Considering People with Disabilities as Überusers for Eliciting Generalisable Coping Strategies on...
-
Upload
markel-vigo -
Category
Technology
-
view
305 -
download
0
description
Transcript of Considering People with Disabilities as Überusers for Eliciting Generalisable Coping Strategies on...
![Page 1: Considering People with Disabilities as Überusers for Eliciting Generalisable Coping Strategies on the Web](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070302/5481e24eb4af9f640d8b4620/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Considering People with Disabilities
as Überusers
for Eliciting Generalisable Coping Strategies
on the Web
Markel Vigo1 & Simon Harper2 University of Manchester (UK)
1: @markelvigo2: @sharpic
ACM Web Science 2013
[email protected]@manchester.ac.uk
http://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.695072
![Page 2: Considering People with Disabilities as Überusers for Eliciting Generalisable Coping Strategies on the Web](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070302/5481e24eb4af9f640d8b4620/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Coping
The cognitive and behavioral efforts to manage demands that exceed the resources of a person.
Lazarus & Folkman, 1984
ACM Web Science 20132 May 2013 2
![Page 3: Considering People with Disabilities as Überusers for Eliciting Generalisable Coping Strategies on the Web](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070302/5481e24eb4af9f640d8b4620/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Problem
We do not know the coping strategies employed on the Web
ACM Web Science 20132 May 2013 3
![Page 4: Considering People with Disabilities as Überusers for Eliciting Generalisable Coping Strategies on the Web](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070302/5481e24eb4af9f640d8b4620/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Why is this important
If we are able to automatically detect coping we can provide the means to overcome the
situation
ACM Web Science 20132 May 2013 4
![Page 5: Considering People with Disabilities as Überusers for Eliciting Generalisable Coping Strategies on the Web](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070302/5481e24eb4af9f640d8b4620/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
What do we propose
ACM Web Science 20132 May 2013
Transferring the identified strategies from populations who cope more frequent and
overtly to general audiences
5
![Page 6: Considering People with Disabilities as Überusers for Eliciting Generalisable Coping Strategies on the Web](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070302/5481e24eb4af9f640d8b4620/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Why is it challenging
Coping occurs seldom
Once every 75 minutes. Novick et al., 2007
112 minutes for sighted users95 for visually impairedVigo and Harper, 2013
ACM Web Science 20132 May 2013 6
![Page 7: Considering People with Disabilities as Überusers for Eliciting Generalisable Coping Strategies on the Web](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070302/5481e24eb4af9f640d8b4620/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Why is it costly
Significant amount of observations in the wild are required
ACM Web Science 20132 May 2013 7
![Page 8: Considering People with Disabilities as Überusers for Eliciting Generalisable Coping Strategies on the Web](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070302/5481e24eb4af9f640d8b4620/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
What do we propose: Step 1. Observation &
Identification of Strategies
ACM Web Science 20132 May 2013 8
1. Observation
![Page 9: Considering People with Disabilities as Überusers for Eliciting Generalisable Coping Strategies on the Web](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070302/5481e24eb4af9f640d8b4620/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
What do we propose: Step 2. Implementation of
algorithms to detect strategies
ACM Web Science 20132 May 2013 9
1. Observation 2. Algorithms
![Page 10: Considering People with Disabilities as Überusers for Eliciting Generalisable Coping Strategies on the Web](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070302/5481e24eb4af9f640d8b4620/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
ACM Web Science 20132 May 2013
What do we propose: Step 3. Deployment in the wild
10
1. Observation 2. Algorithms 3. Deployment
![Page 11: Considering People with Disabilities as Überusers for Eliciting Generalisable Coping Strategies on the Web](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070302/5481e24eb4af9f640d8b4620/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
What do we propose: Step 4. Run user studies
ACM Web Science 20132 May 2013 11
1. Observation 2. Algorithms 3. Deployment 4. User studies
![Page 12: Considering People with Disabilities as Überusers for Eliciting Generalisable Coping Strategies on the Web](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070302/5481e24eb4af9f640d8b4620/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
What do we propose: Refine algorithms
go to step 2
ACM Web Science 20132 May 2013 12
1. Observation 2. Algorithms 3. Deployment 4. User studies
![Page 13: Considering People with Disabilities as Überusers for Eliciting Generalisable Coping Strategies on the Web](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070302/5481e24eb4af9f640d8b4620/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Case studyStep 1. Observation and analysis
• 2 independent studies/datasets generated from ethnographic studies and user tests
• 24 screen reader and screen magnifier users
• 17 coping strategies were identified
ACM Web Science 20132 May 2013 13
![Page 14: Considering People with Disabilities as Überusers for Eliciting Generalisable Coping Strategies on the Web](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070302/5481e24eb4af9f640d8b4620/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Case studyStep 2. Implementation
- Retracing: users retrace the steps in a sequence of pages.
- Re-checking: fast revisitations.
ACM Web Science 20132 May 2013 14
![Page 15: Considering People with Disabilities as Überusers for Eliciting Generalisable Coping Strategies on the Web](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070302/5481e24eb4af9f640d8b4620/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Case studyStep 3. Deployment
• Algorithms deployed in a Firefox add-on
ACM Web Science 20132 May 2013 15
![Page 16: Considering People with Disabilities as Überusers for Eliciting Generalisable Coping Strategies on the Web](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070302/5481e24eb4af9f640d8b4620/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Case studyStep 4. User study
• 18 sighted participants, 10 days
• 126 retraces and 67 rechecks
• Tabbed browsing was interfering
• Feedback on false positives:– “I’m browsing across tabs”– “I’m comparing different web pages”– “I’m navigating through different tabs”
ACM Web Science 20132 May 2013 16
![Page 17: Considering People with Disabilities as Überusers for Eliciting Generalisable Coping Strategies on the Web](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070302/5481e24eb4af9f640d8b4620/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Case studyRefinement; then iterate.
Tab browsing breaks the interaction context
re-checking:
webpagei wpj wpi wpj
ACM Web Science 20132 May 2013 17
NON-TABBED NON-TABBED NON-TABBED
![Page 18: Considering People with Disabilities as Überusers for Eliciting Generalisable Coping Strategies on the Web](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070302/5481e24eb4af9f640d8b4620/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
False positive rate (less is better)
ACM Web Science 20132 May 2013
Retracing Re-checking
18
• 2nd study: 20 sighted participants, 10 days• 24 retraces, 16 rechecks
![Page 19: Considering People with Disabilities as Überusers for Eliciting Generalisable Coping Strategies on the Web](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070302/5481e24eb4af9f640d8b4620/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Conclusion
There is an overlap between the coping strategies of different populations
ACM Web Science 20132 May 2013 19
![Page 20: Considering People with Disabilities as Überusers for Eliciting Generalisable Coping Strategies on the Web](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070302/5481e24eb4af9f640d8b4620/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Follow up
ACM Web Science 20132 May 2013 20
Contact@markelvigo | [email protected]
Presentation DOIhttp://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.695072
Source codehttps://bitbucket.org/mvigo/cope
Datasetshttp://wel-data.cs.manchester.ac.uk/studies/3