Constitution of India

• The Constitution of India is the supreme law of India.

• The constitution contains laws concerning the government and its relations with the people.

• A constitution is concerned with 2 main aspects:-

a)The relation between the different levels of government and

b)Between the government and the citizens.

Role of Constitution in relationship between Government and its people:-

GOVERNMENT

EXECUTIVE

JUDICIARY

LEGISLATIVE

CONSTITUTION

THE PEOPLE

Makes Laws

Interprets Laws

Enforces Laws

• Passed by the Constituent Assembly on 26 November 1949, it came into effect on 26 January 1950.

• Contain 395 articles in 22 parts, 12 schedules and 97 amendments, for a total of 117,369 words.

Borrowed features of constitution of India

• 1.From U.K. - Nominal Head – President, Cabinet System of Ministers, Post of PM, Parliamentary Type of Govt., Bicameral Parliament, Lower House more powerful, Council of Ministers responsible to Lower House, Provision of Speaker in Lok Sabha.

• 2.From U.S.A- Written constitution, Appointment of Vice President, Fundamental Rights, Supreme court, Head of the state known as president, Provision of states, Judicial review.

• 3.From Australia- Concurrent List, Centre-State relationship, Language of the Preamble

• 4.From USSR- Fundamental Duties, Five year plan• 5.From Germany- Emergency provisions• 6.From Japan- Law on which the Supreme Court functions• 7.From Canada- Federal System and Residuary powers• 8.From South Africa- Procedure of constitutional amendment• 9.From Ireland- Concept of Directive Principles of state policy

• The Constitution of India is federal in nature.• Each state and each Union territory of India

has its own government. • Analogues to President and Prime Minister,

each has a Governor (in case of states) or Lieutenant Governor (in the case of Union territories) and a Chief Minister.

•  Article 370 of the Constitution gives special status to the State of Jammu and Kashmir.

Preamble of Our Constitution

• The ultimate source of all power is ‘ THE PEOPLE ’

• I. Sovereigntyii. Democracyiii. Secularism andiv. Socialism

are basic principles of our constitution.

• Sovereignty: This is the main feature of the Indian constitution. India is completely an independent country now. We are not subordinate or slave to any country in external or internal matters.(internally secure& powerful and externally independent)

• Democracy: Democracy means a government which is run by representatives who are elected on the basis of adult franchise.

• Secularism: The state gives equal treatment to all religions. It does not favor any particular religion. The constitution gives complete freedom to its citizens to practice and preach their own religion.

• Socialism: the achievement of socialism, based on economic and social equity, is the chief goal of our constitution. It provides equal opportunities in education, employment, justice to all.

Government of India

Executive Judiciary Legislative

The Parliament of India =the President of India + the two HousesLok Sabha (House of the People) and Rajya Sabha (Council of States).

The Supreme Court of India consists of a Chief Justice and 30 associate justices

The President of India, Vice President, Cabinet, executive departments and agencies.

The Indian Parliament 

• is the supreme legislative body in India.

• The Parliament comprises the President of India and the two Houses—Lok Sabha (House of the People) and Rajya Sabha (Council of States). 

Lok Sabha

• Lok Sabha is also known as the "House of the People" or the lower house and has members from 552(7 in Pakisthan occupied Kashmir+543+2)optional parliamentary constituencies.

• All of its members are directly elected by citizens of India on the basis of universal adult franchise, except two who are appointed by the President of India.

House of the People16th Lok Sabha ,Lower house of the Parliament of India

• Leadership Speaker

• Sumitra Mahajan, BJPDeputy Speaker

• M. Thambidurai, AIADMK• Leader of the House

• Narendra Modi, BJP• Leader of Opposition

• Vacant• StructureSeats 543 elected + 2 appointed+7 552• Political groups•      Government coalition(335)•      Opposition parties(206)

 Rajya Sabha• The Rajya Sabha is also known as

"Council of States " or the upper house.• The Rajya Sabha can have a maximum

of 252(7 in pak) members in all.•  233(229+4 in ut) members are to be

elected from States & Union Territories and 12 are to be nominated by The President of India.

• Type Upper House of the Parliament of India• Leadership• Chairman

– Mohammad Hamid Ansari, Indsince 11 August 2007 

• Deputy Chairman– P. J. Kurien, INC

since 21 August 2012

• Leader of the House– Arun Jaitley, BJP

since July 2014

• Leader of the Opposition– Ghulam Nabi Azad, INC

since July 2014

THE PRESIDENT

• There shall be a President of India. • The executive power of the Union shall

be vested in the President.• The Supreme command of the

Defence Forces of the Union.• Elected by the members of an

electoral college.• Shall hold office for a term of five

years.

The electoral college is made up of the following:

• elected members of the Rajya Sabha (upper house of the Parliament of India);

• elected members of the Lok Sabha (lower house of the Parliament of India);

• elected members of each state Legislative Assembly; and

• elected members of each union territory possessing an assembly (i.e., Delhi and Puducherry).

• Article 58 of the Constitution sets the principle qualifications one must meet to be eligible to the office of the President. A President must be:

• A citizen of India• Of 35 years of age or above• Qualified to become a member of the Lok Sabha• A person shall not be eligible for election as

President if he holds any office of profit under the Government of India or the Government of any State or under any local or other authority subject to the control of any of the said Governments.

THE VICE PRESIDENT

• The Vice President of India is the second-highest constitutional office in India, after the President.

• The Vice President shall act as President in absent of President due to the death, resignation, impeachment, or other situations.

• The Vice President of India is also Chairperson of the Rajya Sabha.

• The Vice-President is elected indirectly by members of an electoral college consisting of the members of both Houses of Parliament in accordance with the system of Proportional Representation by means of the Single transferable vote and the voting is by secret ballot.

COUNCIL OF MINISTERS

• Council of Ministers with the Prime Minister at the head to aid and advise the PresidentNot Exceed 15% of the total number of members of the House of the People.

• The President shall administer to them the oaths of office.

• Union Cabinet Minister: senior minister in-charge of a ministry.

• Minister of State (Independent Charges): with no overseeing union cabinet minister for that portfolio

• Minister of State (MoS): junior minister reporting to a cabinet minister, usually tasked with a specific responsibility in that ministry.

References

• http://rajyasabha.nic.in/• http://loksabha.nic.in/• http://www.constitution.org/cons/indi

a/const.html/• http://india.gov.in/my-government/co

nstitution-india• http://lawmin.nic.in/olwing/coi/coi-en

glish/coi-indexenglish.htm• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajya_S

abha• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lok_Sab

ha