Conorhynchos conirostris (Valenciennes, 1840)

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The Conorhynchos conundrum: investigating the phylogenetic position of

an enigmatic neotropical catfish

(Siluriformes, incertae sedis). Flávio A. Bockmann

Mário C. C. de Pinna

John G. Lundberg

Carl J. Ferraris Jr.

(FAB) Laboratório de Ictiologia de Ribeirão Preto, Dept. Biologia, FFCLRP - Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, 14040-901, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil(MCCP) Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Nazaré 481, São Paulo, SP, 04263-000, Brazil(JGL) Department of Ichthyology, Academy of Natural Sciences, 1900 Benjamin Franklin Parkway, Philadelphia, PA, 19103, USA(CJF) 2944 NE Couch Street, Portland, OR, 97232, USA

Conorhynchos conirostris (Valenciennes, 1840)

São Francisco River

Paraguassu River

Conorhynchos glaber Steindachner, 1877

São Francisco River

Paraguassu River

Porto Seguro (Buranhaém River)

Pimelodidae: Bergiaria platana

Autopalatine articulation

Conorhynchos conirostris

Pimelodidae: Pimelodus ornatus

• Fotos de vagabundagem

Auchenoglanididae: Auchenoglanis occidentalis

Claroteidae:Chrysichthys sp.

Ariidae: Arius seemanniPangasiidae: Pangasius sp.

Conorhynchos conirostris

Conorhynchos conirostris

1) Presence of an accessory supraneural.

Doradidae: Platydoras sp.

Auchenipteridae: Pseudauchenipterus nodosus

Auchenipteridae:

Ageneiosus sp.

Doradidae: Oxydoras sp.

1) Presence of an accessory supraneural.

Conorhynchos conirostris

2) Presence of an epioccipital process.

2) Presence of an epioccipital process.

Doradidae: Doras sp.

3) Presence of a single and large foramen for the exit of the glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves.

Conorhynchos conirostris Doradidae: Oxydoras sp.

4) Presence of the Müllerian ramus.

Conorhynchos conirostris Doradidae: Oxydoras sp.

5) Transformator process of tripus abruptly mesially-oriented.

Conorhynchos conirostris Doradidae: Doras sp.

6) Nuchal plate 3 laterally expanded.

Conorhynchos conirostris Doradidae: Doras sp.

7) Mesocoracoid vestigial or absent.

Conorhynchos conirostris

Autapomorphies for Conorhynchos.

1) Parasphenoid and pterosphenoid largely separated from each other.

Autapomorphies for Conorhynchos.

2) Deep fossa for dilatator operculi muscle.

Autapomorphies for Conorhynchos.

3) Presence of the pharyngobranchial 2.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

-National Science Foundation – “All Catfish Species Inventory” Project (NSF DEB 0315963 ).

- CNPq;

- FAPESP;

- Aléssio Datovo and Alexandre C. Ribeiro for helping with the images.