Constructive and Destructive

Forces

Warm Up:Why should we worry about

Yellowstone? Justify your Answer.

CW: 1) Warm Up2) Constructive

and Destructive Forces Notes

HW: 1) None

What's the earth made of?

Pangaea

Plate tectonics

Layers of the earth

What's the earth made of?

Pangaea is

Pangea - Super Continent –

What is causing the super continent to break apart?

What's the earth made of?

Plate tectonics are

plate tectonics

What is causing the continent to break apart?

Where is the force coming from?

Is this force constructive or destructive or both?

What's the earth made of?

Layers of the earth

layers of the earth rap ( unofficial music video) – YouTube

Layers of the Earth Inner Core Outer Core Mantle Crust

How does the force within the earth affect

the outside of the earth?

Hot Spots Hotspots were thought to be caused by a narrow

stream of hot mantle convecting up from the mantle-core.

Hotspot can burn through all of the layers of the crust and cool to form an intrusion, or stop before it makes it all of the way to the surface.

Faulting

A fracture in the continuity of a rock formation caused by a shifting or dislodging of the earth's crust, in which adjacent surfaces are displaced relative to one another and parallel to the plane of fracture.

Faults cause Earthquakes.

Faulting

Faulting

Folding

A fold occurs when one or a stack of originally flat sedimentary layers are bent or curved as a result of a permanent deformation.

Folds in rocks vary in size from microscopic crinkles to mountain-sized folds.

Folds form under varied conditions of stress, hydrostatic pressure, pore pressure, and temperature gradient.

Folding

Folding

Exit Ticket

What did you learn today?

Convection Current Demos

Warm Up:What are some ways the

crusts layers can change or be altered?

CW: 1) Warm Up2) Convection

Current Demos

HW: 1) None

Are all the layers of Earth solid? Justify your answer with details from your notes and

textbook.

Predict Lava Lamp Convection Bottles

Observe

Before After Before After

Explain

Convection Current POE

Explain what is happening in this video:

Questions:

OConnect the P.O.E. and video to the core and mantle. O Why does the lava lamp and the convection

bottles do what it does?O How do you think the hot core affects the

mantle? O What about the two parts of the core?O How does the POE relate to what happens in the

earth?

OFinish Lab Write up From yesterday. (Surface Area Lab)

Exit TicketOn your Daily Catch, write a

summary of what you learned today.

Constructive and Destructive

Forces

Warm Up:Does the Earth look the same now as it did when it first came into existence? Justify your answer.

CW: 1) Warm Up2) Constructive

and Destructive Forces Notes

HW: 1) None

What does constructive forces mean?

What does destructive forces mean?

True or False: The Earth’s surface has stayed the same for thousands of

years

True or False: The Earth’s surface has stayed the same

for thousands of years

The Earth’s surface is always changing!

What do weathering and erosion mean?

On the next slide you are going to see two words. The animations of these words explain what they mean.

As you watch this animation, write down what you think Weathering and Erosion might mean based on what you see.

WeatheringThe breaking down of materials in the Earth’s

crust into smaller pieces.

Water causes weathering

What evidence of weathering do you see in this picture?

Wind causes weathering

What evidence of weathering do you see in this picture?

Why wasn’t this mass of land

weathered away?

Ice causes weathering

Describe how ice causes weathering?

Plants CAN CAUSE weathering

2. Particle Size – Larger particles weather slower and smaller particles weather at a faster rate.

There are 4 factors that effect the rate of weathering:1. Surface Area (exposure) - Exposing more surface area will increase the rate of weathering.

3. Chemical Composition (what a rock is made of) – Certain rocks and minerals are naturally weaker than others, while others are more resistant (stronger).

4. Climate – Warmer, moister climates have the most weathering. Heat & Water speed up all chemical reactions. This is the most important factor in weathering.

Mrs. Degl 38

1. Chemical Weathering – the breakdown of rocks and minerals into smaller pieces by chemical action. The rocks breaks down at the same time as it changes chemical composition. The end result is different from the original rock. There are 3 types of chemical weathering:

1. Oxidation – oxygen combines with the elements in the rock and it reacts. This the scientific name for rust.

2. Hydration – water can dissolve away many earth materials, including certain rocks.

3. Carbonation – carbon dioxide dissolves in water to form carbonic acid. This makes acid rain which chemically weathers (dissolves) rocks. Other acids also combine with water to make acid rain.

Mrs. Degl 39

There are two primary types of weathering:Chemical and Physical

2. Physical Weathering – the breakdown of rocks and minerals into smaller pieces without a change in chemical composition.

Root/Plant Wedging/Action Ice/Frost Wedging/Action

Exfoliation and Abrasion are also types of physical weathering.

ErosionThe process by which water, ice, wind or

gravity moves fragments of rock and soil.

What evidence of erosion do you see

in this picture?

Erosion is Movement of Sediment!

This process, known as Erosion, is

gradually wearing down the surface of

the earth.Erosion is the process by which

weathered rock and soil (sediment) are moved  from one place to another.

Erosion carves the Earth's surface

creating canyons, gorges, and even

beaches.

What do you think has caused this rock to look this

way?

Wind Erosion As the wind blows it

picks up small particles of

sand/sediment and blasts large rocks with the abrasive particles,

cutting and shaping the rock.

The intensity of wind erosion is determined

by: Sum (amount)

Speed Slope

Surface

Wind Erosion

Water Causes Erosion runoff, rivers and, streams

Water causes ErosionWhen rain falls to the

Earth it can evaporate, sink into the ground, or flow over the land as Runoff.

When it flows over land, erosion occurs.

Runoff picks up pieces of rock and "runs" downhill cutting tiny grooves (called rills) into the land.

Water causes Erosion

How much erosion takes place is determined by

the: Sum (amount)

SlopeSpeed

SurfaceCan you act

increasing and decreasing the four

S’s?

Ice Causes Erosion

Glaciers wear down the landscape; by picking up and carrying debris that moves across the land

along with the ice.

Ice Causes ErosionGlaciers can pick up and carry sediment that

ranges in size from sand grains to boulders bigger than houses.

Moving like a conveyor belt and a bulldozer, a single glacier can move millions of tons of

material!

Ice Causes Erosion

How much erosion takes

place is determined

by the: **Sum (Glaciers are

massive!)

SlopeSpeed

Surface

Gravity causes erosion

landslide clip.mpeg

Creep, Slump, Landslides, Mudslides, and Avalanches.

These are examples of mass movement

(or called mass wasting)

Slower

Faster

Gravity causes Erosion

How much erosion takes place is

determined by the:

Sum **Slope Speed

**Surface

Plants CAN PREVENT erosion

Deposition

Rock particles that are picked up and transported during erosion will ultimately be deposited

somewhere else

Deposition is the process by which sediments (small particles of rock) are laid down in new locations. Together, Erosion and Deposition build new

landforms. Deltas

Canyons Meanders Floodplains

Exit TicketOn your Daily Catch, write a

summary of what you learned today.

Rate of Weathering

Lab

Warm Up:What are the forces that cause the

Earth to change?

CW: 1) Warm Up2) Rate of

Weathering Lab

HW: 1) None

Exit TicketOn your Daily Catch, write a

summary of what you learned today.

Constructive vs Destructive

Foces Project

Warm Up:What do you think soil and

sand are made up of?

CW: 1) Warm Up2) Constructive

vs Destructive Foces Project

HW: 1) None

Exit TicketOn your Daily Catch, write a

summary of what you learned today.