Container Weed Management · – Abundant weed seeds and perennial propagules – Soil is...
Transcript of Container Weed Management · – Abundant weed seeds and perennial propagules – Soil is...
![Page 1: Container Weed Management · – Abundant weed seeds and perennial propagules – Soil is continuous – Irrigated weekly or less – Many postemergence herbicides (directed apps.)](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050611/5fb1e9487e06f26ecc27b6fb/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Container Weed Management
Dr. James Altland
![Page 2: Container Weed Management · – Abundant weed seeds and perennial propagules – Soil is continuous – Irrigated weekly or less – Many postemergence herbicides (directed apps.)](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050611/5fb1e9487e06f26ecc27b6fb/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Container vs. field production
• Containers– No seed bank– Bark substrates are free
of weeds initially– Isolated substrate
volume– Irrigated daily– No postemergence
herbicides– No cultivation
• Field crops– Abundant seed bank– Abundant weed seeds and
perennial propagules– Soil is continuous
– Irrigated weekly or less– Many postemergence
herbicides (directed apps.)– Cultivation equipment is
common and efficient
![Page 3: Container Weed Management · – Abundant weed seeds and perennial propagules – Soil is continuous – Irrigated weekly or less – Many postemergence herbicides (directed apps.)](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050611/5fb1e9487e06f26ecc27b6fb/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Challenges
• Weed control must be preventative– No postemergence herbicides– No mechanized cultivation devices
• Irrigation is difficult– Rates are high– Uniformity and precise application rates are difficult
• High rates of fertility favors weed growth
![Page 4: Container Weed Management · – Abundant weed seeds and perennial propagules – Soil is continuous – Irrigated weekly or less – Many postemergence herbicides (directed apps.)](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050611/5fb1e9487e06f26ecc27b6fb/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Opportunities
• Substrates are initially weed free
• Substrates are low in nitrogen
• Unique container environment only allows for a few select weed species
![Page 5: Container Weed Management · – Abundant weed seeds and perennial propagules – Soil is continuous – Irrigated weekly or less – Many postemergence herbicides (directed apps.)](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050611/5fb1e9487e06f26ecc27b6fb/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
![Page 6: Container Weed Management · – Abundant weed seeds and perennial propagules – Soil is continuous – Irrigated weekly or less – Many postemergence herbicides (directed apps.)](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050611/5fb1e9487e06f26ecc27b6fb/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Container weeds
• Seed have some sort of active dispersal mechanism– Wind-blown– Explosive dehiscence– Splashed with water
• Germinate in low light levels• Germinate in moist environments• Short life cycles• Prolific seed producers
![Page 7: Container Weed Management · – Abundant weed seeds and perennial propagules – Soil is continuous – Irrigated weekly or less – Many postemergence herbicides (directed apps.)](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050611/5fb1e9487e06f26ecc27b6fb/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Container weed management
• Understand weed biology
• Understand how weeds propagate and spread
• Use unique aspects of the container environment to disrupt weed establishment
![Page 8: Container Weed Management · – Abundant weed seeds and perennial propagules – Soil is continuous – Irrigated weekly or less – Many postemergence herbicides (directed apps.)](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050611/5fb1e9487e06f26ecc27b6fb/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Total weed management program
Effective weed control
Herbicide management•Maintain chemical barrier
Sanitation•Weed seed
•Weeds in non-cropland areas
![Page 9: Container Weed Management · – Abundant weed seeds and perennial propagules – Soil is continuous – Irrigated weekly or less – Many postemergence herbicides (directed apps.)](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050611/5fb1e9487e06f26ecc27b6fb/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
![Page 10: Container Weed Management · – Abundant weed seeds and perennial propagules – Soil is continuous – Irrigated weekly or less – Many postemergence herbicides (directed apps.)](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050611/5fb1e9487e06f26ecc27b6fb/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: Container Weed Management · – Abundant weed seeds and perennial propagules – Soil is continuous – Irrigated weekly or less – Many postemergence herbicides (directed apps.)](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050611/5fb1e9487e06f26ecc27b6fb/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
![Page 12: Container Weed Management · – Abundant weed seeds and perennial propagules – Soil is continuous – Irrigated weekly or less – Many postemergence herbicides (directed apps.)](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050611/5fb1e9487e06f26ecc27b6fb/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
![Page 13: Container Weed Management · – Abundant weed seeds and perennial propagules – Soil is continuous – Irrigated weekly or less – Many postemergence herbicides (directed apps.)](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050611/5fb1e9487e06f26ecc27b6fb/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
![Page 14: Container Weed Management · – Abundant weed seeds and perennial propagules – Soil is continuous – Irrigated weekly or less – Many postemergence herbicides (directed apps.)](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050611/5fb1e9487e06f26ecc27b6fb/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
![Page 15: Container Weed Management · – Abundant weed seeds and perennial propagules – Soil is continuous – Irrigated weekly or less – Many postemergence herbicides (directed apps.)](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050611/5fb1e9487e06f26ecc27b6fb/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Sanitation
• No seed bank in containers
• Containers placed on gravel• Complete vegetation suppression• No erosion concerns
• We can prevent the occurrence of weed seeds in containers
![Page 16: Container Weed Management · – Abundant weed seeds and perennial propagules – Soil is continuous – Irrigated weekly or less – Many postemergence herbicides (directed apps.)](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050611/5fb1e9487e06f26ecc27b6fb/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
![Page 17: Container Weed Management · – Abundant weed seeds and perennial propagules – Soil is continuous – Irrigated weekly or less – Many postemergence herbicides (directed apps.)](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050611/5fb1e9487e06f26ecc27b6fb/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Sanitation
• Many weeds come in infested liners
• Weed control in propagation houses is difficult
• Many weed infestations come from liners!!!!– Pearlwort– Creeping woodsorrel
![Page 18: Container Weed Management · – Abundant weed seeds and perennial propagules – Soil is continuous – Irrigated weekly or less – Many postemergence herbicides (directed apps.)](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050611/5fb1e9487e06f26ecc27b6fb/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
![Page 19: Container Weed Management · – Abundant weed seeds and perennial propagules – Soil is continuous – Irrigated weekly or less – Many postemergence herbicides (directed apps.)](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050611/5fb1e9487e06f26ecc27b6fb/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
![Page 20: Container Weed Management · – Abundant weed seeds and perennial propagules – Soil is continuous – Irrigated weekly or less – Many postemergence herbicides (directed apps.)](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050611/5fb1e9487e06f26ecc27b6fb/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Cultural practices
• Fertilization
• Irrigation
• Substrate selection
![Page 21: Container Weed Management · – Abundant weed seeds and perennial propagules – Soil is continuous – Irrigated weekly or less – Many postemergence herbicides (directed apps.)](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050611/5fb1e9487e06f26ecc27b6fb/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Cultural practices - fertilization
• Seed of container weeds are small.
• Seeds must germinate close to the container surface.
• Seed require available nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K).
![Page 22: Container Weed Management · – Abundant weed seeds and perennial propagules – Soil is continuous – Irrigated weekly or less – Many postemergence herbicides (directed apps.)](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050611/5fb1e9487e06f26ecc27b6fb/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Cultural practices - fertilization
• Seed deprived of N, P, or K will fail to germinate, or germinate poorly.
![Page 23: Container Weed Management · – Abundant weed seeds and perennial propagules – Soil is continuous – Irrigated weekly or less – Many postemergence herbicides (directed apps.)](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050611/5fb1e9487e06f26ecc27b6fb/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
![Page 24: Container Weed Management · – Abundant weed seeds and perennial propagules – Soil is continuous – Irrigated weekly or less – Many postemergence herbicides (directed apps.)](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050611/5fb1e9487e06f26ecc27b6fb/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
![Page 25: Container Weed Management · – Abundant weed seeds and perennial propagules – Soil is continuous – Irrigated weekly or less – Many postemergence herbicides (directed apps.)](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050611/5fb1e9487e06f26ecc27b6fb/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Fertilizer placement• Container growers use 1 of 3 fertilizer placements for
CRFs
• Topdress, dibble, incorporated
![Page 26: Container Weed Management · – Abundant weed seeds and perennial propagules – Soil is continuous – Irrigated weekly or less – Many postemergence herbicides (directed apps.)](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050611/5fb1e9487e06f26ecc27b6fb/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Fertilizer placement
![Page 27: Container Weed Management · – Abundant weed seeds and perennial propagules – Soil is continuous – Irrigated weekly or less – Many postemergence herbicides (directed apps.)](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050611/5fb1e9487e06f26ecc27b6fb/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
![Page 28: Container Weed Management · – Abundant weed seeds and perennial propagules – Soil is continuous – Irrigated weekly or less – Many postemergence herbicides (directed apps.)](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050611/5fb1e9487e06f26ecc27b6fb/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Guidelines for dibbling
• Trial on each crop first• Use only homogenous blends of CRFs• Use only CRFs with release of 8-9 month or
longer• Only use when potting in spring or early
summer– Do not use when potting in fall.
![Page 29: Container Weed Management · – Abundant weed seeds and perennial propagules – Soil is continuous – Irrigated weekly or less – Many postemergence herbicides (directed apps.)](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050611/5fb1e9487e06f26ecc27b6fb/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Cultural practices - Irrigation
• Over-watering crops decreases weed control.
– Increased moisture increases chances of seed germination and survival.
– Excess water increases microbial activity, and microbes degrade herbicides.
![Page 30: Container Weed Management · – Abundant weed seeds and perennial propagules – Soil is continuous – Irrigated weekly or less – Many postemergence herbicides (directed apps.)](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050611/5fb1e9487e06f26ecc27b6fb/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
![Page 31: Container Weed Management · – Abundant weed seeds and perennial propagules – Soil is continuous – Irrigated weekly or less – Many postemergence herbicides (directed apps.)](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050611/5fb1e9487e06f26ecc27b6fb/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
![Page 32: Container Weed Management · – Abundant weed seeds and perennial propagules – Soil is continuous – Irrigated weekly or less – Many postemergence herbicides (directed apps.)](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050611/5fb1e9487e06f26ecc27b6fb/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Efficient irrigation
• Requires– Precise application rates
• How much water should you apply?• When do you apply it?
– Uniform irrigation• This is a major limiting factor to efficient irrigation
![Page 33: Container Weed Management · – Abundant weed seeds and perennial propagules – Soil is continuous – Irrigated weekly or less – Many postemergence herbicides (directed apps.)](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050611/5fb1e9487e06f26ecc27b6fb/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
![Page 34: Container Weed Management · – Abundant weed seeds and perennial propagules – Soil is continuous – Irrigated weekly or less – Many postemergence herbicides (directed apps.)](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050611/5fb1e9487e06f26ecc27b6fb/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
![Page 35: Container Weed Management · – Abundant weed seeds and perennial propagules – Soil is continuous – Irrigated weekly or less – Many postemergence herbicides (directed apps.)](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050611/5fb1e9487e06f26ecc27b6fb/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Uniform irrigation
• Easy with pressure compensating micro-emitters– Large containers
• Difficult with overhead irrigation
• Without uniformity, efficient overhead irrigation is unlikely
![Page 36: Container Weed Management · – Abundant weed seeds and perennial propagules – Soil is continuous – Irrigated weekly or less – Many postemergence herbicides (directed apps.)](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050611/5fb1e9487e06f26ecc27b6fb/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
![Page 37: Container Weed Management · – Abundant weed seeds and perennial propagules – Soil is continuous – Irrigated weekly or less – Many postemergence herbicides (directed apps.)](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050611/5fb1e9487e06f26ecc27b6fb/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Substrate selection
• Select a media that will dry quickly on the container surface.
• When container surface dries quickly:– Weeds grow poorly.– Liverwort suffers.– Herbicides persist longer.
![Page 38: Container Weed Management · – Abundant weed seeds and perennial propagules – Soil is continuous – Irrigated weekly or less – Many postemergence herbicides (directed apps.)](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050611/5fb1e9487e06f26ecc27b6fb/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Pearlwort• Substrate particle size
– Seed are very small.– When coarse substrate is used, seeds fall too deep in
pores, cannot germinate.
![Page 39: Container Weed Management · – Abundant weed seeds and perennial propagules – Soil is continuous – Irrigated weekly or less – Many postemergence herbicides (directed apps.)](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050611/5fb1e9487e06f26ecc27b6fb/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Mulch products
• Disks– Plastic weed lid– Coco disk– Geotextile disk
• Loose fill– Sawdust– Biotop– Bark chips
![Page 40: Container Weed Management · – Abundant weed seeds and perennial propagules – Soil is continuous – Irrigated weekly or less – Many postemergence herbicides (directed apps.)](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050611/5fb1e9487e06f26ecc27b6fb/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Coco disk• Made from coconut husks
• Similar to other disks
• More forgiving to plants without single stems
• Excellent weed control
• $0.09 / #1 container
![Page 41: Container Weed Management · – Abundant weed seeds and perennial propagules – Soil is continuous – Irrigated weekly or less – Many postemergence herbicides (directed apps.)](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050611/5fb1e9487e06f26ecc27b6fb/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
![Page 42: Container Weed Management · – Abundant weed seeds and perennial propagules – Soil is continuous – Irrigated weekly or less – Many postemergence herbicides (directed apps.)](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050611/5fb1e9487e06f26ecc27b6fb/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Sawdust• Cheap• Readily available• Provides control for
several months• Easy to apply• Removes N from
container surface• Starves weeds on
container surface• Less than $0.01 / #1
container
![Page 43: Container Weed Management · – Abundant weed seeds and perennial propagules – Soil is continuous – Irrigated weekly or less – Many postemergence herbicides (directed apps.)](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050611/5fb1e9487e06f26ecc27b6fb/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
![Page 44: Container Weed Management · – Abundant weed seeds and perennial propagules – Soil is continuous – Irrigated weekly or less – Many postemergence herbicides (directed apps.)](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050611/5fb1e9487e06f26ecc27b6fb/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Container mulch characteristics
• Coarse– Hold little water– Dries quickly after irrigation
• Little or no available N– Avoid compost
• Resist decomposition
• Locally available and cheap
![Page 45: Container Weed Management · – Abundant weed seeds and perennial propagules – Soil is continuous – Irrigated weekly or less – Many postemergence herbicides (directed apps.)](https://reader034.fdocuments.net/reader034/viewer/2022050611/5fb1e9487e06f26ecc27b6fb/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Summary
• Herbicides alone will only be marginally effective
• Sanitation is your most powerful tool
• Understand weed biology (there aren’t many)
• Use sanitation and cultural practices to limit success of weed spread and growth