CONSTRUCTION Objective 6.02. Bell Ringer 12/2 What is the most common roof type? What is the least...
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Transcript of CONSTRUCTION Objective 6.02. Bell Ringer 12/2 What is the most common roof type? What is the least...
CONSTRUCTION
Objective 6.02
Bell Ringer 12/2
What is the most common roof type?
What is the least expensive roof type?
Objective
Review Roof Styles
Recognize Components of Construction
Outline/Vocab (on your course outline sheet)
A. Foundation
1. Footings
2. Slab
Construction
We will discuss the Basic Steps needed in ALL types of housing Construction…
STEP 1: Planning the housing SITE Topography – the slope of the land and
its other physical features
Influences: Planning Construction Maintenance
Types of topography
Easiest and least expensive to build on: Flat land, well drained, and free of rocks
Not all land/sites are like this: Poorly drained soils may cause swampy yards,
wet basements, sewage problems, and poor plant growth
In a cold climate, water trapped in poorly drained soils will freeze and expand, sometime causing the foundation to crack
Orientation
The position of a home on the lot and the direction the home faces.
Purpose: allow residents to enjoy sunshine, gentle breezes, and the natural beauty of the housing site
Understanding the principles of orientation can help a person choose one apartment unit over another
Orientation: using sunlight effectively
Help prevent dampness, mildew, and rot Home will need less artificial lighting Regions with cold winter need to utilize the
sun exposure South and west sides of a dwelling receive
the most sunlight Usually the family room, kitchen, and living
room (rooms that are center of family activity) are on the south and west side
North side should have the fewest windows
Utilizing natural elements, etc.
Windbreak: something that protects a housing site from strong winds Trees and shrubs Garages Walls and fences Homes built in the side of a hill
Step 2:Choose a FLOORPLAN Floorplan – a scale diagram of one or more
rooms as if seen from above
Step 3: The FOUNDATION
Foundation - underlying base of a house Purpose - supports the home
*Poor foundation = poor quality home*
Consists of the footing and foundation walls
Footing - continuous concrete base that supports foundation walls
3 Types of Foundation Construction 1) Basements – “room” like space under a
house 2) Crawl Space – space between the ground
and bottom floor of home 3) Slabs – a poured layer of concrete, about 4
inches thick
Brainstorm: What do you think would be the advantage of each??? (think about topography and others!)
Project
Gingerbread Houses!
DUE Friday!
NO LATE PROJECTS WILL BE ACCEPTED!
CLEAN CLEAN CLEAN
Bell Ringer 12/3
List the 3 different types of foundations.
Sketch an example next to each one.
Objective
Recognize Components of Construction
Outline/Vocab (on your course outline sheet)
B. Frame
1. Floor
a. Girder
b. Floor joist
c. Sub-floor
2. Wall
a. Studs
b. Header
c. Plates
(1) Top
(2) Sole
(3) Sill
3. Ceiling/Roof
a. Ceiling joist
b. Rafters
c. Ridge
d. Roof truss/truss rafters
Step 4: Floor Frame
Floor frame - “skeleton” of the structure Purpose - Supports the wall and roof materials If frame isn’t constructed properly, the structure
may collapse
Floor Frame Process:
Floor Joists, are long pieces of wood that are placed on top of the girders, which are on top of the foundation walls
A thick layer of plywood is attached to the tops of the floor joists. This is called the “Sub-Floor”
Floor Frame
Girder
End Joist
Joist
Sub-Floor
Floor Frame
Interesting Fact- Squeaky Floors are usually a sign of problems with the SUB-FLOOR
Step 5: Wall Frame
Purpose - supports the ceiling, upper floors, and roof
Also serves as a nailing base for wall finishes Wall Studs - a vertical wall framing piece of wood
Sill Plate– support piece below a window
Sole Plate – support piece above the sub-floor
Header – support above a door or window
Top Plate- support piece at the very top of the wall frame. Usually Double.
Step 6: Ceiling and Roof Framing Purpose – supports the roof Roof Words to know:
Roof Truss Rafter Ceiling Joist Ridge
Ceiling & Roof Frame
Roof Truss – combines a joist and rafters Made in the factory, delivered to the site Come in different shapes (this can provide
more or less attic space)
Rafter – support beams that extend from the exterior walls to the ridge (middle)
Diagonal beam = RAFTER
Horizontal beam = CEILING JOIST TRUSS
Ceiling/Roof Frame Process1) Trusses are built in
the factory, shipped to the site
2) Trusses are stacked on top of the wall frame
3) Trusses are secured to wall frame with small metal plates.
4) Roof frame is completed when covered with strong plywood sheets or other type of wood
House Frame
Video for House Framing:
See if you can see all the Framing steps we have discussed!
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y-009ddTK_Y
Project
Gingerbread Houses… Start putting them together!
DUE FRIDAY!NO LATE PROJECTS WILL BE ACCEPTED!
CLEAN CLEAN CLEAN
Bell Ringer 12/4
IT’S MY BIRTHDAY
Please copy and answer the following question in your notebooks:
A large horizontal member in the floor that supports the load of the floor joists and the weight of the floor above it, is known as a:
A. Girder B. JoistC. Rafter D. Sub-floor
Objective
Recognize Components of Construction
Outline/Vocab (on your course outline sheet)
C. Structural Roofing
1. Shingles
2. Slate/Tile
3. Metal
4. Insulation
a. R-value
b. Blanket
c. Loose fill
Step 7: Roofing
Protects the home’s interior from the weather
Material must be strong and weatherproof Common roofing materials:
Asphalt: most often used because its fire-resistant
Fiberglass Vinyl Wood Clay tile Slate Concrete tile Metal
Shingles:
Thin pieces of material laid in overlapping rows that cover roofs
Applied after nailing black paper on the roof
The heavier the shingle, the longer its life will be.
Flashing
Consists of strips of sheet metal Installed under the
chimney Insulates the roof
from the chimney and prevents moisture from leaking through the roof openings
Water Protection
Gutters and downspouts: carry rainwater away from the foundation of the house
Step 8: Insulation
Material used to restrict the flow of heated or cooled air within a house to the outdoors.
Millions of tiny air pockets that resist the flow of heat through the material
R-value = resistance of a material to heat movement
Shows the capacity to resist winter heat
loss and summer heat gain The larger the R-value, the more resistance
the material has for heat movement.
Types of insulation forms
Blanket Board Loose-fill
Blanket
Available in the shortest rolls
Commonly used in attics, floors, walls, and around pipes and ducts
Board
Higher in R-value per inch of thickness than the other forms
More expensive Used between
concrete and earth, around foundation walls, and on one side of the footing
Loose-Fill
Used in spaces where other types of insulating are difficult to install.
Also used in attics, inside frame walls, in cores of concrete blocks and as filler between other types of insulation
Which Type?
Which Type?
Project
Gingerbread Houses… Start putting them together!
DUE FRIDAY!NO LATE PROJECTS WILL BE ACCEPTED!
CLEAN CLEAN CLEAN
Bell Ringer 12/5
Please copy and answer the following question in your notebooks:
Which roofing choice requires stronger rafters and other framing members to support its extra weight?
A. Metal B. ShakesC. Shingles D. Slate/Tile
Project
FINISH HOUSE TODAY
SUBMIT FOR JUDGING
You can come see it at Holly Days Tomorrow
TEST 6.0, 7.0, 8.0
TEST on TUESDAY!! Multiple Choice Diagram of a HOUSE FRAME!
Bell Ringer 12/8
Please copy and answer the following question in your notebooks:
Which roofing choice requires stronger rafters and other framing members to support its extra weight?
A. Metal B. ShakesC. Shingles D. Slate/Tile
What are the 3 different types of insulation?
Objective
Recognize Components of Construction
Outline/Vocab (on your course outline sheet)
D. Housing Systems
1. Electrical
a. Panel box
b. Receptacles/Ground fault
2. Plumbing
a. Water supply
b. Waste water removal
E. Heating/Cooling
1. Forced air
2. Radiant heat
3. Heat pump
4. Portable
STEP 9: Electrical System
Electricity = movement of electrons along a conductor
Conductor- allows the flow of electrons and is usually a wire (power line)
Electrons follow a path from the source of the electricity to the device and back to the source. This is called a circuit
Ground Wire: electrical conductor that is connected to the earth that one needs to complete a circuit
Reduce Electrical fires and shocks Have household wiring checked every 5
years
Have ground fault circuit interrupters (GFCI) in kitchens, bathrooms, and outdoors
STEP 10: Plumbing System
Water Supply Water is supplied to home from a community
water system Enters the home through the “building main”
pipe Once in home, passes through softener and
filter Then goes through the hot water heater Finally goes to the appliance or fixture
STEP 10: Plumbing System
Waste Water removal Must be removed from the house so that it
does not harm you Pipes are completely separate from water
system pipes Pipes are LARGER than those for water When it leaves the house it goes to either a
septic tank or a community sewer lineDIRTY CLEAN
STEP 11: Heating/Cooling SystemHeat Systems: Conventional Systems
Uses electricity, gas, oil or coal Based on availability of source and cost
Forced Air = Air heated by furnace and then delivered to room through supply ducts
STEP 11: Heating/Cooling SystemHeat Systems: Conventional Systems
Radiant Heat = Wiring Produces heating Wire placed in ceiling, floor, or baseboards High Electricity costs!
STEP 11: Heating/Cooling SystemHeat Systems: Conventional Systems
Central Heat-Pump = Electric refrigeration unit that heats and cools the house
A fan pushes warm/cold air through the house Most efficient system in moderate/mild
climates Higher price, but it pays off in the long run
1.Heat Pump2.Evaporative Coil3.Furnace4.Air Cleaner5.Thermostat
STEP 11: Heating/Cooling SystemHeat Systems: Solar Panel System – uses the energy from
the sun to heat the house Saves money and is good for the environment!
STEP 11: Heating/Cooling SystemTypes of Heat Movement: Conduction
Transfer of heat from a body of higher temperature to one of lower temperature by direct contact
Convection Transfer of heat by means of air flow Warm air rises to the highest point in a
room/home Radiation
Transmission of heat by means of rays traveling in straight line from a source Example: Sun
STEP 11: Heating/Cooling SystemCooling Systems: Air conditioners remove excess moisture
while they cool and circulate air Ventilation: supplying a home with fresh
air and keeping air circulating throughout a home
Light colored roof will have a cooling reduction of 20-50 %
TEST
TEST TOMORROW!! 6.0 7.0 8.0
MULTIPLE CHOICE AND DIAGRAM!
Bellringer 12/9
Sit Alphabetically
Review for TEST
12/9
http://home.howstuffworks.com/real-estate/home-construction-videos-playlist.htm
Green Architecture Video After Discuss Sheet, Redesign Classroom for Mrs.
Watkins using solar concepts!