Consumer Care - BYK Additives & Instruments · free-flowing & relative simple consumer care...

Consumer CareAdditives for Home Care & Personal Care Products

Technical Information B-RI 19


Consumer Care –

additives for Home Care & Personal Care Products

Contents

Rheology within Consumer Care Products Page 3

BYK Layered Silicate and Nonionic Polymer Basics Page 4

Aqueous Phase Additive Product Technology Page 6

Non-aqueous Phase Additive Product Technology Page 8

How to Use Our Products Page 9

Application Guide Page 10

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Today’s consumer is increasingly demanding of functional and cost effective home care and personal care products. In almost every case, rheology plays a critical role in the look, feel, application performance, stability, and cost effectiveness of the end product. BYK can help you to design the optimal rheological solution with our range of additives and years of technical experience.

What is rheology? Rheology is the science of the deformation and flow of materials. The most common means of characterizing the rheology of consumer care products is by way of viscosity under a given set of conditions. Viscosity is a measure of the resistance to flow when a material is subjected to a shear force, and defined by the following relationship: Viscosity = shear stress/rate of applied shear

The more resistant a material is to flow, the greater the viscosity. Materials where shear stress is directly proportional to shear rate are defined as Newtonian. Newtonian behavior is typical of very free-flowing & relative simple consumer care products such as nail polish remover. Figure 1 illustrates an example of Newtonian flow behavior.

More typical of formulated consumer care products is that viscosity varies quite dramatically with shear rate. Materials that demonstrate a decrease in viscosity as a function of shear rate are described as pseudoplastic, or shear thinning. Pseudoplasticity allows for the easy application of products that otherwise resist flow in the resting state. This allows for a product to have a desirable rich look within the container, resist spillage and uncontrolled flow during application, but also provide easy distribution over surfaces during application. A classic example of this behavior is toothpaste. This is also an important feature for cleaning products that require good spray-ability, but otherwise “cling” on vertical and inverted surfaces. Figure 1 also depicts pseudoplastic flow.

rheology within Consumer Care Products

rheology Profiles

X Pseudoplastic Flow X Newtonian Flow figure 1

shear rate (1/sec)

Vis

cosi

ty (

mPa

s-se

cs)

10-3 10-2 10-1 1 10 102 103 104

105

104

103

102

10

1

10-1

Thixotropic rheology Profile

figure 2

shear rate (1/sec)

Vis

cosi

ty (

mPa

s-se

cs)

10-3 10-2 10-1 1 10 102 103 104

105

104

103

102

10

1

10-1


Yield Value and application related to Viscosity/shear rate

figure 3

shear rate (1/sec)

Vis

cosi

ty (

mPa

s-se

cs)

10-3 10-2 10-1 1 10 102 103 104

105

104

103

102

10

1

10-1

Yield Point

Settling Transport Packaged Look & Feel Application Hand, Brush, Spray

Thixotropy is a more complicated case of shear thinning flow where viscosity is a function of the time that a force has been applied to the material. The recovery of the original resting state viscosity is not instantaneous when the force is removed. This slow recover allows for flow and leveling. Examples of this are nail polish and lipstick applications where smooth and glossy surfaces are much desired. Figure 2 depicts thixotropic flow behavior.

Plastic flow requires that a minimum shear stress be applied to a material before flow will commence. Below this threshold, the product remains in an elastic state akin to a soft rubber ball. This point where flow begins is also known as the Yield Value. Yield Value is an important rheological attribute within a broad range of consumer care products. The suspension of pigments, fillers, and beads requires Yield Value. Yield Value can also play a key role in thermal stability of emulsions by helping to prevent flocculation and phase separation. Figure 3 is a simplified depiction of Yield Value, and illustrates the range of shear rates critical to consumer care products.

Yield Value can also be strain amplitude dependant. This is to say that even

if significant energy is applied to the system, flow will not begin until the physical displacement or disturbance achieves a critical minimum. This is a relatively unusual rheological attribute that is characteristic of layered silicate networks. This attribute becomes advantageous in consumer care products where stability is required for end-products exposed to vibration

during shipping. Although the vibration can be of relatively high energy, it’s typically insufficient in amplitude to induce fluidity that might result in settling of pigments or the flocculation of an emulsion.

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5


BYK Layered silicate and nonionic Polymer Basics

Layered silicates are a broad and varied family of materials that are better known as “clays.” The range of products offered by BYK falls within the smectite family of swelling clays. These materials – LAPONITE synthetic layered silicates and GELWHITE, MINERAL COLLOId, BENTOLITE and TIxOGEL bentonite natural layered silicates – are characterized as negatively charged thin & plate-like particles with an equal proportion of positively charged counter-ions. In the non-dispersed or dry state (powder), the plates are stacked akin to a deck of cards that are combined to form macroscopic aggregates. When fully dispersed, the primary particles are separated to generate a colloidal dispersion. The individual particles can re-associate in solution to form a network which results in rheology. This network of associated particles provides Yield Value and thixotropic flow behavior in formulated consumer care products. FIGURE 4 illustrates the idealistic dry state, dispersed “sol” state and network “gel” formation state.

It should be noted that quite often the “best” rheological solutions involve combinations of layered silicates and polymeric rheological additives. In general, it is the anionically charged polymers that provide synergy with the anionically charged particles. Within the range of polymeric rheology additives, xanthan Gum, Carboxymethyl Cellulose and high molecular weight acrylates provide such synergy. These combinations often lead to the most cost effective system, in addition to providing broader formulating latitude.

The ability to disperse our layered silicates in various solvents is a direct function of the counter ion. Sodium counter-ion dominated layered silicates disperse in water with relative ease, with the extreme example being LAPONITE additives. Sodium and calcium counter-ion derived natural silicates require shear and heat to drive plate separation. If the sodium and/

or calcium is replaced with an organic derived cation (such a quaternary ammonium chloride surfactant), the layered silicate can be made to disperse in non-aqueous systems. The range of TIxOGEL products are specifically designed for dispersion in common anhydrous oils used in personal care products.

Although we at BYK are basic in layered silicate technology, we also offer a unique line of polymeric rheological additives. The PURE THIx line of products is a range of nonionic polymers derived from a backbone of polyethylene oxide decorated with hydrophobes. The polyethylene oxide backbone provides excellent water

Clay Particles – Different state of Interaction

figure 4

dry Powder Macroscopic Aggregates

solubility, and it is the hydrophobes that are critical for rheology development. The hydrophobes “associate” with themselves, pigment surfaces, and emulsion droplets to form a network. It is this network which leads to rheology. Unlike the layered silicate network that typically provides “shortening” like rheology, the PURE THIx polymer network provides more “honey-like” viscous flow. This flow can be shear thinning or nearly Newtonian, but does not provide any measurable yield value. PURE THIx polymers can be used in conjunction with clay or other polymer rheological additives to dial-in the target flow behavior of a finished product. Figure 5 is an idealistic illustration of a PURE THIx polymer network.

dispersed “Sol” State Free-Flowing dispersion

dispersed “Gel”State Edge to Edge

Interaction

The Pure THIX Polymer network structure

Hydrophobe Junction

Water Soluble Backbone

Hydrophobic End Groups Pigment or Emulsion Particles figure 5

6


aqueous Phase additive Product Technology

LAPONITE additives are entirely “synthetic” layered silicates that closely resemble the natural clay mineral hectorite both in structure and composition. Hectorite is also a smectite clay. The synthesis process involves combining salts of sodium, magnesium and lithium with sodium silicates at carefully controlled rates and temperature. This produces an amorphous precipitate, which is then partially crystallized by a high temperature treatment. The resulting product is filtered, washed, dried and milled to produce a fine white powder. When placed in water, the LAPONITE powder rapidly delaminates into a clear colloidal dispersion. LAPONITE additives have excellent synergy with a range of anionic polymeric co-thickeners (CMC, HASE, Carbomer and polyacrylates). LAPONITE additives provide a very high unit yield value and a very high degree of pseudoplasticity. LAPONITE additives are ideal for emulsion suspension stability, and for cleaning products that require good spray-ability and cling without sagging or dripping.

LaPonITe XLG maximal rheology in personal care applications

LaPonITe XL21 optimized pH stability in personal care applications

LaPonITe XLs optimal dispersion and open time in personal care applications

LaPonITe rD maximal rheology in home care applications

LaPonITe rDs optimal dispersion in hard water and maximal open time in home care applications

The GELWHITE product line is produced from bentonite that is mined from some of the whitest deposits in the world. The mined bentonite is subjected to a proprietary wet refining process that removes all natural contamination to produce an extremely pure “refined” smectite. Through this refining process, the GELWHITE additives attain a brightness and whiteness level far in excess of most competitive products. Since GELWHITE additives do not add undesirable tint to formulations, the use of white pigments may be reduced in some formulations, and colored pigments are truer in color in other formulations. GELWHITE products also behave in a synergistic manner with anionic polymeric co-thickeners, and to high pH conditions found in many home care product applications.

GeLwHITe L low viscosity for maximal loading in muds and masks

GeLwHITe H high viscosity / work-horse in personal care products

GeLwHITe GP highest viscosity

The MINERAL COLLOId product line is manufactured from selectively mined bentonite deposits that have been identified for their unique rheology properties. The mined bentonite is subjected to a proprietary wet refining process to produce an extremely pure “refined” smectite. The MINERAL COLLOId products have very high water viscosities and demonstrate good synergy with a range of polymer and gum based co-thickeners. MINERAL COLLOId additives are effective in formulations that require high viscosity in unusually high or low pH systems, or systems containing appreciable electrolyte.

mIneraL CoLLoID BP

work-horse with excellent response to harsh conditions (extreme pH and high electrolyte or builder levels)

mIneraL CoLLoID mo

maximal yield stress in a range of home care product applications

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The BENTOLITE product line is produced from two of the world’s purest bentonite deposits. These “natural” bentonites are scrutinized during the exploration and mining processes to ensure that only the highest purity and lowest iron proportions of the deposits are brought to the plant for further processing. Once at the plant, the ore is subjected to processing to lower the iron content of the final product even further. BENTOLITE products are ideal for applications that are cost sensitive.

BenToLITe H most cost effective clay for high fill muds and masks.

BenToLITe L lighter colored and cost effective

Pure THIX 1450 Newtonian flow with very high salt tolerance

Pure THIX 1442 maximal rheology in personal care and surfactant containing personal cleansers

Pure THIX HH easy to use 20 % aqueous solution of PURE THIx 1442 with butylene glycol

The PURE THIx product line is a range of synthetically polymerized hydrophically modified polyether polymers. The unique structure of these polymers, extremely hydrophilic backbone decorated with a minimum of critical hydrophobes and a relatively low overall molecular weight, results in a high degree of water solubility to allow for crystal clear and color free end-products. The chemistry is such that a very broad range of hydrophobe options are possible, to include mixed systems. This allows for the polymer to be exactly matched to a specific end-use system. Unlike most anionic polymeric thickeners, the rheology afforded by the PURE THIx products is not as sensitive to pH or electrolyte loading (rheology is not hydrodynamic volume driven). As with the layered silicate product lines, the PURE THIx products work well in conjunction with other co-thickeners to allow for efficient and tailored rheology.

The BENTOLITE products are frequently used for their combination of rheology contribution and adsorption behavior in applications such as muds & masks.

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The TIxOGEL product line is produced from carefully selected nature sodium bentonite. Only a small proportion of all the bentonite in the world is suitable for the production of TIxOGEL additives, and BYK searches the globe to find the most suitable bentonite. TIxOGEL products are “organically modified” clays that are produced by reacting organic cations, such as a quaternary ammonium chloride with refined bentonite. The reaction changes the nature of the clay from hydrophilic to hydrophobic. The quaternary ammonium surfactants are derived from vegetable based sources so that these clays can be used in all personal care product applications. TIxOGEL products are suitable for providing various rheology characteristics to solvent-borne or oil based formulations.

TIXoGeL VPV specifically designed for non-polar non-aqueous systems.

TIXoGeL VZV specifically designed for polar non-aqueous systems.

TIXoGeL LG-m optimized for rheology in butyl acetate.

non-aqueous Phase additive Product Technology

TIxOGEL “gel” products are easy to use pre-dispersions of TIxOGEL organoclay within a range of common personal care and cosmetic oils and solvents. The resultant gels are optimally tuned in terms of the “activator” used to maximize efficiency, and the conditions required to ensure optimal dispersion of the clay. By use of these gels, the formulator can be assured of a high degree of reproducibility. In addition to the clay based products, BYK also offers gels derived from our RHEOCIN product and from special grades of polyethylene.

TIXoGeL clay based gels

TIXoGeL rHeoCIn based gels

TIXoGeL polyethylene based gels

Our RHEOCIN product is hydrogenated castor oil. This material provides a very high degree of thixotropy in non-polar oils such as silicone and isododecane. When used in high concentration, it can act as a stiffening agent in underarm stick antiperspirant/deodorants or in lipstick applications. In addition to the rheological benefits, RHEOCIN additive is a film former that will aid in water repellency. Unlike clay, RHEOCIN additive does not provide high temperature stability or any appreciable yield stress at typical use levels.

rHeoCIn hydrogenated castor oil

unique & easy to use thixotropy agent

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How to use our Products

Although our range of products can be highly efficient, it is important to understand that the proper incorporation is critical to success in use. The information below is designed to give the formulator the basic information necessary to get started and ensure efficient use of our materials.

aqueous Based Products

First Component

Heat Dispersive shear

Dispersion Time (min)

Chemical activation

Comments

LaPonITe xLG, Rd Yes Room Temp Low 20 No Optimized for rheology, good synergy with anionic polymeric rheology additives

xL21 Yes Room Temp Low 20 No Best stability for pH less than 6.5

xLS, RdS Yes Room Temp Low 20 No Provide maximum open time, and allows for minimum free-water

GeLwHITe, mIneraL CoLLoID and BenToLITe

Additives Yes Helpful High 30 No Acid, base and electrolyte will have a positive impact of efficiency

Pure THIX 1442 No Helpful Low Variable No Best to add after surfactants

1450 No Helpful Low Variable No High electrolyte tolerance and newtonian flow

HH No No Low Variable No Easy to use solution

non-aqueous Products

First Component

Heat Dispersive shear

Dispersion Time (min)

Chemical activation

Comments

TIXoGeL orGanoCLaY

VPV Yes Helpful High 30 Propylene Carbonate

Non-polar oils

VZV Yes Helpful High 30 Propylene Carbonate

Polar oils

LG-M Yes Helpful High 30 Propylene Carbonate

Specifically designed for butyl acetate

TIXoGeL GeL Clay based gels No Room Temp Medium 10 No Can be added at any point in formulation

RHEOCIN based gels

No Room Temp Medium 10 No do not heat over 70 °C

Polyethylene gels

No Helpful Medium 10 No Easy incorporation of difficult to disperse polyethylene wax

rHeoCIn Additives No 50 °C max Moderate 20 No Overheating will result in loss of rheology

figure 6

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application Guide

natural Clays organoclay Gels Trihydroxystearin

LaPonITe GeLwHITe mIneraL CoLLoID

BenTonLITe Pure THIX TIXoGeL TIXoGeL rHeoCIn

Home Care applications XLG XLs XL21 rD rDs L H BP mo H L 1442 1450 HH VPV VZV LG-m Home Care applications Lan 1563 IDD 1538

VsP 1438

FTn 1564

oms 1562

CCT 6030

IIn 1578

mIo 1584

PeC 1414

IDP 1388

rCm 1357

rHeoCIn

Liquid Automatic dish detergent X X X X Liquid Automatic dish detergent

Oven Cleaner X X Oven Cleaner

Hard Surface Cleaner with Bleach X X X Hard Surface Cleaner with Bleach

Liquid Abrasive Cleaner X X X X Liquid Abrasive Cleaner

Liquid Abrasive Cleaner with Bleach X X X Liquid Abrasive Cleaner with Bleach

Liquid Cream Cleaner X X X X Liquid Cream Cleaner

Liquid Cream Cleaner with Bleach X X X Liquid Cream Cleaner with Bleach

Caustic Cleaners and degreasers X X X Caustic Cleaners and degreasers

dripless Window Cleaner X dripless Window Cleaner

Toilet Bowl Cleaner X X X Toilet Bowl Cleaner

Abrasive Hand Cleanser X X Abrasive Hand Cleanser

Liquid Laundry detergent Y Y Liquid Laundry detergent

Liquid dish detergent Y Y Liquid dish detergent

Automotive Tire dressing X Automotive Tire dressing

Water-borne Automotive Polish X X X X Water-borne Automotive Polish

Solvent-borne Automotive Polish X Solvent-borne Automotive Polish

Chrome Cleaner X Chrome Cleaner

Windshield de-icer X Windshield de-icer

Personal Care XLG XLs XL21 rD rDs L H BP mo H L 1442 1450 HH VPV VZV LG-m Personal Care Lan 1563 IDD 1538

VsP 1438

FTn 1564

oms 1562

CCT 6030

IIn 1578

mIo 1584

PeC 1414

IDP 1388

rCm 1357

rHeoCIn

Lotions X X X X X X X X X Lotions X X X X X X X X X X X

Creams X X X X X X X X X Creams X X X X X X X X X X X

Masks X X X X Masks X X X X

Scrubs/Cleansers X X X X X X X Scrubs/Cleansers X X X X X X X

Hand Cleansers Y Y Y Y Hand Cleansers

Shampoos Y Y Y Y X X X Shampoos

Body Wash Y Y Y Y X X X Body Wash

Conditioners X X X Conditioners X

Mascara X X X X X X X X X Mascara X X X X X X X X

Foundations X X X X X X X Foundations X X X X X X X X X X X

Liquid Makeup X X X X X X X X Liquid Makeup X X X X X X X X X X X

Eye Pencils X X X Eye Pencils X X X X X X X

Lipstick X X Lipstick X X X X X X X X X X

Lip Gloss X X X Lip Gloss X X X X X X X

Nail Lacquer X Nail Lacquer

Sunscreens X X X X X X X X X X Sunscreens X X X X X X X

Hair Styling Gels Y Y Y Y X X X Hair Styling Gels X X X X

AP Stick X X AP Stick X X X X

AP Aerosol X X AP Aerosol X X

AP Roll-on X X AP Roll-on X X X

deodorant Soft Solid X X X X deodorant Soft Solid

X Recommended Y In conjunction with anionic co-thickeners figure 7

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natural Clays organoclay Gels Trihydroxystearin

LaPonITe GeLwHITe mIneraL CoLLoID

BenTonLITe Pure THIX TIXoGeL TIXoGeL rHeoCIn

Home Care applications XLG XLs XL21 rD rDs L H BP mo H L 1442 1450 HH VPV VZV LG-m Home Care applications Lan 1563 IDD 1538

VsP 1438

FTn 1564

oms 1562

CCT 6030

IIn 1578

mIo 1584

PeC 1414

IDP 1388

rCm 1357

rHeoCIn

Liquid Automatic dish detergent X X X X Liquid Automatic dish detergent

Oven Cleaner X X Oven Cleaner

Hard Surface Cleaner with Bleach X X X Hard Surface Cleaner with Bleach

Liquid Abrasive Cleaner X X X X Liquid Abrasive Cleaner

Liquid Abrasive Cleaner with Bleach X X X Liquid Abrasive Cleaner with Bleach

Liquid Cream Cleaner X X X X Liquid Cream Cleaner

Liquid Cream Cleaner with Bleach X X X Liquid Cream Cleaner with Bleach

Caustic Cleaners and degreasers X X X Caustic Cleaners and degreasers

dripless Window Cleaner X dripless Window Cleaner

Toilet Bowl Cleaner X X X Toilet Bowl Cleaner

Abrasive Hand Cleanser X X Abrasive Hand Cleanser

Liquid Laundry detergent Y Y Liquid Laundry detergent

Liquid dish detergent Y Y Liquid dish detergent

Automotive Tire dressing X Automotive Tire dressing

Water-borne Automotive Polish X X X X Water-borne Automotive Polish

Solvent-borne Automotive Polish X Solvent-borne Automotive Polish

Chrome Cleaner X Chrome Cleaner

Windshield de-icer X Windshield de-icer

Personal Care XLG XLs XL21 rD rDs L H BP mo H L 1442 1450 HH VPV VZV LG-m Personal Care Lan 1563 IDD 1538

VsP 1438

FTn 1564

oms 1562

CCT 6030

IIn 1578

mIo 1584

PeC 1414

IDP 1388

rCm 1357

rHeoCIn

Lotions X X X X X X X X X Lotions X X X X X X X X X X X

Creams X X X X X X X X X Creams X X X X X X X X X X X

Masks X X X X Masks X X X X

Scrubs/Cleansers X X X X X X X Scrubs/Cleansers X X X X X X X

Hand Cleansers Y Y Y Y Hand Cleansers

Shampoos Y Y Y Y X X X Shampoos

Body Wash Y Y Y Y X X X Body Wash

Conditioners X X X Conditioners X

Mascara X X X X X X X X X Mascara X X X X X X X X

Foundations X X X X X X X Foundations X X X X X X X X X X X

Liquid Makeup X X X X X X X X Liquid Makeup X X X X X X X X X X X

Eye Pencils X X X Eye Pencils X X X X X X X

Lipstick X X Lipstick X X X X X X X X X X

Lip Gloss X X X Lip Gloss X X X X X X X

Nail Lacquer X Nail Lacquer

Sunscreens X X X X X X X X X X Sunscreens X X X X X X X

Hair Styling Gels Y Y Y Y X X X Hair Styling Gels X X X X

AP Stick X X AP Stick X X X X

AP Aerosol X X AP Aerosol X X

AP Roll-on X X AP Roll-on X X X

deodorant Soft Solid X X X X deodorant Soft Solid

X Recommended Y In conjunction with anionic co-thickeners figure 7


12/2

013

Products and applications

ACTAL®, AdJUST-4®, AdVITROL®, BENTOLITE®, CLAYTONE®, CLOISITE®, COPISIL®, FULACOLOR®, FULCAT®, FULGEL®,FULMONT®, GARAMITE®, GELWHITE®, LAPONITE®, MINERAL COLLOId®, OPTIBENT®, OPTIFLO®, OPTIGEL®, PERMONT®, PURE THIx®, RHEOCIN®, RHEOTIx®, RIC-SYN®, SCP®, TIxOGEL®, Y25® are registered trademarks of BYK Additives. ANTI-TERRA®, BYK®, BYK®-dYNWET®, BYK®-SILCLEAN®, BYKANOL®, BYKETOL®, BYKJET®, BYKOPLAST®, BYKUMEN®, CARBOBYK®, dISPERBYK®, dISPERPLAST®, LACTIMON®, NANOBYK®, PAPERBYK®, SILBYK®, VISCOBYK®, and Greenability® are registered trademarks of BYK-Chemie.AQUACER®, AQUAMAT®, AQUATIx®, CERACOL®, CERAFAK®, CERAFLOUR®, CERAMAT®, CERATIx®, HORdAMER®, and MINERPOL® are registered trademarks of BYK-Cera.SCONA® is a registered trademark of BYK Kometra.This information is given to the best of our knowledge. Because of the multitude of formulations, production, and application conditions, all the above-mentioned statements have to be adjusted to the circumstances of the processor. No liabilities, including those for patent rights, can be derived from this fact for individual cases.This issue replaces all previous versions – Printed in Germany

BYK-Chemie GmbH P.O. Box 10 02 45 46462 WeselGermanyTel +49 281 670-0 Fax +49 281 65735

[email protected]/additives

BYK additives

Product range additives:

•Additivestoimprovesurfaceslip, leveling, and substrate wetting•Adhesionpromoters•Defoamersandairreleaseagents•Processingadditives•Rheologicaladditives•UVabsorbers•Viscositydepressants•Waxadditives•Wettinganddispersingadditives for pigments and extenders

Coatings Industry•ArchitecturalCoatings•AutomotiveCoatings•IndustrialCoatings•CanCoatings•CoilCoatings•Wood&FurnitureCoatings•PowderCoatings•LeatherFinishes•Protective& Marine Coatings

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Paper Coatings•Impregnation•Coatings

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Construction Chemicals

Pigment Concentrates

raw materials for manufacturing release agents

application areas:

BYK offers a complete line of testing instruments to meet your needs in many application areas:•Gloss/Appearance•Color

Portable or stationary laboratory equipment – including easy-to-use quality control software.

BYK instruments – the complete solution for the coatings and plastics industry.

BYK-Gardner GmbH P.O. Box 97082534 Geretsried GermanyTel +49 8171 3493-0 +49 800 427-3637 Fax +49 8171 3493-140

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Consumer Care - BYK Additives & Instruments · free-flowing & relative simple consumer care...

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