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Transcript of CONSTITUTION - Universitas Brawijayasafaat.lecture.ub.ac.id/files/2013/12/CONSTITUTION.pdf ·...
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CONSTITUTION
https://safaat.lecture.ub.ac.id
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CONSTITUTION AND SOUVERIGNTY OF THE PEOPLE
PEOPLE
SOCIAL CONTRACT
Constitution
The three element’s of the general agreement: 1. the general goals of society or general acceptance of the same philosophy of
government. 2. the rule of law as the basis of government. 3. the form of institutions and procedures.
Constituent power
General Agreement, Basic Law
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SUPREMACY OF THE CONSTITUTION
Constitution People
Citizen State Organs Rules and Regulations
State and Government Administration Daily life as a Nation and State
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THE FUNCTION OF THE CONSTITUTION
• A NATIONAL SYMBOL
Symbol of Unity
Majesty of the Nation
Center of Ceremony
• CIVIL RELIGION
Tool of political, economic, and social control
Tool of political, economic, and social engineering and reform
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THE SUBSTANCE OF THE CONSTITUTION
• Human Rights;
• The structure of state organization;
• Limitation and distribution of state organs authority.
SRI SOEMANTRI
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BAGIR MANAN
• Basic principles on human rights protection;
• Basic structure of state organization;
• Basic Limitation of state authority;
• Identity of the state;
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SUBSTANCES
• The goal of the state; • Basic regulations of the state; • Human Rights; • Constitutional Rights; • Position, Authority, election/appointment of the state
organs; • Mechanism on state and government administration
(executive, law creating, judiciary); • People participation Mechanism (General Election). • State symbols and identity; • Territory of the state. • Mechanism of creating or amending the constitution .
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MODERN CONSTITUTIONALISM
CJ Bax dan van der Tang: 1. A state must be founded upon law. Power exercised
within state should conform to definite legal rules and procedures.
2. Institutional structure of gov. Should ensure that power resides with, or is divided among, different branches which mutually control their exercise power and which are obliged to co-operate.
3. The relationship between the government and the individual members of society should be regulated in such manner that it leaves the latter’s basic rights and freedoms unimpaired.
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MODERN CONSTITUTIONALISM
• By creating basic principles of justice and individual rights policed by court who independent of government.
• By splitting up power between different government bodies to ensure that no one person has too much power.
• By adopting representative institutions of government that chosen and can be remove by the people.
• By providing for direct participation by the people in the process of government decision-making.
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ARISTOTELES
Type of Constitution
Good or True Form
Bad or Perverted Form
Government of One Monarchy or Royalty Tyranny or Despotism
Government of the Few Aristocracy Oligarchy
Government of the Many Polity Democracy
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• The nature of the state to which the constitution applies;
• The nature of the constitution itself;
• The nature of the legislature;
• The nature of the executive;
• The nature of the judiciary
Modern Classification, A.V. Dicey
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The nature of state to which the constitution applies
Unitary State organized under a single
central gov. Supreme legislative authority by one
central power (dicey).
Federal a political contrivance to reconcile
national unity and power with the maintenance of ‘state rights’.
Characteristic: the supremacy of the constitution. Distribution of power between the
federal state and co-ordinate state forming it.
Supreme authority to settle any dispute which may arise between the federal and state authorities.
Centralized Localized/
Decentralized
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The Nature of The Constitution
• Unwritten
grown up on the basis of custom.
• Written
In the form of a document which has special sanctity
•Documentary •Non-documentary
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The Nature of the Constitution
“Whether the process of constitutional law-making is or is not identical with the process of ordinary law-making.”
Flexible Constitution can be altered or amended without
special machinary. Rigid Require special procedure for its alteration of
amendment.
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THE NATURE LEGISLATURE
1. Electoral System, by which voters choose the members of legislature.
Suffrage
a. Adult suffrage;
b. Qualified adult suffrage
Kind of Constituency
a. Multi-member contituency
b. Single-member constituency
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THE NATURE OF LEGISLATURE
2. Types of Second Chamber
Election
a. Elective
b. Non-elective
c. Partly elective
Strenghtness
a. Strong bicameral
b. Soft bicameral
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THE NATURE OF THE EXECUTIVE
• Parliamentary Executive
• Non Parliamentary Executive
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THE NATURE OF THE JUDICIARY
• Whether subject to Rule of Law or under Administrative Law.
• Whether centralized or decentralized judiciary.