DEFINITIONDEFINITION “ “IT IS A SET OF LAWS AND RULES SETTING IT IS A SET OF LAWS AND RULES SETTING

UP THE MACHINERY OF THE GOVERNMRNT UP THE MACHINERY OF THE GOVERNMRNT OF A STATE AND WHICH DEFINES AND OF A STATE AND WHICH DEFINES AND DETERMINES THE RELATIONS BETWEEN DETERMINES THE RELATIONS BETWEEN THE DIFFERENT INSTITUTIONS AND AREAS THE DIFFERENT INSTITUTIONS AND AREAS OF GOVERNMENT, THE EXECUTIVE, THE OF GOVERNMENT, THE EXECUTIVE, THE LAGISLATURE AND THE JUDICIARY, THE LAGISLATURE AND THE JUDICIARY, THE CENTRAL, THE REGIONAL AND THE LOCAL CENTRAL, THE REGIONAL AND THE LOCAL GOVERNMENTS.”GOVERNMENTS.”

HISTORICAL BACK GROUND OF HISTORICAL BACK GROUND OF CONSTITUTIONCONSTITUTION

British cabinet ministersBritish cabinet ministers came in India (23 march came in India (23 march 1946)1946)

Announcement of freedom by British's (16 may Announcement of freedom by British's (16 may 1946)1946)

British commission ordered to make the constitution British commission ordered to make the constitution (17 June 1946)(17 June 1946)

Establishment of constitution office (1July 1946) Establishment of constitution office (1July 1946) Delhi Delhi

THE ASSEMBLY BEGAN WORK ON 9 THE ASSEMBLY BEGAN WORK ON 9 DECEMBER 1946DECEMBER 1946

11 MEETING ON 09 DECEMBER 1946 BY Dr. MEETING ON 09 DECEMBER 1946 BY Dr. SACHCHIDANAND SINHASACHCHIDANAND SINHA

22 11 DECEMBER 1946 Dr RAJENDRA PRASAD had been 11 DECEMBER 1946 Dr RAJENDRA PRASAD had been selected president of constitution committeeselected president of constitution committee

33 13 December 1946- Starting Work Of Constitution13 December 1946- Starting Work Of Constitution

44 Partition Of Committee Partition Of Committee

Ex- Negotiation CommitteeEx- Negotiation Committee

Union Power CommitteeUnion Power Committee

Advisory CommitteeAdvisory Committee

5. Due to unsuccessfulness committee ended5. Due to unsuccessfulness committee ended

NEW COMMITE SELECTED ON 29 AUG 1947 NEW COMMITE SELECTED ON 29 AUG 1947 AND THE 7 MEMBERS AREAND THE 7 MEMBERS ARE

DR. B.R. AMBEDKAR ( PRESIDENT OF DR. B.R. AMBEDKAR ( PRESIDENT OF DRAFTING COMMITE 30 AUG 1947 )DRAFTING COMMITE 30 AUG 1947 )

N GOPAL SWAMI AYYER( MEMBER)N GOPAL SWAMI AYYER( MEMBER)ALLADI KRISHANA SWAMI AYYERALLADI KRISHANA SWAMI AYYER K M MUNSHI K M MUNSHI SAYYID MOHHMAD SADULLASAYYID MOHHMAD SADULLAN MADHAV RAO N MADHAV RAO D P KHAITAIN D P KHAITAIN

CONSTITUTION DEBATE CONSTITUTION DEBATE

11stst ON 4 NOV 1948 TO 9 NOV 1948 ON 4 NOV 1948 TO 9 NOV 1948 22NDND ON 15 NOV 1948 TO 17 OCT 1949 ON 15 NOV 1948 TO 17 OCT 1949 33RDRD 14 NOV 1949 TO 26 NOV 1949 14 NOV 1949 TO 26 NOV 1949 OVERALL 165 DAYS DEBATE HELD OVERALL 165 DAYS DEBATE HELD

AND PASSED ONLY 144 DAYS AND PASSED ONLY 144 DAYS

THE CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLYTHE CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY

THE CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY MET FOR 166 THE CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY MET FOR 166 DAYS. SPREAD OVER A PERIOD OF 2 YEARS, DAYS. SPREAD OVER A PERIOD OF 2 YEARS, 11 MONTHS AND 18 DAYS11 MONTHS AND 18 DAYS

LAST MEETING WAS HELD ON 24 LAST MEETING WAS HELD ON 24 JAN 1950 ON CONSTITUTION.JAN 1950 ON CONSTITUTION.

Dr. AMBEDKAR SAID.. “ Dr. AMBEDKAR SAID.. “ NO NO METTER CONSTITUTION IS HOW METTER CONSTITUTION IS HOW GOOD IT WOULD BE GOOD UNLESS GOOD IT WOULD BE GOOD UNLESS THE PERSON IS NOT GOOD AND NO THE PERSON IS NOT GOOD AND NO METTER IT WLL NOT BE BAD UNLESS METTER IT WLL NOT BE BAD UNLESS THE PEOPLE IS BADTHE PEOPLE IS BAD” ”

AT LAST Dr. B R AMBEDKAR HAD BEEN AT LAST Dr. B R AMBEDKAR HAD BEEN SELECTED ……..SELECTED ……..

FATHER OF INDIAN FATHER OF INDIAN CONSTITUTIONCONSTITUTION

22 Languages Are Included In Indian Constitution 22 Languages Are Included In Indian Constitution Total words- 1,17,369Total words- 1,17,369 Budget- 63,96,729₹Budget- 63,96,729₹ 22 Parts, 395 Articles, 8 Schedule 22 Parts, 395 Articles, 8 Schedule 26 Jan1950 Its Applied to whole of India 26 Jan1950 Its Applied to whole of India

Present Time Present Time

22 Parts, 448 Articles, 12 Schedule, 100 Amendment22 Parts, 448 Articles, 12 Schedule, 100 Amendment

IMPORTANT FACTS -

FOREIGN SOURCEFOREIGN SOURCE

U .S. AU .S. A ENGLAND ENGLAND IRELAND IRELAND AUSTRALIAAUSTRALIA GERMANY GERMANY CANADA CANADA SOUTH AFRICASOUTH AFRICA RUSSIA RUSSIA JAPANJAPAN

PREAMBLEPREAMBLE

IT IS AN INTRODUCTORY STATEMENT IT IS AN INTRODUCTORY STATEMENT OF INDIAN CONSTITUTION.OF INDIAN CONSTITUTION.

IT IS THE MAIN PHILOSOPHY OF IT IS THE MAIN PHILOSOPHY OF

CONSTITUTION.CONSTITUTION.

PREAMBLE

WE, THE PEOPLE OF INDIA, having solemnly resolved to constitute India into a SOVERIGN SOCIALIST SECULAR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC and to secure toall its citizens: JUSTICE, social, economic and political; LIBERTY of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship; EQUALITY of status and of opportunity; And to promote among them all FRATERNITY assuring the dignity of the individual and the unity and integrity of the Nation; IN OUR CONSTITUENT ASEMBLY this twenty-sixth day of November, 1949, do HEREBY ADOPT, ENACT AND GIVE TO OURSELVES THIS COSTITUTION

METHODS OF AMENDMENTMETHODS OF AMENDMENT

By simple majority of the parliament: By simple majority of the parliament: amendments in this category can be made amendments in this category can be made by a simple majority of members present by a simple majority of members present and voting, before sending them for the and voting, before sending them for the president’s assent.president’s assent.

By special majority of the parliament: By special majority of the parliament:

amendments can be made in this category amendments can be made in this category by a two third majority of the total number by a two third majority of the total number of members present and voting, which of members present and voting, which should not be less than half of the total should not be less than half of the total membership of the house.membership of the house.

FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS AND FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS AND DUTIESDUTIES

COMES UNDER PART III AND PART IV OF COMES UNDER PART III AND PART IV OF THE CONSTITUTION THE CONSTITUTION

PART III CONTAINS 24 ARTICLES FROM 12-PART III CONTAINS 24 ARTICLES FROM 12-3535 THESE RIGHTS CAN BE CLASSIFIED THESE RIGHTS CAN BE CLASSIFIED INTO SIX GROUPS: INTO SIX GROUPS:

A) RIGHT TO EQUALITY A) RIGHT TO EQUALITY B) RIGHT TO PARTICULAR FREEDOM B) RIGHT TO PARTICULAR FREEDOM C) RIGHT AGAINST EXPLOITATION C) RIGHT AGAINST EXPLOITATION D) RIGHT TO FREEDOM OF RELIGION D) RIGHT TO FREEDOM OF RELIGION

E) CULTURAL AND EDUCATIONAL RIGHTS E) CULTURAL AND EDUCATIONAL RIGHTS F) RIGHT TO CONSTITUTIONAL REMEDIES F) RIGHT TO CONSTITUTIONAL REMEDIES

CONSTITUTION FOR A DEMOCRATIC COUNTRY

Essentials of democracy- Periodically elected by the people

- Have an opportunities to change the government

- Political democracy implies rule of law, political equality and limited government

Nature of Indian democracy- Parliament is the superior organ of the state and the executive- the council of ministers is responsible and accountable to it.

POLITICAL ADMINISTRATION

Before independence-liberal democratic system After independence-republic system

Election held at 3 levels

1. National

2. State

3. City, town and village

SYSTEMS OF POLITICAL ADMINISTRATION

PARLIAMENT

INDIAN JUDICIARY

PANCHAYAT RAJ

PARLIAMENT

PRESIDENT

RAJYA SABHA

LOK SABHA

INDIAN JUDICIARY

Supreme Court

High Court

District Court

PANCHAYATRAJ

Gram Sabha

Gram Panchayat

Nyaya Panchayat

THANK YOU