Conjunctivitis Inflammation Inflammation Erythema Erythema Several causes:Several causes: Bacterial...
-
Upload
julian-prosper-lloyd -
Category
Documents
-
view
227 -
download
1
Transcript of Conjunctivitis Inflammation Inflammation Erythema Erythema Several causes:Several causes: Bacterial...
Conjunctivitis
• InflammationInflammation• ErythemaErythema• Several causes:Several causes:
Bacterial Bacterial ViralViral AllergicAllergic ChemicalChemical
Conjunctivitis - Discharge
DischargeDischarge CauseCause
PurulentPurulent Bacteria Bacteria
ClearClear Viral Viral
White, stringy mucousWhite, stringy mucous Allergies Allergies
Bacterial conjunctivitis
Purulent dischargeConjunctival hyperemia
Viral Conjunctivitis
• AdenovirusAdenovirus• Systemic viral infectionsSystemic viral infections• PainfulPainful
• HerpeticHerpetic• Discordant lack of painDiscordant lack of pain
• Diffuse redness, watery dischargeDiffuse redness, watery discharge
Aim of the test
• An etiological diagnosis of bacterial conjunctivitis by aerobic cultivation with identification and susceptibility test of the isolated bacteria .
• Types of specimen • Discharge from the eye's.
Pathogen and commensals
Specimen collection
• Pull down the lower eyelid so that the lower conjunctival fornix is exposed.
• Swab the fornix without touching the rim of the eyelid with the sterile cotton swab.
• Place the swab immediately in a bacterial transport medium or, the specimen is brought to the laboratory immediately, in a sterile test tube with 0.5 mL of buffered saline (pH 7).
• Take Sufficient amount on the swab
Time relapse before processing the sample
Eye specimen should be processed immediately because tears contains lysosomes which may kill the organism.
• Aim of the test • Aetiological diagnosis of otitis external or otitis
media by aerobic and anaerobic culture with identification and susceptibility test of the isolated organism (s).
• Types of specimen • Pus from the external or middle ear.
Pathogen and commensals
Specimen collection
• Collect a specimen of the discharge on a thin, sterile cotton wool or Dacron swab.
• Place the swab in a container with the transport medium, breaking off the swab stick to allow the stopper to be replaced tightly.
• Label the specimen and send it to the laboratory.
• Time relapse before processing the sample not more than 2 hours
Terminology
Vaginitis : significant inflammatory response in vaginal wall. Accompanied by high number of leukocytes in vaginal fluid.
Found with candida and trichomonas infections.
Vaginosis : minimal inflammatory response with few leukocytes in
vaginal wall. Associated with increase in bacterial concentrations.
Leukorrhoea : a non-infective, non-bloodstained physiological vaginal discharge.
Clinical approach
• Physical Exam : • Appearance of discharge.• Erythema and edema of vaginal mucosa.• pH levels.
• Diagnostic Tools:• Wet mount: microscopic examination of discharge• KOH test: dissolves cellular debris leaving
pseudohyphae of candida.• Whiff test: Fishy odor of BV• Culture.
Common Causes
• Normal discharge (30%) • Bacterial Vaginosis (23-50%) • Candida Vulvovaginitis (20-25%) • Trichomonas vaginitis (5-15%) • Mixed infection or Sexually Transmitted Disease
(20%)
Aim of the test
• Isolate and identify potentially aerobic pathogenic organisms including
• Gardnerella vaginalis and group B Streptococcus; establish the diagnosis of gonorrhea, medical/legal cases.
Types of specimen
• Swab of vagina, cervix, discharge, aspirated endocervical, endometrial, prostatic fluid, or urethral discharge.
• Use swab to inoculate Jembec for transport to the laboratory and recovery of Neisseria gonorrhoeae; swab
• should also be sent in transport device.
Pathogen and commensals
Specimen processing