Conservative Movements From the Colonial Period to the Civil War Lecture 3 May 18.
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Transcript of Conservative Movements From the Colonial Period to the Civil War Lecture 3 May 18.
Colonial Period
Puritans
The Reformation in England (1530s)
Migration to America (1610-1620)
Expansion throughout New England
Conservative Character of Puritans
• Higher Law
• Human Nature
• Community-Culture
• Civic Duty
• Vocation
Instances of Conservatism:
1) Witch Trials
More info
2) Opposition to Independence from England
Conservative Character of Loyalists & Revolutionaries
The Effects of Change on:- Order- Prosperity- Culture- Life, Liberty and Property
Famous quote:
• Samuel Seabury wrote, "If I must be enslaved let it be by a King at least, and not by a parcel of upstart lawless Committeemen."
The Founding
• Federalists• Successful Independence from Britain• Failure of the Articles
To promote prosperityTo promote orderTo provide security
• Shay’s Rebellion (1786-1787)
Conservative Character of the Federalists
- Suspicion of Human Nature- Limited Government- Order and Safety- Protect Property- Protect certain institutions- Opposition to Bill of Rights
John Marshall’s Conservative Legacy
• Judicial LegacyProperty Rights Fletcher v. Peck (1810)
Dartmouth College vs. Woodward (1819)
Judicial Review Marbury vs. Madison (1803)
FederalismGibbons vs. Ogden (1824)McCulloch vs. Maryland (1819)
Some quotes:
“The utility of the UNION to your political prosperity -- The insufficiency of the present Confederation to preserve that Union The additional security which its adoption will afford to the preservation of that species of government, to liberty, and to property.”
Alexander Hamilton Federalist 1
Some quotes:
“God Almighty has decreed in the creation of human nature an eternal aristocracy among men. The world is, always has been and ever will be governed by it”
John Adams
Some quotes:
“If men were angels, no government would be necessary. If angels were to govern
men, neither external nor internal controls on government would be necessary.”
James Madison Federalist 51
Important tradeoffs:
Titles of NobilityProvision of Representation
No-Property Qualifications for Federal office holdings.
New States eq. to olderNo Religious Test
Bill of Rights
The Whig Party• Lack of an Opposition Party • Opposition to Jackson’s policies:
Universal Suffrage“Manifest Destiny”
The Conservative Character of the Whig Party
• Support for Modernization (Capitalism)• Against Universal Suffrage• Avoided discussion of Slavery (status quo)• Weak coalition that had three major
conservative groups:NativistsMoralists
**Gave birth to the Republican, Constitutional Union and Know-Nothings Party
Famous quote:
“Universal suffrage, for example, could not long exist in a community where there was great inequality of property. In the nature of things, those who have not property, and see their neighbors possess much more than they think them to need, cannot be favorable to laws made for the protection of property. When this class becomes numerous, it grows clamorous. It looks on property as its prey and plunder, and is naturally ready, at all times, for violence and revolution.”
Daniel Webster First Settlement of New England 1820
The Road to the Civil War
• Conserving the Union• The Southern Tradition• Human Nature• Origin of Inequality• Institution of Slavery
Famous quote:
“The Southern States are an aggregate, in fact, communities, not of individuals. Every plantation is a little community, with the master at its head, who concentrates in himself the united interests of capital and labor., of which he is the common representative. […] Hence the harmony, the union, the stability of that section.”
John Calhoun