Conscientious Cooperators: The Union College Medical Cadet Corps and the Seventh-day Adventist...
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Sabr ina R i ley, M ILSUn ion Co l lege L ib ra r y D i rec to r and A rc h i v i s t
& Ke l t i D i c ke r s o n , H i s to r y m a j o rU n i o n C o l l e g eHer i tage Room A s s i s t a n t
CONSCIENTIOUS COOPERATORS:
THE UNION COLLEGE MEDICAL CADET CORPS AND THE SEVENTH-DAY ADVENTIST
DENOMINATION'S UNIQUE RESPONSE TOCONSCRIPTION 1934-1971
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Conscientious Objection : Two philosophies:
Pacifism: All forms of violence or resistance are immoral, including legitimate warfare and refuse to serve in military. Church of the Brethren, Religious Society of Friends, Mennonites,
Jehovah’s Witnesses, Christadelphians
Noncombatant roles: Acknowledge that armed resistance is sometimes necessary but choose not to take life, accepting service roles in support of the community and/or military. Seventh-day Adventists, Community of Christ
ADVENTISTM’S UNIQUE RESPONSE
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Civil War (1863 draft law) – Newly formed Adventist church claimed noncombatancy status
World War I – Affirmed noncombatancy principals citing Civil War precendant
DENOMINATIONAL BACKGROUND
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Earthly governments ordained of God to secure order, justice, and tranquility
In exercise of legitimate functions, governments should receive loyal support of citizens (Romans 13)
Citizens should render tribute, custom, and honor to earthly governments (Matthew 22:21)
But in keeping with Adventist doctrine, members seek to Avoid secular labor on Sabbath (Fourth Commandment) Avoid taking life (Sixth Commandment) Engage in work of necessity and mercy, to relieve suffering (Matthew
12:11)
DECLARATION OF PRINCIPLES
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The war to end all wars
Isolationism was the prevalent attitude
Economy still struggling to recover from the Great Depression
Isolationism was particularly popular in the Middle West among rural and small-town populations, Republicans, and German-Americans.
SOCIAL CLIMATE 1930S
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Fi rst meet ing Januar y 8 , 1934
UNION COLLEGE MEDICAL CORPS
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47 th General Hospi ta l , Army Reser ve - 1936
COLLEGE OF MEDICAL EVANGELISTS
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Ar t i f ic ia l resusc i tat ion
1940 CENTRAL UNION SUMMER MCC
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Evere t t D ic k
Orason Br inke r Wa l te r C rawfo rd Joseph ine S tone
1940 CENTRAL UNION SUMMER MCC CAMP STAFF
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October 1940
LAKE UNION CAMP
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1942
GAS MASK DRILL
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Dressed up for an MCC banquet in 1941 .
BONITA COZAD AND GLENNDAVENPORT
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Grand march through Nevada, Iowa to end at the publ ic school ’s footbal l f ie ld .
OAK PARK ACADEMY 1941
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In 1941 Iowa governor, George A . Wi lson rev iewed cadets f rom camp held on the Oak Park Academy campus.
OAK PARK ACADEMY, NEVADA, IOWA
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February 1-21, 1942
MAPLEWOOD ACADEMY
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Consensus was the prevailing attitude
Booming and optimistic Economy
Population
Sense of American superiority
Underlying weaknesses Communist threat
Civil rights
Seventh-day Adventists seek to correct misconceptions
SOCIAL CLIMATE 1950S
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Beulah, Colorado
CAMP CARLYLE B. HAYNES
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March 20 or 22, 1951
MADISON COLLEGE
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Apr i l 1955
SOUTH-WESTERN JUNIOR COLLEGE
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Col . Wergeland, Car ly le Haynes, and Everett Dick wi th Desmond Doss
CAMP DESMOND T. DOSS
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Headquar ters meet ing June 1951
CAMP DOSS STAFF
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Grand Ledge, Michigan - Ju ly 1954
GRAND MARCH
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Camp Almansask , Canada –Washroom tent
AROUND THE WORLD
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Anatomy lesson under a t ree –August 1951
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC
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Everett Dick Inspects Hawai ian Cadets at Camp Erdman –Januar y 1953
HAWAIIAN MISSION
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Everett Dick Inst ructs Phi l ippine Cadets – May 1953
PHILIPPINE UNION COLLEGE
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1955 in S ingapore
SOUTHEAST ASIA MEDICAL CADET CORPS
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JAPAN MISSIONARY COLLEGEFEBRUARY 1953
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Apr i l 11 , 1957
LINCOLN CITY CIVIL DEFENSE DRILL
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Desmond Doss and Everett Dick at a Lake Union b ivouac.
WAININGDAYS
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LAKE UNION BIVOUAC
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Last Camp Doss – 1970
Union College – 1969-1970 last bulletin to list MCC courses
Changing social climate: Civil rights
War protests
The end of the draft
The Seventh-day Adventist denomination continues to advise that its members take noncombatant roles in the military, but leaves the decision up to the conscience of the individual.
THE END OF AN ERA
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To view these photographs and more, visit the Union College Heritage Collections at
http://cdm15913.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/
Exhibit in the Library: “Conscientious Cooperators”
Research is ongoingOrganizing the archives left by Everett Dick
Preparing a storyboard for documentary film (production uncertain)
Digitization of photographs and 16mm film
UNION COLLEGE HERITAGE COLLECTIONS
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Berg, Thomas. The Seventh-day Adventist Medical Cadet Corps, 1934-1945: Reconciling War, Conscience, and Noncombatancy. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska, 1990. [M.A. thesis].
Brock, Peter. Pacifism in the United States, from the colonial era to the First World War . Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1968.
General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists. Office of Archives, Statistics, and Research. http://www.adventistarchives.org/
Medical Cadet Corps Collection (000016). Ella Johnson Crandall Memorial Library Heritage Room, Union College, Lincoln, NE.
Schwarz, R. W. Light Bearers to the Remnant . Boise: Pacific Press, 1979.
Wilcox, Francis McLellan. Seventh-day Adventists in Time of War. Washington, DC: Review & Herald, 1936.
SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY