Consti Law 2 Powerpoint March 2015

7/26/2019 Consti Law 2 Powerpoint March 2015

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CONSTITUTIONAL LAW IIBILL OF RIGHTS

DEAN TONY LA VIA


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A. FUNDAMENTAL POWERS OF THE STATE

A.1 Concept n! App"#ct#on

$ INHERENT POWERS OF THE STATE% Po"#ce po&e'(% Po&e' o) I**#nent Do*#nc% Po&e' o) T+t#on


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T,e tot"#t- o) o/e'n*ent" po&e' #0 cont#ne! #n t,'ee 'etpo&e'0 n*e"-2#. Po"#ce Po&e' 3 !e4ne! 0 t,e 5*o0t e00ent#" #n0#0tent n!t,e "e0t "#*#t("e po&e'0 e+ten!#n 0 #t !oe0 to "" t,e 'etp6("#c nee!0.7 8E'*#t9M"te Hote" n! Mote" Ope'to'0A00oc#t#on Inc. /. M-o' o) Mn#" L9:;6"- $1 1=


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Se"ecte! C0e0 on Po"#ce po&e'

9 E'*#t9M"te Hote" n! Mote" Ope'to'0 A00oc#t#on Inc. /.M-o' o) Mn#" L9:;6"- $1 1=


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C0e :CHURCHILL /0. RAFFERTY G.R. NO. L91?: Dece*(e' :1 1=1 8 $: P,#"%FACTS2T,e c0e '#0e0 )'o* t,e )ct t,t !e)en!nt Co""ecto' o) Inte'n" Re/en6e &o6"! "#@eto !e0t'o- o' 'e*o/e n- 0#n 0#n(o'! o' (#""(o'! t,e p'ope't- o) t,e p"#nt#0 )o't,e 0o"e 'e0on t,t 06c, 0#n 0#n(o'! o' (#""(o'! #0 o' *- (e oen0#/e to t,e0#,t. T,e p"#nt#0 ""ee ot,e'e. W0 t,e'e /"#! e+e'c#0e o) po"#ce po&e' #n t,#0c0eHELD2 Ye0. T,e'e cn (e no !o6(t t,t t,e e+e'c#0e o) t,e po"#ce po&e' o) t,e P,#"#pp#neGo/e'n*ent (e"on0 to t,e Le#0"t6'e n! t,t t,#0 po&e' #0 "#*#te! on"- (- t,e Act0 o)Con'e00 n! t,o0e )6n!*ent"0 p'#nc#p"e0 &,#c, "#e t t,e )o6n!t#on o) ""'ep6("#cn )o'*0 o) o/e'n*ent. An Act o) t,e Le#0"t6'e &,#c, #0 o(/#o60"- n!6n!o6(te!"- )o'e#n to n- o) t,e p6'po0e0 o) t,e po"#ce po&e' n! #nte')e'e0 t, t,eo'!#n'- eno-*ent o) p'ope't- &o6"! t,o6t !o6(t (e ,e"! to (e #n/"#!. B6t &,e'e

t,e Act #0 'e0on("- t,#n p'ope' con0#!e't#on o) n! c'e )o' t,e p6("#c ,e"t,0)et- o' co*)o't #t 0,o6"! not (e !#0t6'(e! (- t,e co6't0.


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##. Po&e' o) E*#nent Do*#n 9 t,e po&e' o) t,ent#on o' 0o/e'e#n 0tte to t@e o' to6t,o'#e t,e t@#n o) p'#/te p'ope't- )o' p6("#c 60e t,o6t t,e o&ne'J0 con0ent

con!#t#one! 6pon p-*ent o) 60t co*pen0t#on.8B'n- S#n!"n Sn Fe'nn!o P*pn /0.CA G.R. No. 1


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A.: Requisites for Valid Exercise

#. Re6#0#te0 o) /"#! po"#ce *e06'e2

8.% L&)6" S6(ect 3 t,e ct#/#t- o' p'ope't- 0o6,t to (e 'e6"te! ect0 t,e p6("#c &e")'e. It'e6#'e0 t,e p'#*c- o) t,e &e")'e o) t,e *n- o/e' t,e #nte'e0t0 o) t,e )e&.

8(.% L&)6" Men0 3 t,e *en0 e*p"o-e! *60t (e 'e0on("e n! *60t con)o'* to t,e 0)e6'!06'ntee! (- t,e B#"" o) R#,t0.

##. Re6#0#te0 )o' /"#! e+e'c#0e o) e*#nent !o*#n

8% P6("#c p6'po0e 3 ene'""- *en0 p6("#c !/nte con/en#ence o' (ene4t n! t,t n-t,#n

&,#c, ten!0 to en"'e t,e 'e0o6'ce0 #nc'e0e t,e #n!60t'#" ene'#e0 n! p'o*ote t,e p'o!6ct#/epo&e' o) n- con0#!e'("e n6*(e' o) t,e #n,(#tnt0 o) 0ect#on o) t,e 0tte o' &,#c, "e!0 to t,e'o&t, o) to&n0 n! t,e c'et#on o) ne& 'e0o6'ce0 )o' t,e e*p"o-*ent o) cp#t" n! "(o' &,#c,cont'#(6te0 to t,e ene'" &e")'e n! t,e p'o0pe'#t- o) t,e &,o"e co**6n#t-. 8B'n- S#n!"nSn Fe'nn!o P*pn /0. CA G.R. No. 1


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A.; L#*#tt#on0 on t,e )6n!*ent" po&e'0

A"t,o6, #n,e'ent n! #n!#0pen0("e t,e )6n!*ent" po&e'0 o) t,e 0tte 'e nott,o6t 'e0t'#ct#on090 o6'0 #0 o/e'n*ent o) "#*#te! po&e'0 e/en t,e0ep'e'ot#/e0 *- not (e e+e'c#0e '(#t''#"- to t,e p'e6!#ce o) t,e (#""0 o) '#,t0.T,e p'e06*pt#on #n "#(e't'#n 0oc#et#e0 #0 #n )/o' o) p'#/te '#,t0 n! #n0ttte*pt on t,e p't o) t,e 0tte to #nte')e'e t, t,e* Con0t#t6t#on" p'o/#0#on )o't,e 0ec6'#t- o) pe'0on0 n! p'ope't- 0,o6"! (e "#(e'""- con0t'6e!. Hence t,ee+e'c#0e o) t,e0e )6n!*ent" po&e'0 #0 06(ect t "" t#*e0 to t,e "#*#tt#on n!'e6#'e*ent0 o) t,e con0t#t6t#on n! *- #n p'ope' c0e0 (e nn6""e! (- t,e co6't0

o) 60t#ce.

A. Spec#4c S)e6'!0 #n t,e B#"" o) R#,t0

1% T,e '#,t to !6e p'oce00 n! e6" p'otect#on:% T,e p'o,#(#t#on #n0t 6n'e0on("e 0e'c,e0 n! 0e#6'e0$% )'ee!o* o) e+p'e00#on 0peec, p'e00 00e*("- 'e"##on t'/e"

;% t,e non9#*p#'*ent c"60e n!% t,e 6'ntee0 #n0t #n60t#ce to t,e cc60e!


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Sect#on 1 A't. III. No pe'0on 0,"" (e !ep'#/e! o) "#)e "#(e't-o' p'ope't- t,o6t !6e p'oce00 o) "& no' 0,"" n- pe'0on

(e !en#e! t,e e6" p'otect#on o) t,e "&0. L#)e It #0 not 60t p'otect#on o) t,e '#,t to (e "#/e o' to t,e 0ec6'#t- o) one0 "#*( #n0t p,-0#c",'*. T,e '#,t to "#)e #0 t,e '#,t to oo! "#)e... "#)e o) !#n#t- n!... !ecent 0tn!'! o)"#/#n.:. L#(e't-81% )'ee!o* to !o '#,t n! ne/e' &'on8M(#n#%

8:% '#,t to (e )'ee )'o* '(#t''- pe'0on" 'e0t'#nt o' 0e'/#t6!e$. P'ope't- n-t,#n t,t cn co*e 6n!e' t,e '#,t o) o&ne'0,#p n! (e t,e 06(ect o) cont'ct "" t,#n0 t,#n t,e co**e'ce o) *n Ho&e/e' one cnnot ,/e /e0te! '#,t to p6("#coce 0 t,#0 #0 not 'e'!e! 0 p'ope't-. I) c'ete! (- 0tt6e #t *- (e (o"#0,e! (- t,e"e#0"t6'e t n- t#*e. Me'e p'#/#"ee0 'e not p'ope't- '#,t0 n! 'e t,e'e)o'e 'e/oc("e t""

A0pect0 o) D6e P'oce00

1. S6(0tnt#/e D6e P'oce00 :. P'oce!6'" D6e P'oce00

A0 06(0tnt#/e 'e6#'e*ent #t #0 p'o,#(#t#on o) '(#t''- "&0.

A0 p'oce!6'" 'e6#'e*ent #t 'e"te0 c,#e- to t,e *o!e o) p'oce!6'e &,#c, o/e'n*entenc#e0 *60t )o""o& #n t,e en)o'ce*ent n! pp"#ct#on o) "&0. It #0 6'ntee o) p'oce!6'")#'ne00.


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B. DUE PROCESS

B.; P'oce!6'" D6e P'oce00 #n P,#"#pp#ne >6'#0p'6!ence

A0 e'"- 0 1= t,e P,#"#pp#ne S6p'e*e Co6't #n t,e c0e o) U.S. /.L#n S6 Fn 1 P,#". 1;111911: 81=% *!e n tte*pt to !e4ne5D6e P'oce00 0 9

F#'0t. T,t t,e'e 0,"" (e "& p'e0c'#(e! #n ,'*on- t, t,e ene'"po&e'0 o) t,e "e#0"t#/e !ep't*ent o) t,e Go/e'n*entK Secon!. T,tt,#0 "& 0,"" (e 'e0on("e #n #t0 ope't#onK T,#'!. T,t #t 0,"" (een)o'ce! cco'!#n to t,e 'e6"' *et,o!0 o) p'oce!6'e p'e0c'#(e!Kn! Fo6't,. T,t #t 0,"" (e pp"#c("e "#@e to "" t,e c#t#en0 o) t,e0tte o' to "" o) c"00.


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An! #n Fo'(e0 /. C,6oco T#co 1< P,#". $; ?: 81=1% t,e Co6't !e4ne! 5!6ep'oce007 0

D6e p'oce00 o) "& #n n- p't#c6"' c0e *en0 06c, n e+e'c#0e o) t,e po&e'0o) t,e o/e'n*ent 0 t,e 0ett"e! *+#*0 o) "& pe'*#t n! 0nct#on n! 6n!e'06c, 0)e6'!0 )o' t,e p'otect#on o) #n!#/#!6" '#,t0 0 t,o0e *+#*0 p'e0c'#(e)o' t,e c"00 o) c0e0 to &,#c, t,e one #n 6e0t#on0 (e"on0. 8U. S. /0. L#n S6 Fn1 P,#". Rep. 1; 111K Mo-e' /0. Pe(o!- :1: U. S. ?K M6''- /0. Ho(o@enLn! n! I*p'o/e*ent Co. 1 Ho&. :?:K U. S. /0. >6 To- 1= U. S. :$ :


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C0e 12U.S. /. To'#(#o 1 P,#". 81=1%

Fct02 So*et#*e #n t,e 1=0 To'#(#o pp"#e! )o' "#cen0e to ,/e ,#0 c'(o

(e 0"6,te'e!. H#0 'e6e0t &0 !en#e! (ec60e ,#0 c'(o #0 )o6n! not to (e6n4t )o' &o'@. He ne/e't,e"e00 0"6,te'e! ,#0 c'(o t,o6t t,e nece00'-"#cen0e. He &0 e/ent6""- 06e! n! &0 0entence! (- t,e t'#" co6't. H#0co6n0e" #n one &- o' t,e ot,e' '6e! t,t t,e "& *n!t#n t,t one 0,o6"!c6#'e pe'*#t to 0"6,te' ,#0 c'(o #0 not /"#! e+e'c#0e o) po"#cepo&e'.

ISSUE2 W,et,e' o' not t,e 0#! "& #0 /"#!.

HELD2 T,e SC '6"e! #n0t To'#(#o. T,e SC e+p"#ne! t,t #t 5#0 not t@#n o)t,e p'ope't- )o' p6("#c 60e t,#n t,e *en#n o) t,e con0t#t6t#on (6t #0 60tn! "e#t#*te e+e'c#0e o) t,e po&e' o) t,e "e#0"t6'e to 'e6"te n! 'e0t'#n06c, p't#c6"' 60e o) t,e p'ope't- 0 &o6"! (e #ncon0#0tent t, o' #n6'#o60 tot,e '#,t0 o) t,e p6("#c0. A"" p'ope't- #0 c6#'e! n! ,e"! 6n!e' t,e tc#tcon!#t#on t,t #t 0,"" not (e 0o 60e! 0 to #n6'e t,e e6" '#,t0 o) ot,e'0 o'

'et"- #*p#' t,e p6("#c '#,t0 n! #nte'e0t0 o) t,e co**6n#t-.7


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V#o"t#on o) S6(0tnt#/e !6e p'oce00

Ynot /. IAC G.R. No. ?;;? M'c, : 1=? en6nc#te! t,e *#n#*6* 'e6#'e*ent0o) p'oce!6'" !6e p'oce002 81% not#ceK 8:% ,e'#nK e+cept#on0K n! 06(0tnt#/e !6ep'oce002 81% p6("#c #nte'e0t 'e6#'e0 o/e'n*ent #nte')e'enceK 8:% 'e0on("e *en0nece00'- )o' t,e cco*p"#0,*ent o) t,e p6'po0e

C0e :.

B.< D6e p'oce00 #n A!*#n#0t't#/e P'ocee!#n0

An T#(- /. CIR


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8cont. An T#(-%

:% Not on"- *60t t,e p't- (e #/en n oppo't6n#t- to p'e0ent ,#0 c0e n! to !!6ce e/#!enceten!#n to e0t("#0, t,e '#,t0 &,#c, ,e 00e't0 (6t t,e t'#(6n" *60t con0#!e' t,e e/#!encep'e0ente!.

8$% W,#"e t,e !6t- to !e"#(e'te !oe0 not #*po0e t,e o("#t#on to !ec#!e '#,t #t !oe0 #*p"- nece00#t- &,#c, cnnot (e !#0'e'!e! n*e"- t,t o) ,/#n 0o*et,#n to 06ppo't #t0 !ec#0#on. A!ec#0#on t, (0o"6te"- not,#n to 06ppo't #t #0 n6""#t- p"ce &,en !#'ect"- ttc,e!.

8;% Not on"- *60t t,e'e (e 0o*e e/#!ence to 06ppo't 4n!#n o' conc"60#on (6t t,e e/#!ence*60t (e 506(0tnt#".7 S6(0tnt#" e/#!ence #0 *o'e t,n *e'e 0c#nt#"" It *en0 06c, 'e"e/nte/#!ence 0 'e0on("e *#n! *#,t ccept 0 !e6te to 06ppo't conc"60#on.

8% T,e !ec#0#on *60t (e 'en!e'e! on t,e e/#!ence p'e0ente! t t,e ,e'#n o' t "e0tcont#ne! #n t,e 'eco'! n! !#0c"o0e! to t,e p't#e0 ecte!.

8


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In !*#n#0t't#/e p'ocee!#n0 t,e 6nt6* o) p'oo) 'e6#'e! #0 on"- 06(0tnt#"e/#!ence 06c, 'e"e/nt e/#!ence 0 'e0on("e *#n! *#,t ccept 0!e6te to 06ppo't conc"60#on. T,e "& #0 /6e &,en #t "c@0 co*p'e,en0#("e 0tn!'!0 t,t *en 5o) co**on#nte""#ence *60t nece00'#"- 6e00 0 to #t0 *en#n n! !#e' 0 to #t0pp"#ct#on.

It #0 'ep6nnt to t,e Con0t#t6t#on #n t&o 'e0pect02

#t /#o"te0 !6e p'oce00 )o' )#"6'e to cco'! pe'0on0 )#' not#ce o) con!6ct to/o#!K n! #t "e/e0 "& en)o'ce'0 6n('#!"e! !#0c'et#on #n c''-#n o6t #t0 p'o/#0#on0 n!(eco*e0 '(#t''- e+#n o) t,e Go/e'n*ent *60c"e.

In E0t'! /0. Sn!#n(-n #t &0 ,e"! t,t t,e'e &0 no /#o"t#on o) !6e

p'oce00 (ec60e t,e nt6'e o) t,e c,'e0 #n0t t,e pet#t#one' #0 not 6nce't#nn! /o#! *e'e"- (ec60e ene'" te'*0 'e 60e! o' (ec60e #t e*p"o-e! te'*0t,t &e'e not !e4ne!. T,e Ant#9P"6n!e' "& !oe0 not /#o"te !6e p'oce00 0#nce #t!e4ne0 t,e ct &,#c, #t p6'po't0 to p6n#0, #/#n t,e cc60e! )#' &'n#n o) t,ec,'e0 #n0t ,#* n! cn eect#/e"- #nte'po0e !e)en0e #n0t on ,#0(e,").


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C0e $

D#o0!!o G6*n /0. Nt#on" Un#/e'0#t- G.R. No. L96"- 11 1=UDG E.$.T,e 6!e *60t EAMINE UNDER OATH t,e co*p"#nnt n! t,e tne00e0,e *- p'o!6ce. ;.T,e &''nt *60t PARTICULARLYDESCRIBE t,e p"ce to (e0e'c,e! n! pe'0on o' t,#n0 to (e 0e#e!

W,t #0 t,e concept o) 0e'c, &''nt. It #0 c'#*#n" p'oce00 @#n to *o!e o) !#0co/e'-(. It #0 0pec#" n! pec6"#' 'e*e!- &,#c, #0 !'0t#c #n nt6'e

A'e 0e'c, n! 0e#6'e0 p'o,#(#te! 6n!e' t,e con0t#t6t#onc. No. T,e con0t#t6t#on" 6'ntee e*(o!#e! #n A't#c"e $ Sect#on : o) t,eCon0t#t6t#on #0 not ("n@et p'o,#(#t#on #n0t "" 0e'c,e0 n! 0e#6'e0 0

#t ope'te0 on"- #n0t 6n'e0on("e 0e'c,e0 n! 0e#6'e0


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W,en #0 t,e 0e'c, o' 0e#6'e 6n'e0on("e!. A 0e'c, n! 0e#6'e #0 6n'e0on("e #) #t #0 *!e t,o6t &''nt o't,e &''nt &0 #n/"#!"- #006e!.

e. In "" #n0tnce0 &,t con0t#t6te0 'e0on("e o' 6n'e0on("e 0e'c, o'0e#6'e #0 p6'e"- 6!#c#" 6e0t#on !ete'*#n("e )'o* con0#!e't#on o) t,etten!nt c#'c6*0tnce0.

W,t 'e t,e t,'ee 0#t6t#on0 &,e'e#n t,e'e *60t (e 4n!#n o) p'o(("e c60e1. P'o(("e c60e #n 4"#n o) n #n)o'*t#on Fct0 n! c#'c6*0tnce0 t,t &o6"! enen!e' &e""9'o6n!e! (e"#e)t,t c'#*e ,0 (een co**#tte! n! t,e pe'0on to (e c,'e! #0 p'o(("-

6#"t- t,e'eo):. P'o(("e c60e #n t,e #006nce o) 0e'c, &''nt Fct0 n! c#'c6*0tnce0 t,t &o6"! "e! 'e0on("e !#0c'eet n!p'6!ent *n to (e"#e/e t,t t,e'e ,0 (een c'#*e co**#tte! n! t,e t,#n0n! o(ect0 connecte! to t,e c'#*e co**#tte! 'e #n t,e p"ce to (e 0e'c,e!$. P'o(("e c60e #n t,e #006nce o) &''nt o) ''e0t Fct0 n! c#'c6*0tnce0 t,t &o6"! enen!e' &e""9'o6n!e! (e"#e)t,t c'#*e ,0 (een co**#tte! n! t,e pe'0on to (e ''e0te! co**#tte! #t


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W,- 'e t,e 'e6#'e*ent0 )o' t,e #006nce o) 0e'c, &''nt *o'e0t'#nent t,n t,e 'e6#'e*ent0 )o' t,e #006nce o) &''nt o) ''e0t

). T,e '#,t #n0t 6n'e0on("e 0e'c, n! 0e#6'e #0 co'e '#,t #*p"#c#t #n

t,e nt6'" '#,t to "#)e "#(e't- n! p'ope't-. E/en #n t,e (0ence o) con0t#t6t#on #n!#/#!6"0 ,/e )6n!*ent" n! nt6'" '#,t #n0t6n'e0on("e 0e'c, n! 0e#6'e 6n!e' nt6'" "&.. Mo'eo/e' t,e /#o"t#on o) t,e '#,t to p'#/c- p'o!6ce0 ,6*#"#t#neect t,t cnnot (e 'ect#4e! n-*o'e.,. T,#0 #0 &,- t,e'e #0 no ot,e' 60t#4ct#on to 0pe@ o) )o' 0e'c, e+cept )o' &''nt.

#. On t,e ot,e' ,n! #n &''nt o) ''e0t t,e pe'0on to (e ''e0te!cn "&-0 po0t (#" to p'e/ent t,e !ep'#/t#on o) "#(e't-.

Sec. :. Co6't &,e'e pp"#ct#on )o' 0e'c, &''nt 0,"" (e 4"e!. 3 An pp"#ct#on)o' 0e'c, &''nt 0,"" (e 4"e! t, t,e )o""on2

8% An- co6't t,#n &,o0e te''#to'#" 6'#0!#ct#on c'#*e &0 co**#tte!.

8(% Fo' co*pe""#n 'e0on0 0tte! #n t,e pp"#ct#on n- co6't t,#n t,e6!#c#" 'e#on &,e'e t,e c'#*e &0 co**#tte! #) t,e p"ce o) t,e co**#00#ono) t,e c'#*e #0 @no&n o' n- co6't t,#n t,e 6!#c#" 'e#on &,e'e t,e &''nt0,"" (e en)o'ce!.

Ho&e/e' #) t,e c'#*#n" ct#on ,0 "'e!- (een 4"e! t,e pp"#ct#on0,"" on"- (e *!e #n t,e co6't &,e'e t,e c'#*#n" ct#on #0 pen!#n.


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W,t *- (e t,e 06(ect o) 0e'c, &''nt1. S6(ect o) t,e oen0eK:. Sto"en o' e*(e"e! n! ot,e' p'ocee!0 o' )'6#t0 o) t,e oen0eK o'

$. U0e! o' #nten!e! to (e 60e! 0 t,e *en0 o) co**#tt#n noen0e.

W,t 'e t,e 'e6#0#te0 o) /"#! 0e'c, &''nt

1. T,e'e *60t (e p'o(("e c60e)ct0 n! c#'c6*0tnce0 t,t &o6"! enen!e' &e""9)o6n!e! (e"#e) #n 'e0on("e p'6!ent n! !#0c'eet *n t,t c'#*e ,0 (een

co**#tte! n! t,e t,#n0 n! o(ect0 to (e 0e#e! cn (e )o6n! #n t,e p"ce to (e0e'c,e!:. W,#c, *60t (e !ete'*#ne! (- t,e 6!e pe'0on""- t,'o6, 0e'c,#n n!p'o(#n 6e0t#on06e0t#on0 not *e'e"- n0&e'("e (- -e0 o' no (6t co6"! (e

n0&e'e! (- t,e pp"#cnt n! t,e tne00e0 on )ct0 pe'0on""- @no&n to t,e*$. 8Upon &,o*% T,e co*p"#nnt n! t,e tne00e0 ,e *- p'o!6ce 'epe'0on""- e+*#ne! (- t,e 6!e #n &'#t#n n! 6n!e' ot, n! '*t#on;. 8B0e! on &,t% T,e pp"#cnt n! t,e tne00e0 te0t#)- on )ct0 pe'0on""-

@no&n to t,e*. T,e p'o(("e c60e *60t (e #n connect#on t, t,e 0pec#4c oen0e


27/153

W,t 'e t,e 'e6#0#te0 o) t,e pe'0on" e+*#nt#on t,t t,e 6!e *60tcon!6ct (e)o'e #006#n t,e 0e'c, &''nt

1. T,e 6!e *60t e+*#ne t,e tne00 pe'0on""-:. T,e e+*#nt#on *60t (e 6n!e' ot,$. T,e e+*#nt#on *60t (e 'e!6ce! #nto &'#t#n #n t,e )o'* o) 0e'c,#n6e0t#on0 n! n0&e'0

Fo' ,o& "on #0 t,e 0e'c, &''nt /"#!

. It #0 /"#! )o' 1 !-0 )te' &,#c, t,e po"#ce oce' 0,o6"! *@e 'et6'n to t,e 6!e&,o #006e! #t. I) t,e po"#ce oce' !oe0nJt *@e 'et6'n t,e 6!e 0,o6"! 06**on ,#* n!'e6#'e ,#* to e+p"#n &,- no 'et6'n &0 *!e((. I) t,e 'et6'n &0 *!e t,e 6!e 0,o6"! !ete'*#ne #) t,e pece oce' #006e! t,e'ece#pt to t,e occ6pnt o) t,e p'e*#0e0 )'o* &,#c, t,e t,#n0 &e'e [email protected]. T,e 6!e 0,"" "0o o'!e' t,e !e"#/e'- to t,e co6't o) t,e t,#n0 0e#e!.

I) t,e &''nt &0 e+ec6te! e/en (e)o'e t,e e+p#'t#on o) t,e 19!- pe'#o! cn t,epece oce' 60e t,e &''nt #n (e)o'e #t e+p#'e0

!!. No o) t,e p6'po0e )o' &,#c, #t &0 #006e! ,0 "'e!- (een c''#e! o6t t,e&''nt cnnot (e 60e! n-*o'e.ee. T,e e+cept#on #0 #) t,e 0e'c, &0nJt 4n#0,e! t,#n 1 !- t,e &''nt cn0t#"" (e 60e! t,e ne+t !- p'o/#!e! #t #0 0t#"" t,#n t,e 19!- pe'#o!


28/153

In &,t #n0tnce0 &o6"! 0e'c, n! 0e#6'e t,o6t &''nt (e ""o&e!

1. A &''nt"e00 0e'c, #nc#!ent" to "&)6" ''e0t

. A''e0t *60t (e "&)6"(. It *60t (e conte*po'neo60 t, t,e ''e0t #n (ot, t#*e n! p"cec. W#t,#n t,e /#c#n#t- o) t,e pe'0on ''e0te! #**e!#te cont'o" &,#c,

#0 t,e e/#!ence o) t,e oen0e o' &epon:. Se'c, o) e/#!ence #n p"#n /#e&$. Se'c, o) *o/#n /e,#c"e

. M60t (e c6'0o'-

(. Cnt *@e t,o'o6, 0e'c,K 60t ,/e to t@e "oo@K not to opent'6n@0;. Con0ente! &''nt"e00 0e'c,e0

. T,e '#,t e+#0t0(. Pe'0on *@#n t,e con0ent @no&0 t,t ,e ,0 t,e '#,tc. In 0p#te o) t,e @no&"e!e o) t,e '#,t ,e /o"6nt'#"- n! #nte""#ent"-

#/e0 ,#0 con0ent. C60to*0 0e'c,e0


29/153

W,t 'e t,e #n0tnce0 o) pe'*#00#("e &''nt"e00 ''e0t

1. A''e0t #n 'nte !e"#cto

:. A''e0t eecte! #n ,ot p6'06#t$. A''e0t0 o) e0cpe! p'#0one'0

W,en #0 t,e &''nt"e00 0e'c, o) *o/#n /e,#c"e ""o&e! It #0 ""o&e! &,en #t #0 not p'ct#c("e to 0ec6'e &''nt

W,t 'e t,e 'e6#'e*ent0 #n &''nt"e00 0e'c, #nc#!ent" to "&)6" ''e0t1. A''e0t *60t (e "&)6":. It *60t (e conte*po'neo60 t, t,e ''e0t #n (ot, t#*e n! p"ce

$. W#t,#n t,e /#c#n#t- o) t,e pe'0on ''e0te! #**e!#te cont'o" &,#c, #0 t,ee/#!ence o) t,e oen0e o' &epon

W,o 0,o6"! #/e con0ent to &''nt"e00 0e'c, n! &,t 'e t,e 'e6#0#te0

On"- t,e pe'0on &,o0e '#,t *- (e /#o"te! cn #/e t,e con0entK #t #0 pe'0on" '#,t t,t cnnot (e /#"e! o) (- t,#'! p't#e0. T,e 'e6#0#te0 'e21. T,e pe'0on ,0 @no&"e!e o) ,#0 '#,t #n0t t,e 0e'c,

:. He )'ee"- n! #nte""#ent"- #/e0 ,#0 con0ent #n 0p#te o) 06c, @no&"e!e

W,t 'e t,e 'e6#0#te0 )o' t,e p"#n /#e& !oct'#ne to pp"-1. T,e'e *60t ,/e (een p'#o' /"#! #nt'60#on (0e! on t,e &''nt"e00 ''e0t #n&,#c, t,e po"#ce 'e "e""- p'e0ent #n t,e p6'06#t o) t,e#' oc#" !6t#e0:. T,e e/#!ence &0 #n!/e'tent"- !#0co/e'e! (- t,e po"#ce &,o ,! t,e '#,t to (e &,e'et,e- 'e$. T,e e/#!ence *60t (e #**e!#te"- pp'ent

;. T,e'e &0 no nee! )o' )6't,e' 0e'c,


30/153

W,t #0 0top n! )'#0@ 0#t6t#on &,en #0 #t /"#! It #0 0#t6t#on &,e'e#n t,e'e #0 "#*#te! p'otect#/e 0e'c, o) o6te'c"ot,#n )o' &epon0

W,#"e p'o(("e c60e #0 not 'e6#'e! to con!6ct 0top n! )'#0@ *e'e 060p#c#ono' ,6nc, "" not /"#!te 06c, p'oce!6'e. A en6#ne 'e0on *60t e+#0t #n "#,t o) t,e po"#ce oce'J0 e+pe'#ence n!06''o6n!#n con!#t#on0 to &''nt t,e (e"#e) t,t t,e pe'0on ,0 !et#ne! t,e&epon0 conce"e! (o6t ,#*.

C0e 1W''nt"e00 Se'c, o) *o/#n /e,#c"e

Pp /. Mo

Fct02 Pet#t#one' M't#n A"o ,e! o) t,e co6nte'9#nte""#ence 6n#t o) t,e Mn#" Po"#ceDep't*ent ct#n 6pon 'e"#("e #n)o'*t#on to t,e eect t,t ce't#n 0,#p*ent o)pe'0on" eect0 ""ee!"- *#0!ec"'e! n! 6n!e'/"6e! &o6"! (e 'e"e0e! t,e )o""on !-)'o* t,e c60to*0 one o) t,e po't o) Mn#" n! "o!e! on t&o t'6c@0. W,en t,e t'6c@0 "e)tte No.1 t (o6t ;2$ e"e*ent0 o) t,e co6nte'9#nte""#ence 6n#t &ent )te' t,e t'6c@0 n!#nte'cepte! t,e*. T,e "o! o) t,e t&o t'6c@0 con0#0t#n o) n#ne ("e0 o) oo!0 n! t,e t&o

t'6c@0 &e'e 0e#e!. T,e 'e0pon!ent Mo 4"e! pet#t#on )o' *n!*60 n! ce't#o''#(e)o'e t,e CFI Mn#" conten!#n t,t t,e 0e'c, n! 0e#6'e #0 #""e" )o' "c@ o) /"#!&''nt. Mo'eo/e' 0,e "0o conten!0 t,t 06c, 't#c"e0 0o6,t )'o* ,e' #0 not #nc"6!e! (-t,e "& )o' p'o,#(#te! #*po'tt#on n! t,t #t no "one' 6n!e' t,e cont'o" o) t,e T'# n!C60to*0 co!e )o' #t 8't#c"e0% &e'e "'e!- 0o"! to t,e pet#t#one'. S,e "0o conten!0 t,t t,e0e'c, 0e#6'e con!6cte! (- t,e 'e0pon!ent0 'e #""e""- (e#n *!e o6t0#!e t,e 6'#0!#ct#ono) t,e BOC n! t,t t,e 06(0e6ent 0e'c, &''nt #006e! (- t,e co""ecto' o) c60to*0 #0 not/"#! (e#n not #006e! (- 6!e.


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He"!2 No. #t #0 /"#! 0e#6'e. T,e C,#e) o) t,e Mn#" Po"#ce Dep't*ent R#c'!oG. Pp ,/#n (een !ep6t#e! #n &'#t#n (- t,e Co**#00#one' o) C60to*0 co6"!)o' t,e p6'po0e0 o) t,e en)o'ce*ent o) t,e c60to*0 n! t'# "&0 eect

0e'c,e0 0e#6'e0 n! ''e0t0 n! #t &0 ,#0 !6t- to *@e 0e#6'e *onot,e'0 o) n- c'o 't#c"e0 o' ot,e' *o/("e p'ope't- &,en t,e 0*e *- (e06(ect to )o')e#t6'e o' "#("e )o' n- 4ne #*po0e! 6n!e' c60to*0 n! t'# "&0.He co6"! "&)6""- open n! e+*#ne n- (o+ t'6n@ en/e"ope o' ot,e' cont#ne'&,e'e/e' )o6n! &,en ,e ,! 'e0on("e c60e to 060pect t,e p'e0ence t,e'e#n o)!6t#("e 't#c"e0 #nt'o!6ce! #nto t,e P,#"#pp#ne0 cont''- to "&K n! "#@ee to0top 0e'c, n! e+*#ne n- /e,#c"e (e0t o' pe'0on 'e0on("- 060pecte! o)

,o"!#n o' con/e-#n 06c, 't#c"e 0 )o'e0#! It cnnot (e !o6(te! t,e'e)o'e t,tpet#t#one' R#c'!o G. Pp C,#e) o) Po"#ce o) Mn#" co6"! "&)6""- eect t,e0e'c, n! 0e#6'e o) t,e oo!0 #n 6e0t#on. . . It #0 o6' con0#!e'e! /#e& t,e'e)o'et,t e+cept #n t,e c0e o) t,e 0e'c, o) !&e""#n ,o60e pe'0on0 e+e'c#0#n po"#ce6t,o'#t- 6n!e' t,e c60to*0 "& *- eect 0e'c, n! 0e#6'e t,o6t 0e'c,&''nt #n t,e en)o'ce*ent o) c60to*0 "&0.


32/153

C0e :Stop n! )'#0@Po0!0 /. Co6't o) Appe"0 1 SCRA :

Fct02 Me*(e'0 o) t,e Inte'te! Nt#on" Po"#ce 8INP% con!6cte! 06'/e#""nce "on M""ne0 St'eetD/o C#t-. W,#"e #n t,e /#c#n#t- o) R#" Me*o'#" Co""ee0 t,e- 0potte! pet#t#one' c''-#n (6'# (n! t,e- not#ce! ,#* to (e ct#n 060p#c#o60"-. T,e- pp'oc,e! t,e pet#t#one' n! #!ent#4e! t,e*0e"/e00 *e*(e'0 o) t,e INP. Pet#t#one' tte*pte! to ee (6t ,#0 tte*pt to et &- &0 6n06cce00)6". T,e-t,en c,ec@e! t,e (6'# ( o) t,e pet#t#one' &,e'e t,e- )o6n! one 81% c"#(e' .$ S*#t, X We00on'e/o"/e' t&o 8:% 'o6n!0 o) "#/e **6n#t#on )o' .$ c"#(e' 6n 0*o@e 8te' 0% 'en!e n! t&o 8:%"#/e **6n#t#on0 )o' .:: c"#(e' 6n. T,e- ('o6,t t,e pet#t#one' to t,e po"#ce 0tt#on )o' )6't,e'#n/e0t#t#on. In t,e co6'0e o) t,e 0*e t,e pet#t#one' &0 0@e! to 0,o& t,e nece00'- "#cen0e o'6t,o'#t- to po00e00 4'e'*0 n! **6n#t#on0 )o6n! #n ,#0 po00e00#on (6t ,e )#"e! to !o 0o. He &0p'o0ec6te! )o' #""e" po00e00#on o) 4'e'*0 n! **6n#t#on0 #n t,e Re#on" T'#" Co6't o) D/o C#t-.

I006e2 W,et,e' o' Not t,e &'nt"e00 0e'c, #0 /"#!.

He"!2 In 60t#)-#n t,e &''nt"e00 0e'c, o) t,e (6'# ( t,en c''#e! (- t,e pet#t#one' '6e0 t,t 6n!e'Sect#on 1: R6"e 1$< o) t,e R6"e0 o) Co6't pe'0on "&)6""- ''e0te! *- (e 0e'c,e! )o' !ne'o60&epon0 o' n-t,#n 60e! 0 p'oo) o) co**#00#on o) n oen0e t,o6t 0e'c, &''nt. It #0 )6't,e'""ee! t,t t,e ''e0t t,o6t &''nt o) t,e pet#t#one' &0 "&)6" 6n!e' t,e c#'c6*0tnce0.

#n t,e c0e t (' t,e'e #0 no 6e0t#on t,t #n!ee! #t #0 'e0on("e con0#!e'#n t,t #t &0 eecte! on

t,e (0#0 o) p'o(("e c60e. T,e p'o(("e c60e #0 t,t &,en t,e pet#t#one' cte! 060p#c#o60"- n!tte*pte! to ee t, t,e (6'# ( t,e'e &0 p'o(("e c60e t,t ,e &0 conce"#n 0o*et,#n #""e"#n t,e ( n! #t &0 t,e '#,t n! !6t- o) t,e po"#ce oce'0 to #n0pect t,e 0*e.

It #0 too *6c, #n!ee! to 'e6#'e t,e po"#ce oce'0 to 0e'c, t,e ( #n t,e po00e00#on o) t,e pet#t#one'on"- )te' t,e- 0,"" ,/e o(t#ne! 0e'c, &''nt )o' t,e p6'po0e. S6c, n e+e'c#0e *- p'o/e to (e60e"e00 )6t#"e n! *6c, too "te.

C"e'"- t,e 0e'c, #n t,e c0e t (' cn (e 060t#ne! 6n!e' t,e e+cept#on0 ,e'eto)o'e !#0c600e! n!,ence t,e con0t#t6t#on" 6'ntee #n0t 6n'e0on("e 0e'c,e0 n! 0e#6'e0 ,0 not (een /#o"te!.


33/153

C0e $

Stone,#"" /0. D#o@no : SCRA :$ 81=


34/153

So*e !oct'#ne0 on &''nt"e00 0e'c, n! 0e#6'e

No"0co /. Pno 1$: SCRA 1: 81=3 't#c"e0 0e#e! (- /o#! &''nt0 0,o6"! (e 'et6ne!

to #t0 o&ne'0

Peop"e /. CFI o) R#" ZGR L9;16"- 1==; 3 E6'oc' S"e0 Oce 3 c'#*e &0 #n )ct(e#n co**#tte! 3 0e'c, #nc#!ent" to "&)6" ''e0t /"#!


35/153

C.$ Le" Note0 on A''e0t W''nt

W,en *- &''nt o) ''e0t (e #006e!

\ #) #006e! (- t,e RTC1. t,#n ten 81% !-0 )'o* t,e 4"#n o) t,e co*p"#nt o' #n)o'*t#on t,e 6!e 0,""pe'0on""- e/"6te t,e 'e0o"6t#on o) t,e p'o0ec6to' n! #t0 06ppo't#n e/#!ence.:. ,e *- #**e!#te"- !#0*#00 t,e c0e #) t,e e/#!ence on 'eco'! c"e'"- )#"0 to e0t("#0,p'o(("e c60e.$. #) ,e 4n!0 p'o(("e c60e ,e 0,"" #006e &''nt o) ''e0t o' co**#t*ent o'!e' #) t,ecc60e! ,0 "'e!- (een ''e0te! p6'06nt to &''nt #006e! (- t,e *tc 6!e &,ocon!6cte! t,e p'e"#*#n'- #n/e0t#t#on o' &,en t,e co*p"#nt o' #n)o'*t#on &0 4"e!p6'06nt to 0ect#on ? o) t,#0 '6"e.

o pn- /. n- *o!#4e! t,#0 '6"e (- p'o/#!#n t,t #n/e0t#t#n 6!e0J po&e' to o'!e' t,e''e0t o) t,e cc60e! #0 "#*#te! to #n0tnce0 &,e'e t,e'e #0 nece00#t- )o' p"c#n ,#* #nc60to!- #n o'!e' not to )'60t'te t,e en!0 o) 60t#ce;. #n c0e o) !o6(t on t,e e+#0tence o) p'o(("e c60e t,e 6!e *- o'!e' t,ep'o0ec6to' to p'e0ent !!#t#on" e/#!ence t,#n 4/e 8% !-0 )'o* not#ce n! t,e #006e *60t(e 'e0o"/e! (- t,e co6't t,#n t,#'t- 8$% !-0 )'o* t,e 4"#n o) t,e co*p"#nt o) #n)o'*t#on.. #) t,e &''nt o) ''e0t #0 #006e! (- t,e *tc n! #) t,e p'e"#*#n'- #n/e0t#t#on &0con!6cte! (- t,e p'o0ec6to' t,e 0*e p'oce!6'e 0 (o/e #0 )o""o&e!

W,en #0 &''nt o) ''e0t not nece00'-\ &''nt o) ''e0t #0 not nece00'- #n t,e )o""on #n0tnce021. &,en t,e cc60e! #0 "'e!- #n !etent#on #006e! (- t,e *tc:. &,en t,e cc60e! &0 ''e0te! (- /#'t6e o) "&)6" ''e0t t,o6t &''nt$. &,en t,e pen"t- #0 o) 4ne on"-;. t,o0e co/e'e! (- 06**'- p'oce!6'e


36/153

W#t,#n &,t pe'#o! *60t &''nt o) ''e0t (e 0e'/e!

\ t,e'e #0 no "#*#tt#on o) pe'#o!\ &''nt o) ''e0t #0 /"#! 6nt#" t,e ''e0t #0 eecte! o' t,e &''nt "#)te!\ t,e ,e! o) t,e oce to &,o* t,e &''nt &0 !e"#/e'e! *60t c60e #t to (ee+ec6te! t,#n 1 !-0 )'o* #t0 'ece#pt n! t,e oce' to &,o* #t #0 00#ne!*60t *@e 'epo't to t,e 6!e &,o #006e! t,e &''nt t,#n 1 !-0 )'o* t,ee+p#'t#on o) t,e pe'#o!. #) ,e )#"0 to e+ec6te #t ,e 0,o6"! 0tte t,e 'e0on0t,e'e)o'e.

W,en #0 o,n !oe &''nt /"#! 'e t,e- /"#!

\ o,n !oe &''nt #0 &''nt )o' t,e pp'e,en0#on o) pe'0on &,o0e t'6e n*e #0 6n@no&n\ ene'""- t,#0 @#n! o) &''nt0 'e /o#! (ec60e t,e /#o"te t,e con0t#t6t#on" p'o/#0#on &,#c,'e6#'e0 t,t &''nt0 o) ''e0t0 0,o6"! p't#c6"'"- !e0c'#(e t,e pe'0on o' pe'0on0 to (e ''e0te!\ (6t #) t,e'e #0 06c#ent !e0c'#pt#on to #!ent#)- t,e pe'0on to (e ''e0te! t,e &''nt #0 /"#!

Re*e!#e0 o) p't- #n0t &,o* &''nt o) ''e0t ,0 (een #006e!

\ A p't- #n0t &,o* &''nt o) ''e0t ,0 (een #006e! *-1. po0t (#":. 0@ )o' 'e#n/e0t#t#on$. 4"e *ot#on to 60, #n)o'*t#on;. 4"e pet#t#on )o' 'e/#e&. #) !en#e! ,e *- ppe" t,e 6!*ent )te' t'#" 8no ce't#o''#%


37/153

W,en #0 n ''e0t t,o6t &''nt "&)6"

\ pece oce' o' p'#/te pe'0on *- ''e0t t,o6t &''nt21. &,en #n ,#0 p'e0ence t,e pe'0on to (e ''e0te! ,0co**#tte! #0 ct6""- co**#tt#n o' #0 tte*pt#n to co**#t noen0eK:. &,en n oen0e ,0 60t (een co**#tte! n! ,e ,0p'o(("e c60e to (e"#e/e (0e! on pe'0on" @no&"e!e o))ct0 o' c#'c6*0tnce0 t,t t,e pe'0on to (e ''e0te! ,0co**#tte! #tK n!$. &,en t,e pe'0on to (e ''e0te! #0 p'#0one' &,o ,0e0cpe! )'o* pen" e0t("#0,*ent o' p"ce &,e'e ,e #00e'/#n 4n" 6!*ent o' #0 te*po''#"- con4ne! &,#"e ,#0c0e #0 pen!#n o' ,0 e0cpe! &,#"e (e#n t'n0)e''e! )'o* one

con4ne*ent to not,e'.;. #n ,ot p6'06#t


38/153

A po"#ce oce' &0 c,0#n pe'0on &,o ,! 60t co**#tte! n oen0e. t,e pe'0on &ent#n0#!e ,o60e 0o t,e po"#ce oce' )o""o&e!. In0#!e t,e ,o60e t,e po"#ce oce' 0& !'60"-#n 'o6n!. cn ,e con40cte t,e !'60 n! 60e t,e* 0 e/#!ence

\ -e0. t,e p"#n /#e& !oct'#ne #0 pp"#c("e to t,#0 c0e (ec60e t,e'e &0 /"#! p'#o' #nt'60#on.t,e po"#ce oce' #n!/e'tent"- !#0co/e'e! t,e e/#!ence ,e ,! '#,t to (e t,e'e n! t,ee/#!ence &0 #**e!#te"- pp'ent.

W,t #) t,e oce' *e'e"- pee@0 t,'o6, t,e n!o& o) t,e ,o60e n! 0ee0 t,e !'60 cn ,e con40ctet,e* n! 60e t,e* 0 e/#!ence

\ ,e cn con40cte t,e* t,o6t p'e6!#ce t,o6, to ,#0 "#(#"#t- )o' /#o"t#on o) !o*#c#"e.\ ,e cnnot 60e t,e* 0 e/#!ence (ec60e t,e 0e#6'e cnnot (e 60t#4e! 6n!e' t,e p"#n /#e&!oct'#ne t,e'e (e#n no p'e/#o60 /"#! #nt'60#on.&,t #0 t,e eect #) &''nt"e00 ''e0t #0 #""e"

\ #t !oe0nt 'en!e' /o#! "" ot,e' p'ocee!#n0 #nc"6!#n t,o0e "e!#n to t,e con/#ct#on o) t,ecc60e! no' cn t,e 0tte !ep'#/e! o) #t0 '#,t to con/#ct t,e 6#"t- &,en "" t,e )ct0 o) 'eco'! po#nt to ,#0c6"p(#"#t-0ec. . ''e0t t,o6t &''ntK &,en "&)6". 3 pece oce' o' p'#/te pe'0on *- t,o6t &''nt''e0t pe'0on2

8% &,en #n ,#0 p'e0ence t,e pe'0on to (e ''e0te! ,0 co**#tte! #0 ct6""- co**#tt#no' #0 tte*pt#n to co**#t n oen0eK

8(% &,en n oen0e ,0 60t (een co**#tte! n! ,e ,0 p'o(("e c60e to (e"#e/e (0e! on

pe'0on" @no&"e!e o) )ct0 o' c#'c6*0tnce0 t,t t,e pe'0on to (e ''e0te! ,0 co**#tte! #tK n!

8c% &,en t,e pe'0on to (e ''e0te! #0 p'#0one' &,o ,0 e0cpe! )'o* pen" e0t("#0,*ent o' p"ce&,e'e ,e #0 0e'/#n 4n" 6!*ent o' #0 te*po''#"- con4ne! &,#"e ,#0 c0e #0 pen!#n o' ,0e0cpe! &,#"e (e#n t'n0)e''e! )'o* one con4ne*ent to not,e'.

#n c0e0 )""#n 6n!e' p''p,0 8% n! 8(% (o/e t,e pe'0on ''e0te! t,o6t &''nt 0,""(e )o't,t, !e"#/e'e! to t,e ne'e0t po"#ce 0tt#on o' #" n! 0,"" (e p'ocee!e! #n0t #ncco'!nce t, 0ect#on ? o) '6"e 11:.


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C#t#en0 ''e0t9 *et,o! o) ''e0t (- p'#/te pe'0on

*et,o! o) ''e0t (- p'#/te pe'0on. 3 &,en *@#n n ''e0t p'#/tepe'0on 0,"" #n)o'* t,e pe'0on to (e ''e0te! o) t,e #ntent#on to ''e0t,#* n! t,e c0e o) t,e ''e0t 6n"e00 t,e "tte' #0 e#t,e' ene! #n t,eco**#00#on o) n oen0e #0 p6'06e! #**e!#te"- )te' #t0 co**#00#on o' ,0e0cpe! ee0 o' )o'c#("- 'e0#0t0 (e)o'e t,e pe'0on *@#n t,e ''e0t ,0oppo't6n#t- to 0o #n)o'* ,#* o' &,en t,e #/#n o) 06c, #n)o'*t#on "" #*pe'#"t,e ''e0t.

e+ec6t#on o) &''nt o) ''e0t

0ec. ;. e+ec6t#on o) &''nt. 3 t,e ,e! o) t,e oce to &,o* t,e &''nt o)''e0t &0 !e"#/e'e! )o' e+ec6t#on 0,"" c60e t,e &''nt to (e e+ec6te!t,#n ten 81% !-0 )'o* #t0 'ece#pt.

t,#n ten 81% !-0 )te' t,e e+p#'t#on o) t,e pe'#o! t,e oce' to &,o* #t &000#ne! )o' e+ec6t#on 0,"" *@e 'epo't to t,e 6!e &,o #006e! t,e &''nt.#n c0e o) ,#0 )#"6'e to e+ec6te t,e &''nt ,e 0,"" 0tte t,e 'e0on t,e'e)o'e.


40/153

So*e Doct'#ne0

U*#" /. R*o0 3 06(/e'0#on cont#n6#n oen0e 9 ''e0t t,o6t &''nt #0 60t#4e! #) t,e

pe'0on ''e0te! #n c6,t #n 'nte !e"#ctoPeop"e /. A*#n6!#n 9 MV W#"conK *'#6n 3 not c6,t #n 'nte !e"#ctoK 0e'c, &06n'e0on("eK e/#!ence #n!*#00#("e

H'/e- /. De)en0o'9Snt#o 3 pe!op,#"e0 3 t,e '#,t0 'nte! #n Sect#on : 'e /#"("e to ""pe'0on0 #nc"6!#n "#en0 &,et,e' cc60e! o) c'#*e o' not

Peop"e /. Menote 3 060p#c#o60 *n o6t0#!e 3 pe'0on *- not (e 0toppe! n! )'#0@e! #n ('o!

!-"#,t on (60t 0t'eet on *e'e 6ne+p"#ne! 060p#c#on

Po0!0 /. O*(6!0n 3 S#* R,o /. Sc#nt#"" >6'#0 3 A''e0t *!e t,o6t /"#! &''nt2 R6"e11$ Sect#on o) t,e R6"e0 o) Co6't 3 &,en #n t,e p'e0ence o) po"#ce oce' o' p'#/te#n!#/#!6"2 1% t,e pe'0on ''e0te! ,0 co**#tte! #0 ct6""- co**#tt#n o' tte*pt#n to co**#tn oen0eK :% &,en n oen0e ,0 ct6""- (een co**#tte! n! ,e ,0 pe'0on" @no&"e!e o)t,e )ct0 #n!#ct#n t,t t,e pe'0on to (e ''e0te! co**#tte! #tK $% &,en t,e pe'0on ''e0te! #0 p'#0one' &,o ,0 e0cpe! )'o* pen" e0t("#0,*ent o' p"ce &,e'e ,#0 #0 0e'/#n 4n" o'te*po''- 6!*ent 8pen!#n% e0cpe! &,#"e (e#n t'n0)e''e!


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A't. III Sect#on $.

T,e p'#/c- o) co**6n#ct#on n! co''e0pon!ence 0,"" (e #n/#o"("e

e+cept 6pon "&)6" o'!e' o) t,e co6't o' &,en p6("#c 0)et- o' o'!e''e6#'e0 ot,e'e 0 p'e0c'#(e! (- "&.

An- e/#!ence o(t#ne! #n /#o"t#on o) t,#0 o' t,e p'ece!#n 0ect#on 0,""(e #n!*#00#("e )o' n- p6'po0e #n n- p'ocee!#n.

P'#/c- #n t,e L&0

A0#!e )'o* t,e Con0t#t6t#on o6' "&0 p'otect p'#/c-. T,e C#/#" Co!e o) t,eP,#"#pp#ne0 0tte0 t,t 5Ze[/e'- pe'0on 0,"" 'e0pect t,e !#n#t- pe'0on"#t- p'#/c-n! pece o) *#n! o) ,#0 ne#,(o'0 n! ot,e' pe'0on0.7A"0o A't#c"e $:811% o) t,e C#/#" Co!e 0tte0 t,t 5n- p6("#c oce' o' e*p"o-ee o'

n- p'#/te #n!#/#!6" &,o !#'ect"- o' #n!#'ect"- o(0t'6ct0 !e)et0 /#o"te0 o' #n n-*nne' #*pe!e0 o' #*p#'0 + + + t,e p'#/c- o) co**6n#ct#on n! co''e0pon!ence+ + + 0,"" (e "#("e to t,e "tte' )o' !*e0.7


42/153

T,e Ant#9W#'etpp#n Act 6'ntee0 'e0on("e e+pectt#ono) p'#/c- #n oneJ0 con/e'0t#on0 o/e' e"ect'on#c *en0. Bn@

'eco'!0 'e p'otecte! (- t,e Bn@ Sec'ec- Act n! t,e Sec'ec-o) Bn@ Depo0#t0 Act.

T,e Act p'o/#!e0 t,t !epo0#t0 t, (n@0 o' (n@#n#n0t#t6t#on0 'e con4!ent#" n! *- not (e e+*#ne! #n6#'e!o' "oo@e! #nto (0ent 5e+cept#on" c#'c6*0tnce0.7

C. P'#/c- #n >6!#c#" Dec#0#on0

S#*#"'"- !ec#0#on0 o) o6' S6p'e*e Co6't 'econ#e t,e '#,t top'#/c-. In Mo')e /. M6t6c No. L9:$? >n6'- $1 1=


43/153

R.A. ;: 8Ant#9W#'etpp#n Act%

1.T,e "& !oe0 not !#0t#n6#0, (et&een p't- to t,e p'#/te co**6n#ct#on o' t,#'!pe'0on. Hence (ot, p't- n! t,#'! pe'0on co6"! (e ,e"! "#("e 6n!e' R.A. ;: #) t,e-

co**#t n- o) t,e p'o,#(#te! ct0 6n!e' R.A. ;: 8R*#'e /. C%

:.T,e 60e o) te"ep,one e+ten0#on to o/e',e' p'#/te con/e'0t#on #0 not /#o"t#on o)R.A. ;: (ec60e #t #0 not 0#*#"' to n- o) t,e p'o,#(#te! !e/#ce0 6n!e' t,e "&. A"0o te"ep,one e+ten0#on #0 not p6'po0e"- #n0t""e! )o' t,e p6'po0e o) 0ec'et"- #nte'cept#n o''eco'!#n p'#/te co**6n#ct#on.8Gnn /. IAC 1; SCRA 11:%

T-pe0 o) co**6n#ct#on p'otecte!2 Lette'0 *e00e0 te"ep,one c""0 te"e'*0 n! t,e

"#@e.E+c"60#on'- '6"e2

An- e/#!ence o(t#ne! 0,"" (e #n!*#00#("e )o' n- p6'po0e #n n- p'ocee!#n. Ho&e/e' #nt,e (0ence o) o/e'n*ent" #nte')e'ence t,e p'otect#on #n0t 6n'e0on("e 0e'c, n!0e#6'e cnnot (e e+ten!e! to ct0 co**#tte! (- p'#/te #n!#/#!6"0. 8Peop"e /. M't#n%

D.$. W'#t o) H(e0 Dt

T,e R6"e on H(e0 Dt p'o*6"te! (- t,e S6p'e*e Co6't on >n6'- :: :t,'o6, AM 9191< &0 (o'n #n t,e *#!0t o) &o'0en#n ,6*n '#,t0 con!#t#on #n t,eco6nt'- t,'o6, e+t'96!#c#" @#""#n0 en)o'ce! !#0ppe'nce n! to't6'e.


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W,t #0 t,e nt6'e n! 0cope o) t,e P,#"#pp#ne H(e0 !t

Sect#on 1 p'o/#!e0 t,t2

T,e &'#t o) ,(e0 !t #0 'e*e!- /#"("e to n- pe'0on &,o0e'#,t to p'#/c- #n "#)e "#(e't- o' 0ec6'#t- #0 /#o"te! o' t,'etene!(- n 6n"&)6" ct o' o*#00#on o) p6("#c oc#" o' e*p"o-ee o' p'#/te #n!#/#!6" o' ent#t- ene! #n t,e t,e'#n co""ect#n o'0to'#n o) !t o' #n)o'*t#on 'e'!#n t,e pe'0on )*#"- ,o*en! co''e0pon!ence o) t,e '#e/e! p't-.

T,e '6"e Z0 to p't#e0[ ""o&0 n- #n!#/#!6" to 4"e t,e pet#t#on ont,e 'o6n! t,t 5,#0 '#,t to p'#/c- #n "#)e "#(e't- o' 0ec6'#t- #0/#o"te! o' t,'etene!7. T,#0 p'o/#0#on *- (e #nte'p'ete! to 'e)e'

to n ct o' o*#00#on &,#c, /#o"te0 o' t,'eten0 t,e '#,t top'#/c- o) n #n!#/#!6" &,#c, #n t6'n 'e06"t0 #n /#o"t#n o't,'eten#n ,#0 o' ,e' '#,t to "#)e "#(e't- o' 0ec6'#t-.


45/153

C0e 1G'#0&o'"! /. Connect#c6t $1 U.S. ;?= S. Ct. 1


46/153

C0e :.PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES /0. ANDRE MARTI 81=$ SCRA ?%

On A660t 1; 1=? t,e ppe""nt n! ,#0 co**on9"& )e S,#'"e- Re-e0 &ent to Mn#" Pc@#nn! E+po't Fo'&'!e'0 to 0en! pc@e0 to 6'#c, Ste'"n!. It &0 'ece#/e! (- An#t Re-e0 n!0@ #) 0,e co6"! #n0pect t,e pc@e0. S,#'"e- 'e)60e! n! e/ent6""- con/#nce! An#t to 0e" t,epc@e *@#n #t 'e!- )o' 0,#p*ent. Be)o'e (e#n 0ent o6t )o' !e"#/e'- >o( Re-e0 ,60(n! o) An#tn! p'op'#eto' o) t,e co6'#e' co*pn- con!6cte! n #n0pect#on o) t,e pc@e 0 p't o) 0tn!'!ope't#n p'oce!6'e0. Upon open#n t,e pc@e ,e not#ce! 060p#c#o60 o!o' &,#c, *!e ,#* too@0*p"e o) t,e 06(0tnce ,e )o6n! #n0#!e. He 'epo'te! t,#0 to t,e NBI n! #n/#te! ent0 to ,#0 oce to#n0pect t,e pc@e. In t,e p'e0ence o) t,e NBI ent0 >o( Re-e0 opene! t,e 060p#c#o60 pc@e n!)o6n! !'#e!9*'#6n "e/e0 #n0#!e. A c0e &0 4"e! #n0t An!'e M't# #n /#o"t#on o) R.A.


47/153


48/153

Sect#on ;. No "& 0,"" (e p00e! ('#!#n t,e )'ee!o* o) 0peec,o) e+p'e00#on o' o) t,e p'e00 o' t,e '#,t o) t,e peop"e pece("-

to 00e*("e n! pet#t#on t,e o/e'n*ent )o' 'e!'e00 o)'#e/nce0.

E.1. Le" Note0 on F'ee!o* o) E+p'e00#on

A. P,#"o0op,#c" B0#0 o) G6'ntee0 F'ee M'@et P"ce o) I!e0

1. Fo' t,e !#0co/e'- o) po"#t#c" t'6t,

W,en *en ,/e 'e"#e! t,t t#*e ,0 6p0et *n- 4,t#n )#t,0 t,e- *-co*e to (e"#e/e e/en *o'e t,n t,e- (e"#e/e t,e /e'- )o6n!t#on0 o) t,e#' o&ncon!6ct t,t t,e 6"t#*te oo! !e0#'e! #0 (ette' 'ec,e! (- )'ee t'!e #n #!e099t,t t,e (e0t te0t o) t'6t, #0 t,e po&e' o) t,e t,o6,t to et #t0e") ccepte! #n t,eco*pet#t#on o) t,e *'@et n! t,e t'6t, #0 t,e on"- 'o6n! 6pon &,#c, t,e#'

,e0 0)e"- cn (e c''#e! o6t.8>60t#ce Ho"*e0A('*0 /. Un#te! Stte0 :U.S.


49/153

:. Fo' 0e") o/e'n*ent

Un#te! Stte0 /. B60to0 $? P ?$1 81=1%

B6'o0 /. C,#e) o) St 1$$ SCRA 81=;%

HELD2A0 con0e6ence o) t,e 0e'c, n! 0e#6'e t,e p'e*#0e0 o) t,e Met'opo"#tn M#"n! We Fo'6* &e'e p!"oc@e! n! 0e"e! t, t,e )6't,e' 'e06"t t,t t,e p'#nt#n n!p6("#ct#on o) 0#! ne&0ppe'0 &e'e !#0cont#n6e!. S6c, c"o06'e #0 #n t,e nt6'e o)p'e/#o60 'e0t'#nt o' cen0o'0,#p (,o''ent to t,e )'ee!o* o) t,e p'e00 6'ntee! 6n!e't,e )6n!*ent" "& n! con0t#t6te0 /#'t6" !en#" o) pet#t#one'0 )'ee!o* to e+p'e00t,e*0e"/e0 #n p'#nt. T,#0 0tte o) (e#n #0 ptent"- nt,e*t#c to !e*oc't#c

)'*e&o'@ &,e'e )'ee "e't n! e/en *#"#tnt p'e00 #0 e00ent#" )o' t,e po"#t#c"en"#,ten*ent n! 'o&t, o) t,e c#t#en'-.

B. P'#o' Re0t'#nt0

T,60 n- 0-0te* o) p'#o' 'e0t'#nt0 o) e+p'e00#on co*e0 to t,e Co6't (e'#n ,e/-p'e06*pt#on #n0t #t0 con0t#t6t#on"#t- #/#n t,e o/e'n*ent ,e/- (6'!en to0,o& 60t#4ct#on )o' t,e #*po0#t#on o) 06c, 'e0t'#nt.8Ne& Yo'@ /. Un#te! Stte081=?1%K "0o #n Ne& Yo'@ T#*e0 /. Penton n! Bnt* Boo@0 /. P6("#ct#on o)Penton Ppe'0%.

Sn#!! /. COMELEC 11 SCRA := 81==%


50/153

S6(0e6ent P6n#0,*ent

An! e/en 06(0e6ent p6n#0,*ent #0 te*pe'e! (- t,e 'ete' #nte'e0t o) p'o*ot#n )'ee p6("#cop#n#on. T,e *o0t 0#n#4cnt e+p'e00#on #0 t,e "& on "#(e".

We con0#!e' t,#0 c0e #n0t t,e (c@'o6n! o) p'o)o6n! nt#on" co**#t*ent to !e(te on p6("#c#006e0 (e#n 6n#n,#(#te! 'o(60t n! !e9open n! t,t #t *- &e"" #nc"6!e /e,e*ent c60t#c n!0o*et#*e0 6np"e0nt"- 0,'p ttc@0 on o/e'n*ent n! p6("#c oc#"0. T,e )"0#t- o) 0o*e o) t,e)ct6" 0tte*ent0 n! ""ee! !e)*t#on0 !o not 6"#)- t,e 'o"e. An! 60t 0 )ct6" e''o' o'!e!no &''nt )o' 'ep'e00#n 0peec, t,t &o6"! ot,e'e (e )'ee t,e 0*e #0 t'6e o) #n6'- to oc#"'ep6tt#on.8Ne& Yo'@ T#*e0 /. S6""#/n $ U.S. 1 81=60t#ce M"co* Un#te! Stte0 /. B60to0 ?$1 81=1%.[

W,#"e 6n!e' t,e Re/#0e! Pen" Co!e n- !e)*to'- 0tte*ent #0 p'e06*e! to (e *"#c#o60 8*"#ce9#n9"&% &,en t,e !e)en0e p'o/e0 t,t t,e co**6n#ct#on #0 p'#/#"ee! 06c, p'e06*pt#on o) *"#ce!oe0 not '#0e (ec60e o) t,e 'ete' p6("#c #nte'e0t #n/o"/e!.

I) t,e co**6n#ct#on #0 (0o"6te"- p'#/#"ee! 80 #n p'"#*ent'- )'ee!o* o) 0peec,% t,ep'o0ec6t#on cnnot e/en p'o/e *"#ce9#n9)ct.

I) t,e co**6n#ct#on #0 on"- 6"#4e!"- p'#/#"ee! 8A't. $; en6*e'te0 t,e : #n0tnce02 )#' n! t'6e'epo't#n o) n oc#" p'ocee!#nK "e" *o'" o' 0oc#" !6t-% t,e (6'!en #0 0,#)te! on t,ep'o0ec6t#on to p'o/e *"#ce9#n9)ct &,#c, t,e !e)en0e cn o/e'co*e (- p'o/#n t,e t'6t, o) t,e!e)*to'- 0tte*ent 8&,#c, #n t,e c0e o) p6("#c oc#"0 *- o' *- not con0t#t6te c'#*e 0o"on 0 'e"te! to t,e con!6ct o) ,#0 oce% n! oo! *ot#/e.


51/153

C. Content9B0e! Re0t'#ct#on0

1.Te0t o) /"#!#t- o) content9(0e! 'e0t'#ct#on0 T,e U.S. S6p'e*e Co6't n! (-,p,'! #*#tt#on t,e P,#"#pp#ne S6p'e*e Co6't ,/e e/o"/e! ce't#n te0t0 to

'e6"te t,e content0 o) 0peec,.

Dne'o60 Ten!enc- Te0t2

W,en t,e "e#0"t#/e (o!- ,0 !ete'*#ne! ene'""- #n t,e e+e'c#0e o) #t0 !#0c'et#ont,t 6tte'nce0 o) ce't#n @#n! #n/o"/e 06c, !ne' o) 06(0tnt#/e e/#" t,t t,e-*- (e p6n#0,e! t,e 6e0t#on &,et,e' n- 0pec#4c 6tte'nce co*#n t,#n t,e

p'o,#(#te! c"00 #0 "#@e"- #n n! #t0e") to ('#n t,e 06(0tnt#/e e/#"0 #0 not open tocon0#!e't#on. In 06c, c0e0 t,e ene'" p'o/#0#on o) t,e 0tt6te *- (econ0t#t6t#on""- pp"#e! to t,e 0pec#4c 6tte'nce #) #t0 nt6'" n! p'o(("e eect &0to ('#n (o6t t,e 06(0tnt#/e e/#" &,#c, t,e "e#0"t#/e (o!- *#,t p'o,#(#t.ZG#t"o& /.Ne& Yo'@ :


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C"e' n! P'e0ent Dne' Te0t2

T,e 6e0t#on #n e/e'- c0e #0 &,et,e' t,e &o'!0 60e! 'e 60e! #n 06c,c#'c6*0tnce0 n! 'e o) 06c, nt6'e 0 to c'ete c"e' n! p'e0ent

!ne' t,t t,e- "" ('#n (o6t t,e 06(0tnt#/e e/#"0 t,t Con'e00 ,0 '#,t to p'e/ent.It #0 6e0t#on o) p'o+#*#t- n! !e'ee.ZSc,enc@ /. Un#te!Stte0 :;= US ;? 81=1=%.[

T,e e*p,0#0 o) t,e te0t #0 t,e nt6'e o) t,e c#'c6*0tnce0 6n!e' &,#c, #t#0 6tte'e!. T,e 0peec, #t0e") *- not (e !ne'o60. A0 Ho"*e0 0#!25 Mn-

t,#n0 t,t *#,t (e 0#! #n t#*e o) pece 'e 06c, ,#n!'nce to #t0 eo'tt,t t,e#' 6tte'nce "" not (e en!6'e! 0o "on 0 *en 4,t.5 O' 0-#nF#'e #n c'o&!e! *o/#e ,o60e.


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G'/e9(6t9#*p'o(("e !ne'2

W,et,e' t,e '/#t- o) t,e e/#" !#0co6nte! (- #t0 #*p'o((#"#t- 60t#4e006c, n #n/0#on o) )'ee 0peec, 0 #0 nece00'- to /o#! t,e !ne'.ZDenn#0 /. Un#te! Stte0 $;1 US ;=; 81=1% 6ot#n >6!e Le'ne! Hn!.[

T,#0 te0t &0 *ent to 06pp"nt t,e c"e' n! p'e0ent !ne'. T,e- (ot,e*p,0#e t,e c#'c6*0tnce0 o) t,e 0peec, (6t t,#0 "tte' te0t con0#!e't,e &e#,#n o) /"6e0.


54/153

D#'ect Inc#te*ent Te0t2

T,e con0t#t6t#on" 6'ntee0 o) )'ee 0peec, n! p'e00 !o not pe'*#t

Stte to )o'(#! o' p'o0c'#(e !/occ- o) t,e 60e o) )o'ce o' o) "&/#o"t#on e+cept &,e'e 06c, !/occ- o' 0peec, #0 !#'ecte! to #nc#t#no' p'o!6c#n #**#nent "&"e00 ct#on n! #0 "#@e"- to #nc#te o' p'o!6ce06c, ct#on.ZB'n!en(6' /. O,#o $= U.S. ;;; 81=


55/153

B"nc#n o) Inte'e0t Te0t2

T,e co6't *60t 6n!e't@e t,e !e"#cte n! !#c6"t t0@ o) &e#,#n t,e c#'c6*0tnce0n! pp'#0#n t,e 06(0tnt#"#t- o) t,e 'e0on0 !/nce! #n 06ppo't o) t,e 'e6"t#ono) t,e )'ee eno-*ent o) '#,t0.ZA*e'#cn Co**6n#ct#on A00n /. Do6!0 $$= US $$c#te! #n Gon"e0 /. COMELEC :? SCRA $ 81=


56/153

Unp'otecte! Speec,

1. LIBEL A.FAIR COMMENT 8U.S. R6"e%.

T,e0e 'e 0tte*ent0 o) OPINION not o) )ct n! 'e not con0#!e'e! ct#on("e e/en #) t,e&o'!0 60e! 'e ne#t,e' *#"! no' te*pe'te. W,t #0 #*po'tnt #0 t,t t,e op#n#on #0 t,e t'6en! ,one0t op#n#on o) t,e pe'0on. T,e 0tte*ent0 'e not 60e! to ttc@ pe'0on"#t#e0 (6t to#/e oneJ0 op#n#on on !ec#0#on0 n! ct#on0.

B.OPINIONS. W#t, 'e0pect to p6("#c pe'0on"#t#e0 8po"#t#c#n0 cto'0 n-one t, connect#onto ne&0&o't,- e/ent% op#n#on0 cn (e #'e! 'e'!#n t,e#' p6("#c ct6t#on0. Co**ent ont,e#' p'#/te "#/e0 #) not e'*ne to t,e#' p6("#c pe'0one 'e not p'otecte!.

:. OBSCENITY

A. Te0t )o' o(0cen#t- 8M#""e' /. C"#)o'n#%

#. W,et,e' t,e /e'e pe'0on pp"-#n conte*po''- co**6n#t- 0tn!'!0 &o6"! 4n! t,t t,e&o'@ t@en 0 &,o"e ppe"0 to t,e p'6'#ent #nte'e0t.##. ##. W,et,e' t,e &o'@ !ep#ct0 o' !e0c'#(e0 #n ptent"- oen0#/e &- 0e+6" con!6ct0pec#4c""- !e4ne! (- "&.###. ###. W,et,e' t,e &o'@ t@en 0 &,o"e "c@0 0e'#o60 "#te''- 't#0t#c po"#t#c" o' 0c#ent#4c

/"6e.

B. P'oce!6'e )o' 0e#6'e o) ""ee!"- o(0cene p6("#ct#on0

#. A6t,o'#t#e0 *60t pp"- )o' #006nce o) 0e'c, &''nt.##. ##. Co6't *60t (e con/#nce! t,t t,e *te'#"0 'e o(0cene. App"- c"e' n! p'e0ent !ne'te0t.###. ###. >6!e "" !ete'*#ne &,et,e' t,e- 'e #n )ct 5o(0cene7. #/. >6!e "" #006e 0e'c,&''nt. /. P'ope' ct#on 0,o6"! (e 4"e! 6n!e' A't. :1 o) t,e RPC. /#. Con/#ct#on #0 06(ect to ppe"


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SOME CASES

A. P'#o' Re0t'#nt

E0te'n B'o!c0t#n /. Dn0 3 T,e te0t o) "#*#tt#on0 on )'ee!o* o) e+p'e00#on cont#n6e0 to (et,e CLEAR AND PRESENT DANGER RULE 3 t,t &o'!0 'e 60e! #n 06c, c#'c6*0tnce n! 'e o)06c, nt6'e 0 to c'ete c"e' n! p'e0ent !ne' t,t t,e- "" ('#n (o6t t,e 06(0tnt#"e/#"0 t,t "&*@e' ,0 '#,t to p'e/ent. Go/e'n*ent ,0 '#,t to (e p'otecte! #n0t('o!c0t0 &,#c, #nc#te "#0tene'0 to o/e't,'o& #t

C,/e /. Gon"e0 3 He""o G'c# C0e 3 Te0t0 )o' 'e0t'#nt 3 !ne'o60 ten!enc- !oct'#ne c"e'n! p'e0ent !ne' '6"e n! ("nc#n o) #nte'e0t te0tK 0pect0 o) )'ee!o* o) t,e p'e00 3)'ee!o* )'o* p'#o' 'e0t'#nt n! )'ee!o* )'o* 06(0e6ent p6n#0,*ent

B. S6(0e6ent P6n#0,*ent

Peop"e /. Pe'e 3 0e!#t#o60 'e*'@0 3 C'#t#c#0*0 #n0t t,e ('nc,e0 o) o/e'n*ent t,#n t,e'ne o) "#(e't- n! 0peec, 6n"e00 t,e #ntent#on n! t,e eect (e 0e!#t#o60

Gon"e0 /. COMELEC 3 p'o"one! po"#t#c" c*p#n0 3 )'ee!o* o) e+p'e00#on not (0o"6teK T,e0peec, n! )'ee p'e00 *- (e #!ent#4e! t, t,e "#(e't- to !#0c600 p6("#c"- n! t'6t,)6""- n-*tte' o) p6("#c #nte'e0t t,o6t cen0o'0,#p o' p6n#0,*ent. T,e'e #0 to (e t,en no p'e/#o60'e0t'#nt to t,e co**6n#ct#on o) /#e&0 o' 06(0e6ent p6n#0,*ent 6n"e00 t,e'e (e c"e' n!p'e0ent !ne' o) 06(0tnt#/e e/#" t,t Con'e00 ,0 t,e '#,t to p'e/ent.


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DISINI >R. ET AL. /. THE SECRETARY OF >USTICE ET AL. G.R. No. :$$$FEBRUARY 1 :1;

C-(e'c'#*e "& 9 t,e T'#(6n" '6"e! t,t on"#ne "#(e" on"- pp"#e0 to t,e o'##n"6t,o' o' p'o!6ce' o) "#(e"o60 *te'#". Rece#/#n 'e0pon!#n to o' 0,'#n"#(e"o60 *te'#" on"#ne &o6"! not (e co/e'e! (- on"#ne "#(e".

In !!#t#on t,e S6p'e*e Co6't "0o 0t'6c@ !o&n ot,e' cont'o/e'0#"p'o/#0#on0 o) R.A. 11? 06c, 0 Sect#on 1= o' t,e 5T@e!o&n C"60e7 t,t""o&0 t,e o/e'n*ent to ("oc@ o' 'e0t'#ct cce00 to #nte'net *te'#" #t!ee*0 0 c'#*#n" #n nt6'e t,o6t &''nt. 5W,en co*p6te' !t #0p'#* )c#e )o6n! to (e #n /#o"t#on o) t,e p'o/#0#on0 o) t,#0 Act t,e DO> 0,""#006e n o'!e' to 'e0t'#ct o' ("oc@ cce00 to 06c, co*p6te' !t7 Sect#on 1=o) t,e C-(e'c'#*e L& 0tte0.

T,e Co6't "0o 0t'6c@ !o&n Sect#on 1: &,#c, &o6"! ,/e 6t,o'#e!

o/e'n*ent to !o 'e"9t#*e co""ect#on o) t'c !t. Sect#on 1: 0tte0 t,t5"& en)o'ce*ent 6t,o'#t#e0 t, !6e c60e 0,"" (e 6t,o'#e! to co""ect o''eco'! (- tec,n#c" o' e"ect'on#c *en0 t'c !t #n 'e"9t#*e 00oc#te!t, 0pec#4e! co**6n#ct#on0 t'n0*#tte! (- *en0 o) co*p6te' 0-0te*.T'c !t 'e)e' on"- to t,e co**6n#ct#onJ0 o'##n !e0t#nt#on 'o6te t#*e!te 0#e !6't#on o' t-pe o) 6n!e'"-#n 0e'/#ce (6t not content no'#!ent#t#e0.7


59/153

8cont.%

T,e S6p'e*e Co6't "0o !ec"'e! t,e )o""on p'o/#0#on0 o)R.A. 11? 6ncon0t#t6t#on" 5e#t,e' &,o""- o' conte+t6""-27

Sec. ;8c%8$% 8Un0o"#c#te! Co**e'c#" Co**6n#ct#on0%Sec. 1: 8Re" t#*e co""ect#on o) t'c !t%Sec. 1= 8Re0t'#ct#n o' ("oc@#n cce00 to co*p6te' !t%

Sec. ;8c%8;% 8on"#ne "#(e"9 on"- &,e'e #t pen"#0e0 t,o0e &,o0#*p"- 'ece#/e t,e po0t o' 'ect to #t% (6t NOTUNCONSTITUTIONAL 0 )' 0 t,e o'##n" 6t,o' #0 conce'ne!.Sec. 8#!#n o' (ett#n #n t,e co**#00#on o) c-(e'c'#*ette*pt to co**#t c-(e'c'#*e% on"- #n 'e"t#on to0ec0. ;8c%8:% 8c,#"! po'no'p,-% ;8c%8$% 86n0o"#c#te!co**e'c#" co**6n#ct#on0% n! ;8c%8;% 8"#(e"%KSec. ? 8"#(#"#t- 6n!e' ot,e' "&0% on"- #n 'e"t#on to 0ec0. ;8c%8;% 8"#(e"% n! ;8c%8:% 8c,#"! po'no'p,-%.

5A"" ot,e' p'o/#0#on0 not 0o !ec"'e! (- t,e Co6't 'econ0#!e'e! NOT UNCONSTITUTIONAL


60/153

8cont.% C-(e'c'#*e 3 on "#ne "#(e"

9 In 6p,o"!#n t,e con0t#t6t#on"#t- o) t,e "#(e" p'o/#0#on o)t,e C-(e'c'#*e L& t,e Co6't 'ee0 t, t,e So"#c#to' Gene'"t,t "#(e" #0 not con0t#t6t#on""- p'otecte! 0peec, n! t,t t,eo/e'n*ent ,0 n o("#t#on to p'otect p'#/te #n!#/#!6"0 )'o*!e)*t#on. In!ee! #t !!e! on9"#(e" #0 ct6""- not ne&c'#*e 0#nce A't#c"e $$ #n 'e"t#on to A't#c"e $ o) t,e pen"

co!e "'e!- p6n#0,e0 #t. In eect Sect#on ;8c%8;% (o/e*e'e"- '*0 t,t on"#ne !e)*t#on con0t#t6te0 50#*#"'*en07 )o' co**#tt#n "#(e".

B6t )o' t,e H#, Co6't on9"#(e" #0 *!e pp"#c("e on"-#n0o)' 0 t,e c-(e'c'#*e "& pen"#e0 t,e 6t,o' o) t,e

"#(e"o60 0tte*ent o' 't#c"e. Ho&e/e' #t 0t'6c@ !o&n 0 n6""#t- Sect#on &,#c, pen"#e0 t,e ct o) #!#n o' (ett#nt,e co**#00#on o) n- o) t,e oen0e0 en6*e'te! #n t,#0 Act. Ineect t,e '6"#n !oe0 not con0#!e' 5L#@#n7 5S,'#n7 o'5Co**ent#n7 0 tnt*o6nt to #!#n o' (ett#n t,e c'#*e o)"#(e".


61/153

8cont.%Con0t#t6t#on" "&K Un0o"#c#te! co**e'c#" co**6n#ct#on0 "0o

@no&n 0 50p*7 #0 ent#t"e! to p'otect#on 6n!e' )'ee!o* o)e+p'e00#on. To p'o,#(#t t,e t'n0*#00#on o) 6n0o"#c#te! !0 &o6"!!en- pe'0on t,e '#,t to 'e! ,#0 e*#"0 e/en 6n0o"#c#te!co**e'c#" !0 !!'e00e! to ,#*. Co**e'c#" 0peec, #0 0ep'tecteo'- o) 0peec, &,#c, #0 not cco'!e! t,e 0*e "e/e" o)p'otect#on 0 t,t #/en to ot,e' con0t#t6t#on""- 6'ntee! )o'*0 o)e+p'e00#on (6t #0 nonet,e"e00 ent#t"e! to p'otect#on. T,e Sttecnnot 'o( ,#* o) t,#0 '#,t t,o6t /#o"t#n t,e con0t#t6t#on""-6'ntee! )'ee!o* o) e+p'e00#on. Un0o"#c#te! !/e't#0e*ent0 'e"e#t#*te )o'*0 o) e+p'e00#on.

C'#*#n" "&K C-(e'"#(e" 6n!e' Sect#on ;8c%8;% o) t,e C-(e'c'#*e L con0t#t6t#on". T,e Co6't 'ee0 t, t,e So"#c#to' Gene'" t,t

"#(e" #0 not con0t#t6t#on""- p'otecte! 0peec, n! t,t t,eo/e'n*ent ,0 n o("#t#on to p'otect p'#/te #n!#/#!6"0 )'o*!e)*t#on. In!ee! c-(e'"#(e" #0 ct6""- not ne& c'#*e 0#nceA't#c"e $$ #n 'e"t#on to A't#c"e $ o) t,e Pen" Co!e "'e!-p6n#0,e0 #t. In eect Sect#on ;8c%8;% (o/e *e'e"- '*0 t,ton"#ne !e)*t#on con0t#t6te0 50#*#"' *en07 )o' co**#tt#n "#(e".B6t t,e Co6'tJ0 c6#e0cence oe0 on"- #n0o)' 0 t,e c-(e'c'#*e

"& pen"#e0 t,e 6t,o' o) t,e "#(e"o60 0tte*ent o' 't#c"e.


62/153

8cont.%

C'#*#n" "&K Sect#on o) t,e C-(e'c'#*e L& t,t p6n#0,e05#!#n o' (ett#n7 "#(e" on t,e c-(e'0pce #0 n6""#t-. T,e te'*05#!#n o' (ett#n7 con0t#t6te ('o! 0&eep t,t ene'te0c,#""#n eect on t,o0e &,o e+p'e00 t,e*0e"/e0 t,'o6,c-(e'0pce po0t0 co**ent0 n! ot,e' *e00e0. It0 /6ene00'#0e0 pp'e,en0#on on t,e p't o) #nte'net 60e'0 (ec60e o) #t0o(/#o60 c,#""#n eect on t,e )'ee!o* o) e+p'e00#on e0pec#""-0#nce t,e c'#*e o) #!#n o' (ett#n en0n'e0 "" t,e cto'0 #n t,ec-(e'0pce )'ont #n )6- &-. W,t #0 *o'e 0 t,e pet#t#one'0po#nt o6t )o'*" c'#*e0 06c, 0 "#(e" 'e not p6n#0,("e 6n"e00con06**te!. In t,e (0ence o) "e#0"t#on t'c#n t,e

#nte'ct#on o) net#en0 n! t,e#' "e/e" o) 'e0pon0#(#"#t- 06c, 0 #not,e' co6nt'#e0 Sect#on #n 'e"t#on to Sect#on ;8c%8;% on L#(e"Sect#on ;8c%8$% on Un0o"#c#te! Co**e'c#" Co**6n#ct#on0 n!Sect#on ;8c%8:% on C,#"! Po'no'p,- cnnot 0tn! 0c'6t#n-.


63/153

C. F'ee!o* o) E+p'e00#on n! t,e e"ecto'" p'oce00

Sn#!! /. COMELEC 3 p'o,#(#t#on 'e'!#n ce't#n )o'*0 o) p'opn! /"#! e+e'c#0e o) po"#cepo&e' o) t,e 0tte to p'e/ent pe'/e'0#on n! p'o0t#t6t#on o) e"ecto'" p'oce00

A!#on /. COMELEC 3 60#n 0t#c@e'0 to c*p#n 3 e!

ABS9CBN /. COMELEC 3 e+#t po""0 3 ""o&e!

SWS /. COMELEC 3 'e"e0#n 06'/e-0 'e06"t0 (e)o'e t,e e"ect#on 3 ""o&e!

D. F'ee!o* o) E+p'e00#on n! t,e Co6't0

IN RE2 EMIL >URADO 3 o6'n"#0t n! "&-e' t t,e 0*e t#*e 9 R#,t to p'#/te 'ep6tt#on. >6!e0 'eco**on"- n! '#,t"- 'e'!e! 0 /o"6nt'#"- 06(ect#n t,e*0e"/e0 to no'*0 o) con!6ct &,#c,e*(o!- *o'e 0t'#nent 0tn!'!0 o) ,one0t- #nte'#t- n! co*petence t,n 'e co**on"- 'e6#'e!)'o* p'#/te pe'0on0. A"t,o6, ,one0t 6tte'nce0 e/en #) #ncc6'te *- )6't,e' t,e )'6#t)6" e+e'c#0eo) t,e '#,t o) )'ee 0peec, #t !oe0 not )o""o& t,t t,e "#e @non"- n! !e"#(e'te"- p6("#0,e! (o6t p6("#coc#" 0,o6"! eno- "#@e #**6n#t-. T,e @non"- )"0e 0tte*ent n! t,e )"0e 0tte*ent *!et, 'ec@"e00 !#0'e'! o) t,e t'6t, !o not eno- con0t#t6t#on" p'otect#on.


64/153

PEOPLE V. GODOY 9 c#te! )o' conte*pt (0e! on t,e "tte'J0 't#c"e #n t,e ne&0ppe' 9 81% T,e'eJ0 nee! to *@e !#0t#nct#on (et&een !/e'0e c'#t#c#0* o) t,e co6't0 !ec#0#on )te' t,e c0e #0en!e! n! 0cn!"##n t,e co6't #t0e"). T,e "tte' #0 not c'#t#c#0*K #t #0 pe'0on" n! 0c6''#"o60(60e o) 6!e 0 06c, #n &,#c, c0e #t 0,"" (e !e"t t, 0 c0e o) conte*pt. Conte*ptp'ocee!#n0 !#0*#00e!. S6c, co**ent0 *- con0t#t6te "#(e" #n0t t,e 6!e (6t #t cnnot (e

t'ete! 0 #n conte*pt o) t,e co6't0 6t,o'#t-. 8:% In c0e o) po0t9"#t#t#on ne&0ppe'p6("#ct#on )#' c'#t#c#0* o) t,e co6't #t0 p'ocee!#n0 n! #t0 *e*(e'0 'e ""o&e!. Ho&e/e't,e'e *- (e conte*pt o) co6't e/en t,o6, t,e c0e ,0 (een te'*#nte! #) t,e p6("#ct#on #0tten!e! (- e#t,e' o) t,e0e t&o c#'c6*0tnce02

. W,e'e #t ten!0 to ('#n t,e co6't #nto !#0'e0pect o' #n ot,e' &o'!0 to 0cn!"#e t,e co6'tK o'(. W,e'e t,e'e #0 c"e' n! p'e0ent !ne' t,t t,e !*#n#0t't#on o) 60t#ce &o6"! (e #*pe!e!.An! t,#0 ('#n0 60 to t,e )*#"#' #n/oct#on o) )'ee!o* o) e+p'e00#on 606""- 'e0o'te! to 0 !e)en0e #n conte*pt p'ocee!#n0.

IN RE2 RESOLUTION A.M. =9?9: SC 9 'e0o"6t#on p'o,#(#t#n !e*on0t't#on0 t,#n '!#60 o) :*ete'0 )'o* t,e (o6n!'- o) n- ,"" o) >60t#ce. 9 T,e Co6't #t &o6"! 0ee* ,0 t,e po&e' top'o*6"te 5'6"e0 conce'n#n con!6ct o) !e*on0t't#on0 #n t,e /#c#n#t- o) t,e co6't0 to 006'e t,epeop"e o) n #*p't#" n! o'!e'"- !*#n#0t't#on o) 60t#ce. It &0 nc,o'e! on A't. VIII Sec. 8%

RE2 RADIOTV COVERAGE OF ESTRADA TRIAL 9 Cn t,e t'#" o) E0t'! #n t,e Sn!#n(-n o' n-ot,e' co6't (e ('o!c0te! #n TV o' '!#o NO. An cc60e! ,0 '#,t to p6("#c t'#" (6t #t #0not 0-non-*o60 t, p6("#c#e! t'#". F'ee!o* o) t,e p'e00 n! t,e cc60e!J0 p'otect#on )'o* po00#("e p'e6!#c#" p6("#c#e! t'#" *60t (e t@en #nto con0#!e't#on. An! 6n"e00 t,e'e 'e 0)et-net0 to p'e/ent t,#0 e/ent ('o!c0t *e!# cnnot (e ""o&e! to p6("#c#e t,e t'#".


65/153

C0e0 on UNPROTECTED SPEECH 3 LIBEL

IMBONG ET AL. VS. OCHOA ET AL. G.R. NO. :;1=

I006e02 WON t,e 2 '#,t0 ,/e (een /#o"te!

19T,e R#,t to L#)e 3 R6"#n2 T,e Mo*ent o) concept#on #0'ec@one! )'o* )e't#"#t#on + + + )o""on t,e #ntent#on o) t,e

F'*e'0 o) t,e Con0t#t6t#on t,e 6n!en#("e conc"60#on #0 t,t -ote #0 ,6*n o'n#0* n! t,t t,e "#)e o) ne& ,6*n (e#nco**ence0 t 0c#ent#4c""- &e""9!e4ne! *o*ent o) concept#ont,t #0 6pon )e't#"#t#on.

:. T,e R#,t to He"t, 3 R6"#n2 T,60 t,e Co6't 'ee0 t, t,eo(0e'/t#on o) 'e0pon!ent L*n t,t t,e eect#/#t- o) t,e RH L&"" not "e! to t,e 6n*#t#te! p'o"#)e't#on o) cont'cept#/e0 0#ncet,e 0"e !#0t'#(6t#on n! !#0pen0t#on o) cont'cept#/e !'60 n!!e/#ce0 "" 0t#"" 'e6#'e t,e p'e0c'#pt#on o) "#cen0e! p,-0#c#n. W#t,R.A. No. ;?:= #n p"ce t,e'e e+#0t0 !e6te 0)e6'!0 to en06'et,e p6("#c t,t on"- cont'cept#/e0 t,t 'e 0)e 'e *!e /#"("eto t,e p6("#c + + +


66/153

8cont.%

$. F'ee!o* o) Re"##on n! t,e R#,t to F'ee Speec, 3 R6"#n2 #t #0not t,#n t,e p'o/#nce o) t,e Co6't to !ete'*#ne &,et,e' t,e 60e o)cont'cept#/e0 o' one0 p't#c#pt#on #n t,e 06ppo't o) *o!e'n'ep'o!6ct#/e ,e"t, *e06'e0 #0 *o'" )'o* 'e"##o60 0tn!po#nt o'&,et,e' t,e 0*e #0 '#,t o' &'on cco'!#n to one0 !o* o'(e"#e) + + + W,#"e t,e Con0t#t6t#on p'o,#(#t0 (o't#on "&0 &e'e

encte! ""on t,e 60e o) cont'cept#/e0. To 0o*e *e!#c"p'ct#t#one'0 ,o&e/e' t,e &,o"e #!e o) 60#n cont'cept#/e0 #0 nnt,e*. Con0#0tent t, t,e p'#nc#p"e o) (ene/o"ent ne6t'"#t-t,e#' (e"#e)0 0,o6"! (e 'e0pecte!.

;. T,e F*#"- n! t,e R#,t to P'#/c- 9 t,e RH L& #n #t0 not90o9,#!!en !e0#'e to cont'o" pop6"t#on 'o&t, cont#n0 p'o/#0#on0 &,#c,

ten! to &'ec@ t,e )*#"- 0 0o"#! 0oc#" #n0t#t6t#on. It ('0 t,e,60(n! n!o' t,e )t,e' )'o* p't#c#pt#n #n t,e !ec#0#on *@#np'oce00 'e'!#n t,e#' co**on )6t6'e p'oen-. It "#@ee !ep'#/e0t,e p'ent0 o) t,e#' 6t,o'#t- o/e' t,e#' *#no' !6,te' 0#*p"-(ec60e 0,e #0 "'e!- p'ent o' ,! 06e'e! *#0c''#e.


67/153

. Ac!e*#c F'ee!o*9 R6"#n2 06ce #t to 0tte t,t n-ttc@ on t,e /"#!#t- o) Sect#on 1; 8*n!t#n t,e tec,#n

o) Ae9n! De/e"op*ent9App'op'#te Rep'o!6ct#/e He"t,E!6ct#on 6n!e' t,'et o) 4ne n!o' #*p'#0on*ent % o) t,eRH L& #0 p'e*t6'e (ec60e t,e Dep't*ent o) E!6ct#onC6"t6'e n! Spo't0 ,0 -et to )o'*6"te c6''#c6"6* on e9pp'op'#te 'ep'o!6ct#/e ,e"t, e!6ct#on.


68/153

8cont. %

. In/o"6nt'- Se'/#t6!e 3 R6"#n2 A'ee0 t, t,e content#on o)

t,e OSG t,t t,e 'en!#t#on o) p'o (ono 0e'/#ce0 en/#0#one! #n Sect#on1? cn ,'!"- (e con0#!e'e! 0 )o'ce! "(o' n"oo60 to 0"/e'- 0'ep'o!6ct#/e ,e"t, c'e 0e'/#ce p'o/#!e'0 ,/e t,e !#0c'et#on 0 tot,e *nne' n! t#*e o) #/#n p'o (ono 0e'/#ce0 + + + Con0#0tentt, &,t t,e Co6't ,! e'"#e' !#0c600e! ,o&e/e' #t 0,o6"! (ee*p,0#e! t,t con0c#ent#o60 o(ecto'0 'e e+e*pt )'o* t,#0p'o/#0#on 0 "on 0 t,e#' 'e"##o60 (e"#e)0 n! con/#ct#on0 !o not""o& t,e* to 'en!e' 'ep'o!6ct#/e ,e"t, 0e'/#ce p'o (ono o'ot,e'e.


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8cont.% D#0po0#t#/e2WHEREFORE t,e pet#t#on0 'e PARTIALLY GRANTED. Acco'!#n"- t,e Co6't!ec"'e0 R.A. No. 1$; 0 NOT UNCONSTITUTIONAL e+cept t, 'e0pect to t,e)o""on p'o/#0#on0 &,#c, 'e !ec"'e! UNCONSTITUTIONAL2

1[ Sect#on ? n! t,e co''e0pon!#n p'o/#0#on #n t,e RH9IRR #n0o)' 0 t,e-2 %'e6#'e p'#/te ,e"t, )c#"#t#e0 n! non9*te'n#t- 0pec#"t- ,o0p#t"0 n! ,o0p#t"0o&ne! n! ope'te! (- 'e"##o60 'o6p to 'e)e' pt#ent0 not #n n e*e'enc- o'"#)e9t,'eten#n c0e 0 !e4ne! 6n!e' Rep6("#c Act No. $;; to not,e' ,e"t,)c#"#t- &,#c, #0 con/en#ent"- cce00#("eK n! (% ""o& *#no'9p'ent0 o' *#no'0 &,o,/e 06e'e! *#0c''#e cce00 to *o!e'n *et,o!0 o) )*#"- p"nn#n t,o6t&'#tten con0ent )'o* t,e#' p'ent0 o' 6'!#n0K:[ Sect#on :$8%81% n! t,e co''e0pon!#n p'o/#0#on #n t,e RH9IRR p't#c6"'"-

Sect#on .:; t,e'eo) #n0o)' 0 t,e- p6n#0, n- ,e"t,c'e 0e'/#ce p'o/#!e' &,o)#"0 n! o' 'e)60e0 to !#00e*#nte #n)o'*t#on 'e'!#n p'o'*0 n! 0e'/#ce0 on'ep'o!6ct#/e ,e"t, 'e'!"e00 o) ,#0 o' ,e' 'e"##o60 (e"#e)0.$[ Sect#on :$8%8:%8#% n! t,e co''e0pon!#n p'o/#0#on #n t,e RH9IRR #n0o)' 0t,e- ""o& *''#e! #n!#/#!6" not #n n e*e'enc- o' "#)e9t,'eten#n c0e 0!e4ne! 6n!e' Rep6("#c Act No. $;; to 6n!e'o 'ep'o!6ct#/e ,e"t, p'oce!6'e0t,o6t t,e con0ent o) t,e 0po60eK;[ Sect#on :$8%8:%8##% n! t,e co''e0pon!#n p'o/#0#on #n t,e RH9IRR #n0o)' 0

t,e- "#*#t t,e 'e6#'e*ent o) p'ent" con0ent on"- to e"ect#/e 06'#c" p'oce!6'e0.[ Sect#on :$8%8$% n! t,e co''e0pon!#n p'o/#0#on #n t,e RH9IRR p't#c6"'"-Sect#on .:; t,e'eo) #n0o)' 0 t,e- p6n#0, n- ,e"t,c'e 0e'/#ce p'o/#!e' &,o)#"0 n!o' 'e)60e0 to 'e)e' pt#ent not #n n e*e'enc- o' "#)e9t,'eten#n c0e0 !e4ne! 6n!e' Rep6("#c Act No. $;; to not,e' ,e"t, c'e 0e'/#ce p'o/#!e't,#n t,e 0*e )c#"#t- o' one &,#c, #0 con/en#ent"- cce00#("e 'e'!"e00 o) ,#0 o',e' 'e"##o60 (e"#e)0K


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Ot,e' c0e02

BOR>AL V. COURT OF APPEALS 9 Bo'" p6("#0,e! #n ,#0 e!#to'#" co"6*n #n t,e P,#"#pp#ne St'(o6t ce't#n no*"o60 ct#/#t#e0 o) n 5o'n#e' o) con)e'ence7 9 81% F#' co**ent'#e0on *tte'0 o) p6("#c #nte'e0t 'e p'#/#"ee! n! con0t#t6te /"#! !e)en0e #n n ct#on )o'"#(e" o' 0"n!e'. T,e !oct'#ne o) )#' co**ent *en0 t,t &,#"e #n ene'" e/e'- !#0c'e!#t("e#*p6tt#on p6("#c"- *!e #0 !ee*e! )"0e (ec60e e/e'- *n #0 p'e06*e! #nnocent 6nt#",#0 6#"t #0 6!#c#""- p'o/e! n! e/e'- )"0e #*p6tt#on #0 !ee*e! *"#c#o60 ne/e't,e"e00&,en t,e !#0c'e!#t("e #*p6tt#on #0 !#'ecte! #n0t p6("#c pe'0on #n ,#0 p6("#c cpc#t- #t#0 not nece00'#"- ct#on("e. In o'!e' t,t 06c, !#0c'e!#t("e #*p6tt#on to p6("#c oc#"*- (e ct#on("e #t *60t e#t,e' (e )"0e ""et#on o) )ct o' co**ent (0e! on )"0e06ppo0#t#on. I) t,e co**ent #0 n e+p'e00#on o) op#n#on (0e! on e0t("#0,e! )ct0 t,en #t #0#**te'#" t,t t,e op#n#on ,ppen0 to (e *#0t@en 0 "on 0 #t *#,t 'e0on("- (e#n)e''e! )'o* t,e )ct0.

OCAMPO V. SUN STAR PUBLISHING 9 ')t c,'e0 4"e! #n0t t,e 6!e. 9 81% Gene'""-e/e'- !e)*to'- #n)o'*t#on #0 p'e06*e! to (e *"#c#o60 e/en #) #t (e t'6e #) no oo!#ntent#on n! 60t#4("e *ot#/e )o' *@#n #t #0 0,o&n e+cept #n t,e )o""on #n0tnce02

. A p'#/te co**6n#ct#on *!e (- n- pe'0on to not,e' #n t,e pe')o'*nce o) n- "e"*o'" o' 0oc#" !6t-K(. A )#' n! t'6e 'epo't *!e #n oo! )#t, t,o6t n- co**ent0 o' 'e*'@0 o) n-

6!#c#" "e#0"t#/e o' ot,e' oc#" p'ocee!#n &,#c, 'e not o) con4!ent#" nt6'e o' o) n-

0tte*ent 'epo't o' 0peec, !e"#/e'e! #n 0#! p'ocee!#n0 o' o) n- ot,e' ct pe')o'*e! (-p6("#c oce'0 #n t,e e+e'c#0e o) t,e#' )6nct#on0.t,e 06(ect 't#c"e0 'e 6n!e' t,#0e+e*pt#on.

P#t /. CA 3 P#no- P"-(o- 9 M#""e' te0t 8$ Te0t0%8% &,et,e' t,e /e'e pe'0on pp"-#n conte*po''- 0tn!'!0J &o6"! 4n! t,e &o'@t@en 0 &,o"e ppe"0 to t,e p'6'#ent #nte'e0t. 8(% &,et,e' t,e &o'@ !ep#ct0 o' !e0c'#(e0#n ptent"- oen0#/e &- 0e+6" con!6ct 0pec#4c""- !e4ne! (- t,e pp"#c("e 0tte "&.8c% &,et,e' t,e &o'@ t@en 0 &,o"e "c@0 0e'#o60 "#te''- 't#0t#c po"#t#c" o' 0c#ent#4c

/"6e.


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F. ASSEMBLY AND PETITION

PRIMICIAS V. FUGOSO 9 p6("#c *eet#n t P" M#'n! 9 81% A 0tt6te 'e6#'#n

pe'0on0 60#n t,e p6("#c 0t'eet0 )o' p'!e o' p'oce00#on to p'oc6'e 0pec#" "#cen0et,e'e)o' )'o* t,e "oc" 6t,o'#t#e0 #0 not n 6ncon0t#t6t#on" ('#!e*ent o) t,e '#,t0o) 00e*("- o' )'ee!o* o) 0peec, n! p'e00 &,e'e 0 t,e 0tt6te #0 con0t'6e! (-t,e 0tte co6't0 t,e "#cen0#n 6t,o'#t#e0 'e 0t'#ct"- "#*#te! #n t,e* #006nce o)"#cen0e0 to con0#!e't#on t,e t#*e p"ce n! *nne' o) t,e p'!e n! p'oce00#ont, /#e& to con0e'/#n t,e p6("#c con/en#ence n! o) o'!#n n oppo't6n#t- top'o/#!e p'ope' po"#c#n n! 'e not #n/e0te! t, '(#t''- !#0c'et#on to #006e o' 'e)60e"#cen0e. 8:% In t,e e+e'c#0e o) po"#ce po&e' t,e co6nc#" *- #n #t0 !#0c'et#on 'e6"te

t,e e+e'c#0e o) 06c, '#,t0 #n 'e0on("e *nne' (6t cnnot 06pp'e00 t,e* !#'ect"-o' #n!#'ect"- (- tte*pt#n to co**#t t,e po&e' o) !o#n 0o to t,e *-o' o' n- ot,e'oce'. T,e !#0c'et#on t, &,#c, t,e co6nc#" #0 /e0te! #0 "e" !#0c'et#on to (ee+e'c#0e! t,#n t,e "#*#t0 o) t,e "& n! not !#0c'et#on to t'n0cen! #t o' to con)e'6pon n- c#t- oce' n! '(#t''- 6t,o'#t- *@#n ,#* #n #t0 e+e'c#0e pett- t-'nt.

NAVARRO V. VILLEGAS 9 S6n@en G'!en0 0 "te'nt#/e to P" M#'n! 9 T,e M-o'

cnnot (e co*pe""e! to #006e t,e pe'*#t. A pe'*#t 0,o6"! 'econ#e t,e '#,t o) t,epp"#cnt0 to ,o"! t,e#' 00e*("- t p6("#c p"ce o) t,e#' c,o#ce not,e' p"ce *-(e !e0#nte! (- t,e "#cen0#n 6t,o'#t- #) #t (e 0,o&n t,t c"e' n! p'e0ent !ne'o) 06(0tnt#/e e/#" #) no c,ne &0 *!e.


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Sect#on . No "& 0,"" (e *!e 'e0pect#n n e0t("#0,*ent o)'e"##on o' p'o,#(#t#n t,e )'ee e+e'c#0e t,e'eo). T,e )'ee e+e'c#0en! eno-*ent o) 'e"##o60 p'o)e00#on n! &o'0,#p t,o6t

!#0c'#*#nt#on o' p'e)e'ence 0,"" )o'e/e' (e ""o&e!. No 'e"##o60te0t 0,"" (e 'e6#'e! )o' t,e e+e'c#0e o) c#/#" o' po"#t#c" '#,t0.

C"60e0 6n!e' Sect#on

1. Non9e0t("#0,*ent c"60e:.F'ee e+e'c#0e o) Re"##on

D#0t#nct#on (et&een t,e c"60e0 8Sc,oo" D#0t'#ct /. Sc,e*pp $?; US :$%

1.T,e non9e0t("#0,*ent c"60e !oe0 not !epen! 6pon n- 0,on o) !#'ecto/e'n*ent" co*p6"0#on. It #0 /#o"te! (- t,e enct*ent o) "&0 &,#c, e0t("#0, noc#" 'e"##on &,et,e' t,o0e "&0 ope'te !#'ect"- to coe'ce non9o(0e'/#n #n!#/#!6"0o' not. T,e te0t o) co*p"#nce t, t,e non9e0t("#0,*ent c"60e cn (e 0tte! 0)o""o&02 W,t 'e t,e p6'po0e0 n! p'#*'- eect o) t,e enct*ent I) e#t,e' #0 t,e!/nce*ent o' #n,#(#t#on o) 'e"##on t,e "& /#o"te0 t,e non9 e0t("#0,*ent c"60e.T,60 #n o'!e' )o' "& to co*p"- t, t,e non9e0t("#0,*ent c"60e t&o 'e6#0#te0*60t (e *et. F#'0t #t ,0 0ec6"' "e#0"t#/e p6'po0e. Secon! #t0 p'#*'- eectne#t,e' !/nce0 no' #n,#(#t0 'e"##on.


73/153

:.T,e )'ee e+e'c#0e o) 'e"##on c"60e t,!'&0 )'o* "e#0"t#/epo&e' t,e e+e't#on o) n- 'e0t'#nt on t,e )'ee e+e'c#0e o) 'e"##on.In o'!e' to 0,o& /#o"t#on o) t,#0 c"60e t,e pe'0on ecte!*60t 0,o& t,e coe'c#/e eect o) t,e "e#0"t#on 0 #t ope'te0#n0t ,#* #n t,e p'ct#ce o) ,#0 'e"##on. W,#"e t,e )'ee!o* to(e"#e/e 8non9e0t("#0,*ent% #0 (0o"6te t,e *o*ent 06c, (e"#e)o&0 o/e' #nto ct#on #t (eco*e0 06(ect to o/e'n*ent'e6"t#on.

Re6#0#te0 )o' o/e'n*ent #! to (e ""o&("e2

1.It *60t ,/e 0ec6"' "e#0"t#/e p6'po0eK:.It *60t ,/e p'#*'- eect t,t ne#t,e' !/nce0 no' #n,#(#t0'e"##onK

$.It *60t not 'e6#'e e+ce00#/e entn"e*ent t, 'ec#p#ent#n0t#t6t#on0.


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C0e 1

An L!"! /0. Co*e"ec

FACTS2 T,#0 #0 Pet#t#on )o' Ce't#o''# t, n pp"#ct#on )o' &'#t o) p'e"#*#n'- *n!to'- #n6nct#on4"e!(- An L!"! LGBT P't- 8 An L!"! % #n0t t,e Re0o"6t#on0 o) COMELEC. T,e c0e ,0 #t0'oot0 #n t,e COMELEC 0 'e)60" to cc'e!#t An L!"! 0 p't-9"#0t o'n#t#on 6n!e' P't-9L#0tS-0te* Act. An L!"! 4'0t pp"#e! )o' 'e#0t't#on t, t,e COMELEC #n :


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C0e :2 Bene/o"ent ne6t'"#t-9cco**o!t#onE0t'! /0. E0c'#to' AM No. P^:^1'. t,o6t t,e (ene4t o) *''#e)o' t&ent- -e'0 n! t,t t,e- ,/e 0on. B6t 0 *e*(e' o) t,e 'e"##o60 0ect @no&n 0t,e >e,o/,0 W#tne00e0 n! t,e Wtc, To&e' n! B#("e T'ct Soc#et- t,e#' con6"

''ne*ent #0 #n con)o'*#t- t, t,e#' 'e"##o60 (e"#e)0. In )ct )te' ten -e'0 o) "#/#ntoet,e' 0,e e+ec6te! on >6"- : 1==1 Dec"'t#on o) P"e!#n F#t,)6"ne00 #n0o)' 0t,e con'et#on #0 conce'ne! t,e'e #0 not,#n #**o'" (o6t t,e con6" ''ne*ent(et&een E0c'#to' n! Q6#"p#o n! t,e- 'e*#n *e*(e'0 #n oo! 0tn!#n #n t,econ'et#on.ISSUE2 W,et,e' o' not E0c'#to' *- (e 0nct#one! #n "#,t o) t,e F'ee E+e'c#0e c"60e

He"!2 No. T,e 0tte ,0 t,e (6'!en o) 0t#0)-#n t,e 5co*pe""#n 0tte #nte'e0t7 te0t to 60t#)-n- po00#("e 0nct#on to (e #*po0e! 6pon E0c'#to'. T,#0 te0t #n/o"/e0 t,'ee 0tep021% T,eco6't0 0,o6"! "oo@ #nto t,e 0#nce'#t- o) t,e 'e"##o60 (e"#e) t,o6t #n6#'#n #nto t,e t'6t, o)t,e (e"#e). :% T,e 0tte ,0 to e0t("#0, t,t #t0 p6'po0e0 'e "e#t#*te n! co*pe""#n. $%

T,e 0tte 60e! t,e "e0t #nt'60#/e *en0 po00#("e.

T,e c0e &0 'e*n!e! to t,e Oce o) t,e Co6't A!*#n#0t'to' 0o t,t t,e o/e'n*ent&o6"! ,/e t,e oppo't6n#t- to !e*on0t'te t,e co*pe""#n 0tte #nte'e0t #t 0ee@0 to 6p,o"!#n oppo0#n E0c'#to'J0 po0#t#on t,t ,e' con6" ''ne*ent #0 not #**o'" n! p6n#0,("e0 #t co*e0 t,#n t,e 0cope o) )'ee e+e'c#0e p'otect#on.

C 6


76/153

Case 6

7enaro 7erona, et al( vs( Secretar+ of Education, et al(89 ;il HS and 7S students of Ce%u( ;u%lic scoolautorities expelled tese students for refusin' to salute te ?a', sin' te national ante&

and recite te pled'e required %+ RA8


77/153

Case

E%ralina' v division superintendent of scools of ce%u


78/153


79/153

Section ( =e li%ert+ of a%ode and of can'in' te sa&e$itin te li&its prescri%ed %+ la$ sall not %e i&paired

except upon la$ful order of te court( 4eiter sall te ri'tto travel %e i&paired except in te interest of nationalsecurit+, pu%lic safet+, or pu%lic ealt, as &a+ %e provided%+ la$(

Case 8


80/153

/anotoc @r( v( CA /a+ 69, 8>

ISSE:

.O4 a person facin' a cri&inal indict&ent and provisionall+ released on %ail ave anunrestricted ri't to travel

HE0G

A court as te po$er to proi%it a person ad&itted to %ail fro& leavin' te ;ilippines( =isis a necessar+ consequence of te nature and function of a %ail %ond( Rule 88, Section 8of te Rules of Court de-nes %ail as te securit+ required and 'iven for te release of aperson $o is in te custod+ of te la$, tat e $ill appear %efore an+ court in $ic isappearance &a+ %e required as stipulated in te %ail %ond or reco'ni1ance( =is initself

operates as a valid restriction on is ri't to travel( Court also reasoned tat te pa+&entof a %ond and te release of te accused %ased on tis is onl+ a continuation of teori'inal i&prison&ent, al%eit under te car'e of Beepers of te coosin' of te accused(If tese Beepers MsuretiesN in tis case F7 Insurance Corp( ave te ri't to prevent teaccused fro& leavin' te countr+, ten all te &ore te courts ave te autorit+ to do tesa&e( /anotoc cited a Court of Appeals decision M;eople vs( Seperd, C(A(*7(R( 4o(9 as %asis, %ut te court o%served tat in te Seperd case,tere $as a sucient and ur'ent necessit+ for te accused to leave te countr+( /anotocad failed to so$ ta tis travel $as ur'ent and necessar+, as it $as &erel+ a %usiness

trip $it no de-nite ti&eta%le( Finall+, te Court also pointed out tat te Constitutionalprovision clearl+ states:

=e li%ert+ of a%ode and of travel sall not %e i&paired except upon la$ful order of te court,or $en necessar+ in te interest of national securit+, pu%lic safet+ or pu%lic ealt(

MSection 5, Article IV of te8K6 Constitution


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Case SCRA 869 M88

Ha%eas Corpus Ri't to 2ail Re%ellion

Facts: Salas aBa 4;As !3a 2ilo') $as arrested and $as car'ed for re%ellion( He $ascar'ed to'eter $it te spouses Concepcion( Salas, to'eter $it is co*accusedlater -led a petition for te .oHC( A conference $as eld tereafter to ear eacpart+s side( It $as later a'reed upon %+ %ot parties tat Salas $ill $itdra$ ispetition for te .oHC and tat e $ill re&ain in custod+ for te continuedinvesti'ation of te case and tat e $ill face trial( =e SC ten, %asin' on testipulations of te parties, eld to dis&iss te a%eas corpus case -led %+ Salas(2ut later on, Salas -led to %e ad&itted for %ail and @ud'e Gonato approved isapplication for %ail( @ud'e Gonato did not %oter earin' te side of teprosecution( =e prosecution ar'ued tat Salas is estopped fro& -lin' %ail %ecausee as $aived is ri't to %ail $en e $itdre$ is petition or a%eas corpus as asi'n of a'ree&ent tat e $ill %e eld in custod+(

ISSE: .eter or not Salas can still validl+ -le for %ail(

HE0G: =e SC ruled tat Salas did $aive is ri't to %ail $en e $itdre$ is petitionfor te issuance of te .oHC( =e contention of te defense tat Salas &erel+a'reed to %e in custod+ and tat te sa&e does not constitute a $aiver of is ri'tto %ail is not tena%le( His $aiver to suc ri't is usti-ed %+ is act of $itdra$in'is petition for .oHC(

Case 8: Co&endador v Ge Villa 9 M88


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Issue: .eter or not &ilitar+ &en are exe&pted fro& teConstitutional 'uarantee on te ri't to %ail(

Cases on constitutional la$ M;ilippine case%ooB series

A istorical and uridical stud+ of te ;ilippine 2ill of ri'ts

Held: =e SC ruled tat te %ail invoBed %+ petitioners is not

availa%le in te &ilitar+ as an exception to te 'eneral rulee&%odied in te 2ill of Ri'ts( =us te ri't to a speed+ trial is'iven &ore e&pasis in te &ilitar+ $ere te ri't to %ail doesnot exist( @usti-cation to tis rule involves te unique structure ofte &ilitar+ and national securit+ considerations $ic &a+ resultto da&a'in' precedents tat &utinous soldiers $ill %e released onprovisional li%ert+ 'ivin' te& te cance to continue teir plot inovertro$in' te 'overn&ent( =erefore te decision of te lo$ercourt 'rantin' %ail to te petitioners $as reversed(

Case < 2a+lon v @ud'e Sison


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Facts: Respondent ud'e is accused for &alfeasance in 'rantin' %ail to te accused car'ed $itdou%le &urder( ;rosecution $as not 'iven notice of at least 6 da+s %efore te sceduled earin' for%ail in violation of Rule 85, section of te Rules of Court and te -lin' of petition for %ail as onl+< non*$orBin' da+ interval fro& te scedule of te earin'( /oreover te prosecution also assailstat te+ $ere not 'iven te cance to present evidence tat stron'l+ prove te 'uilt of te

accused( Respondent ud'e usti-es not avin' co&&itted 'rave a%use of discretion since teprosecution did not interpose o%ection $it is orders and te lacB of previous notice $as cured$it te -lin' of &otion for reconsideration(

Issue: .eter or not te respondent ud'e exercised a%use in discretion in te 'rant of %ail to teaccused(

Held: =e Supre&e Court eld tat tere $as a%use in te discretion of te ud'e in 'rantin' %ail tote accused considerin' tat te &otion for %ail $as -led on a Saturda+ and te earin' $asi&&ediatel+ conducted on /onda+ tere%+ deprivin' te prosecution to &aBe an opposition tereto

and violatin' te 6*da+ notice rule e&%odied in Rule 85, Sec( of Rules of Court( It is a $ellesta%lised rule of la$ tat %ail is not a &atter of ri't and requires a earin' $ere te accused iscar'ed $it an oense $ic is punisa%le %+ deat, reclusion perpetua or life i&prison&ent(Respondent ud'e sould ave carefull+ scrutini1ed te validit+ of petition for %ail %efore &aBin' anoutri't 'rant of tis &otion(

A 'uided le'al principle in te ri't to %ail includes:

( ( =e prosecution &ust -rst %e accorded an opportunit+ to present evidence %ecause %+ te ver+

nature of decidin' applications for %ail, it is on te %asis of suc evidence tat udicial discretion is$ei'ed a'ainst in deter&inin' $eter te 'uilt of te accused is stron'( In oter $ords,discretion &ust %e exercised re'ularl+, le'all+ and $itin te con-nes of procedural due process,tat is, after evaluation of te evidence su%&itted %+ te prosecution( An+ order issued in tea%sence tereof is not a product of sound udicial discretion %ut of $i& and caprice and outri'tar%itrariness(


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Section 8(


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4o person sall %e eld to ans$er for a cri&inal oense $itout dueprocess of la$(

In all cri&inal prosecutions, te accused sall %e presu&ed innocentuntil te contrar+ is proved, and sall eno+ te ri't to %e eard%+ i&self and counsel, to %e infor&ed of te nature and cause ofte accusation a'ainst i&, to ave a speed+, i&partial, andpu%lic trial, to &eet te $itnesses face to face, and to aveco&pulsor+ process to secure te attendance of $itnesses and te

production of evidence in is %ealf( Ho$ever, after arrai'n&ent,trial &a+ proceed not$itstandin' te a%sence of te accused:;rovided, tat e as %een dul+ noti-ed and is failure to appearis unusti-a%le(

Ri'ts of an accused Ri'ts of a person car'ed $it a cri&inal oense


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8(Ri't to due process of la$


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8( Ri't to %e present at te trial

A( =e ri't to %e present covers te period fro& ARRAI74/E4= to ;RO/07A=IO4 of sentence(

2( After arrai'n&ent, trial &a+ proceed not$itstandin' a%sence of accused, provided < requisites are &et( 4ote, tat trial in a%sentia is allo$ed

onl+ if te accused as %een validl+ arrai'ned(

Mi Accused as %een dul+ noti-edN and

MiiHis failure to appear is unusti-a%le(

C( =e accused &a+ $aive te ri't to %e present at te trial %+ not so$in' up( Ho$ever, te court can still co&pel te attendance of te accusedif necessar+ for identi-cation purposes( ECE;=IO4: If te accused, after arrai'n&ent, as stipulated tat e is indeed te person car'ed $itte oense and na&ed in te infor&ation, and tat an+ ti&e a $itness refers to a na&e %+ $ic e is Bno$n, te $itness is to %e understoodas referrin' to i&(

G( .ile te accused is entitled to %e present durin' pro&ul'ation of ud'&ent, te a%sence of is counsel durin' suc pro&ul'ation does not

aect its validit+(


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;urposes of te ri't:

8=o furnis te accused $it a description of te car'e a'ainst i&as $ill ena%le i& to &aBe is defenses


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Factors used in deter&inin' $eter te ri't to a speed+ trial as %een violated

8=i&e expired fro& te -lin' of te infor&ation


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;urposes of te ri't:

8(=o aord te accused an opportunit+ to cross*exa&ine te $itness


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Case < Gue processN ;reudicial pu%licit+

/AR=E0I4O v A0E@A4GRO


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6< SCRA 89CAS=RON /arc


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Case 6

Speed+, i&partial, and pu%lic trial


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CO4GE VS( RIVERA "5 ;HI0 59N 7(R( 4O(


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Enrile v( Sala1ar 7(R(


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.HA= IS HA2EAS COR;SD

Ha%eas corpus &eans !avin' it %rou't) plus !%od+)

=o inquire into te le'alit+ of te detention of a person


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=o inquire into te le'alit+ of te detention of a person

A $rit or order requirin' tat a prisoner %e %rou't %efore a ud'e or into court to decide $eter eis %ein' eld la$full+(

.H IS HA2EAS COR;S CO4SIGEREG A4 ECE;=IO4 =O =HE ECE;=IO4D 2ecause it is a prero'ative $rit and terefore &ust %e decided upon i&&ediatel+ %+ te court

=e a%eas corpus proceedin' &ust taBe precedence over all oter cases %ecause it involves teli%ert+ of te person

.I=HI4 HO. /A4 HORS SHO0G A @G7E RESO0VE A HA2EAS COR;S ;ROCEEGI47D

.itin > ours or < da+s

.HA= ARE =HE G=IES OF =HE ;20IC A==OR4E IF =HE ACCSEG ASSI74EG =O HI/ IS I/;RISO4EGD

8( He sall pro&ptl+ undertaBe to o%tain te presence of te prisoner for trial, or cause a notice to %eserved on te person avin' custod+ of te prisoner, requirin' suc person to advise te

prisoner of is ri't to de&and trial


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MCont(

Aquino v Enrile M7 R 4o 0 655 Septe&%er 8K 8K 5 SCRA 8>6


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Aquino v( Enrile M7(R( 4o( 0*655, Septe&%er 8K, 8K, 5 SCRA 8>6

Gecided durin' &artial la$, it involved te petition of a%eas corpus of /arcos critics, nota%l+2eni'no Aquino, @r( and @ose .( GioBno( =e Supre&e Court decided unani&ousl+ to dis&isste petitions, %ut as Cief @ustice Yueru%e /aBalintal put it, Qtere $as no a'ree&ent as tote &anner te issues $ould %e treated and developed( =e sa&e destination $ould %ereaced, so to speaB, %ut trou' dierent routes and %+ &eans of dierent veicles ofapproac(Q He said tat te reason $+ te Court did not produce a sin'le, colle'ial opinion,a&on' oters, $as tat te &e&%ers of te Supre&e Court are conscious of Qte futureverdict of istor+Q upon teir stand(

Even %efore te cases $ere decided, GioBno, to te ca'rin of te Supre&e Court, opted to$itdra$ is petition on te 'round tat no fair decision can %e &ade of te court to render

i& ustice( .at &ade it $orse $as te fact tat %efore te Supre&e Court could respond toGioB&os callen'e, /arcos issued an order releasin' i& and te oter petitioners, leavin'Aquino %eind(

@ustice Fred Rui1 Castro opined tat te declaration of &artial la$ auto&aticall+ suspends teapplication of te said $rit, tus Aquino cannot %e released( He said tat &artial la$ Qisfounded upon te principle tat te state as a ri't to protect itself a'ainst tose $o$ould destro+ it, and as terefore %een liBened to te ri't of an individual to self*defense(Q

7arcia*;adilla v( Enrile M0*86>>, April 6 ,8


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Section 8K(4o person sall %e co&pelled to %e a $itness a'ainst

i&self(

.en is a question incri&inatin':

A question tends to incri&inate $en te ans$er of te accused or te $itness $ould esta%lis a fact


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A question tends to incri&inate $en te ans$er of te accused or te $itness $ould esta%lis a fact$ic $ould %e a necessar+ linB in a cain of evidence to prove te co&&ission of a cri&e %+ teaccused or te $itness(

Gistinction %et$een an accused and an ordinar+ $itness

8(An accused can refuse to taBe te $itness stand %+ invoBin' te ri't a'ainst self* incri&ination(


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CASES A4G GOC=RI4ES O4 RI7H= A7AI4S= SE0FI4CRI/I4A=IO4

Article 6, Section 8K, Case Goctrines


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2er&ude1 v( Castillo

and$ritin'N refused to provideN perur+ Se $as co&pletel+entitled to te privile'e invoBed %+ er %ecause se $asco&pelled to $rite and $ere it proven %+ &eans of $at se &i'tri't later tat te docu&ents $ere $ritten %+ er, it $ould %ei&possi%le for er to evade persecution for perur+

Ca%al v( 3apunan @r(

'raftN corrupt practices, unexplained $ealt ;roceedin's for teforfeiture of propert+ are dee&ed cri&inal and penal and ence,te exe&ption of te defendants in cri&inal cases fro& teo%li'ation to %e a $itness a'ainst te&selves are applica%leteretoN

Al&onte v( Vasque1

su%poena duces tecu&N 'overn&ent a'enc+ At co&&on la$, a'overn&ental privile'e is reco'ni1ed $it respect to state secrets%earin' on &ilitar+, diplo&atic and si&ilar &atters( In tis case,

tere is no clai& tat &ilitar+ or diplo&atic secrets $ill %e


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Ge-nition of involuntar+ servitude

It is ever+ condition of enforced or co&pulsor+ service of one to


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It is ever+ condition of enforced or co&pulsor+ service of one toanoter no &atter under $at for& suc servitude &a+ %edis'uised(

Exceptions:

8(;unis&ent for a cri&e for $ic te part+ as %een dul+ convicted


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Section


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%e i&prisoned for de%t or

non*pa+&ent of a poll tax(Ge-nition of de%t under Section


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Section


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eope ' o a case

4o re*openin' of a case &a+ %e ordered of a cri&inal case after accused as

started servin' is sentenceN a ud'&ent in a cri&inal case %eco&es -nal after

te lapse of te period for perfectin' an appeal or $en te sentence as%een partiall+ or totall+ satis-ed or served or te defendant a $aived in

$ritin' is appealN $itdra$al of plea of 'uilt+ does not constitute $aiver

of defense of dou%le eopard+ ti&el+ invoBed(

;eople v( O%sania rape

In order tat te protection a'ainst dou%le eopard+ &a+ inure in favor of anaccused, te follo$in'

requisites &ust ave o%tained in te ori'inal prosecution dou%le eopard+

attaces $en:

a( a valid co&plaint or infor&ation

%( a co&petent court

c( defendant ad pleaded to te car'e

d( defendant $as acquitted or convicted or te case a'ainst i& $as dis&issed

or oter$ise ter&inated $itout is consent dis&issal $it express consent

of te defendant constitutes $aiver

Rivera v( ;eople

transportation of &ariuana

VER2A0 ORGER OF GIS/ISSA0 $ic $as not reduced into $ritin &a %e set

Mcont(Cuison v( CA dou%le o&icide =e pro&ul'ation of onl+ one part of te

decision i(e( lia%ilit+ for civil inde&nit+, is 4O= A 2AR, to te su%sequent


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pro&ul'ation of te oter part, te i&position of te cri&inal accounta%ilit+ doctrine on dou%le eopard+ sa&e as in Cudia and O%sania cases(

;eople v( Velasco o&icide and frustrated o&icide Requisites to successfull+ invoBe dou%le

eopard+ Mrefer to O%saniaN .ere an acquittal is concerned, te rules donot distin'uis $eter it occurs at te level of te trial court or an appealon a ud'&ent of conviction( =is -r&l+ esta%lises te -nalit+*of*acquittalruleN An acquittal is -nal and unappeala%le O4 =HE 7RO4G OF GO20E

@EO;ARG $eter it appens at te trial court of %efore te Court of

AppealsN doctrine tat dou%le eopard+ &a+ not %e invoBed after trial &a+appl+ onl+ $en te Court -nds tat te cri&inal trial $as a sa& %ecausete prosecution representin' te soverei'n people in te cri&inal case $asdenied due process(

Salcedo v( /endo1a o&icide trou' recBless i&prudence 7eneral rule:dis&issal of cri&inal case upon &otion or $it express consent of accused$ill not %e a %ar to te su%sequent prosecution of te accused for te sa&e

oense( ECE;=IO4 =O =HE R0E: $en dis&issal is 'rounded upon teri't of te accused to a speed+ trial( =is a&ounts to a ud'&ent ofacquittal on te &erits $ic %ars te su%sequent prosecution of accusedfor te sa&e oense

Oriente v( ;eople o&icideN lead pipe It is $ell settled tat $en an accusedappeals fro& te sentence of te trial court, e $aives te constitutional

safe'uard a'ainst dou%le eopard+N Courts ave te inerent po$er to

.at are considered to %e te !SA/E OFFE4SE):Munder te 8stsentence of Section


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8Exact identit+ %et$een te oenses car'ed in te -rst and secondcases(


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teft of electricit+N punisa%le %+ an ordinance and te R;C A person $o $as car'ed for violatin' a

cit+ ordinance $ic $as dis&issed for prescription of te oense &a+ not %e car'ed a'ain under teR;CN clai& of dou%le eop

Consti Law 2 Powerpoint March 2015

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Transcript of Consti Law 2 Powerpoint March 2015