Constitutional Disputes in Constitutional Disputes in thethe

Age of JacksonAge of Jackson1824-18401824-1840

http://www.history.com/topics/trail-of-tears/videos#jacksons-personality-and-legacy

Quick Review…Quick Review…

1800-18081800-1808 Thomas Jefferson…Thomas Jefferson… Louisiana Purchase, Lewis & Clark, Embargo of Louisiana Purchase, Lewis & Clark, Embargo of

18071807 1808-18161808-1816 James Madison…James Madison…

War Hawks, War of 1812, “Mr. Madison’s War”War Hawks, War of 1812, “Mr. Madison’s War” 1816-18241816-1824 James Monroe…James Monroe…

Era of Good Feelings, NationalismEra of Good Feelings, Nationalism

Is this a positive or Is this a positive or negative depiction negative depiction of Jackson? How of Jackson? How can you tell?can you tell?

S – Summarize (What do you see?)

C – Contextualize (When is this being made?)

I – Infer (Message?)

M – Monitor (What does it lead us to question?)

The Election of 1824The Election of 1824

All candidates were Democrat-All candidates were Democrat-RepublicansRepublicans

None won a majorityNone won a majority

John Quincy Adams (MA)

Andrew Jackson (TN)

Henry Clay (KY)

William Crawford (GA)

Electoral BreakdownElectoral Breakdown

The “Corrupt Bargain”The “Corrupt Bargain”

The House of Representatives had to The House of Representatives had to votevote

Adams and Clay team upAdams and Clay team up Adams (President)Adams (President) Clay (Secretary of StateClay (Secretary of State Jackson claims a “corrupt bargain”Jackson claims a “corrupt bargain”

Jackson had won the popular voteJackson had won the popular vote Clay become the “Judas of the West”Clay become the “Judas of the West” The people felt overruledThe people felt overruled

Election of 1828Election of 1828

The Democrat-Republican party The Democrat-Republican party splitssplits Democrat Party nominates Andrew Democrat Party nominates Andrew

JacksonJackson National Republican Party nominates National Republican Party nominates

AdamsAdams Adams’ VP, John C. Calhoun (SC) flips sides Adams’ VP, John C. Calhoun (SC) flips sides

to run with Jacksonto run with Jackson

John Quincy Adams & the Election of 1824John Quincy Adams & the Election of 1824

Election of 1824

The “Corrupt Bargain”

Jackson’s defeat

Martin Van Buren

Election of 1828

Four-way race, no majority(Jackson has the most popular

and electoral votes)

Henry Clay gives his supportto Adams; Adams wins,

makes Clay Sect. of State(Jackson = “corrupt bargain”)

After losing, Jackson hiresVan Buren to run his campaign

Jackson = down-to-earth, acommon man; Adams = elitist

wins Election of 1828“Jacksonian Democracy”

Jackson’s VictoryJackson’s Victory

““Jacksonian DemocracyJacksonian Democracy””

““Old HickoryOld Hickory”” ““Log Cabin Candidate”Log Cabin Candidate”

Appealed to the Common ManAppealed to the Common Man White Manhood SuffrageWhite Manhood Suffrage

““Westerner”Westerner” Elites thought a savage had been unleashed Elites thought a savage had been unleashed

on the White Houseon the White House

First Known Portrait of First Known Portrait of JacksonJackson

““The Spoils SystemThe Spoils System””“King Andrew” – appointed friends and loyal advisers to political positions

Issue orConflict

Jackson’s Opinionabout the Issue

Jackson’s Solutionto the Issue

Final Outcome ofJackson’s Solution

Spoils System

(what is it?)

Awardingpolitical jobs to

supporters

Jackson supportsthe spoils system

Jackson was the firstpresident to use the

spoils system(Election of 1828)

Leads to corruption;people getting jobsare not necessarily

qualified

Jackson’s Native American Jackson’s Native American Policy Policy

Indian Removal Act of 1830 – offered Indian Removal Act of 1830 – offered Native Americans land west of Native Americans land west of Mississippi (Indian Reserves) Mississippi (Indian Reserves) protected by the USAprotected by the USA

Affected the Cherokee, Chickasaw, Affected the Cherokee, Chickasaw, Creek, and Chocktaw IndiansCreek, and Chocktaw Indians

The Cherokee NationThe Cherokee Nation

Cherokee AssimilationCherokee Assimilation

Cherokee Alphabet Cherokee Alphabet (Sequoyah)(Sequoyah)

Worchester vs. GeorgiaWorchester vs. Georgia (1832)(1832)

Cherokee take their case before the Cherokee take their case before the Supreme CourtSupreme Court John Marshall (Chief Justice)John Marshall (Chief Justice) Court ruled that the Cherokee could stay Court ruled that the Cherokee could stay

on their landon their land Jackson ignored the order, forced Jackson ignored the order, forced

removalremoval

“…John Marshall has made his decision, now let him

enforce it.”

Indian RemovalIndian Removal

Map of the Trail of TearsMap of the Trail of Tears

Trail of TearsTrail of Tears

4,000 out of 15,000 die during the journey

Issue orConflict

Jackson’s Opinionabout the Issue

Jackson’s Solutionto the Issue

Final Outcome ofJackson’s Solution

Worcester v.Georgia

(what is it?)

Supreme Courtruled that taking

the land fromthe Indianswas illegal

Jackson IGNORESthe ruling

Wants to removethe Indians from theland and give it toAmerican settlers

IndianRemoval Act

Indians will beforced to move off

of the land

Trail of Tears

16,000 Cherokeetravel along this

route

4,000 die beforereaching their

destination

Video:

http://www.history.com/topics/trail-of-tears/videos#jackson-cherokees-tariffs-and-nullification

Discussion:

If you were a member of Congress in 1830, would you have voted in favor of passing the Indian Removal Act? Why or why not?

Indian Removal Timeline & Primary Source from the

Cherokee Review the Timeline as a class &

Highlight or underline key events Answer the questions

Cherokee Primary Source Questions

Issue orConflict

Jackson’s Opinionabout the Issue

Jackson’s Solutionto the Issue

Final Outcome ofJackson’s Solution

Second Bankof the U.S.

(what is it?)

Whig Partysupportsa nationalbank; theybelieve it

will promoteeconomic

growth

Jackson believes the national

bank is corrupt &and will only

benefit the wealthy

Jackson vetoesevery bill for anational bank

Wins re-electionin 1832,

Jackson movesfederal money into

state banks(“pet banks”)

Panic of 1837(Van Buren was

President)

Greatly hurt theUS economy

Issue orConflict

Jackson’s Opinionabout the Issue

Jackson’s Solutionto the Issue

Final Outcome ofJackson’s Solution

NullificationCrisis

(what is it?)

John C. Calhoun& the South

want tonullify (void)

high tariffs b/cthey threatened

the southerneconomy

Jackson didNOT supportnullification

SC refused to paythe tariff &

threatened toleave the Union

The Force Bill (1833)gives Jackson power

to send troops toSC if they refuse to

pay the tax

Henry Clay helped build a compromise;

Congress loweredthe tariff & the

crisis is postponed

“Tariff of Abominations”

Nullification = belief that states can void a federal law

Jackson as PresidentJackson as President

1832 – Easily wins 1832 – Easily wins a second terma second term Jackson founds the Jackson founds the

Democrat PartyDemocrat Party Extends Presidential Extends Presidential

Power (uses veto Power (uses veto power more than all power more than all other previous other previous presidents presidents combined – 12 combined – 12 times)times)

Opposition to JacksonOpposition to Jackson

The Whig PartyThe Whig Party Formed to Formed to

oppose oppose Jackson’s powerJackson’s power

Desired an end Desired an end to “King to “King Andrew’s” Andrew’s” policiespolicies

DISCUSSION DISCUSSION ACTIVITYACTIVITY

The Treasury Department is in the process of deciding whether or not to remove President Andrew Jackson from the Twenty Dollar bill and replace him with someone else. They are

seeking the help of expert historians to determine whether Jackson deserves to stay on the bill or whether he should be removed. Why or why not does Jackson deserve this honor?Left Side –

In Support of Jackson on the bill

Right Side – Against Jackson on the bill5 JUDGES

Support your argumentSupport your argumentHave at least Have at least 3 reasons/factors 3 reasons/factors

backing up your argument!backing up your argument!

How do you really feel? Should Jackson stay on the $20 bill?

Politics After President JacksonPolitics After President Jackson

Election of 1836

President Martin Van Buren

Panic of 1837

Election of 1840(“Tippecanoe & Tyler Too”)

Martin Van Buren (Jackson’s VicePresident) wins Election of 1836

Economy goes into a full-scaledepression

William Henry Harrison (Whig)runs for President with

John Tyler

Politics After President JacksonPolitics After President Jackson

“Tippecanoe & Tyler Too”

William Henry Harrison

Shortest Presidency

President John Tyler

Harrison defeats Van Buren inElection of 1840

John Tyler takesover, but rejects

all of thepolicies of the

Whig Party(vetoed

national bank)

Three weeks after his inauguraladdress, Harrison dies from

pneumonia