Content Area 2Ancient Mediterranean

3500-300 CE

Etruscan (3 works); Rome (8 works)

2

Etruscan Supremacy: 700-509 BCEProvided link between Greek and Roman ArtKEYWORDS: TERRA-COTTA, TUSCAN COLUMNS, TUMULI

Roman Republican Period: 509-27 BCE Begins with overthrowing last Etruscan King and ends with Julius Caesar… Major buildings built more for POLITCAL use than for WORSHIPKEYWORDS: TEMPLES, ARA PACIS, HOMAGE TO RULERSAND ANCESTERS

Early Empire Period: 27 BCE-96 CE KEYWORDS: WALL PAINTINGS, CONCRETE, ARCH, COLOSSEUM

The High Empire: 96-192 CE Five Good Emperors (Trajan, Hadrian, etc.) kept things prosperous and peaceful.KEYWORDS: COLUMN OF TRAJAN, HADRIAN’S WALL, PANTHEON

The Late Empire: 192-337 CEDiocletian had Empire divided into four parts.KEYWORDS: TETRARCHY, ARCH OF CONSTANTINE

31. Temple of Minerva (Veii, near Rome, Italy) and sculpture of Apollo. Master sculptor Vulca.c. 510–500 B.C.E. Original temple of wood, mud brick, or tufa (volcanic rock); terra cotta sculpture.

Etruscan Art: Archaic Period

Apulu (Apollo), from the roof Painted terracotta (baked earth), 5’11”H.

31. Temple of Minerva (Veii, near

Rome, Italy) and sculpture of Apollo.

Master sculptor Vulca.

c. 510–500 B.C.E.

29. Sarcophagus of the Spouses. Etruscan. c. 520 B.C.E. ..6’7”L, Painted terracotta.

32. Tomb of the Triclinium. Tarquinia, Italy. Etruscan. c. 480–470 B.C.E. Tufa and fresco.

40. Alexander Mosaic from the House of Faun, Pompeii. Republican Roman. c. 100 B.C.E. Mosaic. 10’3”x19’

843. Augustus of Prima Porta. Imperial Roman. Early first century C.E. Marble. EARLY EMPIRE ROMAN

Octavian Caesar (the great-nephew and adopted ‘son’ of Julius Caesar) became the first Roman Emperor in 44BC. By 27 BCE, the Senate conferred him the title ‘Augustus’ (meaning ‘exalted’ or ‘sacred’).

For the next 41 years, Augustus Caesar led the empire thru a period of peace and prosperity known as the Pax Romana, or Roman Peace.

The inclusion of Venus’ son, Cupid, is a reminder of Augustus’ divine descent (related to Goddess Venus). Hi quirass also depicts

Imperial portraiture as propaganda!

Imperial Rome

42. Head of a Roman patrician. Republican Roman. c. 75–50 B.C.E. Marble.

39. House of the Vettii. Pompeii, Italy. Imperial Roman. c. second century B.C.E.; rebuilt c. 62–79 C.E. Cut stone and

fresco.

39. House of the Vettii. Pompeii, Italy. Imperial Roman. c. second century B.C.E.; rebuilt c. 62–79 C.E. Cut stone and fresco.

Early Empire PeriodThe Flavian Dynasty consisted of emperors Vespasian, Titus and Domitian (from 69-96 CE). They were known for building some of Rome’s most notable monuments. 160’H. 76 entrances.

44. Colosseum (Flavian Amphitheater). Rome, Italy. Imperial Roman. 70–80 C.E. Stone and concrete. Imperial ROMAN

45. Forum of Trajan. Rome, Italy. Apollodorus of Damascus. Forum and markets: 106–112 C.E.; column completed 113 C.E. Brick and concrete (architecture); marble (column). Basilica Ulpia at left.

45. Forum of Trajan. Rome, Italy. Apollodorus of Damascus. Forum and markets: 106–112 C.E.; column completed 113 C.E. Brick and concrete (architecture); marble (column).

TRAJAN’S COLUMNCelebration of Victory against the Dacians in a spiral frieze of low-relief 625’L, Rome, 112 CE. 125’H.

Trajan, a Spaniard, was the first non-Italian emperor. He was an excellent administrator and soldier and like Augustus, much loved and given the special title of Optimus (the Best).

During his rule, Trajan remodeled the Circus Maximus, built a new bathing complex near the Colosseum, and his elaborate forum among others.

The High Roman Empire

45. Forum of Trajan. Rome, Italy. Apollodorus of Damascus. Forum and markets: 106–112 C.E.; column completed 113 C.E. Brick and concrete

(architecture); marble (column).

46. Pantheon. Imperial Roman. 118–125 C.E. Concrete with stone facing.

47. Ludovisi Battle Sarcophagus. Late Imperial Roman. c. 250 C.E. Marble.