Profile ReportBy C. Keith Conners, Ph.D. and MHS Staff

Copyright © 2001, 2006 Multi-Health Systems Inc. All rights reserved.K-CPT™ test items and normative data © 2001 Multi-Health Systems Inc. All rights reserved. P.O. Box 950, North Tonawanda, NY 14120-09503770 Victoria Park Ave., Toronto, ON M2H 3M6

Conners' Kiddie Continuous Performance Test (K-CPT V.5)

Caution: This report is intended to be used by the test administrator as an interpretive aid. This reportshould not be used as the sole basis for clinical diagnosis or intervention.

IntroductionThe Conners’ Kiddie Continuous Performance Test (K-CPT) is a valuable assessment tool that canreveal important information about a child’s functioning. The instrument is helpful when assessingattention problems. This report provides information about Ronnie’s K-CPT scores and how he compares to the normativegroup. The non-clinical norm group includes 314 children from the general population. The clinical normgroup includes 100 children with ADHD. For further information refer to the K-CPT Technical Guide andSoftware Manual published by MHS.

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Note: For visual display in the graph above, Hit RT is scaled such that for 1. Inattention - slow reaction times produce high T-scores. 2. Impulsivity - fast reaction times produce high T-scores.

Percentile99

98

84

50

3

1

16

The following graph compares Ronnie's T-scores against Non-Clinical and ADHD norms.

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Confidence Index Associated with ADHD AssessmentThe following graph shows Ronnie's Confidence Index for the clinical and non-clinical profiles.

The K-CPT ADHD Confidence Index indicates that there is an equal chance that this profile comes froma group without attention problems or a group with attention problems. Therefore, no suggestedclassification is given.

No Decision, Confidence Index = 50.0%

The Confidence Index should always be reviewed in relation to results on the remaining K-CPTmeasures. When the Confidence Index falls close to 50, however, it is important to examine allindividual index and measure scores, and to consider the relationships between them.

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Summary of Overall MeasuresThe following table summarizes Ronnie's overall measures and gives general information about how hecompares to the normative group.

(general population norms used)

Percentile GuidelineT-ScoreValueMeasure22.41 good performance42.411

0.67Omissions%

67.32 within average range54.4929 58.00

Commissions%

1.00 ATYPICALLY FAST24.05400.36Hit RT41.32 within average range46.8116.70Hit RT Std. Error82.97 within average range58.5438.29Variability43.68 within average range48.410.56Detectability (d')14.74 mildly atypical38.510.32Response Style (ß)39.23 within average range47.271

0.67Perseverations%

92.35 MILDLY ATYPICAL64.300.07Hit RT Block Change98.95 MARKEDLY ATYPICAL73.340.41Hit SE Block Change78.63 within average range56.940.11Hit RT ISI Change99.00 MARKEDLY ATYPICAL79.910.72Hit SE ISI Change

Summary of Inattention MeasuresThe following table summarizes Ronnie's inattention measures and gives general information about howhe compares to the normative group.

(general population norms used)

Percentile GuidelineT-ScoreValueMeasure22.41 OK42.411

0.67Omissions%

67.32 OK54.4929 58.00

Commissions%

1.00 OK24.05400.36Hit RT41.32 OK46.8116.70Hit RT Std. Error82.97 OK58.5438.29Variability43.68 OK48.410.56Detectability (d')78.63 OK56.940.11Hit RT ISI Change99.00 Inattention79.910.72Hit SE ISI Change

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Summary of Impulsivity MeasuresThe following table summarizes Ronnie's impulsivity measures and gives general information about howhe compares to the normative group.

(general population norms used)

Percentile GuidelineT-ScoreValueMeasure67.32 OK54.4929

58.00Commissions%

1.00 Fast24.05400.36Hit RT39.23 OK47.271

0.67Perseverations%

Summary of Vigilance MeasuresThe following table summarizes Ronnie's vigilance measures and gives general information about howhe compares to the normative group.

(general population norms used)

Percentile GuidelineT-ScoreValueMeasure92.35 Poor Vigilance64.300.07Hit RT Block Change98.95 Poor Vigilance73.340.41Hit SE Block Change

About the Summary MeasuresConversions were made for d' so that high T-scores (i.e., >= 60) indicate poor performance for ALLmeasures listed in the table. For ß, both high AND low scores are noteworthy, indicating unusual response styles. Likewise, both high and low Hit RT T-scores can be significant. Low T-scores (unusually fast RTs) maybe associated with impulsivity, and high T-scores (unusually slow RTs) may indicate inattentiveness. In general, the more measures that are atypical, the more likely that a problem exists. The presence ofonly one atypical measure does not usually indicate a problem.

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Interpretive GuideThe purpose of the K-CPT is to provide a performance-based screener for attention problems. If K-CPTresults are poor, follow-up and detailed assessment may be warranted. The K-CPT should be combinedwith other sources of information. Under no circumstances should the K-CPT be used alone to make adiagnosis. A QuickView summary of the findings is followed by four sections of information. The firstsection comments on the validity of the administration. The second section defines the measures andsummarizes the respondent’s performance on each measure. The third section synthesizes theinformation from the measures into a performance profile and provides substantive analysis. The fourthsection uses discriminant analyses to provide an overall assessment.

QuickViewRespondent: Ronnie JonesNo Decision.The K-CPT ADHD Confidence Index indicates that there is an equal chance that this profile comes froma group without attention problems or a group with attention problems. Therefore, no suggestedclassification is given.

Validity of AdministrationThe K-CPT performs a self-diagnostic check of the accuracy of the timing of each K-CPT administration.There was no indication of any timing difficulties or respondent non-compliance, and the currentadministration should be considered valid.

In addition to the Confidence Index, the scores for all of the other specific measures must be consideredwhen interpreting the results.

Definitions and Summary of MeasuresThis section defines each measure, and provides a brief statement regarding the respondent'sperformance with respect to each of these measures. Substantive interpretation is then provided insubsequent sections.OmissionsOmissions result from the failure to respond to targets (i.e., everything except the soccer ball).Ronnie made fewer omission errors than the average of the normative group.CommissionsCommission errors are made when responses are given to non-targets (i.e., the soccer ball).The number of commission errors made is within the average range.Hit Reaction Time - Overall (Hit RT)Overall Hit Reaction Time is the average speed of correct responses for the entire test.Ronnie's overall mean reaction time was very fast in comparison to the normative group average.Standard Error - Overall (Hit RT Std Error)Standard Error is a measure of response speed consistency. The higher the Overall Standard Error, thegreater the inconsistency in the response speed.The consistency of Ronnie's response speed was about typical in comparison to the normative groupaverage.

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Variability of Standard ErrorLike Overall Standard Error, the Variability of Standard Error is a measure of response speedconsistency. However, Variability of Standard Error measures "within respondent" variability. That is, theamount of variability the individual shows in 10 separate segments of the test in relation to his or herown overall standard error. Although Variability of Standard Error is a different measure than OverallStandard Error, typically the two measures produce comparable results. The higher the Variability ofStandard Error, the greater the inconsistency in the response speed.The Variability of Standard Error for Ronnie was about typical in comparison to the normative groupaverage.Detectability (d')The value d' is a measure of the difference between the signal and noise distributions. As such d'provides a means for assessing an individual's discriminative power since, in general, the greater thedifference between the signal and noise distributions, the better the ability to distinguish between stimuli.The value d' is within the average range of the normative group.Response Style Indicator (ß)Beta (ß) represents an individual's response tendency. Some individuals are cautious and choose not torespond very often. Conceptually, such individuals want to make sure they are correct when they give aresponse. Higher values of Beta reflect this response style. The emphasis is on avoiding commissionerrors. Other individuals respond more freely to make sure they respond to most or all targets, and theytend to be less concerned about mistakenly responding to a non-target. Lower values of Beta areproduced by this response style.The obtained value of Beta is lower than the average of the normative group. Ronnie's response stylewas somewhat different than that of a typical respondent from the norm group.PerseverationsAny reaction time that is less than 100 ms constitutes a perseverative response. Given normalexpectations of physiological ability to respond, such responses are usually either slow responses to apreceding stimuli, a random response, an anticipatory response, or a response repeated withoutconsideration of the stimuli or task requirements.The number of perseverations made by the respondent is within the average range.Hit Reaction Time by Block (Hit RT Block Change)Hit RT Block Change measures change in reaction time across the duration of the test. High values ofHit RT Block Change indicate a substantial slowing in reaction times. Low values indicate thatresponses got quicker as the test progressed.The high T-score on this measure indicates that Ronnie had increasingly slower reaction times as theadministration progressed.Standard Error by Block (Hit SE Block Change)Standard Error by Block detects changes in response consistency over the duration of the test.High values of Hit SE Block Change indicate a substantial loss of consistency as the test progressed.Low values on this measure indicate sustained or improved response consistency.The high T-score on this measure indicates that Ronnie became much less consistent (relative to thenorm) as the administration progressed.

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Reaction Time by Inter-Stimulus Interval (Hit RT ISI Change)This measure examines change in average reaction times at the different Inter-Stimulus Intervals (i.e.,when the stimuli are presented at 1.5 or 3.0 second intervals).The obtained value of Hit RT ISI Change is within the average range of the normative group indicatingtypical changes in response speeds across the different Inter-Stimulus Interval levels.Standard Error by Inter-Stimulus Interval (Hit SE ISI Change)This measure examines change in the standard error of reaction times at the different Inter-StimulusIntervals (i.e., when the stimuli are presented at 1.5 or 3.0 second intervals).The high T-score on this measure indicates that Ronnie showed substantially less consistency inreaction times at the different Inter-Stimulus Intervals than was typical in the norm group. Sometimesthis finding relates to activation/arousal needs. Consider optimal stimulation levels in explainingperformance.

Profile AnalysisThis section integrates all of the K-CPT data obtained from the administration to provide clinicallyrelevant interpretations of the results. The interpretations given in this section should be treated ashypotheses, and must be combined with other information about the respondent.Indication of a vigilance problem comes from the fact that reaction times became considerably slowerand less consistent as the administration progressed. The clinician should also examine errors(omissions and commissions) by block to see whether error rates increased in the latter portion of thetest.Ronnie's K-CPT performance was substantively affected by the Inter-Stimulus Interval. Specifically,responses became more erratic when the ISI was slowed from 1.5 seconds to 3.0 seconds. Thedifficulty making the necessary adjustment to the change in tempo of stimulus presentation may reflectlimitations in the ability to adjust to changes in task demands.In addition, each score can be considered separately concentrating on T-scores above 60 (if there areany). High scores in Omissions, Commissions, and Overall Hit Reaction Time pertain to inattentiveness.High scores on Overall Standard Error and Variability relate to response consistency and “erraticness.”A high T-score for d' is commonly associated with poor perceptual power for this task and a belowaverage ability to discriminate targets from non-targets. High scores on either Hit RT ISI Change or HitSE ISI Change tend to indicate a difficulty to adjust to changing task demands. High commissionT-scores can be the result of inattentiveness, but when coupled with average or faster than averagereaction times (e.g., Overall Hit RT T-score of 50 or less), it also can be due to impulsivity. High scoreson either Hit RT Block Change or Hit SE Block Change result from a decline in performance as the testprogressed, and high scores on these measures may relate to vigilance deficits.

Overall AssessmentThis section looks at the Confidence Index and the number of elevated measures to provide an overallassessment of performance on the K-CPT.ADHD Assessment: Poor K-CPT performance; potential attention problems.The ADHD Confidence Index is borderline, but several measures were elevated significantly.Important Additional Notations

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The comments in this report are based on general patterns apparent in Ronnie Jones's responses.Always examine the graphs and information provided carefully to refine (and add to) the interpretationsgiven. For instance, you will want to consider the statistics that are not explicitly discussed in this printedreport. Please consult the K-CPT Technical Guide and Software Manual, or use the K-CPT Help whileexamining an "on screen" report for information about the statistics. The comments made in this report should be used as an aid in the assessment process. Other sourcesof information (e.g., historical information, assessments, observations) should be used in conjunctionwith the information from the K-CPT reports when assessing an individual. The information contained inthis report should be treated as confidential.

>=

<=

Highly AtypicalModerately Atypical

>=

<=

Highly AtypicalModerately Atypical

Mean Hit Reaction Times - ISI Collapsed(general population norms used)

Hit Standard Errors - ISI Collapsed(general population norms used)

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>=

<=

Highly AtypicalModerately Atypical

>=Highly Atypical

Moderately Atypical

<=

Hit Standard Errors - ISI Expanded(general population norms used)

Mean Hit Reaction Times - ISI Expanded(general population norms used)

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Block Data (ISI Collapsed)Block 3Block 2Block 1Measure Block 4 Block 5

40 40 39 Trials 40 40 30 75.00

30 75.00

29 74.00

Targets%

30 75.00

30 75.00

30 100.00

30 100.00

29 100.00

Hits%

29 97.00

30 100.00

0 0.00

0 0.00

0 0.00

Omissions%

1 3.00

0 0.00

10 25.00

10 25.00

10 26.00

Non-Targets%

10 25.00

10 25.00

5 50.00

7 70.00

2 20.00

Rejections%

4 40.00

3 30.00

5 50.00

3 30.00

8 80.00

Commissions%

6 60.00

7 70.00

415 388 318 Overall RT (ms) 402 438 426 391 327 Hit RT (ms) 417 440 352 362 286 Commission RT (ms) 335 426

13.9011.5513.11Hit RT Std. Error (ms) 20.45 75.25

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Block Data (1.5 Second ISI)Block 6Block 3Block 1Measure Block 8 Block 9 Overall

20 20 19 Trials 20 20 99 15 75.00

15 75.00

14 74.00

Targets%

15 75.00

15 75.00

74 75.00

15 100.00

15 100.00

14 100.00

Hits%

15 100.00

15 100.00

74 100.00

0 0.00

0 0.00

0 0.00

Omissions%

0 0.00

0 0.00

0 0.00

5 25.00

5 25.00

5 26.00

Non-Targets%

5 25.00

5 25.00

25 25.00

3 60.00

4 80.00

2 40.00

Rejections%

2 40.00

2 40.00

13 52.00

2 40.00

1 20.00

3 60.00

Commissions%

3 60.00

3 60.00

12 48.00

419 401 271 Overall RT (ms) 388 331 361 430 400 277 Hit RT (ms) 402 329 369 334 414 239 Commission RT (ms) 317 341 314

24.5513.4813.45Hit RT Std. Error (ms) 24.74 12.75 10.60

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Block Data (3.0 Second ISI)Block 5Block 4Block 2Measure Block 7 Block 10 Overall

20 20 20 Trials 20 20 100 15 75.00

15 75.00

15 75.00

Targets%

15 75.00

15 75.00

75 75.00

15 100.00

15 100.00

15 100.00

Hits%

14 93.00

15 100.00

74 99.00

0 0.00

0 0.00

0 0.00

Omissions%

1 7.00

0 0.00

1 1.00

5 25.00

5 25.00

5 25.00

Non-Targets%

5 25.00

5 25.00

25 25.00

2 40.00

3 60.00

0 0.00

Rejections%

2 40.00

1 20.00

8 32.00

3 60.00

2 40.00

5 100.00

Commissions%

3 60.00

4 80.00

17 68.00

411 376 358 Overall RT (ms) 419 539 421 421 381 373 Hit RT (ms) 434 552 432 363 337 314 Commission RT (ms) 352 491 374

12.9318.4413.83Hit RT Std. Error (ms) 33.44 144.34 31.32

End of ReportDate Printed: Thursday, February 02, 2012

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