1. 1. CONNS CURRENT THERAPY 2014
2. 2. CONNS CURRENT THERAPY 2014 EDWARD T. BOPE, MD Chief of Primary Care Columbus VA Assistant Dean for VA Medical Students and Clinical Professor, Family Medicine The Ohio State University Faculty, Riverside Family Practice Residency Program Riverside Methodist Hospital Columbus, Ohio RICK D. KELLERMAN, MD Professor and Chair Department of Family and Community Medicine University of Kansas School of MedicineWichita Wichita, Kansas Latest Approved Methods of Treatment for the Practicing Physician
3. 3. 1600 John F. Kennedy Blvd. Ste 1800 Philadelphia, PA 19103-2899 CONNS CURRENT THERAPY 2014 ISBN: 978-1-4557-0296-1 ISSN: 8755-8823 Copyright 2014, 2013, 2012, 2011, 2010, 2009, 2008 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Section 11: Cushings Syndrome is in the Public Domain. Section 11: Pheochromocytoma is in the Public Domain. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Details on how to seek permission, further information about the Publishers permissions policies and our arrangements with organizations such as the Copyright Clearance Center and the Copyright Licensing Agency, can be found at our website: www.elsevier.com/permissions. This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher (other than as may be noted herein). Notices Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treatment may become necessary. Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein. In using such information or methods they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of others, including parties for whom they have a professional responsibility. With respect to any drug or pharmaceutical products identified, readers are advised to check the most current information provided (i) on procedures featured or (ii) by the manufacturer of each product to be administered, to verify the recommended dose or formula, the method and duration of administration, and contraindications. It is the responsibility of practitioners, relying on their own experience and knowledge of their patients, to make diagnoses, to determine dosages and the best treatment for each individual patient, and to take all appropriate safety precautions. To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the authors, contributors, or editors, assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas contained in the material herein. International Standard Book Number: 978-1-4557-0296-1 Senior Content Strategist: Suzanne Toppy Senior Content Development Specialist: Joan Ryan Publishing Services Manager: Pat Joiner Project Manager: Lisa A. P. Bushey Designer: Steven Stave Printed in The United States of America Last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
4. 4. Contributors Stoney Abercrombie, MD AnMed Health Family Medicine Center, Anderson, South Carolina Antepartum Care Jeremy S. Abramson, MD Assistant Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Director, Lymphoma Program, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts Hodgkin Lymphoma Rodney D. Adam, MD Departments of Medicine and Microbiology and Immunology, University of Arizona College of Medicine; Division of Infectious Diseases, Arizona Health Sciences Center, Tuscon, Arizona Giardiasis Horacio E. Adrogue, MD Associate Professor of Medicine, Division of Renal Disease and Hypertension, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Medical School; Medical Director, Kidney and Pancreas Transplant, Memorial Hermann Hospital, Texas Medical Center, Houston, Texas Hypertension Lee Akst, MD Assistant Professor, Department of Otolaryngology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland Hoarseness and Laryngitis Brian K. Albertson, MD University Physicians Group, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania Osteomyelitis Madson Q. Almeida, MD Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Program on Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland Cushings Syndrome Deverick J. Anderson, MD Chair, Antimicrobial Stewardship and Evaluation Team and Associate Professor of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina Rickettsial and Ehrlichial Infections (Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever and Typhus) Kelley P. Anderson, MD Clinical Adjunct Professor of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health; Department of Cardiology, Marshfield Clinic, Marshfield, Wisconsin Heart Block Emmanuel Andre`s, MD, PhD Service de Medecine Interne, Diabe`te et Maladies Metaboliques, Clinique Medicale B, Hopital Civil-Hopitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France Pernicious Anemia and Other Megaloblastic Anemias Gregory M. Anstead, MD Associate Professor of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio School of Medicine; Director, Immunosuppression and Infectious Diseases Clinics, South Texas Veterans Healthcare System, San Antonio, Texas Coccidioidomycosis Juliet Aylward, MD Clinical Associate Professor, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health; Staff Physician, University of Wisconsin Hospitals and Clinics and Meriter Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin Premalignant Lesions Cecilio Azar, MD Associate in Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon Bleeding Esophageal Varices Masoud Azodi, MD Associate Professor, Division of Gynecology/Oncology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut Cancer of the Endometrium Nandalal Bagchi, MD, PhD Professor Emeritus, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan Thyroiditis Justin Bailey, MD Clinical Instructor, Department of Family Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; Family Medicine Residency of Idaho, Boise, Idaho Gaseousness, Indigestion, Nausea, and Vomiting
5. 5. Federico Balague, MD Professeur Titulaire, Rheumatology, Medical School, Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland; Adjunct Associated Professor, Orthopedics, New York University, New York, New York; Medecin Chef Adj Service de Rhumatologie, HFR-Hopital, Cantonal Fribourg, Switzerland Spine Pain Ashok Balasubramanyam, MD Professor of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas Diabetes Insipidus Arna Banerjee, MD Assistant Professor of Anesthesiology and Surgery, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care and Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee Delirium Kurt T. Barnhart, MD Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Associate Chief, Penn Fertility Care; Director, Womens Health Clinical Research Center; and Assistant Dean, Clinical Research Operations, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Ectopic Pregnancy Gina M. Basello, DO Assistant Clinical Professor, Family and Social Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York; Program Director, Family Medicine Residency Program and Associate Director, Palliative Care Fellowship Program, Jamaica Hospital Medical Center, Jamaica, New York Fever Julie M. Baughn, MD Senior Associate Consultant, Pediatric Sleep Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota Pediatric Sleep Disorders Sheryl Beard, MD Clinical Assistant Professor, University of Kansas School of Medicine; Senior Associate Program Director, Via Christi Family Medicine Residency, Wichita, Kansas Rhinitis Ronen Ben-Ami, MD Infectious Disease Unit, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel Cat Scratch Disease David I. Bernstein, MD Professor of Medicine and Environmental Health, Division of Immunology, Allergy, and Rheumatology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis John P. Bilezikian, MD Professor, Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons; Attending Physician, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York Hyperparathyroidism and Hypoparathyroidism Stephen Boateng, DO Department of Internal Medicine, University of Chicago NorthShore Programs, Evanston, Illinois Acute Myocardial Infarction; Tachycardias Diana Bolotin, MD, PhD Section of Dermatology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois Cancer of the Skin Zuleika L. Bonilla-Martinez, MD Wound Healing Fellow, Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida Venous Ulcers Rachel A. Bonnema, MD, MS Assistant Professor of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska Contraception David Borenstein, MD Clinical Professor of Medicine, The George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia Spine Pain Patrick Borgen, MD Chief, Breast Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan- Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York Breast Disease Laurence A. Boxer, MD Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Disease, University of Michigan C. S. Mott Childrens Hospital, Ann Arbor, Michigan Neutropenia Krystene I. Boyle, MD Clinical Instructor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine; Clinical Fellow, Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio Menopause Sylvia L. Brice, MD Associate Professor of Dermatology, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado Viral Diseases of the Skin Patricia D. Brown, MD Associate Professor of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Wayne State University School of Medicine; Chief of Medicine, Detroit Receiving Hospital, Detroit, Michigan Pyelonephritis Patrick Brown, MD Associate Professor of Oncology and Pediatrics, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Director, Pediatric Leukemia Program, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland Acute Leukemia in Children Richard B. Brown, MD Professor of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Senior Clinician, Baystate Medical Center, Springfield, Massachusetts Toxic Shock Syndrome Susan C. Brunsell, MD Executive Medicine Service, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, Maryland Uterine Leiomyomas Contributors vi
6. 6. Peter Buckley, MD Dean, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia Schizophrenia Irina Burd, MD, PhD Instructor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine; Staff, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Menopause Guenevere V. Burke, MD Department of Emergency Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia Amebiasis Samantha F. Butts, MD Assistant Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Ectopic Pregnancy Diego Cadavid, MD Consultant in Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts Relapsing Fever Thomas Caraccio, PharmD Associate Professor of Emergency Medicine, Stony Brook University Medical Center School of Medicine, Stony Brook, New York; Assistant Professor of Pharmacology and Toxicology, New York College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, New York Medical Toxicology Enrique V. Carbajal, MD Associate Clinical Professor of Medicine, University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California; Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Central California Health Care System, Fresno, California Premature Beats Peter J. Carek, MD, MS Professor and Chair, Department of Community Health and Family Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida Osteoporosis Petros E. Carvounis, MD Director, Vitreoretinal Fellowship Program and Associate Professor, Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas Uvetitis Donald O. Castell, MD Professor of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease William E. Cayley, Jr., MD, MDiv Professor, University of Wisconsin Department of Family Medicine, Eau Claire Family Medicine Residency, Eau Claire, Wisconsin Chest Pain Alvaro Cervera, MD University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; National Stroke Research Institute, Heidelberg Heights, Victoria, Australia Ischemic Cerebrovascular Disease Toby C. Chai, MD Professor of Surgery, Division of Urology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland Urinary Incontinence Lawrence Chan, MD Professor of Medicine, Rutherford Chair, and Division Chief, Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Baylor College of Medicine; Chief, Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, St. Lukes Episcopal Hospital, Houston, Texas Hyperaldosteronism; Hyperlipidemia Miriam Chan BSc Pharm, PharmD Clinical Assistant Professor of Family Medicine, College of Medicine and Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio; Clinical Assistant Professor of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University College of Pharmacy, Columbus, Ohio; Program Director of Research and EBM Education, Medical Education, Riverside Methodist Hospital, Columbus, Ohio Herbal Products; New Drugs Philip Cherven, MD Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Kansas School of MedicineWichita; Pediatrics Faculty, Via Christi Family Medicine Residency, Wichita, Kansas Encopresis Shingo Chihara, MD Assistant Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois Cough Meera Chitlur, MD Associate Professor of Pediatrics and Director, Hemophilia Treatment Center and Hemostasis Program, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Childrens Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, Michigan Hemophilia and Related Conditions Saima Chohan, MD Arizona Arthritis and Rheumatology Associates, Mesa, Arizona Gout and Hyperuricemia Peter E. Clark, MD Associate Professor of Urologic Surgery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee Malignant Tumors of the Urogenital Tract Matthew Cline, MD AHEC Professor of Family Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina Antepartum Care Keith K. Colburn, MD Professor of Medicine and Chief of Rheumatology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California Bursitis, Tendinitis, Myofascial Pain, and Fibromyalgia Gary C. Coleman, DDS, MS Associate Professor, Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas Diseases of the Mouth Contributors vii
7. 7. John M. Conly, MD Professor of Medicine, Microbiology, and Infectious Diseases, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Carlo Contini, MD Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy Toxoplasmosis Patricia A. Cornett, MD Associate Chair for Education, Medicine, University of CaliforniaSan Francisco; Chief, Hematology/Oncology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center San Francisco, San Francisco, California Nonimmune Hemolytic Anemia John F. Coyle II, MD Clinical Professor, Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma College of MedicineTulsa, Tulsa, Oklahoma Disturbances due to Heat Richard W. Crummer, MD Clinical Assistant Professor and Director, Family Medicine Inpatient Service, State University of New YorkDownstate, Brooklyn, New York Tinnitus Burke A. Cunha, MD Professor of Medicine, Stony Brook University Medical Center School of Medicine, Stony Brook, New York; Chief, Infectious Disease Division, WinthropUniversity Hospital, Mineola, New York Bacterial Infections of the Urinary Tract in Women; Viral and Mycoplasmal Pneumonias Gabriel P. Currie, MD Resident Physician, Department of Dermatology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin Erythema Multiforme; Stevens-Johnson Syndrome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis Amy E. Curry, MD Assistant Professor, Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Kansas School of MedicineWichita; Associate Director, Via Christi Family Medicine Residency, Wichita, Kansas Pelvic Inflammatory Disease Arif Dalvi, MD, MBA Director, Parkinsons Disease and Movement Disorders Program, NorthShore University HealthSystems, Glenview, Illinois Alzheimers Disease; Parkinsonism Beth A. Damitz, MD Associate Professor, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin Immunization Practices F. William Danby, MD Adjunct Assistant Professor of Surgery (Dermatology), Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire Pruritus Ani and Vulvae Andre Dascal, MD Associate Professor, Departments of Medicine, Microbiology, and Immunology, McGill University Faculty of Medicine; Senior Infectious Disease Physician, Sir Mortimer B. DavisJewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada Acute Infectious Diarrhea Natalie C. Dattilo, MD Assistant Professor of Clinical Psychology in Clinical Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana Anxiety Disorders Raul Davaro, MD Associate Professor of Clinical Medicine, University of Massachusetts, Worcester, Massachusetts Smallpox Susan Davids, MD, MPH Associate Professor of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin; Associate Program Director, Internal Medicine Residency, Clement J. Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin Acute Bronchitis Susan A. Davidson, MD Associate Professor, University of ColoradoDenver School of Medicine; Chief, Gynecologic Oncology, University of Colorado Hospital, Aurora, Colorado Vulvar Neoplasia Melinda V. Davis-Malesevich, MD Resident, Bobby R. Alford Department of OtolaryngologyHead & Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas Obstructive Sleep Apnea David de Berker, MRCP Consultant Dermatologist and Honorary Clinical Senior Lecturer, Bristol Dermatology Centre, Bristol, United Kingdom Diseases of the Nails Alec DeCastro, MD Assistant Professor, Department of Family Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina Osteoporosis Prakash C. Deedwania, MD Professor of Medicine, University of CaliforniaSan Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California; Chief, Cardiology Section, Veterans Affairs Central California Health Care System, Fresno, California Premature Beats Phyllis A. Dennery, MD Professor of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine; Werner and Gertrude Henle Chair and Chief, Division of Neonatology, Childrens Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Hemolytic Disease of the Fetus and Newborn Richard D. deShazo, MD, MS Professor of Medicine and Pediatrics and Billy S. Guyton Distinguished Professor, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi Pneumoconiosis: Asbestosis and Silicosis Contributors viii
8. 8. Clio Dessinioti, MD, MSc Attending Dermatologist, Andreas Sygros Hospital, Athens, Greece Parasitic Diseases of the Skin Deeksha Dewan, MD Fellow in Infectious Disease, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma Plague Edward Dick, MD, MPH Medical Director, Family Physician in Private Practice, San Antonio, Texas Travel Medicine Gretchen Dickson, MD, MBA Assistant Professor, Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Kansas School of MedicineWichita; Program Director, Wesley Family Medicine Residency, Wichita, Kansas Otitis Media Douglas DiOrio, MD Adjunct Clinical Professor, The Ohio State University College of Medicine; Fellowship Director, Riverside Sports Medicine, Riverside Methodist Hospital, Columbus, Ohio Common Sports Injuries Sofia Dobrin, MD Attending Physician, Department of Neurology, NorthShore University HealthSystem; Clinician Educator, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois Seizures and Epilepsy in Adolescents and Adults Geoffrey A. Donnan, MD Department of Neurology, University of Melbourne Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry, and Health Sciences; Florey Neuroscience Institutes, Carlton South, Victoria, Australia Ischemic Cerebrovascular Disease Craig L. Donnelly, MD Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire; Chief, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder John Dorsch, MD Associate Professor, Family and Community Medicine, University of Kansas School of MedicineWichita, Wichita, Kansas Red Eye Douglas A. Drevets, MD Professor and Chief, Section of Infectious Diseases, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center; Staff Physician, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma Plague Peter R. Duggan, MD Associate Clinical Professor of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada Polycythemia Vera Maurice Duggins, MD Clinical Associate Professor, Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Kansas School of MedicineWichita; Associate Program Director, Via Christi Family Medicine Residency, Wichita, Kansas Erectile Dysfunction Kim Eagle, MD Albion Walter Hewlett Professor of Internal Medicine, Chief of Clinical Cardiology, and Director, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan Angina Pectoris Genevieve L. Egnatios, MD Department of Dermatology, Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, Pennsylvania Contact Dermatitis Sean P. Elliott, MD, MS Vice Chairman of Department of Urology, Associate Professor of Urology, and Director of Urologic Reconstruction, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, Minnesota Trauma to the Genitourinary Tract Dirk M. Elston, MD Director, Ackerman Academy of Dermatopathology, New York, New York Diseases of the Hair John M. Embil, MD Professor of Internal Medicine (Section of Infectious Diseases) and Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada Blastomycosis Scott K. Epstein, MD Dean for Educational Affairs and Professor of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts Acute Respiratory Failure Patricia Evans, MD Residency Program Director, Department of Family Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia Uterine Leiomyomas Andrew M. Evens, DO, MSc Professor of Medicine and Chief, Division of Hematology/ Oncology, Tufts University School of Medicine; Director, Lymphoma Program, and Leader, Clinical Sciences Program, Tufts Cancer Center, Boston Massachusetts Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Dorianne Feldman, MD Assistant Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland Rehabilitation of the Stroke Patient Barri Fessler, MD Associate Professor of Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama Polymyalgia Rheumatica and Giant Cell Arteritis Terry D. Fife, MD Associate Professor of Neurology, University of Arizona; Director, Balance Disorders and Otoneurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona Menie`res Disease Contributors ix
9. 9. David Finley, MD Surgeon, Thoracic Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering, New York, New York Pleural Effusions and Empyema Thoracis Robert S. Fisher, MD Professor of Medicine, Gastroenterology Section and Digestive Disease Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Irritable Bowel Syndrome William E. Fisher, MD Professor of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas Acute and Chronic Pancreatitis Raja Flores, MD Professor and Chief, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, New York Pleural Effusions and Empyema Thoracis Brian J. Flynn, MD Associate Professor of Urology, University of ColoradoDenver School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado Urethral Strictures Jennifer Frank, MD ThedaCare PhysiciansNeenah West, Neenah, Wisconsin Syphilis; Vaginal Bleeding Late in Pregnancy Robert S. Freelove, MD Clinical Associate Professor, Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Kansas School of MedicineWichita, Wichita, Kansas; Program Director, Smoky Hill Family Medicine Residency, Salina, Kansas Nongonococcal Urethritis Ellen W. Freeman, PhD Research Professor, Departments of Obstetrics/Gynecology and Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Premenstrual Syndrome Theodore M. Freeman, MD San Antonio Asthma and Allergy Clinic, San Antonio, Texas Allergic Reactions to Insect Stings Linda French, MD Professor and Chair, Department of Family Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, Ohio Dysmenorrhea Keith A. Frey, MD Professor of Family Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona Infertility Aaron Friedman, MD Ruben Bentson Professor and Chair, Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota Parenteral Fluid Therapy for Infants and Children R. Michael Gallagher, DO Headache Consultant, Headache Center of Central Florida, Melbourne, Florida Headache John Garber, MD Instructor in Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Fellow in Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts Acute and Chronic Viral Hepatitis Khalil G. Ghanem, MD Associate Professor of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland Gonorrhea Donald L. Gilbert, MD, MS Professor of Pediatrics and Neurology; Child Neurology Residency Program Director; Director, Movement Disorders and Tourette Syndrome Clinic; Co-Director, Transcranial Magenetic Stimulation Laboratory, Cincinnati Childrens Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome Robert Giusti, MD Clinical Associate Professor of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, New York University School of Medicine; New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York Cystic Fibrosis Mark T. Gladwin, MD Professor of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Chief; Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Sickle Cell Disease Stephen J. Gluckman, MD Professor of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Andrew W. Goddard, MD Professor of Psychiatry and Radiology, Indiana University School of Medicine; Adjunct Professor, Purdue University Graduate School; Director, Adult Psychiatry Clinic & Study Center; Director, Adult Anxiety Program, Indiana University Neuroscience Center, Indianapolis, Indiana Anxiety Disorders Mark S. Gold, MD Distinguished Professor and Chair, Psychiatry, Neuroscience, Anesthesiology, and Community Health and Family Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida Drug Abuse Marls Gonzalez-Fernandez, MD, PhD Assistant Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Medical Director, Outpatient Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland Rehabilitation of the Stroke Patient Aidar R. Gosmanov, MD, PhD, DMSc Assistant Professor of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee Diabetic Ketoacidosis Luigi Gradoni, PhD Research Director, Vector-Borne Diseases and International Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanita`, Rome, Italy Leishmaniasis Contributors x
10. 10. Jane M. Grant-Kels, MD Professor and Chair, Department of Dermatology; Dermatology Residency Director and Assistant Dean of Clinical Affairs, University of Connecticut School of Medicine; Director of Dermatopathology and Director, Cutaneous Oncology and Melanoma Center, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut Nevi Leslie A. Greenberg, MD Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Kansas School of MedicineWichita; Faculty, Via Christi Family Medicine Residency Program, Wichita, Kansas; Private Practice, Greenberg Family Medicine, Andover, Kansas Keloids William Greene, MD Assistant Professor of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida Drug Abuse Joseph Greensher, MD Professor of Pediatrics, Stony Brook University Medical Center School of Medicine, Stony Brook, New York; Medical Director and Associate Chair, Department of Pediatrics, Long Island Regional Poison and Drug Information Center, Winthrop- University Hospital, Mineola, New York Medical Toxicology David Gregory, MD Associate Clinical Professor of Family Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia; Assistant Clinical Professor of Family Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia; Program Director, CENTRA-Lynchburg Family Medicine Residency, Lynchburg, Virginia; Staff Physician in Family Medicine, Lynchburg General Hospital and Virginia Baptist Hospital, Lynchburg, Virginia Resuscitation of the Newborn Sriharsha Cherukumili Grevich, BS, MAS Pediatric Resident, University of CaliforniaSan Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California Rheumatoid Arthritis Priya Grewal, MD Assistant Professor, Division of Liver Diseases, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York Cirrhosis Charles Grose, MD Professor of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine; Director of Infectious Diseases Division, Childrens Hospital of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa Varicella (Chickenpox) Robert Grossberg, MD Assistant Professor of Medicine, Infectious Diseases, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York Fungal Diseases of the Skin Eva C. Guinan, MD Associate Professor of Pediatrics and Director, Linkages Program, Harvard Catalyst, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts Aplastic Anemia Tawanda Gumbo, MD Associate Professor of Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical School; Attending Physician, Parkland Memorial Hospital and University HospitalSt. Paul, Dallas, Texas Tuberculosis and Other Mycobacterial Diseases Amita Gupta, MD, MHS Associate Professor of Medicine (Division of Infectious Diseases) and International Health, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland HIV Disease David Hadley, MD Urology Resident, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah Urethral Strictures Rebat M. Halder, MD Professor and Chair, Department of Dermatology, Howard UniversityCollegeofMedicine,Washington,DistrictofColumbia Pigmentary Disorders Ronald Hall II, PharmD Associate Professor, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center School of Pharmacy, Dallas, Texas Tuberculosis and Other Mycobacterial Diseases Nicola A. Hanania, MD, MS Associate Professor of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine; Director, Asthma Clinical Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease George D. Harris, MD, MS Professor and Dean, Year 1 and 2 Medicine, University of MissouriKansas City School of Medicine; Faculty, Family Medicine Residency Program at Truman Medical Center Lakewood, Kansas City, Missouri Osteomyelitis Adam L. Hartman, MD Assistant Professor of Neurology, Pediatrics, and Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland Epilepsy in Infants and Children Sean O. Henderson, MD Chair, Emergency Medicine, Keck School of Medicine at the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California Amebiasis L. David Hillis, MD Chair, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas Congenital Heart Disease Stacey A. Hinderliter, MD Assistant Director for Pediatric Education, Lynchburg Family Medicine Residency, Lynchburg, Virginia; Clinical Assistant Professor of Family Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia; Clinical Assistant Professor of Family Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia; Chairperson, Department of Pediatrics, Centra, Lynchburg, Virginia Resuscitation of the Newborn Contributors xi
11. 11. Molly Hinshaw, MD Associate Professor of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin; Dermatopathologist, Dermpath Diagnostics, Brookfield, Wisconsin Cutaneous Vasculitis; Connective Tissue Disorders Bryan Ho, MD Assistant Professor of Neurology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts Myasthenia Gravis Raymond J. Hohl, MD, PhD Professor of Internal Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa Thalassemia Sarah A. Holstein, MD, PhD Assistant Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa Thalassemia Marisa Holubar, MD Clinical Teaching Fellow,Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island Severe Sepsis Ahmad Reza Hossani-Madani, MD Department of Dermatology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia Pigmentary Disorders Steven A. House, MD Associate Professor, Department of Family & Geriatric Medicine, University of Louisville and Glasgow Family Medicine Residency Program, Glasgow, Kentucky Pain Sarah Houssayni, MD Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Kansas School of MedicineWichita; Pediatrics Faculty, Via Christi Family Medicine Residency, Wichita, Kansas Encopresis Judith M. Hubschen, PhD Scientist, Institute of Immunology, Centre de Recherche Public de la Sante/Laboratoire National de Sante Luxembourg Rubella and Congenital Rubella Christine Hudak, MD Summa Health System, Akron, Ohio Vulvovaginitis William J. Hueston, MD Senior Associate Dean for Academic Affairs, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin Hyperthyroidism; Hypothyroidism Scott A. Hundahl, MD Professor of Surgery, University of CaliforniaDavis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California; Chief of Surgery, Veterans Affairs Northern California Health Care System, Mather, California Tumors of the Stomach Stephen P. Hunger, MD Professor of Pediatrics, University of ColoradoDenver School of Medicine; Section Chief, Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders and Ergen Family Chair in Pediatric Cancer, The Childrens Hospital, Aurora, Colorado Acute Leukemia in Children Gerald A. Isenberg, MD Professor of Surgery and Director of Surgical Undergraduate Education, Jefferson Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University; Program Director, Colorectal Residency, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Tumors of the Colon and Rectum Alan C. Jackson, MD Professor of Medicine (Neurology) and Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba Faculty of Medicine; Head, Section of Neurology, Winnipeg Regional Health Authority, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada Rabies Kurt M. Jacobson, MD Assistant Professor of Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine Division, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin Mitral Valve Prolapse James J. James, MD Executive Director, Society for Disaster Medicine and Public Health, Washington, DC Biologic Agents Reference Chart; Toxic Chemical Agents Reference Chart: Symptoms and Treatment Katarzyna Jamieson, MD Associate Professor of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina Chronic Leukemias James N. Jarvis, MD Childrens Medical Research Institute/Arthritis Foundation Oklahoma Chapter Endowed Chair, Professor of Pediatrics and Section Chief, Pediatric Rheumatology, University of Oklahoma College of Medicine, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Roy M. John, MD, PhD Clinical Assistant Professor, Harvard Medical School; Associate Director, Cardiac Electrophysiology Laboratory, Brigham and Womens Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts Cardiac Arrest: Sudden Cardiac Death Gregory Juckett, MD, MPH Professor of Family Medicine; Director, West Virginia University International Travel Clinic, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia Campylobacter Marc A. Judson, MD Professor of Medicine and Chief, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York Sarcoidosis Contributors xii
12. 12. Tamilarasu Kadhiravan, MD Assistant Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and ResearchPuducherry, Puducherry, India Typhoid Fever Harmit Kalia, DO Division of Gastroenterology, University of Medicine and DentistryNew Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey Cirrhosis Walter Kao, MD Associate Professor of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health; Attending Cardiologist, Heart Failure and Transplant Program, University of Wisconsin Hospitals and Clinics, Madison, Wisconsin Congestive Heart Failure Michael E. Karellas, MD Assistant Professor of Surgery, Division of Urologic Oncology, The Cancer Institute of New Jersey; Rutgers/Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey Renal Calculi Dilip R. Karnad, MD Department of Medicine, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India Tetanus Bernard M. Karnath, MD Associate Professor of Medicine, University of Texas Medical BranchGalveston, Galveston, Texas Pruritus Andreas Katsambas, MD, PhD Professor of Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, University of Athens School of Medicine; Andreas Sygzos Hospital, Athens, Greece Parasitic Diseases of the Skin Ben Z. Katz, MD Professor of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; Division of Infectious Diseases, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Childrens Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois Infectious Mononucleosis and Other Epstein-Barr VirusAssociated Lymphoproliferative Disorders Arthur Kavanaugh, MD Professor of Medicine, University of CaliforniaSan Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, California Rheumatoid Arthritis Clive Kearon, PhD Professor of Medicine, McMaster University Faculty of Health Sciences; Attending Physician, Henderson General Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada Venous Thromboembolism B. Mark Keegan, MD Associate Professor and Section Chair, Multiple Sclerosis and Autoimmune Neurology, Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota Multiple Sclerosis Stephen F. Kemp, MD Professor of Medicine and Associate Professor of Pediatrics, University of Mississippi College of Medicine; Director, Allergy and Immunology Fellowship Program, Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi Anaphylaxis and Serum Sickness Haejin Kim, MD Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis Jongoh Kim, MD Instructor in Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas Hyperaldosteronism; Hyperlipidemia Paul S. Kingma, MD, PhD Associate Professor, The Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Childrens Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio Care of the High-Risk Neonate Robert Kirsner, MD, PhD Professor, Vice Chairman, and Stiefel Laboratories Chair, Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery and Chief of Dermatology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida Venous Ulcers Joseph E. Kiss, MD Associate Professor of Medicine, Division of Hematology- Oncology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine; Medical Director, Hemapheresis and Blood Services, The Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura Amanda Kolb, MD Instructor, Department of Family Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia Asthma in Children Frederick K. Korley, MD Robert E. Meyerhoff Assistant Professor of Emergency Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Staff, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland Disturbances due to Cold Adrienne N. Kovalsky, DO Department of Internal Medicine, NorthShore University Health System, Evanston, Illinois High-Altitude Illness Robert A. Kratzke, MD John Skoglund Chair of Lung Cancer Research, University of Minnesota Medical School; Associate Professor, University of Minnesota Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota Primary Lung Cancer Eric H. Kraut, MD Professor of Medicine and Director, Benign Hematology, Division of Hematology-Oncology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio Platelet-Mediated Bleeding Disorders Jeffrey A. Kraut, MD Professor of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA; Chief of Dialysis, Veterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California Chronic Kidney Disease Contributors xiii
13. 13. Jacques Kremer, PhD Postdoctoral Program, Institute of Immunology, National Laboratory of Health, Luxembourg Measles (Rubeola) John N. Krieger, MD Professor of Urology, University of Washington School of Medicine; Chief of Urology, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington Bacterial Infections of the Male Urinary Tract Lakshmanan Krishnamurti, MD Professor of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Childrens Hospital of Pittsburgh of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Sickle Cell Disease Kumar Krishnan, MD Instructor in Medicine, Gastroenterology, and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois Dysphagia and Esophageal Obstruction Roshni Kulkarni, MD Professor and Director, Pediatric Hematology/Oncology; Director (Pediatric), Michigan State University Center for Bleeding and Clotting Disorders, Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, Michigan State University College of Medicine, East Lansing, Michigan Hemophilia and Related Conditions Seema Kumar, MD Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine; Consultant, Division of Pediatrics, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota Obesity Jennie H. Kwon, DO Fellow in Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri Pseudomembranous Colitis Robert A. Kyle, MD Professor of Medicine, Laboratory Medicine, and Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota Multiple Myeloma Lori M.B. Laffel, MD, MPH Associate Professor of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School; Chief, Pediatric, Adolescent, and Young Adult Section, and Investigator, Section on Genetics and Epidemiology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts Diabetes Mellitus in Children Richard A. Lange, MD Executive Vice Chairman, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas Congenital Heart Disease Julius Larioza, MD Attending Physician, Bay State Medical Center, Springfield, Massachusetts Toxic Shock Syndrome Jerome Larkin, MD Assistant Professor of Medicine, Warren Alpert Medical School at Brown University; Attending Physician, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island Severe Sepsis David Larrabee, MD, MPH Faculty, Shenyang Family Medicine Residency Program, Shenyang, China Otitis Externa Barbara Latenser, MD Former Clara L. Smith Professor of Burn Surgery, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa Burn Treatment Guidelines Chistine L. Lau, MD Associate Professor, Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, Virginia Atelectasis Susan Lawrence-Hylland, MD Clinical Assistant Professor, Rheumatology Section, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Madison, Wisconsin Connective Tissue Disorders; Cutaneous Vasculitis Miguel A. Leal, MD Assistant Professor of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin Pericarditis Jerrold B. Leikin, MD Clinical Professor of Medicine, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine; Professor of Medicine and Pharmacology, Rush Medical College, Chicago, Illinois; Director of Medical Toxicology, NorthShore University HealthSystemOMEGA, Glenbrook Hospital, Glenview, Illinois Disturbances due to Cold Scott M. Leikin, BA NorthShore Center for Simulation and Innovation (NCSI), Evanston/Highland Park Hospitals, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois Disturbances due to Cold Anthony Lembo, MD Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts Constipation Alexander K.C. Leung, MBBS Clinical Professor of Pediatrics, The University of Calgary; Pediatric Consultant, Alberta Childrens Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada Nocturnal Enuresis Jana Lewis, MD Department of Surgery, Maimonides Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York Breast Disease Albert P. Lin, MD Assistant Professor, Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine; Staff Physician, Eye Care Line, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, Texas Glaucoma Morten Lindbaek, MD Professor of General Practice, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway Sinusitis Contributors xiv
14. 14. Janet C. Lindemann, MD, MBA Professor of Family Medicine and Dean of Medical Student Education, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, South Dakota Fatigue Jeffrey A. Linder, MD, MPH Associate Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Associate Physician, Division of General Medicine and Primary Care, Brigham and Womens Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts Influenza James Lock, MD, PhD Professor of Child Psychiatry and Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine; Medical Director, Eating Disorder Program, Lucile Packard Childrens Hospital, Stanford, California Bulimia Nervosa M. Chantel Long, MD Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Kansas School of MedicineWichita, Wichita, Kansas; Associate Director, Smoky Hill Family Medicine Residency, Salina, Kansas Condyloma Acuminata; Warts (Verrucae) Robert C. Lowe, MD Associate Professor of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts Gastritis and Peptic Ulcer Disease Michael F. Lynch, MD Medical Epidemiologist, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Malaria Branch, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia Malaria James M. Lyznicki, MS, MPH Director, Physician Consortium for Performance Improvement, American Medical Association, Chicago, Illinois Biologic Agents Reference Chart; Toxic Chemical Agents Reference Chart: Symptoms and Treatment Kimberly E. Mace, PhD Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Malaria Branch, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia Malaria Bahaa S. Malaeb, MD Assistant Professor, Genitourinary Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan Trauma to the Genitourinary Tract Lynne Margesson, MD Adjunct Assistant Professor of Surgery (Dermatology) and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire Pruritus Ani and Vulvae Paul Martin, MD Chief, Division of Hepatology, Schiff Liver Institute/Center for Liver Diseases, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida Cirrhosis Vicky Martin, MD Resident, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kingston General Hospital, Kingston, Ontario, Canada Amenorrhea Jyoti S. Mathad, MD, MSc Fellow, Division of Infectious Diseases, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York HIV Disease Pinckney J. Maxwell IV, MD Assistant Professor of Surgery, Colon and Rectal Surgery, Division of Gastrointestinal & Laparoscopic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina Tumors of the Colon and Rectum Anthony L. McCall, MD, PhD James M. Moss Professor of Diabetes, University of Virginia School of Medicine; Endocrinologist, University of Virginia Health Care System, Charlottesville, Virginia Diabetes Mellitus in Adults Laura J. McCloskey, PhD Director of Laboratories; Associate Professor of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology; and Director, Clinical Immunology, Specimen Processing, and Referral Testing, Jefferson Hospital for Neuroscience Laboratory, Jefferson Infusion Center Laboratory, and Jefferson at the Navy Yard Laboratory, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Reference Intervals for the Interpretation of Laboratory Tests Christopher C. McGuigan, MBChB Consultant in Health Protection, NHS Tayside, Directorate of Public Health, Dundee, United Kingdom Psittacosis Michael McGuigan, MD Medical Director, Long Island Regional Poison and Drug Information Center, Winthrop-University Hospital, Mineola, New York Medical Toxicology Donald McNeil, MD Associate Professor of Clinical Medicine, Department of Immunology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Public Health, Columbus, Ohio Allergic Reactions to Drugs Mick S. Meiselman, MD Clinical Assistant Professor, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine; Section Chief, Advanced Therapeutic Endoscopy, Department of Gastroenterology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois Calculous Biliary Disease Genevieve Melton-Meaux, MD Associate Professor of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota Hemorrhoids, Anal Fissure, and Anorectal Abscess and Fistula Moises Mercado, MD Professor of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico; Head, Endocrine Service, and Experimental Endocrinology Unit, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Medico Nacional Siglo XXI, Institute Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico Acromegaly Contributors xv
15. 15. Ryan Merrell, MD Department of Neurology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois Brain Tumors Steven Meyers, MD NorthShore Neurologic Institute, Department of Neurology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois Acute Facial Paralysis Brian Miller, MD, PhD, MPH Assistant Professor, Department of Psychiatry, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia Schizophrenia Howard C. Mofenson, MD Professor of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine, Stony Brook University Medical Center School of Medicine, Stony Brook, New York; Professor of Pharmacology and Toxicology, New York College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, New York Medical Toxicology Justin Moore, MD Assistant Professor of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas School of MedicineWichita, Wichita, Kansas Adrenocortical Insufficiency Enrique Morales, MD Attending Nephrologist, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain Primary Glomerular Diseases Jaime Morales-Arias, MD Associate Professor of Pediatrics, Louisiana State University; Director, Bleeding Disorders and Thrombosis Program, Childrens Hospital of New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation Timothy I. Morgenthaler, MD Associate Professor of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center for Sleep Medicine, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota Sleep Disorders Warwick L. Morison, MD Professor of Dermatology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland Sunburn Heather E. Moss, MD, PhD Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago Illinois Optic Neuritis Ladan Mostaghimi, MD Clinical Associate Professor, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin Psychocutaneous Medicine Judd W. Moul, MD James H. Semans, MD, Department of Dermatology, Professor of Surgery, Division of Urologic Surgery; Director, Duke Prostate Center, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Claude P. Muller, MD Scientist, Institute of Immunology, Centre de Recherche Public de la Sante/Laboratoire National de Sante, Luxembourg Measles (Rubeola); Rubella and Congenital Rubella Michael Murphy, MD Professor of Dermatology, University of Connecticut School of Medicine; Attending Dermatologist, John Dempsey Hospital, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut Nevi Diya F. Mutasim, MD Chair, Department of Dermatology and Professor of Dermatology and Pathology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio Bullous Diseases Nicole Nader, MD Associate Consultant, Park Nicollet, St. Louis Park, Minnesota Obesity Alykhan S. Nagji, MD Resident, Department of Surgery, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia Atelectasis Tara J. Neil, MD Assistant Professor, Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Kansas School of MedicineWichita; Associate Program Director, Via Christi Family Medicine Residency, Wichita, Kansas Postpartum Care David G. Neschis, MD Clinical Associate Professor of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Vascular Surgeon, The Maryland Vascular Center, Glen Burnie, Maryland Aortic Disease: Aneurysm and Dissection Theresa Nester, MD Professor of Medicine, Laboratory Medicine, and Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota Blood Component Therapy David H. Neustadt, MD Clinical Professor of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine; Senior Attending, University Hospital, Jewish Hospital, Louisville, Kentucky Osteoarthritis Tam T. Nguyen, MD Associate Program Director, San Joaquin Hospital FM Residency Program, San Joaquin General Hospital, French Camp, California Papulosquamous Eruptions Lucybeth Nieves-Arriba, MD Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine; Gynecologic Oncology, Womens Health Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio Cancer of the Uterine Cervix Andrei Novac, MD Clinical Professor of Psychiatry and Founding Director, Traumatic Stress Program, University of CaliforniaIrvine, Irvine, California Mood Disorders: Depression, Bipolar Disease, and Mood Dysregulation Enrico M. Novelli, MD Assistant Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Vascular Medicine Institute; Director, Adult Sickle Cell Anemia Program, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Sickle Cell Disease Contributors xvi
16. 16. Jeffrey P. Okeson, DMD Professor and Chair, Oral Health Science; Director, Orofacial Pain Program, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky Temporomandibular Disorders David L. Olive, MD Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin Endometriosis Peck Y. Ong, MD Assistant Professor of Clinical Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California; Attending Physician, Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California Atopic Dermatitis Silvia Orengo-Nania, MD Professor of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas Glaucoma Bernhard Ortel, MD Associate Professor of Dermatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois Cancer of the Skin Matthew T. Oughton, MD Assistant Professor, Department of Medicine, McGill University Faculty of Medicine; Infectious Disease Physician, Sir Mortimer B. DavisJewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada Acute Infectious Diarrhea Gary D. Overturf, MD Professor Emeritus of Pediatrics and Pathology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine; Medical Director, Infectious Diseases, TriCore Reference Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico Bacterial Meningitis Kerem Ozer, MD Texas Diabetes and Endocrinology, Austin, Texas Diabetes Insipidus Karel Pacak, MD, PhD, DSc Professor of Medicine and Chief of the Section on Medical Neuroendocrinology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland Pheochromocytoma Pratik Pandharipande, MD, MSci Professor of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Vanderbilt University Medical Center; and Anesthesiology Service, Veterans Administration Tennessee Valley Healthcare Systems, Nashville, Tennessee Delirium John E. Pandolfino, MD Professor of Medicine, Gastroenterology, and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois Dysphagia and Esophageal Obstruction Jotam Pasipanodya, MD Research Scientist, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas Tuberculosis and Other Mycobacterial Diseases Manish R. Patel, DO Assistant Professor, University of Minnesota Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minnesota Primary Lung Cancer Peter D. Patrick, PhD Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia Traumatic Brain Injury in Children Paul Paulman, MD Assistant Dean for Clinical Skills and Quality, Family Medicine, University of Nebraska College of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska Iron Deficiency Gerson O. Penna, MD, PhD Senior Researcher, Department of Tropical Medicine, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil Leprosy Maria Lucia Penna, MD, PhD Professor, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Leprosy Allen Perkins, MD, MPH Professor and Chairman, Department of Family Medicine, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, Alabama Marine Poisonings, Envenomations, and Trauma Georg A. Petroianu, MD, PhD Professor and Chair, Department of Cellular Biology and Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, Florida Hiccups Vesna Petronic-Rosic, MD, MSc Associate Professor and Clinic Director, University of Chicago Section of Dermatology, Chicago, Illinois Melanoma Michael E. Pichichero, MD Director of Research, Department of Immunology and Center for Infectious Disease, Rochester General Hospital Research Institute, Rochester, New York Whooping Cough (Pertussis) Claus A. Pierach, MD Professor of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Abbott Northwestern Hospital, Minneapolis, Minnesota Porphyrias Antonello Pietrangelo, MD, PhD Professor of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy Hemochromatosis Mark Pietroni, MD Medical Director, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh Cholera Jose A. Plaza, MD Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, Medical College of Wisconsin; Director of Dermatopathology, Department of Pathology, Froedtert & Medical College, Milwaukee, Wisconsin Erythema Multiforme; Stevens-Johnson Syndrome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis Contributors xvii
17. 17. Daniel K. Podolsky, MD Professor of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical School; Philip OBryan Montgomery Jr., MD, Distinguished Presidential Chair in Academic Administration and Doris and Bryan Wildenthal Distinguished Chair in Medical Science, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Crohns Disease and Ulcerative Colitis Susan M. Pollart, MD, MS Associate Professor of Family Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia Asthma in Children Michael A. Posencheg, MD Medical Director, Intensive Care Nursery and Newborn Nursery; Associate Professor of Clinical Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology and Newborn Services, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Hemolytic Disease of the Fetus and Newborn Charles R. Powell, MD Assistant Professor of Urology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana Prostatitis Manuel Praga, MD Associate Professor of Medicine, Universidad Complutense; Head, Nephrology Department, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain Primary Glomerular Diseases Daniel S. Pratt, MD Assistant Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Director, Liver-Biliary-Pancreas Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts Acute and Chronic Viral Hepatitis Peter S. Rahko, MD Professor of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health; Director of Echocardiography, University of Wisconsin Hospitals and Clinics, Madison, Wisconsin Mitral Valve Prolapse S. Vincent Rajkumar, MD Professor of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota Multiple Myeloma Julio A. Ramirez, MD Professor of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine; Chief, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louisville, Kentucky Legionellosis (Legionnaires Disease and Pontiac Fever) Didier Raoult, MD, PhD Universite de la Mediterranee, Faculte de Medecine, Marseille, France Q Fever Anita Devi K. Ravindran, MD Senior Lecturer in Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, SEGi University, Kota Damansara, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia Foodborne Illnesses Lakshmi Ravindran, MD Assistant Professor, University of Toronto Faculty of Medicine; Staff Psychiatrist, Mood and Anxiety Program, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada Panic Disorder Elizabeth Reddy, MD Assistant Professor, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Health, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina; Kilimanjaro Christian Medical CentreDuke University Collaboration, Moshi, Tanzania Intestinal Parasites Ian R. Reid, MD Professor of Medicine and Endocrinology, University of Auckland Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences School of Medicine, Auckland, New Zealand Pagets Disease of Bone Robert L. Reid, MD Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Queens University Faculty of Health Sciences; Chair, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Kingston General Hospital, Kingston, Ontario, Canada Amenorrhea John D. Reveille, MD Professor of Internal Medicine and Director, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunogenetics, The University of Texas Medical School, Houston, Texas Ankylosing Spondylitis Leslie Rickey, MD, MPH Assistant Professor, Division of Urology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland Urinary Incontinence Jason R. Roberts, MD Assistant Professor, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Malcolm K. Robinson, MD Assistant Professor of Surgery, Harvard Medical School; Metabolic Support Service, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Womens Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts Parenteral Nutrition in Adults Nidra Rodriguez, MD Assistant Professor of Pediatric Hematology, University of Texas Medical School at Houston and University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston Texas Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemias Michelle A. Roett, MD, MPH Associate Professor and Program Director, Georgetown UniversityProvidence Hospital Family Medicine Residency Program, Fort Lincoln Family Medical Center, Colmar Manor, Maryland Ovarian Cancer Jonathan Rosand, MD, MSc Professor of Neurology, Harvard Medical School; Director, Division of Neurocritical Care and Emergency Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts Intracerebral Hemorrhage Contributors xviii
18. 18. Peter G. Rose, MD Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine; Section Head, Gynecologic Oncology, Womens Health Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio Cancer of the Uterine Cervix Richard N. Rosenthal, MD Arthur J. Antenucci Professor of Clinical Psychiatry, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons; Chair, Department of Psychiatry, St. LukesRoosevelt Hospital Center, New York, New York Alcoholism Alan R. Roth, DO Assistant Clinical Professor, Family and Social Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York; Chairman, Department of Family Medicine, and Director, Palliative Medicine Fellowship Program, Jamaica Hospital Medical Center, Jamaica, New York Fever Anne-Michelle Ruha, MD Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona; Director, Medical Toxicology Fellowship, Department of Medical Toxicology, Banner Good Samaritan Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona Spider Bites and Scorpion Stings Kristen Rundell, MS, MD Program Director, Family Medicine Residency Program, Riverside Methodist Hospital, Columbus, Ohio Mumps Richard Sadovsky, MD Associate Professor of Family Medicine, Department of Family Medicine, State University of New YorkDownstate, Brooklyn, New York Tinnitus Susan L. Samson, MD, PhD Assistant Professor, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine; Attending Physician, Ben Taub General Hospital; Medical Director, The Pituitary Center at Baylor Clinic and St. Lukes Evangelical Hospital, Houston, Texas Hyponatremia Timothy Sanborn, MD Clinical Professor of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois Acute Myocardial Infarction Sandeep Sangodkar, DO, MS Chief Resident, Internal Medicine, University of Chicago Northshore Residency Programs, Chicago, Illinois Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy J. Terry Saunders, PhD Assistant Professor of Medical Education in Internal Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia Diabetes Mellitus in Adults Ralph Schapira, MD Professor and Vice Chair, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin; Staff Physician, Milwaukee Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin Acute Bronchitis Michael Schatz, MD, MS Clinical Professor, Department of Medicine, University of CaliforniaSan Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, California; Chief, Departments of Allergy and Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente, San Diego, California Asthma in Adolescents and Adults Rebecca B. Schechter, MD Endocrinologist, Highland Park, Illinois Thyroid Cancer Stacey A. Scheib, MD Resident Physician, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Menopause Lawrence R. Schiller, MD Professor of Internal Medicine, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Dallas Campus; Attending Physician, Digestive Health Associates of Texas; Program Director, Gastroenterology Fellowship, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas Malabsorption Janet A. Schlechte, MD Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Hospital, Iowa City, Iowa Hyperprolactinemia Kerrie Schoffer, MD Assistant Professor in Neurology, Dalhousie University Faculty of Medicine; Neurologist, QEII Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada Peripheral Neuropathies Jan Schovanek, MD Program in Reproductive and Adult Endocrinology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Third Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, Olomouc, Czech Republic Pheochromocytoma Sarina Schrager, MD, MS Professor of Family Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin Abnormal Uterine Bleeding Kevin Schroeder, MD Program Director, Transitional Year, and Medical Director of Acute Dialysis, Riverside Methodist Hospital, Columbus, Ohio Acute Renal Failure Dan Schuller, MD Chief, Medical Critical Care, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas Primary Lung Abscess Amy Seery, MD Assistant Professor, Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Kansas School of MedicineWichita; Pediatrics Faculty, Via Christi Family Medicine Residency, Wichita, Kansas Normal Newborn Feeding Steven A. Seifert, MD Professor, University of New Mexico School of Medicine; Medical Director, New Mexico Poison Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico Venomous Snakebite Contributors xix
19. 19. Jeffrey D. Semel, MD Assistant Clinical Professor of Medicine, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago; Chief, Section of Infectious Diseases, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Chicago, Illinois Pseudomembranous Colitis Edward Septimus, MD Affiliated Professor, George Mason University School of Public Policy, Fairfax, Virginia; Medical Director, Infection Prevention, HCA Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee Bacterial Pneumonia Daniel J. Sexton, MD Professor of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina Rickettsial and Ehrlichial Infections (Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever and Typhus) Beejal Shah, MD Assistant Professor, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine; Attending Physician, Ben Taub General Hospital, Houston, Texas Hyponatremia Samir S. Shah, MD Director, Division of Hospital Medicine, and Attending Physician in Hospital Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Childrens Hospital Medical Center; Professor, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio Viral Meningitis Jamile M. Shammo, MD Associate Professor of Medicine and Pathology, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois Myelodysplastic Syndromes Amir Sharafkhaneh, MD, PhD Associate Professor of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine; Director, Sleep Fellowship Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Ala I. Sharara, MD Professor of Medicine and Head, Division of Gastroenterology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon; Consulting Professor, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina Bleeding Esophageal Varices Julie Shott, MD Sports Medicine Fellow, Riverside Methodist Hospital, Columbus, Ohio Common Sports Injuries Dan-Arin Silasi, MD Associate Professor, Gynecologic Oncology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut Cancer of the Endometrium Lindsay R. Simon, MD Doctor of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Reference Intervals for the Interpretation of Laboratory Tests Aaron Sinclair, MD Assistant Professor, Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Kansas School of MedicineWichita; Associate Director, Wesley Family Medicine Residency, Wichita, Kansas Diverticula of the Alimentary Tract Zachary L. Smith, DO Clinician Educator, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine; Chief Resident, Internal Medicine, University of Chicago NorthShore Residency Program, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois Calculous Biliary Disease Abby L. Spencer, MD, MS Assistant Professor of Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Associate Program Director, Internal Medicine Residency Program, Allegheny General HospitalWest Penn Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Contraception Erik K. St. Louis, MD Senior Associate Consultant, Neurology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota Sleep Disorders Murray Stein, MD, MPH Professor of Psychiatry and Family and Preventive Medicine, University of CaliforniaSan Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California; Adjunct Professor of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California Panic Disorder Todd Stephens, MD Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Kansas School of MedicineWichita; Associate Program Director, Via Christi Family Medicine Residency, Wichita, Kansas Genital Ulcer Disease: Chancroid, Granuloma Inguinale, and Lymphogranuloma Dennis L. Stevens, MD, PhD Professor of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington; Chief, Infectious Diseases, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Boise, Idaho Bacterial Diseases of the Skin Douglas F. Stickle, PhD Professor, Department of Pathology, Jefferson Medical College; Director of Chemistry, Department of Pathology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Reference Intervals for the Interpretation of Laboratory Tests Brenda Stokes, MD Assistant Clinical Professor of Family Medicine, Instructional Faculty, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia; Assistant Clinical Professor, Department of Family Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia; Medical Staff, Central HealthLynchburg General and Virginia Baptist Hospitals, Lynchburg, Virginia Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy Contributors xx
20. 20. Constantine A. Stratakis, MD, PhD Program Head, Program on Developmental Endocrinology and Genetics, and Director, Pediatric Endocrinology Training Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland Cushings Syndrome Harris Strokoff, MD Child and Adolescent Psychiatrist, Northwestern Counseling and Support Services, Saint Albans, Vermont Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Pabhakar P. Swaroop, MD Assistant Professor of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Crohns Disease and Ulcerative Colitis Masayoshi Takashima, MD Director, The Sinus Center, and Director, Sleep Medicine FellowshipOTO Section, Bobby R. Alford Department of OtolaryngologyHead and Neck Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas Obstructive Sleep Apnea Matthew D. Taylor, MD Resident, Department of Surgery, University of Virginia Medical Center, Charlottesville, Virginia Atelectasis Joyce M.C. Teng, MD, PhD Assistant Professor of Dermatology and Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health; Attending Physician, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Madison, Wisconsin Urticaria and Angioedema Nathan Thielman, MD, MPH Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina Intestinal Parasites David R. Thomas, MD Professor of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine; Attending Physician, Saint Louis University Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri Pressure Ulcers Joanna Thomson, MD Pediatric Hospitalist, Division of Hospital Medicine, Cincinnati Childrens Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio Viral Meningitis Kenneth Tobin, DO Clinical Assistant Professor and Director, Chest Pain Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease Angina Pectoris Debra Tristram, MD Clinical Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York Necrotizing Skin and Soft Tissue Infections Elaine B. Trujillo, MS, RD Nutritional Science Research Group, Division of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland Parenteral Nutrition in Adults Arvid E. Underman, MD Clinical Professor of Medicine and Microbiology, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; Director of Graduate Medical Education, Huntington Hospital, Pasadena, California Salmonellosis David van Duin, MD, PhD Associate Professor of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina Histoplasmosis Daniel J. Van Durme, MD Professor and Chair, Department of Family Medicine and Rural Health; Director, Center on Global Health, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, Florida Acne Vulgaris and Rosacea Brenda R. Velasco, MD Allied GI Associates, Haddon Heights, New Jersey Irritable Bowel Syndrome Donald C. Vinh, MD Assistant Professor, Clinician-Scientist, Divisions of Infectious Disease and Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Departments of Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Human Genetics, McGill University Health CentreMontreal General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada Blastomycosis K.N. Viswanathan, MD Professor of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, SEGi University, Kota Damansara, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia Foodborne Illnesses Todd W. Vitaz, MD Assistant Professor, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine; Director of Neurosurgical Oncology and Co-Director, Neurosciences ICU, Norton Hospital, Louisville, Kentucky Head Injuries Jatin M. Vyas, MD, PhD Assistant Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts Rat-Bite Fever Rahul Wadke, MD Department of Internal Medicine, University of Chicago Northshore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois Atrial Fibrillation Thomas M. Wakefield, MD S. Martin Lindenauer Professor of Surgery, Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan Venous Thrombosis Ellen R. Wald, MD Professor and Chair, Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health; Pediatrician- in-Chief, American Family Childrens Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin Urinary Tract Infections in Infants and Children Contributors xxi
21. 21. Robin A. Walker, MD Assistant Professor, Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Kansas School of MedicineWichita; Associate Director, Wesley Family Medicine Residency Program, Wichita, Kansas Epididymitis Barry M. Wall, MD Professor of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee Diabetic Ketoacidosis Anne Walling, MB, ChB Professor, Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Kansas School of MedicineWichita, Wichita, Kansas Migraine Headache Andrew Wang, MD Professor of Medicine/Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina Infective Endocarditis Ernest Wang, MD Associate Professor of Emergency Medicine, Evanston Hospital, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois Disturbances due to Cold Ruth Weber, MD, MSEd Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Kansas School of MedicineWichita; Associate Director, Wesley Family Medicine Residency, Wichita, Kansas Pharyngitis David N. Weissman, MD Adjunct Professor of Medicine and Microbiology (Immunology), West Virginia University School of Medicine; Director, Division of Respiratory Disease Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia Pneumoconiosis: Asbestosis and Silicosis Robert C. Welliver, Sr, MD Professor of Pediatrics and Chief, Section on Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma Viral Respiratory Infections Ryan Westergaard, MD, MPH Associate Professor of Medicine, University of Wisconsin- Madison, Madison, Wisconsin HIV Disease Meir Wetzler, MD Professor of Medicine and Chief of Leukemia Section, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York Acute Leukemia in Adults Tracy L. Williams, MD Assistant Professor, Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Kansas School of MedicineWichita; Associate Program Director, Via Christi Family Medicine Residency, Wichita, Kansas Chlamydia trachomatis Elaine Winkel, MD Associate Professor of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health; Attending Cardiologist, Heart Failure and Transplant Program, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Madison, Wisconsin Congestive Heart Failure Jennifer Wipperman, MD Assistant Professor, Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Kansas School of MedicineWichita; Associate Director, Via Christi Family Medicine Residency, Wichita, Kansas Dizziness and Vertigo Michael Wolfe, MD The Charles H. Rammelkamp, Jr., Professor of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University; Chair, Department of Medicine, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio Gastritis and Peptic Ulcer Disease Gary S. Wood, MD Professor and Chair, Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health; Attending Physician, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Madison, Wisconsin Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphomas, Including Mycosis Fungoides and Sezary Syndrome Jamie R.S. Wood, MD Instructor in Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School; Research Associate, Sections on Genetics and Epidemiology and Vascular Cell Biology; Staff Physician, Pediatric, Adolescent, and Young Adult Section, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts Diabetes Mellitus in Children Jon B. Woods, MD Associate Professor of Pediatrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, F. Edward Hebert School of Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland; Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Wilford Hall Medical Center, Lackland Air Force Base, San Antonio, Texas Anthrax William F. Wright, DO Assistant Professor, Medicine and Microbiology, Division of Infectious Diseases and Travel Medicine, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC Lyme Disease Steve W. Wu, MD Assistant Professor, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine; Assistant Professor, Cincinnati Childrens Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome Xinghong Yang, PhD Assistant Professor, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana Brucellosis Elizabeth Yeu, MD Assistant Professor of Ophthalmology, Cullen Eye Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas Vision Correction Procedures Contributors xxii
22. 22. James A. Yiannias, MD Associate Professor and Chair, Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic Scottsdale, Scottsdale, Arizona Contact Dermatitis Ronald F. Young, MD Medical Director, Swedish Radiosurgical Center, Swedish Medical Center and Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Seattle, Washington Trigeminal Neuralgia Mohamed Zayed, MD, PhD Vasular Surgery Resident, Stanford University, Stanford, California Peripheral Arterial Disease Wei Zhou, MD Professor of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California Peripheral Arterial Disease Contributors xxiii
23. 23. Preface The 66th edition of Conns Current Therapy is dedicated to Elouise Ross Conn Eberly. Elouise married Dr. Howard F. Conn, the creator and original editor of Conns Current Therapy, in 1942. Together, they raised five children in Uniontown, Pennsylvania, a farming and mining community near the intersection of the Pennsylvania, West Virginia, and Maryland borders. Dr. Conn died in 1982 at age 73. Elouise later married Robert Eberly, a Union- town businessman. Elouise died at her home in Uniontown on January 6, 2013, at age 89. In a pleasant telephone conversation enjoyed with Elouise a few months before her death, she was bright, alert, gracious and keenly interested in Conns Current Therapy. She filled in a great deal of history about Dr. Conn and the origin of his book. Howard Franklin Conn, MD, was born on Christmas Eve, 1908, in Smithfield, Pennsylvania. He graduated from West Virginia University in 1934 with a Bachelor of Science in Agricul- ture and a special emphasis in entomology. After receiving his medical degree from The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine in 1939, he worked as a research assistant in psychobi- ology and served an internship at Johns Hopkins. While continu- ing his internship study at Uniontown Hospital from 1940 to 1941, he met and married a pretty and vivacious student nurse, Elouise Ross. Shortly after their marriage, he answered his coun- trys call to military service. From 1942 to 1946, he served as a Bat- talion Surgeon in the 34th Division of the U.S. Army in Italy, rising to the rank of Major. Willie and Joe cartoonist Bill Maudlin used Dr. Conn as the model for the sympathetic army physician in his 1945 book Up Front. Dr. Conn returned from war to a general practice in Uniontown in 1946. He worked hard. He made house calls. According to Elouise, he charged $5 for the first shot of penicillin he admin- istered to a patient which was a lot of money at the time. He used a brainwave (EEG) machine in his office. He loved the peo- ple of Uniontown. While catching up on the medical literature that had accumu- lated during his time away from Uniontown, Dr. Conn had the idea for a practical book that busy clinicians could use to access medicines latest therapeutic advances; in other words, Current Therapy. He approached publisher W.B. Saunders Company, and soon Dr. Conns career as a book editor was launched. It was a unique idea at the time, as was Dr. Conns proposal that chapters be periodically rewritten by different contributors. The idea was that each successive author would be challenged to outdo his or her predecessor and keep each edition fresh. Though a loose- leaf format in which old chapters could be replaced with updates was considered, the book ended up being bound. In the beginning, Dr. Conn wrote many chapters himself. Elouises sister, Meribelle Ross Cole, lived next door to the Conns and began to type Dr. Conns manuscripts while she was still in high school. She then served as Dr. Conns secretary for 30 years. As the reputation of his book grew, Dr. Conn had no trouble recruiting authors from around the country. A pilot, he would fly to medical meetings to confer with experts about the book, and he would visit practicing physicians in their home communi- ties to gauge the usefulness of his work. Back home, Elouise said that she would frequently find Dr. Conn editing at his desk in the early morning hours. The day before he died of a myocardial infarction on April 17, 1982, he had worked all day on the 1983 edition. At the time of his death, the book had sold over 1 million copies. Dr. Conns work led to his contribution to two other textbooks. He co-edited Current Diagnosis with Rex B. Conn, MD (no rela- tion), who was from Emory University School of Medicine. Dr. Conn single-handedly edited three editions of The Specialties of Family Practice, which evolved into Family Practice, which he co-edited with Robert Rakel, MD. At the time Dr. Rakel was at the University of Iowa College of Medicine. Subsequently, Dr. Rakel became the second editor of Conns Current Therapy when Dr. Conn died. We are the third and fourth editors of Conns Current Therapy in its 66-year history, and we consider it a great honor. Despite his frenetic work schedule, Dr. Conn was low-key, with an unusual sense of humor, according to Elouise. He didnt have a bad word to say about anyone or anything. He was a good father and provided well. He was slightly over 6 feet tall and trim. He was a voracious reader of the scientific literature, and also of poetry and Westerns. He was an early ecologist and grew plants and crops on the acreage that surrounded his home. After conducting his own research and visiting museums, Dr. Conn built his own full-size replica of an early McCormick reaper. In an obituary published in the Journal of the American Medical AssociationCountry Doctor Passes from Publishing Scene (JAMA 1982;247[23]:3177), John J. Hanley, president of W.B. Saunders Company in Philadelphia, was quoted as saying this about Dr. Conn: All of his work was accomplished, not in a great medical center, but in a small Victorian house. His greatest concern was to meet the needs of the doctor faced with ordinary problems of day-to-day delivery of care. In this he succeeded more than some of our largest institutions. After Dr. Conns death, Elouise maintained an active leadership role in Uniontown. She was president of the hospital auxiliary, president of the state auxiliary association, and a Uniontown Hos- pital board member. She was a member of the board of directors of the Gallatin National Bank Corporation and the advisory board of Penn State Fayette, at the Eberly Campus near Uniontown. She was an active member of the Presbyterian Church, belonged to the Great Meadows Chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution, and played bridge at least once a week. She served as a volunteer at the information desk of the main lobby of Union- town Hospital. The president/CEO of the hospital described her as the face of Uniontown Hospital, noting that she was always helpful, positive, and supportive of patients and families coming into the facility apprehensive about the care of a friend or a loved one (Herald-Standard, posted January 7, 2013. http://www. heraldstandard.com/news/obituaries/elouise-ross-conn-eberly/ article_2e320172-f5ef-5c60-9f3c-e9332f4d3378.html). Most of all, Elouise Ross Conn Eberly was devoted to her family. Our editorial team hopes that Dr. Conn and Elouise Ross Conn Eberly would approve of this edition of Conns Current Therapy. The book is not static. Each year, every chapter is reviewed and updated. Authors continue to be rotated. The book is available online and in print. The online version has a user-friendly search
24. 24. function and has several chapters that are not available in the print version. Call-out boxes, tables, and figures highlight important information. Miriam Chan, PharmD, verifies each drug dosage and formulation. Her work is critically important to the accuracy an