Conjunctions

( Conjunctions )

3

1. Coordinating Conjunctions 2. Subordinating Conjunctions 3. Correlative Conjunctions

1. Coordinating Conjunctions

and as well as yet but for nor or

Coordinate Conjunctions

1.1

colleges and universities quickly and beautifully pretty and intelligent fish and chips.

1.2

Going to a dance or to a movie.

1.3

Her parents decided to postpone their trip to Los Angeles, for the weather was threatening.

2. Subordinating Conjunctions

(Subordinate

Clause) (Independent Clause)

after because even though even if although before if in order that as since that though as if unless until when whereas whether while as soon as

He works as if he were a machine. Since the road was slippery, John decided to stop

at that motel. He won’t pass the exam unless he studies harder.

3. Correlative Conjunctions

Coordinating

Conjunctions

both…..and neither…..nor not only…..but also either…..or as…..as so…..as

That novel is both good and cheap. Sue is not only a good dancer but also an

accomplished singer. Neither you nor I understand this notice.

Conjunctive Adverbs

Coordinating Conjunctions Conjunctive Adverbs

; ,

,

accordingly for example in fact nevertheless also for instance instead or else besides however meanwhile otherwise consequently in addition moreover therefore so still then thus yet

That handbag is just what I am looking for; however, I don’t have enough money.

There are many earthquakes in Japan, so they don’t build tall buildings.

1. (Addition )

actually besides likewise as a matter of fact again certainly similarly in addition (to) and indeed on top of that not only…..but also also moreover above all both…..and then furthermore in fact neither…..nor

He is not only tired but also hungry.

2. ( Alteration )

or either…..or alternatively on the other hand

My daughter writes letters or sends e-mail to me every week.

That boy can either stay here or leave now.

3. ( Reason/Cause and Result )

- as long as because since owing to then thus

- as a result hence accordingly for this reason therefore consequently because of this

I will lend you my textbook as long as you keep it clean.

Tom was sick; consequently, he didn’t come to your birthday party.

4. ( Comparison )

as…..as as if as though likewise similarly equally correspondingly just as just the same as in a like manner in the same way in the same manner

As my income increases, my expenditure correspondingly increases.

5. ( Conclusion and Summary )

finally after all all in all in short in brief briefly in conclusion to conclude on the whole in summary to summarize to sum up

In short, John is broke. On the whole, Mr. Bush is a good administrator.

6. ( Condition )

if as long as only if unless suppose on the condition that when supposing provided that while supposing that assuming that

When I go to the post office, I always buy new stamps.

I’ll accept his invitation provided that you go with me.

7. (Contrast/Opposition and Concession )

however nevertheless although in contrast still nonetheless though of course but alternatively while on the other hand instead conversely whereas on the contrary rather otherwise yet in spite of that after all for all that even so in spite of the fact that by contrast at the same time

You should do the homework; otherwise you’ll be punished. Anne is careful whereas Kathy makes a lot of mistakes.

8. ( Exemplification )

especially for example for instance including such as as follows particularly chiefly mainly

People use personal computers for many things, for example, shopping, visiting the library or working.

First of all the ingredients such as flour, sugar, fat and water, are put into a mixing machine.

9. ( Emphasis )

also indeed certainly in fact really actually particularly in particular

Our friends also enjoy popular music.

In fact, he didn’t come to English class.

10. ( Sequence )

- first firstly first of all in the first place to begin with initially

in the beginning to start with originally

- second secondly next then subsequently after after that furthermore meanwhile

- in the meantime as soon as meanwhile

shortly after that simultaneously

- eventually finally in the end lastly at last to conclude in conclusion

In the beginning, everything seemed to be difficult for me.

After the conference, we mentioned that matter to him again.

As soon as John arrived, it rained.

11. ( Restatement/Clarification )

or briefly in the end specifically in other words that is the way

The doctor advised my friend specifically not to eat spicy food.

1. You can come to the meeting ______ you don't say anything.

a. so that

b. for

c. as long as

d. until

e. as if

Correct

Incorrect

2. I'm not leaving ______ I get an apology from you.

a. so that

b. as long as

c. yet

d. until

e. but

Correct

Incorrect

3. I came her ______ you could give me an explanation.

a. that

b. after

c. as long as

d. as

e. as if

Correct

Incorrect

4. Bob is very tall ______ Bill is very short.

a. so that

b. because

c. as long as

d. until

e. though

Correct

Incorrect

5. You look ______ you've seen a ghost.

a. so that

b. since

c. as long as

d. until

e. as soon as

Correct

Incorrect

6. I refuse to pay anything ______ you do the work properly.

a. so

b. as long as

c. then

d. until

e. also

Correct

Incorrect

7. I'm going shopping for food this evening ______ I don't have to go at the weekend.

a. so that

b. still

c. as long as

d. yet

e. as if

Correct

Incorrect

8. You look ______ you haven't eaten for a week.

a. again

b. as long as

c. beside

d. until

e. then

Correct

Incorrect

c. as long as

9. I came early ______ I could talk to you privately.

a. so that

b. yet

d. because

e. or

Correct

Incorrect

10. ______ I don't think she's perfect for the job, she's certainly better qualified than Steve.

a. as

b. then

c. as long as

d. until

e. as if

Correct

Incorrect

11. I don't mind if you go out for lunch ______ you're back for the meeting at two.

a. if

b. as long as

c. still

d. until

e. although

Correct

Incorrect

12. Are you OK? You look ______ you have a problem.

a. so that

b. as

c. however

d. but

e. as if

Correct

Incorrect

13. ______ the job is very interesting, it's also very badly paid.

a. even so

b. after all

c. as long as

d. until

e. as if

Correct

Incorrect

14. We'll go to the mountains on Saturday ______ it doesn't rain.

a. so that

b. as long as

c. nonetheless

d. instead

e. whereas

Correct

Incorrect

15. The winters here are very cold ______ the summers are very hot.

a. finally

b. after all

c. as long as

d. until

e. unless

Correct

Incorrect

16. You can write the report when you want ______ it's ready by the end of the month.

a. as though

b. as long as

c. likewise

d. because

e. as if

Correct

Incorrect

17. It looks ______ the government has got a lot of problems.

a. so that

b. besides

c. actually

d. again

e. as if

Correct

Incorrect

18. I want Mary to be in charge ______ I get back from holiday.

a. then

b. as long as

c. above all

d. until

e. and

Correct

Incorrect

19. ______ I don't approve of what you did, I'm not going to punish you for it.

a. finally

b. just as

c. as long as

d. likewise

e. briefly

Correct

Incorrect

20. I'm learning English ______ I can get a better job.

a. so that

b. if

c. as long as

d. until

e. as if

Correct

Incorrect

21. Her car is being repaired at the garage, _______ she has to go to work _______ taxi.

a. so … by

b. for … in

c. neither … with

d. after … in

e. as …by

Correct

Incorrect

22. He did not study for his examination, ______ he passed it with good grades.

a. however

b. nor

c. as if

d. for

e. yet

Correct

Incorrect

23. ______ the time I finished one report, my boss had given me three more.

a. With

b. At

c. After

d. On

e. By

Correct

Incorrect

24. Nor only was he good at English _______ at mathematics.

a. so

b. as

c. but also

d. for

e. and also

Correct

Incorrect

25. _______She is ready , we can go.

a. If

b. While

c. Unless

d. As if

e. When

Correct

Incorrect

26. Tom asked what he knew about the story ______ the pictures.

a. but

b. and

c. for

d. too

e. as

Correct

Incorrect

27. He is learning English ______ he can get a better and more interesting job.

a. so

b. so that

c. although

d. when

e. since

Correct

Incorrect

28. ______ you think of all the people who could have got the job, it seems ridiculous that he was chosen.

a. So

b. If

c. Although

d. When

e. Finally

Correct

Incorrect

29. I'm going to buy a new Beetle, ______ I do think they are over-priced.

a. so

b. so that

c. although

d. when

e. since

Correct

Incorrect

30. ______ you're next in Chicago, give me a call.

a. So

b. While

c. Unless

d. When

e. Since

Correct

Incorrect

Fill in the blanks with these words: although, and, because, but, or, since, so, unless, until, when.

31. Things were different _____ I was young.32. I do it _____ I like it.33. Let us wait here _____ the rain stops.34. You cannot be a lawyer _____ you have a law degree.35. That was years _____ years ago.

answernext

Fill in the blanks with these words: although, and, because, but, or, since, so, unless, until, when.

36. She has not called _____ she left last week.37. I saw him leaving an hour _____ two ago.38. This is an expensive _____ very useful book.39. We were getting tired _____ we stopped for a rest.40. He was angry _____ he heard when happened.

answernext

Fill in the blanks with these words: although, and, because, but, or, since, so, unless, until, when.

41. Walk quickly _____ you will be late.42. He had to retire _____ of ill health.43. We will go swimming next Sunday _____ it's raining.44. I heard a noise _____ I turned the light on.45. Would you like a coffee _____ tea?

answernext

Fill in the blanks with these words: although, and, because, but, or, since, so, unless, until, when.

46. Do you know _____ she will arrive?47. _____ the car is old it still runs well.48. Do you want a pen _____ a bit of paper?49. I would like to go _____ I am too busy.50. She will die _____ the doctors operate immediately.

answernext

31. Things were different __when__ I was young.32. I do it __because__ I like it.33. Let us wait here __until__ the rain stops.34. You cannot be a lawyer __unless__ you have a law degree.35. That was years __and__ years ago.

questionnext

36. She has not called __since__ she left last week.37. I saw him leaving an hour __or__ two ago.38. This is an expensive __but__ very useful book.39. We were getting tired __so__ we stopped for a rest.40. He was angry __when__ he heard when happened.

questionnext

41. Walk quickly __or__ you will be late.42. He had to retire __because__ of ill health.43. We will go swimming next Sunday __unless__ it's raining44. I heard a noise __so__ I turned the light on.45. Would you like a coffee __or__ tea?

questionnext

46. Do you know __when__ she will arrive?47. __Although__ the car is old it still runs well.48. Do you want a pen __and__ a bit of paper?49. I would like to go __but__ I am too busy.50. She will die __unless__ the doctors operate immediately.

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