Consequences of Neglect

8/6/2019 Consequences of Neglect

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Colleen Moore

Jeremy Oenstein

Nancy Shulock

July 2011

Caliornia State University, Sacramento

ii r hihr dcaiadrhip & picy

Performance Trends in California Higher Education

ConsequenCes of negleCt:

6000 J Steet, Tahoe Hall 3063 | Sacaento, CA 95819-6081

T (916) 278-3888 | F (916) 278-3907 | www.csus.edu/ihelpInstitute or Higher Education Leadership & Policy


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| iNSTiTUTE FOr HiGHEr EdUCATiON LEAdErSHip & pOLiCy AT CALiFOrNiA STATE UNivErSiTy, SACrAmENTO

Executive Summary

Calona lawakes hae oun t nceasngl cult to

otect the states nestent n ts colleges an unestes

oe the last ecae este the gowng eence that the state

nees a oe o ts ctzens to ean ostsecona ceentals.Atonall, Calona hghe eucaton contnues to oeate

wthout eecte coonaton an wth no state-leel lannng,

este contnue calls o the state to set goals an eelo

lans to ensue that ts colleges an unestes wll e 21st

Centu econoc coetteness an socal well-beng. Ths

eot eonstates the consequences o estng on eutatons

an olces o esteea. Calona s nowhee nea a leae on

the easues o hghe eucaton eoance that the natons

goenos an eucatonal leaes hae been tackng o oe a

ecae. We ae aeage, at best, an tenng ownwa.

Oe the seen eas that the insttute o Hghe EucatonLeaesh & polc (iHELp) has been tackng these easues,

eeloe b a leang natonal olc oganzaton (see

box), thee has been oeent n onl one aea the

eaaton o hgh school stuents o college an we ae

stll wose than ost states n that catego. iHELp oes ths

eot n the hoe that Calonans wll cot to eesng the

ten towa oucng oung geneatons that ae not as well

eucate as we nee the to be. in atcula, we hoe that

those who benette n the letes o the ublc colleges

an unestes that ae the state geat wll act to ao

that sae ootunt to oung Calonans an eese the

eclne towa the botto o the ack. it s a seous stake

to assue that a subset o hgh ole, hgh eong

colleges an unestes equates to a ublc ostsecona

sste that s u to the task o eucatng gowng geneatons

o Calonans. The outcoes ocuente n ths eot ae

not ones to celebate. Tes ae tough but the ae tough

acoss the count. Calona shoul o bette.

Key Findings by Category

n Calonas eoance n each o the categoes lace

the state no hghe than aeage, excet atcaton,

whee the ata showng stong atcaton coae to

othe states a be outate an not account o ecent

ecesson-elate buget cuts an enollent essues.

n Whle stll eong wose than ost states on natonal

easues, ntenal state ata show oeent n the aea

o eang K-12 stuents o hghe eucaton, nclung

aong the une-eesente not oulatons whose

college eaaton has lagge.

n Calona ates about aeage aong the states on

aoablt, but buget cuts an substantal nceases n

tuton an ees a be eong the states oston on

aoablt; ang o sng an unectable college

costs s a challenge o an o the states stuents an

the ales.

About this Report Series:Ths s the outh n iHELps sees o eots eousl ttle The Grades are In. Each eot (2004, 2006, an

2008) ollowe the ublcaton b the Natonal Cente o publc polc an Hghe Eucaton o ts b-annual Measuring Up eot gang

the 50 states on the eoance o the hghe eucaton sstes.1The Grades are In eots exloe Calonas gaes n oe eth

an oe atonal analses o eoance b egon an b ace/ethnct. 2 The Natonal Cente not ssue a Measuring Up eot

ca n 2010 n antcaton o ts lanne closue. Ths eot uses aalable ata to ate the eoance o Calona hghe eucaton n a

natonal context an uates the o analses o aatons acoss egons an gous wthn the state.3

Methods: We exane Calonas eoance n sx categoes: eaaton, atcaton, aoablt, coleton, benets, an nance. We

use ata o the Natonal Cente o Hghe Eucaton manageent Sstes (NCHEmS) inoaton Cente o Hghe Eucaton polcakng

an Analss4 to calculate Calonas eoance elate to othe states. We not eo sla coutatons o the othe 49 states;

theeoe, we cannot cte to-eong states n each catego o Calonas secc laceent aong states, excet whee we coent on

nual easues wthn a catego. in aton to the state-leel easues o NCHEmS, we use othe souces o ata to analze eoance

b egon an b ace/ethnct, an to assess tens oe te. (See Aences 1 an 3 o oe etals about ethoolog.)

Category Current Performance 7-year Trend

peaaton Wose than ost states

Aoablt Aeage

patcaton Bette than ost states

Coleton Aeage

Benets Aeage

Fnance Aeage


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CONSEQUENCES OF NEGLECT |

n Coaatel hghe atcaton n college too o ten

als to lea to egee coleton. Whle gauaton

ates o ull-te stuents ae hgh, Calona eos

ool on the nube o egees awae n elaton to

enollent.

n The ublc benets assocate wth eucatonal

attanent a be at sk. Whle the shae o the

oulaton wth a bachelos egee s hghe than n

an states, Calonas elate oston s eclnng as

each successel ounge wokng-age geneaton s less

hghl eucate than the one beoe.

n Calona ranks 50th aong states n total unng e

stuent. State-allocatedunng s a lttle below thenatonal aeage but tuition revenue e stuent to

suot ublc hghe eucaton s arbelow the natonal

aeage, owng to the e low tuton n the lage

count college sste. The aeage state eenue

an lowest tuton eenue cobne to leae Calona n

last lace n total unng e stuent.

n Acoss all categoes o whch ata et egonal an

acal/ethnc beakowns, thee ae sgncant sates

that theaten utue eucatonal attanent an

coetteness. Black an Latno stuents contnue to

lag behn othe acal/ethnc gous n leels o college

eaaton, atcaton, an coleton. The gowng

nlan aeas o the state geneall lag the ole, coastal

countes n eoance.

Conclusions

n Calonas utue oset ests on ts ablt to

aatcall oe outcoes o those oulatons

an egons that seousl lag the est o the state. These

nclue gants, nate st-geneaton college

stuents, an low-ncoe nuals o all aces anethnctes. Closng these eoance gas ust

becoe a to state ot wth a oe ublct

an accountablt b colleges an unestes and

lawakes o ensung equtable ootuntes o

access to ostsecona nsttutons that ae eque

o an cotte to stuent success.

n The cuent aoach to unng hghe eucaton an

settng olces s not eecte. Whethe t be one

on a statewe o egonal bass, thee ust be bette

lannng, bette ata, we noleent o lawakes,

an oe authot to ut n lace the stuctues an

olces that wll ouce bette state-we outcoes.

Othe states ae takng a oe oacte an ntentonal

stes to oe ostsecona success, such as

jonng Complete College America, bulng ntegate

ata sstes, eelong stategc lans, changng

the ncentes n the nance olces, an aotng

statewe accountablt lans that seak to tal state

goals. Calona ust egan the uoseul aoach

to hghe eucaton that t oele oe t eas ago

wth the maste plan o Hghe Eucaton.

Outline o Report

intene as a esouce o those nteeste n ong

the nubes o Calonans who ean ostsecona

ceentals o alue o ou ublc colleges an

unestes, ths eot nclues:

3 an assessent o Calonas oeall eoance n each

o sx categoes, base on the ata gathee b NCHEmS5

3 analses o ata o othe souces that allow o abeakown o eoance b egon6 an ace/ethnct,

n oe to ocus attenton on the ke aatons that

waant olc attenton7

3 a sua o tens n each eoance aea

3 a be escton o soe ke ssues n each

eoance aea to oe the context o ossble

actons to oe eoance, wth a lst o esouce

ateals whee oe secc ecoenatons a be

oun o olc ssues o nteest

3 aences to assst those wth an nteest n the etals

o the coutatons, nclung ou ethoolog o

etenng Calonas elate eoance aong

the states.


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1 | iNSTiTUTE FOr HiGHEr EdUCATiON LEAdErSHip & pOLiCy AT CALiFOrNiA STATE UNivErSiTy, SACrAmENTO

Preparation: Worse than Most States

+ Calona anks 8th n the nube o Ap scoes at 3o aboe e 1,000 junos/senos.

The hgh school gauaton ate o the state s 68%,

ankng 36th aong the states.

The state anks no bette than 39th n the shae o 8th

gaes who scoe at the ocent leel o bette on

the Natonal Assessent o Eucatonal pogess.

How is Caliornia Perorming?Preparation

College eaness s tcall ene an easue n tes

o stuents acaec sklls an eaaton to succee ncollege-leel couses. Whle thee ae an non-acaec

actos that aect ostsecona success, nclung stuents

otaton, cotent, te anageent sklls, an

unestanng o the college context, easues o these

attbutes ae not as eal aalable.

in tes o acaec eaaton o college, Calona

eos wose than ost states. The one bght sot

coae to othe states s the nube o Aance

placeent (Ap) test scoes at 3 o aboe (the scoe neee

to ecee college cet), on whch the state anke 8th.

Although Calonas Ap stuents ae elatel well eae,

othe ncatos ont to eaaton obles aong

the ajot o stuents. in atcula, leels o eaaton

aong 8th gaes wee low as easue b the

stanaze tests that ake u the Natonal Assessent o

Eucatonal pogess. On all ou subject tests, 25% o ewe

8th gaes teste as ocent o bette an the state anks

nea the botto on these easues. The states hgh school

gauaton ate s also low elate to othe states neal

a th o nnth gaes n the state o not colete hgh

school wthn ou eas.

Key Findings: Regional Dierences

n pocenc n ath an language ats aong 8th gaes,

as easue b the Calona Stanas Tests (CST), aes

conseabl acoss egons (Table 1).

The ate o ocenc n ath aong 8th gaes

anges o 50% o oe n the ino-mono egon

an Oange Count to about 33% n the inlan

Ee an the San Joaqun valle.

Over 60% of 8th graders are proficient in language

ats n Oange Count an the San Fancsco Ba,

whle 45% o 8th gaes n the South San Joaqun

valle ae ocent.

n deences n the nube o hgh scoes on college

entance exas efect aaton n both the shae o

stuents takng the tests an the e oance o the test-

takes. The nube o SAT test-takes as a shae o hgh

school senos was 40% o oe n the San Fancsco Ba

aea an Oange Count. in contast, less than one-quate

o senos n Sueo Calona, South San Joaqun valle,

the Noth Coast, an the Ue Sacaento valle took

the SAT.

n Slal, the nube o hgh scoes on Ap exas efects,at least n at, eences n the aalablt o Ap couses

an exas acoss the state. Ap test takes as a shae o

juno an seno enollent was 25% o oe n the

Cental Coast, Los Angeles an Oange Countes, the San

Fancsco Ba, an San dego/ieal, but onl 12% to

18% n all othe egons.

n Hgh schools n soe egons ae bette able to oe

stuents wth a oe goous set o couses to eae

the o college (Fgue 1).

The shae o 8th gaes takng algeba anges o 45%

n the Cental Coast an the ino-mono egon to oe

60% n the San Fancsco Ba an the inlan Ee.

Enollent n chest an hscs as a shae o

11th an 12th gae stuents s below 50% n all

egons, an enollent n aance ath couses s

geneall een lowe, angng o 18% n the South

San Joaqun valle to about 37% n the San Fancsco

Ba, Oange Count an the ino-mono egon.

About 20% of high school graduates in the Upper

Sacaento valle an Noth Coast egons

colete the college-eaato cuculu

eque o ent to the states ublc unestes

(known as the a-g couses), whle 40% o oe o

gauates n Los Angeles an Oange Countes, the

San dego-ieal egon, an the San Fancsco

Ba colete that set o couses.


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RegionShare of 8th Graders ator Above Proficient in

Math, 2010*

Share of 8th Graders ator Above Proficient in

Language Arts, 2010

Number of AP Scores >=3per 1,000 11th and 12th

Graders, 2008-09

Number of Scores on SAT>=1500 and on ACT >=21

per 1,000 HS Seniors, 2008-09

ino-mono 53% 55% 132 210

Oange Count 50% 63% 414 377

Cental Coast 49% 58% 277 290

San Fancsco Ba 47% 61% 366 384

San dego/ieal 44% 60% 330 282

Sacaento-Tahoe 44% 58% 178 246

Sueo Calona 40% 57% 130 184

Noth Coast 39% 52% 118 172

Ue Sacaento valle 39% 53% 102 163

montee Ba 37% 49% 172 201

Los Angeles Count 37% 48% 264 232

Noth San Joaqun valle 35% 48% 124 149

South San Joaqun valle 34% 45% 109 113

inlan Ee 32% 50% 152 150

Table 1

K-12 Preparation Measures by Region

Souce: Autho calculatons base on ata o the Calona deatent o Eucaton

* refects the eoance o stuents who took the CST o ethe Geneal matheatcs o Algeba i

n Twent ecent o Calona 11th gaes atcatng

n the CSUs Eal Assessent poga eonstateeaness o college n Englsh, whle 14% eonstate

eaness o college-leel ath an anothe 41% wee

contonall ea (Fgue 2).8 reaness n Englsh ae

o 14% n the South San Joaqun valle to 27% n the

Cental Coast, an ath eaness (nclung contonal)

ae o 42% n the montee Ba to 67% n the Cental

Coast. A lage shae o Calona junos atcate n

the Englsh EAp (81%) than the ath (38%). All junos ae

elgble to take the Englsh EAp exa whle onl thoseenolle n a ath class at the leel o inteeate Algeba

o hghe can take the ath exa. The shae o junos

takng the ath exa ae substantall acoss egons,

o 26% n the Noth Coast to 43% n Oange Count.

most egons ha about thee-quates o oe o junos

takng the Englsh exa, although t was soewhat lowe

(67%) n the Noth Coast.


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Figure 1

Enrollment in College Preparatory Courses by Region


Share o 8th Graders taking Algebra, 2009-10

Enrollment in Chemistry/Physics as a Share o 11th-12th Grade Enrollment, 2008-09

Enrollment in Advanced Math Courses as a Share o 11th-12th Grade Enrollment, 2008-09

Share o HS Grads Completing A-G, 2009

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80%

inlan Ee

San Fancsco Ba

Noth San Joaqun valle

South San Joaqun valle

San dego/ieal

Oange Count

Los Angeles Count

Noth Coast

Sueo Calona

montee Ba

Ue Sacaento valle

Sacaento-Tahoe

ino-mono

Cental Coast

Statewide


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Figure 2

Share o Tested 11th Graders Demonstrating Readiness or College on Early Assessment Program (E AP) Exams

Souce: Autho calculatons base on ata o the Calona State Unest

Key Findings: Racial/Ethnic Dierences

n Asan20 an whte 8th gae stuents ae neal twce as

lkel to be ocent n ath an language ats as ae

black an Latno stuents (Fgue 3).

n Black an Latno stuents ae substantall less lkel to

take aance ath n hgh school an to colete the

sees o couses eque o asson to the states

ublc unestes, although thee s less sat n

the shae o 8th gaes takng algeba (Fgue 4). Asan

stuents ae the ost lkel to take goous college

eaato cousewok.

n Black an Latno stuents ae less lkel to atcate n

the Eal Assessent poga, esecall n ath. Aong

11th gaes, onl 24% o black an 30% o Latno stuents

took the ath EAp exa, coae to 41% o whte an

60% o Asan stuents, lkel elate to the lowe shae oblack an Latno stuents enolle n the leel o ath

couse that quales the to atcate. dsates n

takng the Englsh exa ae less stak, wth 69% o black

stuents an 75% o Latnos atcatng, coae to

79% o whte an 88% o Asan stuents.

n Aong hgh school junos who take the EAp exas, black

an Latno stuents ae substantall less lkel to be oun

ea o college (Fgue 5).

Scored Ready or College in English, 2010 Scored Ready or College in Math, 2010 Scored Ready - Conditional in Math, 2010

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60%

Cental Coast

San Fancsco Ba

Oange Count

ino-mono

San dego/ieal

Sacaento-Tahoe

Sueo Calona

Noth Coast

Ue Sacaento valle

montee Ba

Los Angeles Count

inlan Ee



Statewide


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Figure 4

Enrollment in College Preparatory Courses by Race/Ethnicity


0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%

Asan/pacc islane

Whte

Hsanc o Latno

Black

Share o 8th Graders taking Algebra, 2009-10

Enrollment in Chemistry/Physics as a Share o 11th-12th Grade Enrollment, 2008-09

Enrollment in Advanced Math Courses as a Share o 11th-12th Grade Enrollment, 2008-09

Share o High School Graduates Completing A-G, 2008-09

65%65%

61%55%

59%43%

41%

57%

52%

34%

34%

34%

19%

17%

26%

27%

Figure 3

8th Grade Profciency on the Caliornia Standards Tests


0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Asan/pacc islane

Whte

Hsanc o Latno

Black

Share o 8th Graders scoring at or above profcient on CST or Language Arts, 2010

Share o 8th Graders scoring at or above profcient on CST or Mathmatics, 2010

74%66%

71%53%

40%30%

25%40%


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Perormance Trends

n The shae o 8th gaes scong at o aboe the ocent

leel n ath ncease oe the last seeal eas, o 28%

n 2004 to 40% n 2010. Stuents o all acal/ethnc gous

oe the eoance (Fgue 6), but substantal

sates ean between whte an Asan stuents on the

one han an black an Latno stuents on the othe.

n math ocenc oe n all egons o the state, wthnceases o teen ecentage onts o oe n the South

San Joaqun valle, the San dego/ieal egon, an Los

Angeles Count.

n The shae o Calona 8th gaes ocent n language ats

ncease b 20 ecentage onts, o 33% n 2004 to 53%

n 2010 (Fgue 7). The ate o ocenc ouble o black

an Latno stuents, but a substantal sat wth whte an

Asan stuents eans. Language ats ocenc ncease

substantall n all egons o the state.

n The shae o Calona 8th gaes takng algeba has ncease

substantall, o 38% n 2003-04 to 58% n 2009-10 (Fgue

8). An ncease occue o all acal/ethnc gous an n all

egons. patculal lage nceases o about 25 ecentage

onts wee seen n the ual aeas o the Noth Coast, ino-

mono, an Sueo Calona, an n the Noth San Joaqun

valle, the San Fancsco Ba, an Oange Count.

n Enollent n aance ath couses as a shae o hgh

school junos an senos was about 29% statewe o 2009-

10 coae to 27% n 2003-04, a sall ncease ossbl

elate to the ncease n 8th gaes takng algeba. Thee

was also a sall ncease n enollent n chest an

hscs as a shae o junos an senos, o 38% n 2003-

04 to 41% n 2009-10.

n The shae o hgh school gauates coletng the a-g

cuculu has eane al fat at 35% (Fgue 9). Thee

wee slght nceases wthn acal/ethnc gous, but the

oeall ate has not ncease because o the gowng shae o

gauates that s Latno (wth a lowe ate o coletng a-g).

The changes ae acoss egons, wth a nube o egons

actuall showng eclnes: the Noth Coast, Sueo Calona,

the Ue Sacaento valle, the Noth San Joaqun valle,

an Sacaento-Tahoe. The shae o gauates coletng a-g

ncease o between one an e ecentage onts n the

othe egons.

n moe hgh school junos ae atcatng n the Eal

Assessent poga. Between 2006 an 2010, the shae o

junos takng the Englsh exa ose o 67% to 80% anthe shae takng the ath exa ncease o 29% to 38%.

The shae eetng college eaness stanas n Englsh

ncease o 15% n 2006 to 21% n 2010 (Fgue 10),

nceasng aong all acal/ethnc gous an all egons.

The share determined to be ready for college math

(nclung ea-contonal) ose onl slghtl o

55% to 57%, although the nceases wee soewhat

lage aong non-whte stuents (Fgue 11).

Figure 5

Share o Tested 11th Graders Demonstrating Readiness or College on Early Assessment Program (EAP) Exams

Souce: Autho calculatons base on ata o the Cal ona deatent o Eucaton

Scored Ready or College in English, 2010 Scored Ready or College in Math, 2010 Scored Ready - Conditional in Math, 2010

100%

80%

60%

40%

20%

0%

Asan/pacc islane Whte Hsanc o Latno Black

34%29%

46%

32% 32%

17%

48%

10% 10%6% 4%

36%


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Figure 6

Trends in Math Profciency o 8th Graders

Figure 7

Trends in Language Arts Profciency o 8th Graders



100%

80%

60%

40%

20%

0%

40%41%47% 50%50%

53%58% 62%

66%

37%33%

28%25%22%26% 30%

18%21%15% 12%

PercentatoraboveProfcient

Asan/pacc islane Whte Hsanc o Latno Black All 8th Gaes

100%

80%

60%

40%

20%

0%

50% 51%

18%25%

31%

40% 40% 41%33%

45%53%

19%27%

32%

59%62% 63%

71%66%

74%

PercentatoraboveProfcient

Asan/pacc islane Whte Hsanc o Latno Black All 8th Gaes

2004 2006 2008 2010

2004 2006 2008 2010


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Figure 8

Trend in Percent o 8th Graders Taking Algebra

Figure 9

Trend in High School Graduates Completing A-G Courses



2003-04 2005-06 2007-08 2009-10

2003 2005 2007 2009

100%

90%

80%

70%

60%

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%

Pe

rcentEnrolledinAlgebra

Asan/paccislane

Whte Hsanc oLatno

Black All 8thGaes

50%

40%35%

32%

44%47% 47%

52% 51%

38%

49%45%

48%

57% 58%53%

59%58%63% 65%

100%

90%

80%

70%

60%

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%

PercentCompletingA-G

Asan/paccislane

Whte Hsanc oLatno

Black All Gauates

52%54% 55% 55%

39% 39%41% 41%

21% 24% 24%25% 25%26% 26% 27%

33% 35% 35% 35%


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most o the NCHEmS easues o aoablt ae o 2008

an ecee the wost acts o the nancal css. As o

2008, the states oeall eoance was aeage an efects

goo eoance on soe easues an oo eoance

on othes. relate to othe states, Calona eos bette

on easues o aoablt that o not account o the cost

o lng. in atcula, low ncoe ales nee a salleshae o the ncoe to coe the cost o tuton an ees at

a count college an the state has oe a ecte

towas low ncoe ales. Calonas eoance s

wose on easues o aoablt that nclue the cost o

oo an boa. Wth oo an boa nclue, attenng

the states ate ou-ea colleges an ublc two-ea

colleges s oe exense than n ost othe states whle

the cost o attenance at a ublc ou-ea college s aeage.

Snce 2008, howee, the econoc css has seeel

eoe Calonas hghe eucaton bugets. To ake

u o the lost eenue, tuton has ncease n all theesegents an ost aatcall n the CSU an UC, whle

al ncoe has stagnate. Whle othe states hae

seen sla tens, attenng college n Calona a be

less aoable elate to othe states toa than t was n

2008 gen the states hghe uneloent an slowe

econoc ecoe. Concens about aoablt hae

cetanl ncease, as 57% o aents wth chlen 18 o

ounge ae e woe about beng able to ao college,

coae to 43% who elt that wa thee eas ago. 21

Key Findings

data ae not aalable o state souces to calculate

aoablt easues b egon o b ace/ethnct.Stuent ee leels wthn each segent o hghe eucaton

ae the sae acoss the state,22 whle aeage househol

ncoe an cost o lng a both b egon an b ace/

ethnct. Aoablt calculatons sla to those use b

NCHEmS woul eque ata to ajust o stuent nancal

a b egon an ace/ethnct. instea o ong

atonal etal b egon an ace/ethnct, we look at

how the aoablt tens a be eent acoss the

segents an o eent gous o stuents because o

the states nancal a olces.

n The Cal Gant oga s stuctue to otect elgblestuents o the act o sng tuton. Because the

sze o the Cal Gant nceases to coe tuton nceases,

those UC an CSU stuents who ecee tuton

assstance though Cal Gants hae not been aesel

aecte b ecent tuton nceases. Fnancall nee

count college stuents hae been hel haless

o ee nceases as well because the ees ae wae

une the Boa o Goenos Fee Wae oga.

rsng tuton has ost cetanl nshe aoablt,

howee, o stuents who o not qual o Cal Gant

tuton a because the o not eet ncoe, acaec,o othe equeents (e.g., unocuente gants,

age/te out o hgh school).

n Aoablt has eclne sgncantl o stuents who

el on the access oton o Cal Gants ntene o

non-tuton costs lke housng, textbooks, tansotaton,

an othe lng exenses. The xe $1,551 access awa

has not ket ace wth sng college costs. Table 2 shows

that the non-tuton oton o college costs s substantal

n all segents, et these costs ae not well aesse b

the Cal Gant oga.

n Fnancall nee UC stuents (as etene b

eeal a entons) hae lkel weathee the sng

costs o hghe eucaton bette than stuents n the

othe segents. UC has an nsttutonal a oga

that contbutes towa unet nee eanng ate

eeal, state, an ate a ae ale. its Blue an

Gol Ootunt poga coes tuton an ees o

stuents o ales wth ncoes o u to $80,000

How is Caliornia Perorming?Aordability

Aordability: Average

+ Calonas ooest ales a the lowest shaeo the ncoe o tuton at the lowest-ce

college.

+ State gant a tagete to low-ncoe ales as

a shae o pell gant a was hghe than n ost

states. The state anke 14th on ths easue.

The state anke 26th on the ecent o al

ncoe to a o ublc 4-ea college (nclung

oo an boa).

The state anke below ost states n the shaeo al ncoe neee to a o ate ou-

ea an ublc two-ea college (nclung

oo an boa).


15/44


16/44


Figure 12

Share o Students Eligible or Competitive Cal Grant Who Received a Grant

How is Caliornia Perorming?Aordability

Souce: Calona Stuent A Cosson, Facts at Your Fingertips: Competitive Cal Grant Program eots o 2001-02 though 2010-11

(ong assstance to those who ont qual o

tuton gants une Cal Gant) an eas othe

eucatonal exenses o soe stuents. in aton, the

oga coes tuton increases o stuents wth al

ncoes u to $120,000.

n insttutonal a ogas at UC an CSU hae been

nceasng the nube an sze o the awas n ecent eas,

as the ae une n at o nceasng tuton eenues.

n Count college stuents hae lkel been the

ost etentall aecte b sng costs o college

attenance. Thee s no nsttutonal a oga

(beon ee waes) n the count colleges lke

thee s o UC an CSU to suleent Cal Gantsan pell Gants. Futheoe, CCC stuents ae oe

eenent on the coette Cal Gants because

elgblt o the enttleent gants s lte to ecent

hgh school gauates, an uch geate ootons o

CCC stuents ae o non-tatonal college age. Fgue

12 shows how the xe nube ocompetitive Cal Gants

has accounte o shal nshng shaes o elgble

stuents eceng such gants.

Perormance Trends

Whle ost states hae ncease tuton/ees substantall

n ecent eas, Calonas nceases hae exceee thenatonal aeage ate o ncease (Table 3).

The aeage total tuton an ees a b esent

unegauate stuents at UC an CSU ncease

substantall oe the last ecae. Tuton/ees ncease

o $3,859 n 2001-02 to $11,279 n 2010-11 at UC, an wll

ncease to $13,218 n 2011-12. At CSU, the ncease o

$1,876 to $5,285, wth a scheule ncease to $6,422 n

2011-12. The natonal aeage o tuton n ublc ou-ea

nsttutons was $7,605 n 2010-11.

The enollent ee at the CCC ncease o $11 e untn 2001-02 to $18 e unt n 2003-04, an ncease agan

to $26 e unt n 2004-05. The ee was euce back to $20

e unt n 2006-07, then ase back to $26 e unt n 2009-

10. deste a scheule ncease to $36 e unt n 2011-12,

ees n the count colleges woul ean the lowest n

the naton, an woul be less than hal (40%) the cuent

natonal aeage.

CCC CSU UC

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11


17/44


University Community College

YearUC1 CSU2

National Avg forPublic 4-yr

CCC3National Avg for

Public 2-yr

2001-02 $3,859 $1,876 $3,766 $330 $1,608

2002-03 $4,017 $2,005 $4,098 $330 $1,674

2003-04 $5,530 $2,572 $4,645 $540 $1,909

2004-05 $6,312 $2,916 $5,126 $780 $2,079

2005-06 $6,802 $3,164 $5,492 $780 $2,182

2006-07 $6,852 $3,199 $5,804 $600 $2,266

2007-08 $7,517 $3,521 $6,191 $600 $2,294

2008-09 $8,027 $3,849 $6,591 $600 $2,372

2009-10 $9,311 $4,893 $7,050 $780 $2,558

2010-11 $11,279 $5,285 $7,605 $780 $2,713

2011-12 $13,218 $6,422 NA $1,080 NA

Total incease 242% 243% 102% 227% 69%

Aeage Annual incease 13.4% 13.5% 8.1% 15.3% 6.0%

1 Includes the systemwide tuition and the average campus-based ees (excluding health insurance ees which can be waived)

2 Includes the systemwide tuition or more than 6 units and the average campus-based ees

3 Represents the total ee or a ull-time load o 30 units

Table 3Average Annual Tuition/Fees or Resident Undergraduate Students

UC CSU CCC

Exenses Exclung Tuton/Fees (o-caus housng) $16,578 $16,578 $16,578

2010-11 Tuton/Fees $11,279 $5,285 $780

Total $27,857 $21,863 $17,358

Non-Tuton/Fees Shae o Total Cost 60% 76% 96%

Table 2

Non-Tuition/Fees as a Share o Total Cost o Attendance at a Public College or University in Caliornia

Souce: data o UC, CSU, an CCC gathee o the Calona postsecona Eucaton Cosson, Resident Undergraduate Fees in Actual

Dollars, at htt://www.cec.ca.go/Fscaldata/FeesOtons.as. Fgues o the natonal aeage wee obtane o The College Boas

Trends in College Pricing eots (htt://www.collegeboa.co/htl/costs/cng/)

Souce: Calona Stuent A Cosson, Proposed 2010-11 Student Budget, an Calona postsecona Eucaton Cosson, Resident

Undergraduate Fees in Actual Dollars


18/44


Table 4

College Participation Rates by Region

As wth aoablt, the NCHEmS easues o atcaton

ae o 2008 an 2009, beoe the wost act o

the ecesson on hghe eucaton. Accong to those

easues, atcaton ates n Calona ae bette than

n ost states. The state anks 6th n the ecent o 18-24

ea ols enolle n college an a lage shae o stuents

enoll n college wthn one ea o gauatng hgh school.

Howee, Calona anks towas the le o states n

the nube o st-te ostsecona enollents as

a shae o the nube o 9th gaes ou eas eale.

The sceanc between 9th gaes chance o college

an the hgh atcaton ate o oung aults s lkel

exlane b Calonas lowe hgh school gauaton ate.

The atcaton ate aong wokng-age ault stuents

s also hghe than n othe states, although the low ees at

count colleges lkel encouage oe enollent o

aults o esonal nteest athe than usut o ceentals

o othe wokoce-elate uoses than s the case n

othe states. it s lkel, howee, that Calonas oston on

atcaton ates has eclne because the buget cuts

hae nshe the states hghe eucaton caact.


n The ecent o 18- to 24-ea-ols enolle n college aes

substantall acoss egons (Table 4). The ate s oe 50%

n the Cental Coast, the Ue Sacaento valle, an

Oange Count,28 but s less than 30% n the South San

Joaqun valle an the ino-mono egon.

n The ecent o aults age 25 an ole enolle n college

aes less acoss egons, angng o thee to sx ecent.

Wthn the egons, howee, the atcaton ates o ths

RegionPercent of 18-24

Year-Olds Enrolled inCollege

Percent of Adults Ages25+ Enrolled

in College

Cental Coast 56% 4.7%

Ue Sacaentovalle

54% 5.6%

Oange Count 52% 5.7%

San Fancsco Ba 49% 5.7%

Sacaento-Tahoe 48% 6.2%

montee Ba 45% 5.3%

San dego/ieal 44% 6.1%

Los Angeles Count 43% 5.5%

Noth Coast 41% 4.5%

inlan Ee 36% 5.4%

Noth San Joaqun

valle35% 4.9%

Sueo Calona 34% 4.6%

South San Joaqun

valle27% 4.4%

ino-mono 22% 3.4%

Souce: Autho calculatons base on ata o the Census

Bueaus 2009 Aecan Count Sue (ACS), excet as

sece n ennote 28.

How is Caliornia Perorming?Participation

Participation: Better than Most States

+ Calona has hgh leels o atcaton aongtatonal age college stuents coae to

othe states.

+ The state anks 5th n the shae o ole stuents

enolle elate to the oulaton o wokng

aults wthout a bachelos egee.

The state anks 25th n the nube o st-te

ostsecona stuents as a ecentage o 9th

gaes enolle ou eas eale.

age gou ae lowe n countes whee esents lack eas

access to a count college, wth ates o less than thee

ecent n Aao, Colusa, maosa, mooc, mono, Sea,

an Tuolune Countes.

n The atcaton ates n Table 4 ae aecte b the locaton

o unestes, esecall o the Ue Sacaento valle

egon. Fo the oung ault oulaton, the atcaton

ate aong countes othe than Butte Count s onl 17% to

31%, but the locaton o CSU Chco an ts 16,000 stuents n

Butte Count ases the oeall ate o the egon to 54%.

n The college-gong ate ectl o hgh school aes

o a low o 40% n the montee Ba an ino-mono to

a hgh o 70% n the Cental Coast (Fgue 13). A 9th gaen the ino-mono egon has a 26% chance o enollng n

college wthn ou eas, whle the chance s 56% o 9th

gaes n the Cental Coast.


19/44


Key Issues in Participation

States budget problems are reducing college access

declnes n atcaton ae lkel elate to buget

cuts n hghe eucaton athe than lowe nteest n

attenng college. Accong to ecent olls, Calonanscontnue to lace a hgh alue on college, an ae een

oe lkel than eole natonwe to sa college s e

otant o acheng econoc success.29 Geneall,

college enollent nceases ung a ecesson, esecall

n count colleges, as hgh uneloent akes

college attenance oe attacte than enteng the

wokoce an eole enoll to e-tan o ugae the

sklls to be oe aketable to eloes.30 Howee,

buget-elate enollent cuts, along wth tuton

nceases, hae ae college attenance oe cult. UC

has tghtene assons equeents to soe causes

an ncease asson o out-o-state stuents, who ae

chage thee tes the tuton o state esents. moe

Calona stuents ae beng ene asson to the

eee nsttuton an eecte to lowe-ean

causes o lace on watng lsts. CSU s esgnatng

an nceasng nube o ogas an causes as

acte an nceasng assons ctea, wth soe

CSU-elgble stuents beng let wthout access to een

the local CSU. The CCC ae oen access nsttutons,

an achee enollent euctons al b eucng

couse oengs; the oee 38,000 ewe couse sectons

n 2009-10 than n the eous ea.

State leaders need to be more strategic about

rationing access to postsecondary education

Wth buget constants ltng access to ublc hghe

eucaton, the states leaes shoul ensue that ths

atonng s one n a wa that s best algne wth state

goals. Fo the count colleges, on whch the state

eles to ensue boa access, ths onts to the nee to

otect the thee coe ssons -- basc sklls (eeal),

tanse, an caee techncal eucaton. A outh aea

enollent n couses o esonal nteest ust be a

lowe ot n toas constane scal enonentan wth the ugent nee to ncease eucaton leels.

pootng le-long leanng s a aluable sece to local

countes, but wth college access beng atone

b the shnkng aalablt o classes, we shoul not

exect (ehas not allow) the colleges to enoll well

eucate aults n hghl-subsze couses when those

subses coul be use to suot those stuents who

seek a college ceental o wokoce-elate tanng.

Count colleges can esee the statue as aluable

count esouces b ong access to lelong

leanng though extenson echanss.

CCC should reconceive its access mission around

programs, not coursesThe count colleges oe a we aa o ogas,

et oe lte suot to hel stuents choose

o aong what can be an oewhelng nube

o otons.31 The colleges geneall o not oganze

the nstuctonal oengs aoun a coheent set o

ogas wth a sequence o classes that stuents can

cleal access as the ogess though a oaa o

cetcate o egee equeents. The access sson

sees to be concee aoun accessng couses, athe

than accessng ogas. Class scheules ae tcall

base on hstocal attens o stuent ean, acult

aalablt, an elate class costs. Buget cuts ae oe

lkel to be aesse b cuttng low-enolle couses than

elnatng low-enolle o low-eong ogas. in

ost cases, stuents o not eclae ajos an colleges

o not tack stuent ogess wthn ogas. Asng

stuents s too oten base on what couses t the

scheules athe than what the nee to ulll oga

equeents. reconceng the access sson aoun

ogas, not just couses, coul hae teenous

aantages as stuents woul not sen te an one

on classes the ont nee o want an those classes

woul be aalable o stuents who o nee the.Colleges coul otze the class scheule aoun a set o

ogas an oe access o oe stuents.

Resources (see Appendix 4)

ppiC, Higher Education in Caliornia: New Goals or the

Master Plan

CSHE, Beyond the Master Plan: The Case or Restructuring

Baccalaureate Education in Caliornia

CCrC, Get with the Program: Accelerating Community

College Students Entry Into and Completion o Programs

o Study; The Shapeless River: Does a Lack o Structure

Inhibit Student Progress at Community Colleges?

LAO, The Master Plan at 50: Guaranteed Regional

Access Needed or State Universities; The 2011-12 Budget:

Prioritizing Course Enrollment at the Community Colleges


20/44



n Aong Asan hgh school gauates, 67% go ectl to

college, a ate substantall hghe than o othe acal/ethnc gous (Fgue 14).32

n The ect college-gong ates o black an Latno hgh

school gauates ae coaable to those o whte

gauates. But thee s a bg sat on the secon

easue shown n the gue - a substantall lowe

ecentage o black an Latno 9th gaes enoll n

college wthn ou eas, efectng lowe hgh school

gauaton ates aong these oulatons.

Perormance Trends

n The college-gong ate o hgh school gauates ncease

between 2003 an 2007, but eclne n 2009 (Fgue 15), a

atten seen aong all acal/ethnc gous. The eclne n

atcaton was geate o black stuents than o othe

gous, although that ght sl efect the salle

nube o black stuents n Calona coae to the othe

gous, whch nceases the olatlt o easung changes

oe te (note that the ncease n atcaton n the o

eas was also geate).33

n College-gong ates n 2003 efecte a context o ecesson-

elate buget cuts to ublc colleges an unestes

accoane b substantal nceases n stuent ees,

both o whch lkel eesse atcaton ates, so the

gans between 2003 an 2007 wee ostl just estong

ates to eale leels. The o n 2009 occue ung a

sla eo o ecesson-elate buget cuts an tuton/

ee nceases. Accong to the Calona postsecona

Eucaton Cosson, the 2009 college-gong ate was

lowe than at an te n the last 25 eas.34

n The change n college-gong ates ae acoss egons. The

ate ncease between 2003 an 2009 n seeal o the oe

ual egons whee college-gong was lowe, but those gans

wee oe than oset b fat o eclnng college-gong ates

n the oe oulate aeas o the state.

Souce: Autho calculatons base on ata o the Calona deatent o Eucaton an the Calona postsecona Eucaton Cosson

Figure 13

Direct College-Going Rates by Region

College Going Rate, 2009 9th Graders Enrolling in College within 4 Years, 2009

Cental Coast

Ue Sacaento valle

Oange Count

San Fancsco Ba

Los Angeles Count

Sacaento-Tahoe

Sueo Calona


San dego/ieal


inlan Ee

Noth Coast

ino-mono

montee Ba

Statewide

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80%

How is Caliornia Perorming?Participation


21/44


Figure 14

Direct College-Going Rates by Race/Ethnicity

Souce: Autho calculatons base on ata o the Calona deatent o Eucaton an the Calona postseconaEucaton Cosson

Souce: Autho calculatons base on ata o the Calona deatent o Eucaton an the Calona postseconaEucaton Cosson

College Going Rate, 2009

9th Graders Enrolling in College within 4 Years, 2009

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80%

Asan/pacc islane

Whte

Hsanc o Latno

Black

58%

67%

43%

35%

42%

25%

39%

22%

Figure 15

Trend in Direct College-Going Rate

0%

20%

30%

40%

50%

10%

60%

70%

80%

90%

Pe

rcentGoingDirectlytoCollege

Asan/pacc islane Whte Hsanc o Latno All StuentsBlack

2003 2005 2007 2009

67%

48% 48%51% 50% 49%46%

57% 58%

39 %43% 43% 43%

53% 53% 53%

42%

70%72%

76%


22/44


Calonas oeall coleton eoance s aeage. The

state anke atculal hgh on the gauaton ates o

ull-te, st-te stuents n two- an ou-ea colleges,

but anke low on easues o coleton that coae

the nube o egees/ceentals ouce to enollents.

multle actos coul exlan the sceanc between

the states ankngs on these two tes o easues. One

ossble exlanaton s that gauaton ates n Calona

ae coaatel hgh because the states ata sstes ae

able to tack enollents an gauaton acoss ultle

causes. Othe states not oganze nto sstes, o

wthout that caact to tack stuents at the sste leel,

cant count stuents as coletes the tanse to anothe

state school. Anothe exlanaton s that, whle ull-te

stuents colete at elatel hgh leels, the state has lagenubes o at-te stuents who ae less lkel to gauate,

ullng the ato o awas to enolle stuents own to leels

lowe than n othe states.

Thee s also a sceanc n the elatel hgh nube o

assocate egees awae e 100 hgh school gauates

thee eas eale an the elatel low nube o bachelos

egees awae e 100 hgh school gauates sx eas

eale. A ossble exlanaton o the hghe elate

eoance o the two ea colleges s that count

colleges see lage nubes o wokng aults whose

egees a to those eane b stuents enollng ectlo hgh school. Thee s no equalent at ou-ea

nsttutons, whch see oe tatonal college-age

stuents enteng ectl o hgh school.


n The nube o baccalaueate egees awae as a

shae o enollent n UC an CSU s hghest o stuents

o the Ue Sacaento valle (25.8) an lowest o

stuents o the inlan Ee (17.8) (Fgue 16).

n vaaton b egon n awang cetcates an egeesa be aecte b seeal actos othe than the

eoance o the colleges. The egee o ehass on

the tanse sson elate to caee eucaton coul

aect awa ates, snce stuents who tanse geneall

o so wthout eanng an assocate egee. Also, local job

akets a, wth soe hang oe nee o shote-

te cetcates than othes, whch a aect awa

ates. As one exale, the excetonall hgh awa ate

o count colleges n the Ue Sacaento valle

egon efects the awa o an shot-te cetcates

(less than one ea) n agcultual oucton an

otecte seces.

n Thee s no clea elatonsh between eoance on

the two easues: egons that ank elatel hgh on

awang bachelos egees ae not the sae as those

that ank hgh on awang assocate egees.


n The nube o BA egees awae e 100

unegauates enolle n UC an CSU s hghest o

whte stuents (24.9) an lowest o Latno stuents (16.8)

(Fgue 17).

n The nube o cetcates an egees awae b

count colleges e 100 unegauates enolle s

also hghest o whte stuents (10.5) an lowest o Latno

stuents (7.8).

How is Caliornia Perorming?Completion

Completion: Average

+ Calona has the 4th hghest etenton ate o stte eshen.

+ The gauaton ate o ull-te, st-te

stuents n ou- an two-ea colleges s bette

than n ost states.

+ The state anks 12th on the nube o assocate

egees awae e 100 HS gas thee eas

eale.

The state anke 26th n the tanston ate an

coleton ates o 9th gae to college.

The nube o egees/ceentals ouce e

100 unegauates s lowe than ost states.

The state anks 41st on the nube o bachelos

egees awae e 100 HS gas 6 eas eale.


23/44


Key Issues in Completion

Growing recognition o the need to increase

college completion; bold actions needed

The natonal ocus on college coleton has taken

hol n Calona. CSU has ntate an eot to ncease

the gauaton ate to be n the to quatle natonall

aong sla nsttutons. The CCC Boa o Goenos

has aonte a Stuent Success Task Foce to eelo

ecoenatons to ncease coleton an the

Count College League o Calona has set abtous

goals o oe cetcates an egees.35 Ths cotent

to nceasng coleton s otant, an ust be atche

b bol actons towa eo at the state, sste, an

college leels. An aoach that eles solel on shang best

actces o tng to scale u sall ogas s not gong to

aect enough stuents to oe the neele on coleton.

New transer degree should increase completion;

implementation is critical

The new assocate egees o tanse (Chate 428,

Statutes o 2010) shoul ncease the nube o assocate

egees awae b the CCC an bachelos egees

awae b the CSU, whch wll see oe an bette

eae tanse stuents. Whle the legslaton stes

o statewe consstenc n tanse equeents, t onl

authozes each o the 112 colleges to eelo a set o

egees o tanse, eanng that each college coul

eelo ts own eson o, o exale, an assocate

egee o tanse n Econocs. i that haene, the

goal to achee statewe attens to oote tel an

ecent tanse woul be thwate an the ncenteso stuents to ollow that tanse athwa woul be

euce. The CCC Acaec Senate s attetng to

eelo a sngle enton o each tanse egee

an encouage all colleges to use t, but sageeents

about the aount o secct n a el that best sees

stuents theaten to lea to egonal aatons - an

outcoe less lkel to axze egee coleton.

Need more emphasis on sub-baccalaureate credentials

Natonal eseach ns sgncant econoc benet o

cetan sub-baccalaueate ceentals,36 suggestng that

well-esgne CTE ogas coul contbute uchtowas bette outcoes o stuents an the econo.

yet the CTE sson o the CCC aeas to be an une-

alue at o the sste. Stuent nteest s hgh, wth

about 30% o couse enollents n ocatonal couses,

but e ew cetcates an ocatonal assocate egees

ae awae elate to enollents. The huge aet o

loosel-stuctue ogas an the lack o ecate

counselos to hel stuents ent CTE ogas o

nteest ake t ha o stuents to n the wa nto an

though caee ogas. The aablt acoss seengl

sla ogas n cet an ogaatc equeents

akes t ha o eloes to unestan the content an

alue o ceentals. Soe stuents an acult belee

these ceentals ae not alue b eloes, but

cetcates an egees wee esgne so as to sen clea

sgnals about the sklls an coetences o the stuents

who ean the, eloes woul lkel alue the,as s the case n othe states whee sub-baccalaueate

ceentals ae oe hghl alue an bette suote.

Measuring progress toward completion (milestones)

can help target changes in policy and practice

To aatcall ncease college coleton, the state an ts

nsttutons nee bette ata to gue changes n olc an

actce. data on stuent ogess n eetng nteeate

lestones on the athwa to college coleton can be

at o eots to hel olcakes unestan whethe

state goals ae beng et, an can oe ootuntes

o usng nance olces to ceate ncentes o stuentogess. Colleges can use ata on stuents enollent an

acaec attens, b ace/ethnct, to bette unestan

an obles eeale n stuent ogess an to ake

changes n olc an actce.

Credential quality needs attention given the

ixation on completions, but diicult to measure

polcakes an eucaton leaes ust kee ssues o

qualt at the oeont o the eot to oe college

coleton. The nteests o stuents an the state wll

be coose , n usut o nubes, we lose sght

o qualt. We nee high-qualitycetcates an egeesthat efect goous stanas an hae eal alue n the

aketlace. Whle t s cult to ene an easue

qualt, eos to hel oe stuents colete ust be

ae n the context o antanng stanas an qualt.

Wth lage nube o stuents enteng college uneae,

nnoate changes to eeloental eucaton an

oeents n K-12 college eaness eots ae ctcal to

nceasng coleton wthout saccng qualt.


iHELp, The Road Less Traveled; Advancing by Degrees;

Taking the Next Step: The Promise o Intermediate

Measures or Meeting Postsecondary Completion Goals;

Coleton b desgn, Completion by Design

Concept Paper

inana Cosson o Hghe Eucaton, Reaching Higherwith College Completion: Moving rom Access to Success


24/44


Figure 16

Certifcates and Degrees Awarded per 100 Undergraduates Enrolled by Region

25.8

24.7

23.3

23.1

22.9

22.8

22.1

21.9

21.9

20.2

19.4

18.9

18.4

17.8

8.0

0.0

10.3

8.3

8.2

8.5

7.5

6.0

7.0

8.9

8.8

7.8

8.4

8.4

17.8

UC/CSU, 2009 (by county where students graduated rom high school)

CCC, 2009 (by county where student attends community college)

Perormance Trends

n The nube o cetcates an egees awae e 100

stuents enolle n the count colleges eaneelatel stable between 2003 an 2009 (Fgue 18). it

ncease b a sall aount o whte, Asan an Latno

stuents, but not o black stuents.

n The nube o bachelos egees awae e 100

unegauates enolle n UC/CSU also eane al

How is Caliornia Perorming?Completion

Souce: Autho calculatons base on ata o the Calona postsecona Eucaton Cosson. Thee ae no count collegeslocate n the ino-mono egon.

Ue Sacaento valle

Cental Coast

Noth Coast

Sueo Calona

montee Ba

Oange Count

San Fancsco Ba

San dego/ieal

Sacaento-Tahoe

Los Angeles Count



ino-mono

inlan Ee

Statewide

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

stable. it ncease b a sall aount o whte an Asan

stuents but ecease slghtl o Latno stuents.

n Thee has been no consstent oeent n the acal/ethnc gas n coleton.

n degees awae e 100 unegauates enolle hae

fuctuate n ost egons, wth no egons hang a

consstent ncease o ecease between 2003 an 2009

acoss the count colleges an the unest sstes.

21.8


25/44


Figure 17

Certifcates and Degrees Awarded per 100 Undergraduates Enrolled by Race/ Ethnicity

UC/CSU, 2009

Community colleges, 2009

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Whte

Asan/pacc islane

Black

Hsanc o Latno

24.9

10.5

21.7

16.8

7.8

18.2

8.1

9.7

Figure 18

Trends in Number o Certifcates and Degrees Awarded per 100 Undergraduates Enrolled

Souce: Autho calculatons base on ata o the Calona postsecona Eucaton Cosson

Souce: Autho calculatons base on ata o the Calona postsecona Eucaton Cosson

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Certiicates/Degreesper100Enrolled

CCC CCC CCC CCC CCCUC/CSU UC/CSU UC/CSU UC/CSU UC/CSU

Whte Asan/pacc

islane

Hsanc o

Latno

Black All Stuents

9.5

22

.4

8.3

6.7

19

.2

17

.7

8.2 8.2

20

.5

17

.1

10

.3

23

.6

8.6

7.1

21

.2

18

.6

8.1 8.5

22

.0

16

.9

10

.7

10

.5

23

.424

.9

9.29

.7

7.68.1

20

.721

.7

17

.7

16

.8

7.97.8 8

.9

8.0

21

.421

.8

16

.918

.2

2003 2005 2007 2009


26/44


Hghe eucaton leels ae assocate wth boa econoc

an cc benets nclung hghe eanngs, lowe ates o

ncaceaton an use o socal ogas, an hghe ates

o otng, olunteeng, an akng chatable onatons.37

Oeall, Calona has aeage benets elate to hghe

eucaton. The shae o the wokng-age oulaton wth a

bachelos egee s hghe than n an states but the stateeos less well on ths easue o ounge cohots; the

state anks 15th n the ecentage o the oulaton age

45-64 wth a bachelos egee but sls to 20th aong

25-34 ea ols an 21st aong 35-44 ea ols.

The econoc benets assocate wth hghe eucaton

ae geate n Calona than the cc benets. The state

anks 7th n e cata esonal ncoe an the eanngs

aantages o hang an assocate o bachelos egee

coae to a hgh school loa ae geate than n an

othe state. in contast, the state anks 23 n the shae o

tezes that eclae chatable gts an Calonans ae

less lkel to ote than those n 41 othe states.


n Eucatonal attanent leels a acoss the state. Fot-

thee ecent o aults between the ages o 25 an 64n the San Fancsco Ba aea hae at least a bachelos

egee, oe than thee tes the shae o aults wth

that leel o eucaton n the South San Joaqun valle

(Fgue 19).38

n Geneall, the coastal an uban aeas o the state

hae hghe eucatonal attanent leels than those

oun n the ual an cental egons. Ths s lkel

ue to seeal actos nclung geate access to the

nueous colleges an unestes locate n those

aeas an the nees o local job akets, as the ubanan coastal egons ae hoe to oe o the states

hgh-skll nustes.

n pe cata ncoe closel tacks eucatonal attanent

leels. regons wth oe college-eucate nuals

hae hghe ncoe leels.


n Aong Calona aults ages 25 an oe, 47% o

Asans an 39% o whtes hae at least a bachelos

egee. The gues o black an Latno aults ae 21%an 10%, esectel (Fgue 20).39

n deences n eucaton leels ae hghl coelate

wth eences n e cata ncoe acoss acal/

ethnc oulatons.40 Black an Latno e cata

ncoe s a below that o whtes an Asans.

Perormance Trends

n The shae o the wokng-age oulaton (ages 25-64)

wth a bachelos egee o hghe has eane al

stable oe the last seeal eas at aoun 30% (Fgue 21).

n The substantal sates n eucatonal attanent

acoss acal/ethnc oulatons hae not nshe

(Fgue 21).

n Eucatonal attanent leels hae eane al

stable n all egons oe the last seeal eas, so the

sates acoss egons ean unchange.

How is Caliornia Perorming?Beneits

Benefts: Average

+ in Calona, assocate an bachelos egeeholes ean the hghest wage eu oe hgh

school gauates.

+ The state has the seenth hghest e cata

esonal ncoe.

+ The state anke 15th n the ecentage o the

oulaton age 45-64 wth a bachelos egee.

The state anke 20th an 21st n the ecent

o the oulaton age 25-34 an age 35-44,

esectel, wth a bachelos egee.

The state anks 42n n the shae o the elgble

oulaton otng.


27/44


Key Issues in Benefts

State still lacks goals and str ategic thinking to

guide its higher education enterprise

deste gowng awaeness o weak lannng an

coonaton n Calona an the exales set

b othe states, Calona lacks a stategc lan, o

what soe states call a ublc agena, o hghe

eucaton that sets goals acoss all sectos o college

atcaton an egee coleton an outlnes

the eans to achee the goals. Such lannng woul

allow Calona lawakes to ent aoate

olces an nestents an to set u an eecte

accountablt ocess o ontong ogess

towa acheeent o the goals. The states that ae

leang the wa wth new aoaches n an eot

to ncease coleton an gane the benets oncease eucatonal attanent o state econoc

an socal health, ae ong so une the guance o

such stategc thnkng an lannng. Goals to euce

the cuent sates n college success an egee

coleton acoss the ajo acal/ethnc gous n

the state wll be an otant at o an stategc lan

o Calona. rathe than oe to establsh eecte

coonaton, the Goeno elnate the exstng

coonatng agenc, whch has not oe the

neee coonaton an lannng. A new cosson

ae u o busness an cc leaes - calle Calona

Coetes - has been oe to t to ll the o o

leaesh oe Calona hghe eucaton.41

Urgent need to improve Latino educational

attainment

in aton to the eteent o the hghl-eucate

bab boo geneaton, Calonas eclne n the shae

o college eucate aults acoss the geneatons s ue

to the lowe eucaton leels o the ast-gowng Latno

oulaton. The shae o Latnos wth a bachelos egee

has ncease o 7% to 10% snce 1990, an s ojecte

to be onl 12% n 2020.42 Whle college attanent

s nceasng, the Latno oulaton s ojecte to

ean the acal/ethnc gou wth the lowest shae

o college-eucate aults n Calona. As the shae o

the wokng-age oulaton that s Latno contnues to

ncease, the lowe college attanent leels becoe

oe ctcal to the states oeall eucaton leel an the

coetteness o ts wokoce. Latnos gew o 22%

o the wokng-age oulaton n 1990 to 34% cuentl,

an ae ojecte to gow to 50% b 2040.43

Are the public beneits o higher education in

jeopardy?

When conseng both the econoc an cc benets

o hghe eucaton, t sees aoate to queston

whethe the extent to whch Calonans ecognze aublc, o cc, benet o hghe eucaton. Changng

scal ccustances hae le ost states to eexane

the balance o ublc an ate benets an ethe

ece o atonalze that snce stuents gan nancall

o a college eucaton the shoul a oe o t.

These contons hae also ut a eu on exanng

eucatonal outcoes o the esecte o wokoce

nees. most stuents toa ente college al

to aance the caee ootuntes.44 Eloes

locate whee well-tane an eucate wokes ae

ost abunant. Colleges an unestes extol the

contbutons to the states wokoce. Lawakes exectnsttutons to oe hgh-qualt ogas that algn wth

wokoce nees. Facult an othes who oce objectons

to the aketzaton o acaea ae ssse b soe

as eanng o a bgone ea. But Calona ns the

eans to engage oe thoughtull n stategc thnkng

about hghe eucaton, t woul be otant that those

scussons aess exectatons about cc health as well

as econoc health. As the state becoes oe ese

an oe eoccue wth scal sual o ales an

nsttutons the otental o ts colleges an unestes

to oe benets to those beon ts classoos shoulnot be gnoe.


iHELp, Divided We Fail; Technical Difculties

NCppHE, Good Policy, Good Practice II: Improving

Outcomes and Reducing Costs in Higher Education: A

Guide or Policymakers

LAO, The Master Plan at 50: Greater than the Sum o Its

Parts Coordinating Higher Education in Caliornia

ppiC, Caliornias Future Workorce: Will there be Enough

College Graduates?

Tennessee Hghe Eucaton Cosson, The Public

Agenda or Tennessee Higher Education 2010-2015

illnos Boa o Hghe Eucaton, The Illinois Public

Agenda or College and Career Success


28/44


Figure 19

Educational Attainment and Per Capita Income by Region

Souce: Autho calculatons base on ata o Census Bueau, Aecan Count Sue 2009, Table B15002 (o eucatonalattanent) an Tables B19313 an B03002 (o e cata ncoe), excet as note n ennote 38

Percent o Population Aged 25 to 64 with a Bachelors Degree or Higher, 2009

Per Capita Income, 2009

SanFrancscoBay

OrangeCounty

Sandego/iperal

CentralCoast

LosAngelesCounty

Sacraento-Tahoe

montereyBay

inyo-mono

NorthCoast

UpperSacraentovalley

inlanEpre

SuperorCalforna

NorthSanJoaqunvalley

SouthSanJoaqunvalley

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

50% $40,000

$35,000

$30,000

$25,000

$20,000

$15,000

$10,000

$5,000

$0

43%

36%

35%

32%

30%

30%

27%

25%

22%

20%

19%

19%

18%

13%

How is Caliornia Perorming?Beneits


29/44


Figure 20

Educational Attainment and Per Capita Income by Race/Ethnicity

Figure 21

Trends in Educational Attainment

Souce: Autho calculatons base on ata o Census Bueau, Aecan Count Sue 2009, Table B15002 (o eucatonalattanent) an Tables B19313 an B03002 (o e cata ncoe)

Souce: Autho calculatons base on ata o Census Bueau, Aecan Count Sue

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

50% $45,000

$40,000

$35,000

$30,000

$25,000

$20,000

$15,000

$10,000

$5,000

$0

Percent o Population Aged 25 and over with a Bachelors Degree or Higher, 2009Per Capita Income, 2009

Asan/pacc

islane

Whte Hsanc o

Latno

Black

47%

39%

21%

10%

39%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

50%

PopulationAges25+withBachelorsorHigher

37%

21%

31%

9%

38%

22%

31%

10%

38%

21%

21%

31%

31%

10%

10%

Asan/pacfc

islander

Whte Total

(for ages 25-64)

Hsanc or

Latno

Black

2003 2005 2007 2009

47%

47%

46%

45%


30/44


Base on ata o 2008, the aount o state an local

tax eenues that Calona aoates e ull-te

equalent stuent (FTES) anks the state a lttle aboe the

ean on ths easue. Howee, low tuton, atculal

n the count colleges, laces the s tate secon o

the botto n totaleenues e FTES. The nance easue

on whch the state eos best s state an local suot

e cata a easue that efects the lage sze o the

ublc ostsecona secto n Calona coae to

othe states whee ate nsttutons ae oe ealent.

The sceanc between Calonas hgh ankng on

suot per capita an ts low ankng on suot per FTES

tells us that the state suots a lage shae o ts eole

than ost states but oes so at a oe oeate leel o

How is Caliornia Perorming?Finance

Figure 22

Funding or Higher Education, 2010

Souce: State Hghe Eucaton Execute Oces, State Higher Education Finance FY 2010. Ths ata souce uses uch hghe enollentcounts (FTES) than eote n ipEdS ata, accountng o lowe e-FTES unng leels o all states, but not aectng the alt onte-state coasons.

Finance: Average

+ Calona anks 10th n state an local suot ohghe eucaton e cata.

The state anke 22n on the olla aount o

state an local suot e FTES.

The state anke 24th on state an local

aoatons as a ecentage o state an local

tax eenues.

The state anks at the botto n total eenues

e ull-te equalent stuent.

unng e ull-te stuent. An as s tate aboe, the low

total unng e stuent s exlane n lage at b the

e low tuton collecte elate to othe states.

The state anks nea the ean on two easues o the

ehass the state laces on hghe eucaton. The state

anks 19th on the shae o esonal ncoe sent on

hghe eucaton o ee $1000 o esonal ncoe n

the state, the state sens $9 ollas on hghe eucaton.

O the state an local tax eenues, as well as lotte

eenues, Calona sens a lttle oe than 7% on

hghe eucaton. The shae o eenues sent on hghe

eucaton s hghe n Calona than n 26 othe states.

data o souces othe than NCHEmS ncate that

Calonas eoance n nance has not oe snce2008. State an local aoatons o hghe eucaton

aounte to $5,941 e FTES n 2010, soewhat below the

natonal aeage o $6,451 (Fgue 22) an own o $7,177

n 2008.45 Coounng the below-aeage aoatons,

Calona collects conseabl lowe aounts o tuton

eenue e stuent than the natonal aeage, ankng

50th aong the states n the tuton/ees chage o

enollent n a count college.46 due to the ecent

ajo nceases n tuton at UC an CSU, Calona now

anks 25th n the tuton an ees chage o attenng

ublc 4-ea nsttutons, u o 38th thee eas ago but

stll below the natonal aeage. Total eenues geneate

o tuton an ees e FTES n Calona wee $1,777

n 2010, less than hal the natonal aeage o $4,321. The

cobnaton o state aoatons an ee eenues

$10,775

$7,718

$4,321

$1,777

$6,451$5,941

$12,000

$10,000

$8,000

$6,000

$4,000

$2,000

$0

S tat e A o a t ons e FT ES Fe e re enu e e FT ES S tat e Fu n ng an Fee reenu ee FTES

Caliornia

National Average


31/44


Key Issues in Finance

Budget cuts threaten Caliornias uture prosperity

Calonas cuent buget obles ae a ectng all

onts n the eucaton elne. pe-ul senng n

K-12 ecease b 5% o $8,235 n 2007-08, beoethe ecesson, to $7,820 n 2010-11, wth oe cuts lkel

n the 2011-12 buget.47 Stee nceases n tuton ae

egang at least the eceton o aoablt o

hghe eucaton n the state, an hgh uneloent,

stagnant al ncoe an otental cuts n soe

nancal a ogas ake ths eceton a ealt o

nceasng nubes o stuents. Cuts to college bugets

(n eal tes) euce access an leae the colleges

wthout aequate esouces to oe stuents wth

the suot neee to colete a college cetcate o

egee. These ccustances coul eess eucatonal

attanent at the sae te that Calona nees bggans n the nube o eole wth college ceentals.

Cutalng nestents n the states utue wokoce an

tax base s exteel counteoucte.

Better iscal data and more reined policy

attention are needed

The stana aoach that lawakes take to

scal ecson-akng o hghe eucaton s not

well sute to toas challenges. Tcall, unng

ecsons ae ae ea-to-ea, eenng on what

s aalable an wth lttle coonaton acoss the

thee sstes. dscussons n the legslatue ocus onwhethe the state can ao to ncease o ecease

the annual allocatons, un ojecte enollents,

an coe cost-o-lng nceases. Fa less te s sent

atculatng what outcoes the state wants o

hghe eucaton as a whole an how t can best use

aalable uns to accolsh those ens. Lawakes

o not ask o o ecee the kns o ata the woul

nee to answe questons lke how the nsttutons

sen the uns, what shae o eucatonal costs s

an shoul be bone b stuents, what s the elate

cost o eucatng stuents n each sste an oaous kns o egees, an what sstec changes

ght lea to geate ouctt. data ae aalable

though a natonal oject that can hel lawakes

ene the scal lannng o hghe eucaton.48

New inance policies could increase productivity

The states unng oulas o ts colleges an

unestes ceate ncentes o enollng stuents but

oe no scal ncentes o stuent success, as the

stbute uns base on enollent eal n the te

(e.g., 3 week o CCC, 4th week o CSU). Ate that ont,

colleges hae no scal ncente to oe the necessa

attenton an suot seces to eent stuents

o ong o alng classes, takng classes that onot hel the ogess towa a egee, o ong

out altogethe. The weakness nheent n ths aoach

s o nceasng concen as oe an oe enteng

stuents ae uneeae to succee n college an

eque uch oe than access to classes n oe to

be successul. Acoss the count, states ae ecng

that the can no longe ao to nest n enollent

esecte o success an an ae ajustng the

unng oulas to bul n soe ncentes o stuent

ogess an coleton n addition to the ncentes

to enoll stuents. States ae eelong a aet o

aoaches o count colleges an unestes

that nclue osons, such as ultles, to ensue

that nsttutons ae not scouage b the new unng

aoaches o seng une-eae stuents.

States ae nceasngl lookng to eoance unng

because o ts otental to algn esouces wth success

goals, theeb axzng the act o nceasngl

scace uns. B ewang outcoes n the unng

oula, states ceate ncentes o nsttutons to aot

goo actces that oote stuent success an to

n nnoate was to see stuents at a lowe cost.

pong colleges an unestes wth fexblt n howthe use the uns s anothe asect o nance olc

that esees attenton. Categocal ogas an a

lethoa o ules, egulatons, an eotng equeents,

esecall n the CCC, ntouce constants that can

aen the oucte use o esouces.


iHELp, Perormance Incentives to Improve Community

College Completion: Learning rom Washington

States Student Achievement Initiative; ConcernsAbout Perormance Funding and Ways that States are

Addressing the Concerns

LAO, The Master Plan at 50: Connecting Financing with

Statewide Goals or Higher Education

delta Cost poject, Trends in College Spending, 1998-2008


32/44


Figure 23

Trends in Higher Education Funding per FTES (in 2010 dollars)

Souce: State Hghe Eucaton Execute Oces (SHEEO), State Higher Education Finance eots o 2005 - 2010. Fgues o 2003 an 2004

wee obtane o the NCHEmS inoaton Cente o State Hghe Eucaton polcakng an Analss (base on ata o SHEEO).

Fgues ajuste o nfaton usng the Calona Cpi-U nex o the Calona deatent o inustal relatons.

$10,000

$8,000

$6,000

$4,000

$2,000

$0

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

$7,509

$889 $1,225 $1,395

$1,532 $1,546

$7,068 $6,540 $7,420 $7,601

2008 2009 2010

$1,412 $1,584$1,777

$7,207 $6,869 $5,941

Fee Revenue per FTES State Appropriations per FTES

How is Caliornia Perorming?

Finance

Perormance Trends

n Ate ajustng o nfaton, total unng e FTES o

hghe eucaton was about 8% lowe n 2010 than n2003 (Fgue 23). Coae to 2007, 2010 total unng

was neal 16% lowe, aountng to a loss o oe than

$1,400 e FTES.

n State an local aoatons hae been eclnng snce

2007 ate ajustng o nfaton. inceases n net ee

eenue (ate ajustng o state nancal a an ee

waes) hae not ae u o cuts n aoatons,

leang to the ecease n total unng.

esults n total unng e FTES that s substantall below

the natonal aeage. Cobne eenues n Calona o

$7,718 e FTES ae $3,000 below the natonal aeage o

$10,775, an ae the lowest aong the 50 states, owno $8,583 an 49th lace n 2008. in Calona, 23% o

total unng e FTES s geneate though stuent ees,

whle the natonal aeage s 40%.


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Summary and Conclusions

The ata esente o not ant a ett ctue. The

Calona that an lke to thnk o as a leae n hghe

eucaton s aeage at best an tenng n the wong

ecton. Ths toublesoe eoance s not olack o cotent an eot b acult an sta at

Calonas colleges an unestes. rathe, t elects lack

o coonate attenton b the states olc leaesh.

Calona s lng oo that leang nsttutons can

coexst wthn stugglng state sstes o hghe

eucaton. it s also lng oo that the absence o son

an o oacte policy leaesh can euce nestents

n, an etuns o, hghe eucaton an nsh

osects o an ente state.

peoance, as ocuente n ths eot, s ostl

aeage wth esect to othe states an s eclnng nan ke easues nclung college-gong ates an

alang ten n ew o the nee o oe Calonans

to ean college ceentals. Futheoe, the ostl

aeage eoance asks sgncant eoance gas

acoss egons an acal/ethnc gous that ae ostl

not ong.

A host o olc ssues ae e to aess as ente

n each o the sx sectons o ths eot. Soe o

these wll eque a e-oeng o state otes

(an accoanng nestents) as an nuson o

esouces s neee to oe oe aoable access

to ostsecona eucaton. But a eew o the Ke

issues ages eeals a nube o tes whee sgncant

ogess coul be ae wthout ajo nancal

nestents. Wth son, coonaton, olc leaesh,

oltcal wll, an an unelentng ocus on stuent success,

we coul see sol oeents n K-16 cuculu

algnent, caee athwa stuctues, count college

ee olc, an ata collecton an use, to cte a ew

exales.

Two oeng conclusons ae nescaable o the ata

we esent an the ssues that awat attenton.

n Calonas utue oset ests on ts ablt to

aatcall oe outcoes o those oulatons

an egons that seousl lag the est o the state.

peoance gas ae well ocuente hee an hae

been ocuente b othes, but ae not lkel to be

Category Current Performance 7-year Trend

peaaton Wose than ost states

A oablt Aeage

patcaton Bette than ost states

Coleton Aeage

Benets Aeage

Fnance Aeage

close untl the becoe a oe sble state ot

wth a oe ublct an accountablt o ensungequtable ootuntes o access to colleges an

unestes that ae eque o an cotte to

stuent success.

n mechanss to eelo a son acoss all segents o

ostsecona eucaton an to eelo the olces

to achee the son ust be oun. The Goenos

ecent acton to elnate the Calona postsecona

Eucaton Cosson (CpEC) was an acknowlegeent

that eecte coonaton has been lackng. But hang

nothng take ts lace s a ste n the wong ecton.Othe states ae takng a oe oacte an ntentonal

stes to oe ostsecona eoance, such as

jonng Complete College America, bulng ntegate

ata sstes, eelong stategc lans, changng

the ncentes n the nance olces, an aotng

statewe accountablt lans that seak to tal state

goals. Such stes eque a leel o coonaton that

we o not hae. Calona ust egan the uoseul

aoach to hghe eucaton that t oele oe t

eas ago wth the maste plan o Hghe Eucaton.

Tes ae nee tough o hghe eucaton acoss

the count. But ths eot shows that othe states ae

nng was to out-eo Calona. Calona a

hae oe challenges than an states, but t also has

oe esouces an oe otental than an an a

taton o geat success on whch to aw. Calona

ust, an can, o bette.


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Appendix 1

Methods or Calculating CaliorniasPerormance Relative to Other States

1. Collected data on p erormance measures

Fo each nex, we ente easues sla to those

use n Measuring Up. most o the easues cae o the

Natonal Cente o Hghe Eucaton manageent Sstes

inoaton Cente o Hghe Eucaton polcakng an

Analss.49 Howee, we uate the ata on eghth gae

eoance on the Natonal Assessent o Eucatonal

pogess (NAEp) usng ata o the Natonal Cente o

Eucaton Statstcs.50

2. Ranking Caliornia relative to other states

Fo each easue we ente the scoe o the hghest

eong state, the scoe at the 75th ecentle (.e., hghe

than 75% o the othe states), the ean scoe, the 25th

ecentle scoe (.e., hghe than 25% o the othe states),

an the lowest scoe. These e onts wee use to lace

Calona nto the coesonng categoes o aong the

best states, bette than ost states, aeage, wose than

ost states, an aong the wost states (see Fgue A1).

Fo exale Calonas scoe on a easue was close to

bette than ost than to aong the best o aeage,

Calonas eoance was anke as bette than ost.

Base on the eoance catego, the state was then

assgne a scoe angng o one to e wth e beng

the best eoance.

3. Calculating the index score

Fo ost eoance aeas, the states scoe on each

easue was weghte usng weghts sla to those use

n the 2008 Measuring Up eot, whch wee etene

b exstng eseach ocuentng the sgncance o

these aables as a easue o catego eoance. 51

in cases whee ata wee not aalable o each o the

sub-ensons o the eoance catego, the weghtswee estbute ootonatel acoss the aalable

easues. Slal, n cases whee we use atonal

easues we eallocate the weghts accongl. The

Measuring Up eots not assgn a gae o hghe

eucaton nance but we . Thee wee e easues o

nance that we goue nto two categoes, e stuent

unng easues an easues o the state ehass on

unng hghe eucaton. Each o these categoes was

gen equal weght. The weghts ae shown n Table A1.

Figure A1

Range of StatesScores

CorrespondingPerformance

CategoryRank Score

Highest Score Among the Best 5

75th Percentile Better than Most 4

Median Average 3

25th Percentile Worst than Most 2

Lowest Score Among the Worst 1

The weghte scoes wee sue to o an nex scoe

angng o 1 to 5. Ths scoe was then use to assgn the

state to a eoance catego o the oeall nex.

4. Example: Scoring the participation category

Table A2 shows Calonas eoance on the oueasues o the atcaton aea. in Calona, the

nube o st-te eshen was 44% o the nube o

9th gaes ou eas eale. The eoance o all 50

states ange o 26% to 60% an Calonas eoance

was closest to the ean (44%), gng t a eoance

ankng o aeage an a ank scoe o 3. The weght o ths

easue was aoxatel .22, eanng that ths easue

accounte o 22% o the total nex scoe. multlng

Calonas anks scoe o 3 b the weght ges a weghte

scoe o .67. The su o all o the weghte scoes o ths

eoance aea s 3.8 whch tanslates nto bette than

aeage eoance o the nex oeall.


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Table A1

Weights or Perormance Measures

Measure Weight

Preparation

High School Completion (47.2%)

Public high school graduation rate (2008) .472

K-12 Student Achievement (52.8% )

Number o AP scores at 3 or above per 1,000 juniors/seniors (2007)

High ACT/SAT scores per 1,000 HS grads (2007; high = 25+/1780+)

Percent o 8th graders at or above profcient on NAEP - MATH (2009)

Percent o 8th graders at or above profcient on NAEP - READING (2009)

Percent o 8th graders at or above profcient on NAEP - WRITING (2007)

Percent o 8th graders at or above profcient on NAEP - SCIENCE (2009)

.165

.165

.050

.050

.050

.050

Affordability

Family ability to pay (f irst-time, full-time undergraduates) (50% )

Percent o amily income to pay or private 4-year college (2008) (lowest)

Percent o amily income to pay or public 4-year college (2008) (lowest)

Percent o amily income to pay or public 2-year college (2008) (lowest)

.260

.180

.060

Strategies for affordability (40 %)

State grant aid targeted to low-income amilies as share o Pell grant aid (2008) (highest)

Share o income poorest amilies pay or tuition at lowest priced college (2008) (lowest)

.200

.200

Reliance on loans (10%)

Average loan amount students borrow each year (2007) (lowest) .100

Participation

Young Adults ( 66.67%)

9th graders chance or college within 4 years (2008)

Percent o 18-24 year olds enrolled in college (2009)

Direct college-going rate (2008)

.222

.222

.222

Working-Age Adult (33.33%)

Enrollment o 25-49 year olds as share o 25-49 yr olds with no BA (2009) .330

Completion

Persistence (20%)Retention rate - frst time college reshmen returning second year (2008) .200

Completion (80%) NCHEMS includes several of these measures under Productivity rather than Completion

Graduation rate = 6-year or bachelors (2008)

BAs awarded per 100 undergraduates (2005)

Graduation rate = 3-year or associate (2008)

Ratio o degrees/credentials awarded per 100 students in 2-years (2005)

Pipeline - transition-completion rate rom 9th grade to college (2008)

AA awarded per 100 HS grads 3 years earlier (2007)

BAs awarded per 100 HS grads 6 years earlier (2007)

.114

.114

.114

.114

.114

.114

.114


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Appendix 1

Table A2

Example o Scoring Perormance Categories Participation

Measure Weight

Benefits

Educational Achievement (37.5%)

Percent o population age 25-34 with BA (2009)



.125

.125

.125

Economic Benefits (31.25%)

Dieren ce in Median Earnings Between a High School Diplo ma and an Associates Degree 25 to 64 Year Olds (2007)

Dierence in Median Earnings Between a High School Diploma and a Bachelors Degree 25 to 64 Year Olds (2007)

Per capita personal income (2007)

.104

.104

.104

Civic Benefits (31.25%)

Charitable Giving - Percent o Itemizers on Federal Tax Returns Declaring Charitable Gits (2005)

Percent o the Eligible Population Voting (2006)

.156

.156

Finance

Per student funding (50%)

State and local support per FTES (2008)

Total revenues (appropriations + tuition) per FTES (2008)

.250

.250

State higher education financing emphasis (50%)

State and local support or higher ed per capita( 2008)

State and local support or higher ed per $1000 o personal income (2008)Higher ed priority appropriations relative to state/local tax revenues (2005)

.167

.167.167

Table A1 (continued)

NCHEMS Measure (most recent year) CAFigure

Highest75th

PercentileMedian

25thPercentile

Lowest RankingRankScore

WeightWeighted

Rank Score

Young Adults (66.67%)

9th graders chance or college within 4

years (2008)44% 60% 48 % 44% 41% 26% Average 3.0 0.22 0.67

Percent o 18-24 year olds enrolle d in

college (2009)41% 53% 38% 35% 33% 19% Better 4.0 0.22 0.89

Direct college-going rate (2008) 65% 77% 67% 63% 59% 46% Better 4.0 0.22 0.89

Working-Age Adult (33.33%)

Enrollment o 25-49 year olds as share o

25-49 yr olds with no BA (2009)8% 10% 7% 6% 5% 4% Better 4.0 0.33 1.32

Index Rank Score 3.8

Index Ranking Better than Average


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Appendix 2

Region Counties in Region

North Coast Del Norte, Humboldt, Lake, Mendocino

Superior California Lassen, Modoc, Shasta, Siskiyou, Trinity

Upper Sacramento Valley Butte, Colusa, Glenn, Plumas, Sierra, Tehama

Sacramento-Tahoe Alpine, Amador, El Dorado, Nevada, Placer, Sacramento, Sutter, Yolo, Yuba

San Francisco Bay Alameda, Contra Costa, Marin, Napa, San Francisco, San Mateo, Santa Clara, Solano, Sonoma

Monterey Bay Monterey, San Benito, Santa Cruz

Nor th San Joaquin Valley Calaveras, Fresno, Madera, Mariposa, Merced, San Joaquin, Stanislaus, Tuolumne

South San Joaquin Valley Kern, Kings, Tulare

Inyo-Mono Inyo, Mono

Central Coast San Luis Obispo, Santa Barbara, Ventura

Los Angeles County Los Angeles

Orange County Orange

Inland Empire Riverside, San Bernardino

San Diego/Imperial Imperial, San Diego

List o Counties by Region


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Appendix 3

Methods or Calculating Measures byRegion and by Race/Ethnicity

Followng ae suaes o the calculatons ae o eacheasue, wth the calculatons one usng ata b count(aggegate nto egons) o b ace/ ethnct.

Preparation (all measures include only public school students)

1. Shae o 8th Gaes

Consequences of Neglect

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