animals, are discrete entities which can be

classified and guidelines for their identification followed. Soils are much more difficult to identify

and classify than these discrete bodies for two main reasons: (i) soil is more or less a continuum

covering the land surface of the earth, not a set of discrete entities; and (ii) most of the soil is

below ground and therefore not readily visible. Soils grade into one another across the

landscape usually without sharp boundaries between one type of soil and another. Soil

surveyors who make maps of soil have to use their skills in reading changes in the landscape

coupled with auger borings in the soil to identify the nature of the soil.

There are several ways of classifying a soil, from the simple to the complex. A soil type may

be as ‘a sandy soil’ or ‘a clayey soil’ ad this is often the perception of many land users, such as

farmers or civil engineers, who see it as material they have to deal with to achieve an end result,

such as the growing of a crop of wheat, or the building a road. Simple classifications tend to be

of local and restricted relevance only. At the other end of the spectrum is the soil scientist who

needs to understand how soils have formed, which types occur where, and for what the different

types of soil can be used. The soil scientist seeks a much broader understanding, with the aim

of underpinning the use and preservation of this important natural resource, and this has

manifested itself in a number of detailed soil classification systems worldwide.

Soils have many important functions. Perhaps the best appreciated is the function to support

the growth of agricultural and horticultural crops. Soil is the mainstay of agriculture and

horticulture, forming as it does the medium in which growth and ultimately the yield of food

producing crops occurs. Farmers and gardeners have worked with their solid over many

centuries to produce increasing amounts of food to keep pace with the needs of a burgeoning

world population. The soil’s natural cycles go a long way in ensuring that the soil can provide an

adequate physical. Chemical and biological medium for crop growth. The farmer and

horticulturalist have also become skilled in managing soils so that these natural cycles can be

added to as necessary to facilitate adequate soil support and increasing yield to enhance

production.

Soil depth

The mean depth of the soil layer within the sampling area is assessed by studting

conditions in the terrain, both on the test area and in its immediate vicinity. The soil depth on the

area (humus layer + mineral soil) is specified as one of the following four classes;

Soil Texture

Soil texture has an important role in nutrient management because it influences nutrient

retention. For instance, finer textured soils tend to have greater ability to store soil nutrients.

In our discussion on soil mineral composition, we mentioned that the mineral particles of a

soil are present in a wide range of size. Recall that the fine earth fraction includes all soil

particles that are less than 2 mm .soil particles within this fraction are further divided into the 3

75

separate size classes, which includes sand, silt, and clay . the size of sand particles range

between 2.0 and 0.05 mm; silt ,0.05mm and 0.002mm; clay , less than 0.002mm. Notice that

clay particles may be over one thousand times smaller than sand particles. This difference in

size is largely due to the type of parent material and the degree of weathering. Sand particles

are generally primary minerals that have not undergone much weathering. On the other hand,

clay particles are secondary minerals that are the products of the weathering of primary

minerals. As weathering continues, the soil particles break down and become smaller and

smaller.

Soil texture is the relative proportions of sand, or clay in a soil. The soil textural class is a

grouping of soils based upon these relative proportions. Soils with the finest texture are called

clay soils, while soils with the coarsest texture are called sands. However, a soil that has a

relatively even mixture of sand, silt,and clay and exhibits the properties from each separate is

called a loam. There are different types of loam, based upon which soil separate is most

abundantly present. If the percentages of clay, silt, and sand in a soil are known (primarily

through laboratory analysis), you may use the textural triangle to determine the texture class of

your soil.

Soil Erosion

Soil erosion is a naturally occurring process that affects all landforms. In agriculture, soil

erosion refers to the wearing away of a field’s topsoil by the natural physical forces of weather

and wind or through forces associated with farming activities such as tillage.

Erosion, whether it is by water wind or tillage, involves three distinct actions –soil

detachment, movement and deposition. Topsoil, which is high in organic matter, fertility and soil

life, is relocated elsewhere “on-site” where it builds up over time or is carried “off-site” where it

fills in drainage channels. Soil erosion reduces cropland productivity and contributes to rhe

pollution of adjacent watercourses, wetlands, and lakes.

Soil erosion can be a slow process that continues relatively unnoticed or can occur at an

alarming rate, causing serious loss of topsoil, soil compaction, low organic matter, loss of soil

structure, poor internal drainage, salinization, and soil acidity problems are other serious soil

degradation conditions that can accelerate the soil erosion process. The greater the intensity

and duration of a rainstorm, the higher the erosion potential. The impact of raindrops on the soil

surface can break down soil aggregates and disperse the aggregate material. Lighter aggregate

materials such as very fine sand, silly, clay and organic matter are easily removed by the

raindrop splash and runoff water; greater raindrop energy or runoff amounts are repaired to

move larger sand and gravel particles.

Soil movement by rainfall (raindrop splash) is usually greatest and most noticeable during

short-duration, high-intensity thunderstorms. Although the erosion caused by long- lasting and

less-intense storms is not usually as spectacular or noticeable as that produced during

thunderstorms, the amount of soil loss can be significant, especially when compounded over

time.

76

The district is severely threatened with soil erosion problem especially in hilly plateau area.

The soil erosion satellite mapping is them must essential activity which can be done in

comprehensive way.

SOILS UNDER DIFFERENT REACTION CLASSES

Soil reaction Area(‘00ha) %of the TGA

Very strongly acidic (pH 4.6 to 5.0) 115 5.5

Strongly acidic (pH. 5.1 to 5.5) 481 22.8

Moderately acidic (pH 5.6 to 6.0) 733 34.8

Slightly acidic (pH 6.1 to 6.5) 450 21.3

Neutral (pH 6.6 to 7.3) 197 9.3

Slightly alkaline (pH 7.4 – 7.8) 62 2.9

Moderately alkaline (pH 7.9 to 8.4) 33 1.6


Total 2110 100.0

Rural Economy and cash crops

The rural economy of district Godda has distinguished configuration due to specific pattern of Population distribution. The tribal dominated areas has a specialized cropping pattern because of Texture and Structure of Soil. In this area the rural economy is completely subsistence types. The people use to reop Paddy crops Arahar, Kulthi; Peas,etc. as Gram, Urad, Mung, Kulthi. There is Fringe ratio ofcash crops Barbatti and other water scared species specially the Paharias the PTGS. Use to have Shifting Cultivation as koraba for Barbatti and Kulthi. in some of areas of Boarijore and Sunderpahari Block of the district. The PTGS are wholly dependent on Barbatli The marketing of Barbatli is Completely Controlled by middle men who are having their collection Center at the foot hills. The subsistence nature of Agriculture in this area is mainly due to lack of effecting measures of water conservation in vicinity of foothills or any subway of watersupply to these PTGS not for drinking purposes but irrigation also.The district has predominance of alluvialloamy soil which is a good ground for agricultural, horticultura land Social forestry works. The peoplespecially in Basantrai, Meherma, Thakurgangti, Mahagama Part of Pathargama, Poriyahat, and Godda, use different type of cropping patterns through kharif and Rabi Crops. Horticulturehas go a widespread base in commercial ways specially of mango. This area has potentiality of cash crops as sugarcane; Vegetables, etc. These are as have a lot of seasonal rivers which is suffering problems due to siltation and proper strorage provisions. The rural economy of these areas are mainly based on Agriculture which provides livelihood as well as a short means foreconomical uplifted The rural economy which is based on agriculture is suffering from lack of well-organized Co-operative or Inclusive farming. The fragmented role of dairy, fisheries;horticulture and agriculture have Mosaic Effect of rural economy which compels the distress Migration and middle men culture which is the most dangerous trend of district economy. ThusRural economy is becoming nearer to vanishing point of sustainable growth. The Sustainable growthRequires a well-organized irrigation linkage by creating storage dams and SeasonalStreams Strengthening’s (SSS) so that the water may be used for agriculture purposes. This will not help the water conservation in stony sandy soil but remove the water logging in some of part of districts. The whole district has major is issue of Gradient observation during the formulation of water conservation structures as Dams; canals and Tributaries’. Thus the rural economy whichis mainly of

77

subsistence nature will get ride off water crisis specially in lean period i.e. February to mid of July every year.

79

DISTRICTWATER

PROFILE

80

Irrigation is the artificial application of water to the land or soil. It is used to assist in the growing

of agricultural crops, maintenance of landscapes, and revegetation of disturbed soils in dry areas

and during periods of inadequate rainfall. There is a great necessity of irrigation in Indian

agriculture. India has a great diversity and variety of climate and weather condition. These

condition range from extreme of heat to extreme cold and from extreme dryness to excessive

rainfall. Due to some reasons irrigation is needed in Indian agriculture.

Uncertainty of Monsoon rainfall both in time and place.

Irregularity in distribution of rainfall throughout the year.

Excessive rainfall causing flood.

Draught is an annual event in some area.

Some soils need more water.

India is a land of Rabi Crops. But there is no rainfall in winter months.

Introduction of H.Y.V. seeds and multiple cropping need water throughout the year.

The type of Irrigation mainly practiced in district are:

Dams

Different type of minor and major check dams structures.

Tanks

1. Sichhni

2. Donga

Well

1. Dug well

2. Tube well

i) Shallow well

ii) Deep well

Canal

1. Perennial

2. Non-Perennial

Crop water Requirement

Crop water requirement is the water required by the plants for its survival, growth,

development and to produce economic parts. This requirement is applied either naturally bt

precipitation or artificially by irrigation. Hence the crop water requirement includes all losses like:

a) Transpiration loss through leaves (T) b)Evaporation loss through soil surface in cropped area

(E) c) Amount of weather used by plants (WP) for its metabolic activities which is estimated as

less than 1% of the total water absorption. These three components cannot be separated so

easily. Hence the ET loss is taken as crop water use or crop water consumptive use. D) Other

81

application losses are conveyance loss, percolation loss, runoff loss, etc., (WL). e) The water

required for special purposes (WSP) like puddling operation, ploughing operation, land

preparation, leaching, requirement, for the purpose of weeding, for dissolving fertilizer and

chemical, etc. Hence the swater requirement is symbolically represented as:

WR= T+E+WP+WL+WSP

The other application losses and special purposes are mostly indented for wet land

cultivation. Hence for irrigated dry land crop the ET loss alone is accounted for crop water

requirement). The estimations of the water requirement of crop are one of the basic needs for

crop planning on the farm and for the planning of any irrigation project.

District Fishries Office, Godda made by Water Tank

S. No. Block Year11-12 Year 15-16 Total No. of

Tank Total No. of area in acre

No.

Under NMPS in Acre

Area in acre

1 Godda 2 3.21 2.70

2 Poriyahat 3 7.90 2.90

3 Meharma 3 1.00 2.40

4 Boarijor 4 7.50 3.50

5 Mahagama 1 - 0.50

Total 13 26.11 12.00 13 38.11

Government Tank in District : -

S. No. No. of Tank Area in Acre

1 726 1352.10

Personal Tank in District : -


1 3493 3433.64

Sundardam –

S. No. No. of Dan Area in Acre

1 01 3630.90

Total – 38.11+1352.10+3433.64+3630.90 = 8454.75 Acre

Irrigation Division, Godda Camp, Mahagama

S. No. Block

Coverage Scheme Command Area Total

Water Discharge in

82

Kharif Rabi cusec

1 Mahagama &

Boarijor

Sonepur weir

Scheme 3360 - 3360 60

2 Boarijor Sunder

Reservior Scheme

a. Mahagama, Pathargama &

Boarijor

Left Main Canal

4500 3000 7500 90

b. Right Main

Canal 16500 18100 28600 210

3 Poriyahat &

Godda Triveni weir

Scheme 10000 _ 10000 300

4 Thakur Gangti

& Meharma

Bhawra Bandh Bairaj

Scheme

4900 60

5 Pathargama Tardiha weir

Scheme Proposed

1612

6 Godda

Saidapur weir

Scheme Proposed

1750

7 Bateshwar

Ganga Pump Canal

Runnung Scheme

Drinking Water and Sanitation Division, Godda

Rural Water Supply Scheme

S. No. Block No. of House Connection & Public

Stand Post

Quantity of daily waterSupply in

Gallon

1 Godda 463 85000

2 Pathargama 403 100000

3 Poriyahat 910 185000

4 Mahagama 416 100000

5 Thakurgangti - 50000

6 Boarijor - 50000

7 Basatnrsi 5 25000

Total 2197 595000

Main Water Scheme

S. No. Block No. of Const.

1 Godda 11

83

2 Sundarpahari 1

3 Basantray 3

4 Poriyahat 19

5 Pathargama 13

6 Boarijor 8

Total 55

Total Hand Pump in District :

S. No. Block HYDT HYGPT DT GPT Total

IM-III 65MM

IM-III 65MM

1 Godda 85 9 2471 1072 3637

2 Poriyahat 95 - 2800 - 2895

3 Pathargama 52 3 1582 127 1764

4 Basantray 9 20 81 1175 1285

5 Sundarpahari 30 - 1279 - 1309

6 Mahagama 20 26 561 2169 2776

7 Meharma 1 40 82 1752 1875

8 Thakurgangti 5 13 115 1233 1366

9 Boarijor 50 - 1227 455 1732

Total 374 111 10198 7983 18639

District Horticulture Office, Godda

Developed by Micro Irrigation System in Drip/Mini Sprinklar

S. No Block Drip/Mini Area Coverad in

Acre

1 Meharma Drip/Mini 9.92

2 Pathargama Drip/Mini 25.49

3 Poriyahat Drip/Mini 175.14

4 Godda Drip/Mini 17.22

5 Basantrai Drip/Mini 43.76

Total 271.53

Planted Area in Non NHM Scheme in Godda District :

S. No. Block Area in Acre

1 Godda 73.25

2 Pathargama 60.75

3 Basantrai 5

4 Mahagama 16.125

5 Meharma 53.75

6 Tharkur Gangti 22.125

Total 233.5

84

Manrega Scheme under Water Harvesting Scheme

District : Godda

S.No Name Of Block

Year 2014-15 Year 2015-16 Total

well Pond other well Pond other well Pond other Dobha

1 Basantrai 3 28 22 9 47 47 9 44 30 0

2 Boarijor 55 81 4 31 170 0 78 173 7 93

3 Godda 43 110 0 15 173 0 31 124 0 26

4 Mahagama 21 55 2 33 84 5 66 112 14 51

5 Meharma 32 72 1 68 128 2 119 225 16 107

6 Pathargama 24 28 14 29 34 19 35 55 25 226

7 Poriyahat 102 102 55 74 128 39 62 155 24 0

8 Sundarpahari 27 4 0 49 19 0 24 87 1

9 Thakur Gangti

64 41 0 27 25 0 110 50 0 0

Total 371 521 98 335 808 112 534 1025 116 504

MP Fund Scheme under Irrigation Work :

S.No. Scheme Name & Block Year

1 Renovatio of Lift Irrigation, Urkusia, Block- Pathargama 2013-14

2 Renovatio of Lift Irrigation, Sundarmor, Block-Pathargama 2013-14

3 Renovatio of Lift Irrigation, Bisaha, Block-Pathargama 2013-14

4 Renovatio of Lift Irrigation, Bhagwanchak, Block - Pathargama 2013-14

5 Renovatio of Lift Irrigation, Ratansar, Block- Pathargama 2013-14

6 Renovatio of Lift Irrigation, Sanour, Block – Pathargama 2013-14

7 Renovatio of Lift Irrigation, Pathra, Block – Godda 2013-14

8 Renovatio of Lift Irrigation, Dumaria, Block- Godda 2013-14

9 Renovatio of Lift Irrigation, Rangmatia, Block- Godda 2013-14

10 Renovatio of Lift Irrigation, Hanwara, Block – Mahagama 2013-14

11 Renovatio of Lift Irrigation, Majdiha(Laxmipur), Block- Godda 2013-14

12 Renovatio of Lift Irrigation, Harlatikar, Block – Poriyahat 2013-14

13 Renovatio of Lift Irrigation, Dande, Block- Poriyahat 2013-14

14 Renovatio of Lift Irrigation, Rajdaha, Block- Godda 2013-14

15 Renovatio of Lift Irrigation, Kumarsi, Block - Pathargama 2013-14

16 Chek Dam in Harna River, Block- Godda 2015-16

17 Restoration of irrigation potential of Kouwa weair Block- Godda 2015-16

GROUND WATER SCENARIO

Hydrogeology

The southern part of the district is underlain by Granite-gneiss of Achaean age forming the basement. These occur as large batholiths and are intruded by basic rocks. In the central and northern part of the district the rocks of Barakar formation consisting of feldspathic sandstones, shales and coal seams overlying the metamorphics are exposed. In the western and northern part of the district alluvial cover of moderate thickness, caps the Archaean crystallines and the Gondwana sedimentaries.

85

The district is underlain by diverse geological formations with complex tectonic framework. The geological formations have been grouped under three main categories a) The gneissic complex in the southern and the central part

b) The Rajmahal traps in the eastern and southeastern part

c) Gondwanas overlain by thin mantle of alluvial cover in the northern and central part.

Ground water occurs mostly under phreatic condition in all the lithological units within the

shallow aquifers and locally under semiconfined and confined condition in deeper aquifers.

Depth to Water level

During May 2012, the depth to water levels in HNS .(Fig-3) wells tapping shallow aquifer

ranged from 4.55 to 9.90 m bgl. Depth to ground water levels during the post monsoon period (November 2012) varied between 2.25and 8.34 m bgl. Categorization of depth to water level of pre-monsoon period (May 2012) for HNS in Godda district is presented below in table- Categorization of depth to water level of pre-monsoon period (May2012)

No. of wells measured

Depth to water level

(mbgl) 0-2(m) 2-5 (m) 5-10m(m) 10-20 (m)

8 Min Max No. % No. % No. % No. %

4.55 9.90 0 0 2 20 8 80 0 0

86

LEGEND

Categorization of depth to water level of post-monsoon period (November 2012) for HNS in

Godda district is presented below in table

Categorization of depth to water level of post-monsoon period (Nov-2012)

87

No. of wells measured

Depth to water level

(mbgl) 0-2(m) 2-5 (m) 5-10m(m) 10-20 (m)

9 Min Max No. % No. % No. % No. %

2.25 8.34 0 0 4 40 6 60 0 0

Aquifer Parameters

A total of 13 exploratory wells .(Fig-1) and 12 observation wells have been drilled down to depth of 191 m in hard rock formation to decipher the potential fracture zones. The morphotectonic analysis of crystalline formation has revealed that rocks have been subjected to several stages of deformation leading to development of deep seated tensile and shear fracture. The most potential fracture zones trend along NNE-SSW, WNW-SSE and NW-SE direction. The exploratory data reveals presence of potential fractures between 17-163 mbgl. The deeper fractures are also found in few cases upto 140 mbgl. The depth of fracture at which maximum yield was obtained in bore well ranges from 75-135 mbgl. The thickness of the weathered zone varies from 9 to 26.5m. The yield of the well is in the range of 0.25-49.2m3/hr Summarised hydrogeological data of exploratory drilling in the district is given in table-3 below. Summarised hydrogeological data of exploratory drilling

Rock

Type

Depth

Range

(m bgl)

No.of

fractures

tapped

Depth

Range of

fracture

Zone

Water

Level

(m bgl)

Yield

(m3/hr)

Drawdown

(m)

T

(m2/day)

S

Granite

gneiss 81-191 1-5 17-163 2-8.63 .25-49.2 7.04-22.11

17.95-

177

4.3*10-3-

1.01*10-5

Ground Water Quality

Ground water in the phreatic aquifers in Godda district slightly alkaline in nature, which is also colourless, odourless . The specific electrical conductance of ground water in phreatic zone during May 2011 was in the range of 655 -2408 μS/cm at 25ºC. The suitability of ground water for drinking purpose has been evaluated on the basis of pH, Total hardness (T.H), Ca, Cl, F and NO3. The chemical concentration of these constituents, when compared with the drinking water specification recommended by IS:10500,1991 as presented below in table-4.

Table-4 Number of samples exceeding permissible limit in the district.

Quality IS:10500,1991 No.of samples in the District

exceeding permissible limit Desirable limit permissible limit

pH 6.5-8.5 No relaxation 0

T.H 300 600 0

Ca 75 200 0

Cl 250 1000 0

F 1.0 1.5 0

NO3 45 100 0

88

Status of Ground Water Development

In the rural areas the entire water supply is dependent on ground water. Ground water development is mainly carried out in the district through dug wells and Hand pumps. In general dug wells are of 2 m diameter and the depth ranges between 8 to 15 m depending on the thickness of the weathered zone, tapping the shallow aquifer in the weathered zone and uppermost slice of the basement. Large number of dug wells used for drinking water is under private ownership for which there is no reliable data. Over the years Mark II/ Mark III hand pumps are being drilled in large numbers for ground water development. These hand pumps have the following two major advantages i) less susceptible to contamination from surface sources and ii) tap fractures between 20-60m depth which have been found to be less affected by seasonal water level fluctuation and thus have lesser chances of failure even during extreme summer. In rural areas of Godda district the number of hand pumps drilled by PHED is 12311 of which 9342 are under working condition. There are 574 dug wells constructed by government departments that are under regular use. In the urban areas ground water plays a supplementary role in water supply, the major supply being made through dams, reservoirs or weirs across rivers or streams. No authentic data is available on the number of ground water structures catering the urban water supply. As per the latest ground water resource estimation carried out adopting GEC 97 methodology,

the overall stage of ground water development in Godda district has been found to be 38.68 %

indicating enough scope for future development. (Fig-5). The ground water resources of Godda

district is given in the table

.

Dynamic Ground Water Resources of Godda district as on 31st march2009 as per GEC 97 (ham)

Block Annual Replenshiable Ground water resource Natura

l

dischar

ge

during

non

monso

on

season

Net

annual

ground

water

availab

ility

Annual ground water draft

Project

ed

deman

d for

domes

tic &

ind.

Use

upto

2025

Groun

d

water

availib

ality

for

future

irrig.

Stage

of

gound

water

dev. %

Block

Monsoon season Non-monsoon

season

Total

Recharge

from

rainfall

Rechar

ge

from

other

source

s

Rechar

ge

from

rainfall

Rechar

ge

from

other

source

s

Irrigati

on

Domes

tic &

ind.

Use

Total

Boarijor 563.07 2450.0

3

528.55 101.69 1438.34 143.83 1294.5

1

369.82 190.89 560.71 233.98 690.71 43.31

Godda 370.05 4.79 776.51 320.59 1471.94 147.9 1324.7

5

1244.2

1

310.85 1555.0

6

408.26 -

327.12

117.39

Mahaga

ma

1502.71 242.54 372.21 130.86 2248.32 224.83 2023.4

9

506.3 254.08 760.38 311.43 1205.7

6

37.58

Meharm

a

847.35 242.14 211.91 52.20 1353.6 135.36 1218.2

4

194.88 195.33 390.21 239.42 783.94 32.03

Patharga

ma&

Basantrai

1512.1 243.64 587.27 158.37 2501.38 250.14 2251.2

4

607.62 281.68 889.3 345.27 1298.3

6

39.5

Poriyaha

t

1816 6.34 654.66 89.97 2566.97 256.70 2310.2

7

309.4 260.35 569.74 319.12 1681.7

6

24.66

Sundarpa

hari

1990.86 4.41 488.63 1.1 2584.89 258.49 2326.4

0

368.89 89.91 458.8 110.2 1847.3 19.72

89

Thakur

gangti

1390.31 162.02 189.52 63.75 1805.59 180.56 1625.0

3

245.92 130.67 376.59 160.17 1218.9

5

23.17

Total 9992.45 1150.9

1

3809.2

5

1018.4

2

15971.03 1597.1 14373.

93

3847.0

3

1713.7

5

5560.7

8

2127.8

5

8399.0

5

38.68

91

WATER AVAILABILITY

92

Status of Water Availability

Estimation Ground Water Resources has been carried out based on the methodology

recommended by the Groundwater Estimation committee (GEC’97). A ground water resource of the entire

state has been computed by CGWB (CGWB,NCCR, 2011) for the year 2008-2009. Salient features of the

estimation of ground water resources are described below. The present computations pertain to the

ground water year 2008-09. The resources have been computed block wise. Areas having slope more than

20% were excluded from recharge computations. Ground water recharge and draft were computed

separately for command and non-command areas. The present Ground Water Development in the district

has been calculated for command area and non-command area separately for each block. All the blocks in

the study area have been categorized as safe from ground water abstraction point of view. The overall

ground water development in the district is moderate except for the Fingeswar block which has a higher

stage of development. This may be attributed to the high stage of development in the Rajim urban area.

The ground water development in the district is being done by dug wells and bore wells. The dug

well depth varies from 5 to 20 m and the diameter varies from 1 to 4 m. The bore wells drilled in the area

are 60 to 150 m deep with diameter of 100 to 150 mm. ground water is the main source of drinking in the

district covering 700 no. of villages. The contribution of ground water for irrigation comes to nearly

10.25% of the net sown area. The use of ground water for irrigation purpose in non-command area is

maximum. The ground water development in the district is mainly for domestic and irrigation purposes.

Nearly 75% of the population is living in the rural areas.

Surface water is water on the surface of the planet such as in a stream, river, lake, wetland, or

pond/tank. It can be contrasted with ground water and atmospheric water. Non-saline surface water is

replenished by precipitation and by mankind for agriculture, living, industry etc. or discharged to the sea

where it becomes saline.

To derive surface Water volume basically, we measure volumes and surface areas of a set of farm

ponds and tanks, then develop a relationship between surface areas and volumes. After that using these

relationship calculated volumes of the whole study region surface water bodies based on our remote-

sensing surface area.

Irrigation facilities

1 2 3 4

S.No Type of the Source Nos. Command area (in ha)

1 Ponds 123 120.85

2 Open wells 390 82.01

3 Bore wells 344 12.19

4 Canal irrigation 0 0

5 Natural spring head 0 0

Total 857 215.05

93

Source : Baseline Survey

Drinking water facility*

* based on the observation from the fiel

1 2 3 4 5

S.No Item Units Quantity Source

1 Drinking water

requirement Ltrs/day/person

10-12 Well/Hand pump

2 Present availability of

drinking water Ltrs/day/person

6-8 Well/Hand pump

3

No. of drinking water

sources available Nos

681 Hand Pump+Well

Functional Nos 376 Hand Pump+Well

Need Repairing Nos 142 Hand Pump+Well

Defunct Nos 219 Hand Pump+Well

4 Short fall if any Ltrs/day/person 4-6

ltrs/day/person Hand Pump+Well

5

No. of families getting

drinking water from out

side the Micro watershed

area

Nos 0 -

6

Requirement of new

drinking water sources (if

any)

Nos. 315

If all those water sources wihich is

defunctioned and need to repairing

will functioning, then there is no

requirement of new drinking water

sources

94

Surface water resources



Existing Water Saving Practices

Name of the Major

Crop

Area (Ha)

Under water

saving

devices$

Under water

conserving

agronomic

practices#

Any other

(Pl. Specify)

Total Current water

Saving status as

against flood

irrigation. (Cu.m)

No Practice existed

$: Sprinklers, Drip, PVC Pipe, etc.,

#: Vermi compost, organic manuring, check basin, alternate furrow, Ridges and furrow & specific practices

` 2 3 4 5

S.No Type of water resource Nos Area irrigated (Ha) Storage capacity (Cu.m)

1 Ponds 123 120.85

2883

2 River 4 152.21 Continuous Flowing

3 Check dam 12 35.19 -

4 Joriya 8 25.17 -

Ground Water Structure resources

S.No Type of structure

No. available

No. to be

Repaired

No. to be

rejuvenated

No. with no

interventions

required

Total

1 Open well 108 67 215 390

2 Bore well/Hand pump 85 63 196 344

Total 193 130 411 734

95

Existing functional assets (Works already completed under different schemes including

works undertaken by farmers independently)

Source : Namkum Block, Secondary data

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1 2 3 4 5 6

S.lNo Name of the work Plot No. Quantity

(No./RMTs)

Amount

spent (Rs.) Programme

1 Irrigation Well NA 118 NA NAREGA &

World Vision

Pond NA 32 NA NAREGA

Horticulture

Plantation NA 8 NA

WADI, NABARD

& NGOs

Land Leveling NA 12 NA NAREGA

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96

EXPECTED OUTCOMES

Describe in detail the “Expected Outcomes”

A. Employment

Employment has always been a challenge in the village. The principal occupations of the people are rained

agriculture, animal husbandry and casual labor work. During Kharif period most part of the work mass engaged

themselves for about 4 months. Lack of fodder makes animal husbandry very difficult too. So, animal husbandry

does not keep them engaged full time. Thus the people mainly depend upon casual labor, either in the village itself or

outside to it. The project plans for creation of both wage employment and self-employment opportunities. Wage

employment would be created by engaging people in watershed physical works like construction of earthen bunds,

farm bunds, village pond, plantation, etc. Self-employment would be created by providing the people with cash

support in the form of direct livelihood activities like agriculture, animal husbandry (Breed improvement) and

enterprise development.

B. Migration

Low rainfall, low productivity of Agriculture land, lack of fodder bound to local people for migration to the

nearest town. On account of agriculture and animal husbandry providing only part time employment for some part of

the year, the people migrate for a better half of the year for wage labor. During that period people engaged

themselves in the various activities available in the season.

To check the migration from the Locality the Project mandate is to Create Employment through Proper

management of land and water as well as human resource management.

C. Drinking Water

Drinking water is the biggest Challenges in this Area. Most of the people depends upon well and tube well

for drinking water purposes. Most of the well in this micro watershed are not in proper location of discharging zone.

Most of the well has gone dried during summer. In most of the hamlet of this watershed people collect drinking

water from different water source during pick season.

Mushroom cultivation and other allied Livelihood activities: Looking in to the livelihood option combined with

the food habit, Mushroom can be one of the few options in the area. These can serve as the source of livelihood

without having any social and religious taboo and can be consumed by anyone looking for source of plat protein.

These can make an earning of Rs. 1200 to Rs.1500/month except in the months of April to June, when temperature is

too high in the area. Similarly other allied livelihood activities are associated with water consumption.

Drinking Water and Sanitation Division, Godda

Rural Water Supply Scheme

S. No. Block No. of House Connection & Public Stand

Post

Quantity of daily

waterSupply in Gallon

1 Godda 463 85000

2 Pathargama 403 100000

3 Poriyahat 910 185000

4 Mahagama 416 100000

5 Thakurgangti - 50000

6 Boarijor - 50000

7 Basatnrsi 5 25000

Total 2197 595000

97

District Fishries Office, Godda made by Water Tank

S. No. Block Year11-12 Year 15-16 Total No. of

Tank

Total No. of

area in acre

No.

Under

NMPS in

Acre

Area in acre

1 Godda 2 3.21 2.70

2 Poriyahat 3 7.90 2.90

3 Meharma 3 1.00 2.40

4 Boarijor 4 7.50 3.50

5 Mahagama 1 - 0.50

Total 13 26.11 12.00 13 38.11

Government Tank in District : -


1 726 1352.10

Personal Tank in District : -


1 3493 3433.64

Sundardam –

S. No. No. of Dan Area in Acre

1 01 3630.90

Total – 38.11+1352.10+3433.64+3630.90 = 8454.75 Acre

MGNREGA Scheme under Water Harvesting Scheme

District : Godda

S.No Name Of Block Year 2014-15 Year 2015-16 Total

well Pond other well Pond other well Pond other Dobha

1 Basantrai 3 28 22 9 47 47 9 44 30 0

2 Boarijor 55 81 4 31 170 0 78 173 7 93

3 Godda 43 110 0 15 173 0 31 124 0 26

4 Mahagama 21 55 2 33 84 5 66 112 14 51

5 Meharma 32 72 1 68 128 2 119 225 16 107

6 Pathargama 24 28 14 29 34 19 35 55 25 226

7 Poriyahat 102 102 55 74 128 39 62 155 24 0

8 Sundarpahari 27 4 0 49 19 0 24 87 1

9 Thakur Gangti 64 41 0 27 25 0 110 50 0 0

Total 371 521 98 335 808 112 534 1025 116 504

98

Existing structures under IWMP

IWMP

District Forest Office, Godda

Year PONDS Renovation

of Ponds Dobha

Arthdan

Chek

dam

Pakka

Chek

Dam

LooseBolder

Chek Dam

IWMP 2009-10 55 7 - 10 1 8

IWMP 2010-

11(2) 61 - 21 - - -

IWMP 2010-

11(3) 21 8 3 -

-

-

IWMP 2010-

11(4) 17 20 3 - - -

IWMP 2010-

11(5) 20 - 8 - - -

Total 174 35 35 10 1 8

District Forest Office, Godda

S. No. Check Dam Water Tank Hand Pump

1 17 20 03

Existing water bodies under Forestry activities

D. Crops, Cropping pattern & Productivity

Paddy is the main crop cultivated in the area followed by wheat while among the Rabi crops vegetables like

Brinjal, Lady’s finger, Chilly, Bitter guard, Cauliflower, Cabbages, Beans etc are noticed and some of the patches

Oilseed like mustard and Pulses like Pigeon peas are also noticed. The production of the different crops is very

negligible and they do not get the proper return; which was least boosting to go for the land related actives in the

area.

E. Horticulture

Though this agro climatic Condition is suitable for various Horticultural Crops, but it so scarce in this Zone.

Only in some of the Pockets in the command villages of this Micro watershed is Visible. The suitable Categories of

fruit Plants for this Zones are Mangoes, Amrud, Litchi, Lemon and Papaya. The strong mandate of Project is to

promote such species in proper time frame of Plantation activities.

F. Vegetative Coverage

The area is sparsely vegetated with Sal, Mahua, Sidha, Bamboo and such type of trees in the areas. Af-

forestation practices for soil as well as water conservation should be taken up mainly in the wasteland part and

southern hill slopes areas with such type of vegetation, which are suitable for this particular land.

G. Live Stock

99

This watershed has an average strength of livestock. That includes Cows, Buffaloes, Goats, Pigs, and Birds. Most

of the Cows in this watershed are the local cows of poor yielding in nature. Due to lack of Infrastructure, awareness,

Fodder Bank, people are unable to raise their income from livestock based management system. Most of the tribal

Community in this Area is interested for small animals like Pigs, Goats and Hen. The basic cause behind this

theory is due to low investment, low risk, small Infrastructure, and availability of market . The Project will

focused upon this Concept and promote livestock management system through Group based activities &

especially with breed improvement of the local animals to convert into the high yielding species through

convergence & under IWMP

101

WATER REQUIREMENT OR

DEMANDS

102

Domestic Water Demand

According to PHD the term ‘domestic water demand’ is the amount of water required for

domestic uses. Water demand forecasting is essential to water utilities, both for day-to-day

operations and for long-term planning. A number of factors like climate, culture, food habits, work

and working conditions, level and type of development, and physiology determine the

requirement of water. As per the Bureau of Indian Standards, a minimum water supply of 200

litres per capita per day (Ipcd) should be provided for domestic consumption in cities with full

flushing systems. It also mentions that the amount of water supply may be reduced to 135 Ipcd

for the LIG and the economically weaker sections (EWS) of the society and in small towns.

Water Requirement/Demand in Godda District for Domestic uses:-

Average Domestic Water consumption :-

Sr. No. Use Consumption in Liter per

person per Day

1 Drinking 5

2 Cooking 5

3 Bathing 55

4 Washing Cloths 20

5 Washing House 10

6 Washing Utensils 10

7 Toilet Used 30

Total 135

Source: Central Public Health & Environmental Engineering Organisation(CPHEEO India Water

Portal)

103

Total Population for District Godda in 2011 was 1311382, growth rate for district is 9.46% per

year, then this( 2016) year population Approx. 1931666 and projected population in 2020 is

2427892.

Average Per capita Domestic water requirement is 135 liters per day, Based on this

information Gross water Demand for Whole District in current year 2016 Approx. Population

1931666 is 21151742700 Gallon per annum. The projected gross water demand in 2020 is

26585417400 Gallon for per annum.

Crop Water Demand:

It is essential to know the water requirement of a crop which is the total quantity of water

required from its sowing me up to harvest. Naturally different crops may have different water

requirements at different places of the same place, depending upon the climate, type of soil,

method of cultivation, effective rain etc. The total water required for crop growth is not uniformly

distributed over its entire life span which is also called crop period. Actually, the watering stops

same time before harvest and the time duration from the first irrigation during sowing up to the

last before harvest is called base period. Though crop period is slightly more than the base

period, they do not differ from practical purposes.

The total depth of water required to raise a crop over a unit area of land is usually called

delta. Some typical values of delta for common crops in some regions of India are as follows:

Rice

1000mm to 1500mm for heavy soils or high water table

1500mm to 2000mm for medium soils

2000 to 2500mmfor light soils or deep water table

Use For Water0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Use For Water

Use For Water

104

1600mm for upland conditions

Wheat

250mm to 400mm in northern India

500mm to 600mm in Central India

Barley: 450mm

Maize

100mm during rainy season

500mm during winter season

900 during summer season

Cotton: 400-500mm

Sugarcane

1400mm to 1500mm in Bihar

1600mm to 1700mm in Andhra Pradesh

1218 mm to 1530 mm in Jharkhand

1700mm to 1800mm in Punjab

2200mm to2400mm in Madhya Pradesh

2800mm to 3000mm in Maharashtra

This information is based on Handbook of Agriculture (fifth edition, 2000) published by the

Indian Council of Agricultural Research.

Crop water requirement is calculated based on water depth required for each crop

82% percent of whole crop water is consumed by paddy crop only.

Crop Water Requirement –District-Godda

Crop Wise Water requirement (Major crops grown in Godda)

Water Requirement of a Crop is the quantity of water needed for normal growth and yield and

may be supplied by precipitation or by irrigation br by both.

The water requirement of any crop is dependent upon the following factor :-

1. Crop factor :- Variety, growth stage, duration, plant population and growing season

2. Soil factor :- Texture, structure, depth, topography

3. Climatic factor :- Temperature, relative humidity, wind velocity

4. Crop management practices :- tillage, fertilization, weeding etc.

Wate Requirement (mm) of some Important Crops grown in Godda

105

Sl

No. Crops

Crop Duration

(Days)

Total Water

Requirement (Range

in mm)

Average Water

Requirement (in

mm)

1 Rice 120 900-2500 1500

2 Wheat 90 450-650 500

3 Maize 100 500-800 500

4 Sugarcane 360 1500-2500 2200

5 Groundnut 125 500-700 600

6 Linseed 90 250-350 320

7 Blackgram 65 250-300 280

8 Tomato 600-800 700

9 Potato 110 500-700 600

10 Gardenpea 350-500 400

11 Onion 120 500-750 650

12 Beans 300-500 400

13 Cabbage 380-500 450

14 Banana 1500-2000 1800

The district has total 183705.66 Acre Agricultural land out of which 12392.03 Acre area is

irrigatedand 171313.63 Acre unirrigated at present (2016-17). The cropping pattern of different

varieties specially indicate that there is deficit of water for irrigation. In addition there is aim to

increase the irrigated area of the district which will create extra demand of ………….. gallon

water per annual upto 2020 certainty to achieve the target i.e. Har khet Ko Pani will nead

additionality for irrigation works through dams/tanks/soil conservation/canal formation/river

embankment and its allied activities.

Planted Area in Non NHM Scheme in Godda District :

S. No. Block Area in Acre

1 Godda 73.25

2 Pathargama 60.75

3 Basantrai 5

4 Mahagama 16.125

5 Meharma 53.75

6 Tharkur Gangti 22.125

Total 233.5

Livestock water Demand:

Global trend in animal production indicates a rapid and massive increase in the

consumption of livestock products. It is predicted that meat and milk consumption will grow

at 2.8 and 3.3 per annum, respectively, in developing countries like India where the whole

106

system of rural economy has revolved around livestock production. Providing enough

quality water is essential for good livestock husbandry. Water makes up 80% of the blood,

regulates body temperature and is vital for organ functions such as digestion, waste

removal and the absorption of nutrients. Understanding daily livestock watering needs is

key when designing a livestock watering system.

The daily water requirement of livestock varies significantly among animal species.

The animal’s size and growth stage will have a strong influence on daily water intake.

Consumption rates can be affected by environmental and management factors. Air

temperature, relative humidity and the level of animal exertion of production level are

examples of these factors. The quality of the water, which includes temperature, salinity

and impurities affecting taste and odor, will also have an effect, the water content of the

animal’s diet well influence its drinking habits. Feed with a relatively high moisture content

decreases the quantity of drinking water required.

Given that drinking water needs are species-, farm- and management-specific,

many producers today are opting to install water –metering equipment to obtain accurate

measurements of water use. If medication is ever provided through the livestock’s

watering system, the meter can be used to ensure proper dose rates.

Water demand for livestock for current year and for 2020. Number of livestock as

per 2011 census is 771476. Approx. estimation is done based on livestock water demand

which is different for types of animals. There is no additional water requirement as stored

water is more than water requirement. 25% of water is reserved for this purpose in all

current and future structures.

Different livelihood interventions proposed under the watershed:

Dairy: Presence of the Government owned dairy and a milk deficient market at Poraiyahat this makes a better choice

for the farmers. This will also help in reducing the chemical fertilizer utilization in the field. Jharkhand dairy project

is a means of financing the milch animals with the support of the Dairy development department. With the watershed

intervention cropping intensity and fodder availability will be enhanced making it a more feasible activity in the area.

With the backward and forward linkages already in picture dairy will be a successful activity in the area.

Poultry rearing: rearing birds has been in the habit of the farmers in this area. They rear country bird as people in

the villages still prefer country birds over the Broiler. People look for birds with a feed conversion ration of broiler

and disease resistance and taste of a country bird. Divyayan red serves and suits best in these conditions. Hence

Divyayan red variety birds can be given for rearing to the families. Land less families should be given this activity

under the JLG concept for rotation and sustainability of the activity.

Duck Farming: Ducks have been known for the water loving quality and egg lying with certain Puja like Mansa

Puja where these birds are offered to Goddess. Khaki Campbell variety of the ducks do not require much water and

can survive in the muddy conditions and also around the hand pumps and wells in the village. A batch size of 10+2

can serve the needs of a family. With the egg laying capacity of 180 to 200 Eggs/Year/bird, these can be a viable

livelihood option for asset less families.

Goatery: Goats have the dubious distinction of being Poor man’s cow and nature’s enemy. These have been with the

human being especially the poor in the villages for time immemorial and work as buffer for the families when it

comes to tough times along with the birds. Beetle variety of Goats can be reared for greater benefit and income of the

families.

107

Piggery: Pork have been traditionally consumed and a rich source of animal protein for the poor in the villages.

Tribal culture also permits consumption of pork. Jharkhand has been one of the few states where pork has been used

for source of protein by people from very early days. T & D variety of Pigs can be of great use for the farmers in the

watershed area.

Water Consumption by Animals/Birds

Sr. No. Livestock Category Water Requirement

Range

Average Water Use

Liter per day

1 Poultry 0.16-0.24 .02

2 Small Animal 13-20 16.5

3 Large Animal 39-59 49

Water Consumption by Wild Life

Sr. No. Livestock Category Water Requirement

Range

Average Water Use

Liter per day

1 Small Animal 0-20 10

2 Medium Animal 20-30 25

3 Large Animal 30-60 45

BREED & BLOCK WISE CATTLE POPULATION DIST - GODDA

Sl

NO Block Name

Total

No of

Village

CROSS

CATTlE

INDIG.

CATTLE

ND

CATTL

E

TOTAL

CATTLE

INDIG.

BUFFAL

O

ND

BUFFAL

O

TOTA

L

BUFF

ALO

1 Meherma 213 1566 4218 20493 26410 1202 3547 4749

2 Thakurgangti 203 661 2966 15976 19653 910 2826 3736

3 Boarijor 442 115 7405 42192 49721 1510 4743 6253

4 Mahagama 364 882 5713 31577 38238 2294 6750 9044

5 Pathargama 198 675 6587 34224 41541 1573 4705 6278

6 Basantrai 117 289 3367 18280 21954 1322 3907 5229

7 Godda 256 1031 11040 61105 73255 2984 8924 11908

8 Poreyahat 213 675 11632 62915 75276 2563 7409 9972

9 Sunderpahari 298 230 5914 32944 39107 634 1890 2524

108

Sl. No. Kinds of animals Number

1. Cow 4,91,239

2. Buffalo 62,930

3. Sheep 23,942

4. Goat 3,55,130

5. Pig 37,875

6. Cock 6,91,000

Industrial Water Demand

In Jharkhand, industry is the consumer of water. The main sources of water for the

industrial sector are groundwater and surface water. Groundwater has emerged as an

important source to meet the water requirements of industries. Choice of source of water

depends on the availability of sufficient and regular supply of water and the cost of water

from the source. While the running cost of surface water is mainly the price paid to the

supplier-the municipal bodies; the cost of ground water is the extraction cost-energy used

(electricity/diesel). Since the prices of all the inputs, water, electricity, and diesel are

administered or regulated by the government, the inefficient use of water remains a normal

practice. Since the surface water supply from municipal sources is not sufficiently

guaranteed, industrial units tend to depend on ground water.

Water demand for Power generation:

In future there are proposal for which will also need waters.

Water Demand of the district for Various sectors (Projected 2020)

Water Budget

A water budget reflects the relationship between input and output of water through a

region. Thus we have a direct comparison of supply of water and the natural demand for water.

The following data provides current water gap and projected water gap for the year 2020.

Total Population for District Godda in 2011 was 1311382, growth rate for district is 9.46% per

year, then this (2016) year population Approx. 1931666 and projected population in 2020 is

2427892.

Average Per capita Domestic water requirement is 135 liters per day, Based on this

information Gross water Demand for Whole District in current year 2016 Approx. Population

1931666 is 21151742700 Gallon per annum. The projected gross water demand in 2020 is

26585417400 Gallon for per annum. The existing agricultural land need ……….. gallon per

annum and increase of irrigated area will neceressiate additional …………… gallon per annum

upto 2020. Thus agricultural/drinking/sanitation/industrial use will need 1,00,000 gallon water per

annum which per ahead of present availability

110

STRATEGIC ACTION PLAN

FOR

IRRIGATION IN DISTRICT

111

RECOMMENDATIONS

As the district suffers from water scarcity, it is recommended to take artificial recharge at suitable

locales. On the basis of the hydrogeological criteria such as post monsoon water level below 8 m bgl indicating availability of sufficient space in the unsaturated zone to retain additional water and availability of surplus surface runoff, 313 Sq kms area in Godda district has been demarcated as suitable for artificial recharge. Through this 22.54 mcm water can be recharged. In the hard rock areas, pin pointing suitable sites for bore wells is always a challenge. Considering the

anisotropy in distribution of fractures at deeper level, suitable sites may be selected using remote sensing

techniques in association with geophysical and hydro-geological investigations.

For deriving optimal benefit from aquifers in areas under fissured formation, the dug wells should be designed to penetrate the weathered zone as well as top part (1-2 m) of the underlying bed rock, so as to get the full benefit, from the total thickness of the shallow aquifer. For hand pumps and shallow tube wells the casing provided against the weathered zone should be slotted at the bottom so that the well can extract shallow ground water also. In urban areas use of shallow aquifers should be encouraged. The surface run off in urban areas and its peripheral parts should be harnessed to augment the ground

water resource through appropriate recharge techniques. For urban areas roof top rain water harvesting

and artificial recharge is most suitable. Location and design of the structures should be guided by findings

from hydrogeological and geophysical surveys. Sites for artificial recharge should be taken up at places

where sufficient thickness of weathered zone as well as fracture/fracture zones are available. The depth of

the recharge well should be governed by the depth of occurrence of the fractures.

Strategic Action Plan

Water is essential for sustaining life and at the same time, it is an important component for almost

all developmental plans. Obviosusly the schemes for development for water resources for beneficial use

of the society have been taken up since the time immemorial. Considerable progress has been made in

respect of water resources development in India after independence through various Plans and such

developments have helped in almost five fold increase in creation of irrigation potential. Total created

irrigation potential at pre-plan period was about 22.6 million hectares (Mha) which at present is about

108.2 Mha. There has also been appreciable development in the areas of drinking water supply and other

uses. However, growing population, urbanization, and industrialization has led to considerable increase in

demand of water for various purposes e.g., irrigation, domestic needs, industrial requirements etc.

In this regard, it may be mentioned that the water sector has very strong linkages with all other

developmental activities. In view of fast charging development scenario, it is emphasized that the key

priorities and identified strategies cannot be considered as static and firm. These need to be reviewed and

improved upom from time to time. In this regard a comprehensive “Strategic Plan for District irrigation”

hjas been prepared through geospatial approach:

Methodology

Deverse research methodologies using RS and GIS have been applied by different authors to

identify potential rainwater harvesting in remote and data scarce areas; in most of these methods,

thematic maps are derived from remote sensing data and integrated in GIS to evaluate suitable sites for

rain water harvesting. Remote sensing is of immense use for natural resources mapping and generating

necessary spatial database required as and input for GIS analysis. FIS is a tool for collecting, storing and

analyzing spatial and non-spatial data, and developing a model based on local factors can be used to

evaluate appropriate natural resources development and management action plans. Both these

112

techniques can complement each other to be used as an effective tool for selecting suitable sites for water

harvesting structures.

In assessment of proposed rainwater harvesting structures potential using GIS and RS, onlines six

key factors that require to be integrated into a GIS framework in order to successfully developed a suitable

model fore RWH. This include; rainfall, hydrology (rainfall-runoff relationships),slope, land cover, soils

(texture, structure, depth) and socio-economics of the area under consideration.

The following criteria have been followed for making decision on selecting suitable site for various

water harvesting structures as per Integrated Mission for Sustainable Development(IMSD) guidelines.

Check dams

The slope should be less than 15 percent.

The land use may be barren, shrub land and riverbed.

The infiltration rate of the soil should be less.

The type of soil should be sandy clay loam.

Percolation tanks and nala bunds

The slope should be less than 10 percent.

The infiltration rate of the soil should be moderately high.

The land use/cover may be barren or scrub land.

The type of soil should be silt loam.

The suitability of WHS sites can be confirmed as the site is located on second and third order

drainage and satisfies the conditions of land use, soil type and slope as per IMSD guidelines. Water

harvesting structures are extremely important to conserve precious natural resources like, soil and water,

which is depleting day by day at alarming rate. The following table provide strategic action plan for

irrigation for each block as well as for whole district and estimated costs and period of implementation.

Soil Moisture Conservation (SMC)

The soil moisture conservation along forest and non forest area can be achieved by adopting various

methodology of soil rainfall/erosion process/farm banding/ farm levelling/ground water recharge by

well/ponds/dams/dovas/rain water harvesting methods.

Canal and River Renovation

All the existing canals and rivers need a massive desilt ration /renovation/embankment activities by

sealing different tributaries so that existing capacity can be utilized at optimum level.

Prioritization of Blocks and activity for Strategic planning

113

The prioritization is the heart of the programme in which any programme will be implemented.

Some of the important activities to be included in first phase of first year and some of the activity

included in last year or last phase. For prioritization of the activity and block fallowing criteria has been

adopted.

1. Map the present situation.

2. Talk to local peoples and public representatives.

3. Availability of Resources.

4. Poverty Index.

5. Percentage of SC&ST Population.

6. Percentage of Farmers.

7. Cropping Intensity.

8. Ground Water Situation.

9. Available of Degraded Land.

10. Land Capability Status.

11. Percentage of Irrigated area to total cropped area.

114

Strategic Action Plan – AIBP (PMKSY)

S.

No

Name

of the

District

s

Concerne

d

Ministry/

Departm

ent

Compon

ent Activity

Total

Number/C

apacity(cu

m)

Comma

nd

Area/

Irrigatio

n

Potentia

l (Ha)

Perio

d of

Imple

ment

ation

(5

yrs)

Estim

ated

Cost

(In

Crore)

1 Godda MoWR AIBP

Major Iarrigation

- - -

- Medium Irrigation

Surface Minor

Irrigation

Strategic Action Plan – Her Khet Ko Paani (PMKSY)

S.

No

Name

of the

Distric

ts

Concerne

d

Ministry/

Departm

ent

Compone

nt Activity

Total

Number/C

apacity(cu

m)

Comma

nd

Area/

Irrigatio

n

Potentia

l (Ha)

Perio

d of

Imple

ment

ation

(5

yrs)

Estimat

ed Cost

(In

Crore)

1

Godda

MoWR

Har Khet

Ko Pani

Lift Iarrigation 135 1344

5

17.83

2 MoWR RRR of Water Bodies

Irrigation 108 1749

31.52

3 MoWR Construction of Field Channels

4 MoWR Lined Field Channels

5

5 MoWR Micro-Irrigation 120 749 26.94

Creation of new

water sources 1740 6002

97.83

Total 2103 9844

174.12

115

Strategic Action Plan (PMKSY)

S.

No

Name

of the

Distric

ts

Concerned

Ministry/De

partment

Componen

t Activity

Total

Number/

Capacity(

cum)

Comma

nd

Area/

Irrigatio

n

Potentia

l (Ha)

Perio

d of

Imple

ment

ation

(5

yrs)

Estim

ated

Cost

(In

Crore)

1

Godda

MOA & FW-

DAC & FW

Per Drop

More Crop

Micro

(Irrigation)

Non- DPAP Drip 650 135

5

1.26

2 MOA & FW-

DAC & FW

Non- DPAP

Sprinkler 530 110

0.91

4

MOA & FW-

DAC & FW

Drought Proofing

through check

Dams/Water

Harvesting

Structures

320 2115

26.21

5

MOA & FW-

DAC & FW

On Farm

Development

(distribution

pipe/raised bed

and furrow system

etc.)

36 140

2.62

Total 1536 2500

31.0

116

Strategic Action Plan – Watershed (PMKSY)

Sr.

No

Nam

e of

the

Distr

icts

Concerne

d

Ministry/

Departm

ent

Component Activity

Total

Number

/Capacit

y(cum)

Comma

nd

Area/

Irrigati

on

Potenti

al (Ha)

Perio

d of

Imple

ment

ation

Estim

ated

Cost

(In

Crore)

1

God

da

DoLR-

MoRD

PMKSY

Watershed

New WHS

5

Years

2 Farm Ponds 252 821 9.4

3 Check Dams 45 315 0.55

4 Nallah Bunds 10 10 0.1

5 Other Ground Water

Recharge Structure 89 100 1.49

6 LBCD 426 282 1.5

7 Agroforestry/Afforesta

tion 213 101 2.00

8 Horticulture 192 210 1.25

9 Agriculture 20 9 0.1

10 PMKSY

Watershed Sub Total 1247 1848 16.39

11

Renovation of WHS

12 Renovation of Pond 127 2261 2.29

13 Bench Terracing 258 530 1.81

14 Farm Bunding 427 946 1.94

15 Earthen Check dam 159 0.55

16 Straggered tranching 80 0.30

Sub Total 1051 4856 6.89

Total 2298 6704

23.28

117


S.

No

Name

of the

Distric

ts

Concerne

d

Ministry/

Departm

ent

Compon

ent Activity

Total

Number/

Capacity(c

um)

Comma

nd

Area/

Irrigatio

n

Potentia

l (Ha)

Perio

d of

Imple

ment

ation

(5

yrs)

Estim

ated

Cost

(In

Crore)

1

Godda

DoRD-

MoRD

Convergen

ce with

MGNAREG

A

Newly Created

2 DoRD-

MoRD Water Conservation 150 450

.70

3 DoRD-

MoRD Water harvesting 120 850 4.25

4 DoRD-

MoRD

Creation of Irrigation

canals and Drains/LBC 25 800

1.50

5 DoRD-

MoRD

Providing Infrastructure

for Irrigation 25 200

1.25

6 DoRD-

MoRD Afforestation 1000 100

.20

7 DoRD-

MoRD Horticulture 1000 100

.10

8 DoRD-

MoRD Bench Terracing 150 75 .40

9 DoRD-

MoRD Wadi and WAT 250 400

.50

10 DoRD-

MoRD Rraded Bunding

11 DoRD-

MoRD Land Development 1000 8000

2.75

Sub Total 3720 10975 11.65

12 DoRD

Convergen

ce with

MGNAREG

A

Renovation

13 DoRD Renovation of Water

bodies including desilting. 45 400

1.25

14 DoRD Lift Irrigation 18 150 0.60

15 DoRD Renovation &

Maintenance of Irrigation

Canals & CCT

200 400

0.50

Sub Total 263 950 2.35

Total 3983 11925

14.00

Details of Programme Proposed by ATMA Godda

118

Activity

Cost

per

unit

(lac)

2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20

Total

unit

Total

Cost No.

of

unit

Fund

Req.

No.

of

unit

Fund

Req.

No.

of

unit

Fund

Req.

No.

of

unit

Fund

Req.

Moisture

Conservation

& Croping

aligement

Traing/Expo.of

farmers

Inter state 1.56 2 3.12 2 3.12 2 3.12 2 3.12 8 12.48

Within State 1.25 2 2.5 2 2.5 2 2.5 2 2.5 8 10

Within District 0.36 4 1.44 4 1.44 4 1.44 4 1.44 16 5.76

Efficeient

use of water

Inter state 1.56 2 3.12 2 3.12 2 3.12 2 3.12 8 12.48

Within State 1.25 2 2.5 2 2.5 2 2.5 2 2.5 8 10

Within District 0.36 3 1.08 3 1.08 3 1.08 3 1.08 12 4.32

Demonstration 0.04 45 1.8 45 1.8 45 1.8 45 1.8 180 7.2

Water

requirement

based

cropping

plan

Inter state 1.56 2 3.12 2 3.12 2 3.12 2 3.12 8 12.48

Within State 1.25 2 2.5 2 2.5 2 2.5 2 2.5 8 10

Within District 0.36 2 0.72 2 0.72 2 0.72 2 0.72 8 2.88

Total 66 21.9 66 21.9 66 21.9 66 21.9 264 87.6

119


S.

No

Name

of the

Distric

ts

Concerne

d

Ministry/

Departme

nt

Component Activity

Total

Number

/Capacit

y(cum)

Comma

nd

Area/

Irrigatio

n

Potentia

l (Ha)

Perio

d of

Imple

ment

ation

(5

yrs)

Estim

ated

Cost

(In

Crore)

1 Godda Ag.

Per drop

More Crop

(Micro

Irrigation and

water

management)

Training &

Exposure -ATMA 5

0.876

Component wise Proposal For PMKSY

S. No. Name of the

Component Total No.

Irrigation

Potantial (ha)

Estimated Cost (

in Crore)

1 AIBP 0 0 0

2 Her Khet Ko

Pani 2103 9844 174.12

3 Per Drop More

Crop 1536 2500 31.00

4 Watershed 2298 6704 23.28

5 Convergence 3983 11925 14.00

6 Other Plan 66 - 0.876

Total 9986 30973 243.276

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Content Table - Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana. It is surrounded by Sahebganj & Pakur...

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