Constructivism: Knowledge

Construction/Concept Learning

Prepared by:

Gracetyl Mae B. Calago

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Explain the role of constructivism in

facilitating learning

Describe strategies to promote knowledge

construction

Describe strategies to facilitate concept

learning

Objectives

Constructivism

Views of

Constructivism

Characteristics of

Constructivism

Organizing

Knowledge

Individual

Constructivism

Social

Constructivism

“Teaching is not about filling up the pail; it is about lighting a fire.”

―Williams Butler Yeats Treats

Constructivism

Views of

Constructivism

Characteristics of

Constructivism

Organizing

Knowledge

Individual

Constructivism

Social

Constructivism

Teaching involves giving opportunities for

learners to explore and discover

Learners construct their own knowledge

Learners are taught how to learn

An interactive learning

Constructivism

Focuses on knowledge construction

Teacher provides students with data or

experiences that allow them to

hypothesize, predict, manipulate objects,

pose questions, research, investigate, and

invent.

Constructivism

Constructivism

Views of

Constructivism

Characteristics of

Constructivism

Organizing

Knowledge

Individual

Constructivism

Social

Constructivism

Also called cognitive constructivism

Emphasizes individual, internal

construction of knowledge

Largely based on Piaget’s theory

Individual Constructivism

Constructivism

Views of

Constructivism

Characteristics of

Constructivism

Organizing

Knowledge

Individual

Constructivism

Social

Constructivism

Emphasizes that “knowledge exists in a

social context and is initially shared with

others instead of being represented solely

in the mind of an individual”

Based on Vygotsky’s theory

Social Constructivism

Constructivism

Views of

Constructivism

Characteristics of

Constructivism

Organizing

Knowledge

Individual

Constructivism

Social

Constructivism

Learners construct understanding

Learners are seen as active thinkers who

interpret new information based on what

they already know.

Learners construct knowledge in a way

that makes sense to them.

Characteristics of Constructivism

1 2 3 4

New learning depends on current

understanding

Background information is very important.

It is through the present views or scheme

that the learner has that new information

will be interpreted.

Characteristics of Constructivism

1 2 3 4

Learning is facilitated by social interaction

Characteristics of Constructivism

1 2 3 4

Constructivists believe

in creating a

“community of learners”

within classrooms

Learning communities

help learners take

responsibility for their

own learning

Learners have a lot of

opportunities to

cooperate and

collaborate to solve

problems and discover

things

Teachers play the role

of a facilitator rather

than an expert who has

all the knowledge

Meaningful learning occurs within authentic

learning tasks

Characteristics of Constructivism

1 2 3 4

An authentic learning task is one that involves a

learning activity that involves constructing

knowledge and understanding that is so akin to

the knowledge and understanding needed when

applied in the real world

Example: A writing

activity where six-year

olds prepare a

checklist of the things

they need to do in

school

Constructivism

Views of

Constructivism

Characteristics of

Constructivism

Organizing

Knowledge

Individual

Constructivism

Social

Constructivism

Concepts

Making Concept-

Learning Effective

Schemas and Scripts

Concepts as Feature

Lists

Concepts as

Prototypes

Concepts as Feature

Lists

Organizing Knowledge

A concept is a way of grouping or

categorizing objects or events in our mind.

A concept of teach, includes a group of

tasks such as model, discuss, illustrate,

explain, assist

Concepts

Concepts

Making Concept-

Learning Effective

Schemas and Scripts

Concepts as Feature

Lists

Concepts as

Prototypes

Concepts as Feature

Lists

Organizing Knowledge

Learning a concept involves learning

specific features that characterize positive

instance of the concept.

Includes defining features and

correlational feature

Concepts as Feature Lists

A defining feature is a

characteristic present in

ALL instances.

A triangle

has three sides.

Concepts as Feature Lists

Example

A correlational feature

is one that is present in

many positive instances

but not essential for

concept membership.

A loving

mother

Concepts as Feature Lists

Example

Concepts

Making Concept-

Learning Effective

Schemas and Scripts

Concepts as Feature

Lists

Concepts as

Prototypes

Concepts as Feature

Lists

Organizing Knowledge

A prototype is an idea

or a visual image of a

“typical example”.

Usually formed based

on the positive

instances that learners

encounter most often

Concepts as Prototypes

Example

Concepts

Making Concept-

Learning Effective

Schemas and Scripts

Concepts as Feature

Lists

Concepts as

Prototypes

Concepts as Feature

Lists

Organizing Knowledge

Exemplars represent

a variety of examples.

It allows learners to

know that an example

under a concept may

have variability.

Concepts as Exemplars

Example

Concepts

Making Concept-

Learning Effective

Schemas and Scripts

Concepts as Feature

Lists

Concepts as

Prototypes

Concepts as Feature

Lists

Organizing Knowledge

Provide clear definition of the concept

Make the defining features very concrete

and prominent

Give a variety of positive instances

Give negative instances

Making Concept-Learning

Effective

Cite a “best example” or a prototype

Provide opportunity for learners to identify

positive and negative instances

Ask learner to think of their own example

of the concept

Point out how concepts can be related to

each other

Making Concept-Learning

Effective

Concepts

Making Concept-

Learning Effective

Schemas and Scripts

Concepts as Feature

Lists

Concepts as

Prototypes

Concepts as Feature

Lists

Organizing Knowledge

Schemas and Scripts

Schema

An organized body

of knowledge about

something.

Like a file of

information you hold

your mind about

something.

Script

A schema that

includes a series of

predictable events

about a specific

activity

An example of it is

knowing the series of

steps done when we

visit a doctor

Aim to make learners understand a few

key ideas in an in-depth manner, rather

than taking up so many topics superficially.

Give varied examples.

Provide opportunities for experimentation.

Applying Constructivism in

Facilitating Learning

Provide lots of opportunities for quality

interaction.

Have lots of hands-on activities.

Relate your topic to real life situations.

Do not depend on the explanation method

all the time.

Applying Constructivism in

Facilitating Learning

Thank you …