Consuming livestock: food security, climate change ... · Intensive vs. extensive debate • High...
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World Society for the Protection of Animals
Consuming livestock: food security,climate change, livelihoods and animal
welfare
Basia Romanowicz
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World Society for the Protection of Animals
About WSPA
• International organisation working to improveanimal welfare globally
• Priority areas: humane & sustainableagriculture, disaster management, inhumaneculling
• Humane slaughter programme in China• Engagement in food policy, climate change and
food safety and security debate
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World Society for the Protection of Animals
contents
• The vital role of farming and animals• Trends and impacts• Why welfare really counts• Solutions for producers• Solutions for consumers• Achieving change
1. Vital role of livestock2. Trends in livestock production3. Implications for animal welfare4. Why welfare really counts5. Trends in consumer behaviour
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World Society for the Protection of Animals
• 500 million smallholder farmersproduce 80% of food consumed inthe developing world
• 1 billion people depend onlivestock for food, income,transport, status etc
• Importance in developed countries(protein, employment, landscapes& culture)
Importance of agriculture and livestock
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World Society for the Protection of Animals
Livestock intensification
• 60 billion animals worldwide
• Estimated that animalproduction needs to double by2050
• Major growth in industrialsystems
• Whatʼs the globalenvironmental, health andeconomic impact
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World Society for the Protection of Animals
Current livestock impacts – all set toincrease• Climate change - 18% global GHG• Land use – >30% of crops fed to livestock• Health – 75% of new diseases• Environment – 7% water use• Biodiversity - 23 out of 35 biodiversity hotspots
at risk
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World Society for the Protection of Animals
What is needed for good welfare?The 5 Freedoms:Freedom:• from hunger and thirst• from pain, injury and disease• from fear and distress• from discomfort• to express normal behaviour
Good welfare depends on:• Genetics• Environment• Disease control• Nutrition• Management and stockmanship
Welfare can be bad in any system if management is poor..
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World Society for the Protection of Animals
Sows in farrowing cratescannot:
•Turn round•Lie down comfortably•Perform natural behaviours•Interact naturally withpiglets
Growings pigs:•Little space•Barren environment•Tail docked
Copyright:CIWF
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World Society for the Protection of Animals
Laying hens• In battery cages, hens cannot perform
important natural behaviours such as dustbathing, scratching for food or even stretchtheir wings
Copyright:CIWF
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World Society for the Protection of Animals
Broiler chickens• Bred for fast growth• High levels of lameness and poor health• Lack of space and poor environment
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World Society for the Protection of Animals
Higher welfare systems: Pigs
Free-rangesystem
Indoor bedded pigsystem
Copyright: CIWF
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World Society for the Protection of Animals
Higher welfare systems: Hens
Hens dust-bathing
Free-rangesystems
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World Society for the Protection of Animals
Higher welfare systems: broilers
RSPCA higher welfare indoorsystem:•Slower growing birds•Lower stocking density
Free-rangesystems
Copyright:CIWF
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World Society for the Protection of Animals
Sustainability and animal welfare:why welfare really counts
Ecology
Economics Ethics
Welfare centred production systems are central tosustainability – the ʻwin win winʼ scenario.
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World Society for the Protection of Animals
Creating humane sustainableproduction
• Integrate crop and animalfarming, boost nutrientrecycling, lower importedfeed
• Lower stocking densities• Greater resilience• Marketing chains that create
value along the chain• Use of livestock breeds
suitable for local conditionse.g Beijing Oil chicken
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World Society for the Protection of Animals
Beijing Oil chicken•• Dual purpose breed (eggs and meat)Dual purpose breed (eggs and meat)•• Free-range systemFree-range system•• Commercial scale: 1% BeijingCommercial scale: 1% Beijingʼ̓s eggss eggs
Copyright:CIWF
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World Society for the Protection of Animals
Case for high welfare & sustainableproduction
High input/output: animal welfareand productivity impacts
Improving health and welfare canreduce costs and raise profits
Improving health & welfare can alsoreduce environmental impact
Carbon sequestration fromgrassland
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World Society for the Protection of Animals
Mitigation measures proposed
• Reducing consumption of meat and dairy• Carbon sequestration• Renewable energy• Changes to animal feeding• Changes to animal breeding
• Measures should be assessed for animal welfareimpacts
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World Society for the Protection of Animals
Intensive vs. extensive debate
• High welfare farming can have environmentalbenefits
• But not in every sense e.g slow growing chicken= more carbon
• Need to consider all environmental and socialimpacts (pollution, water use, biodiversity,animal welfare etc.)
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World Society for the Protection of Animals
Consumer trends in UK & Europe
• High interest in ʻgreenʼ and high welfare food• Animal welfare top ethical consideration in UK
(ahead of carbon impact) (Mintel, 2010)• Main consumer concerns: health, food safety,
quality, price, ethical issues• A number of drivers for choosing welfare e.g
Hellmans mayonnaise
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World Society for the Protection of AnimalsConsumer demand for cage-free eggs
Source: Agra CEAS (2006)
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World Society for the Protection of Animals
China: A universal concern for farm animalwelfare
How important is the treatment of farm animalsin our country for you personally?
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CHINA BRAZIL EUROPE
Very/fairlyNot very/not at all
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World Society for the Protection of Animals
China: A universal demand from citizens formore information
Would you like to be informed about the conditionsIn which animals are farmed in our country?
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CHINA BRAZIL EUROPE
Great deal/fair amountNot much/not at all
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World Society for the Protection of Animals
Future trends
• Chinese consumers purchasing more ʻgreenʼ andorganic products
• Consumer concerns about food safety• Important role of food companies• Rise in demand and availability of higher welfare food• What will be the trade-offs between animal welfare and
environment?
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World Society for the Protection of Animals
Conclusions
• Animal welfare key element of sustainable farming• Animal welfare needs to be included in environmental
policy• Measures to reduce impacts should be assessed for
welfare impacts• Manage unsustainable demand for animal products• Research and development to support humane &
sustainable agriculture
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World Society for the Protection of Animals
Thank You