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Coning and Compositional Simulation
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Transcript of Coning and Compositional Simulation
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PE 425: RESERVOI
MODELING ANDSIMULATION
Faustine
June 2016
University of
Dodo!
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Coning and
Compositional ModeSimulation
Faus
June University of
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Coning ModelSimulation
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Coning ModelSimulation
Coning is the mehanism desri!ing the movement of "at
the perforations of oil produing "ells$ For "ater oning% the movement is up"ards for the ase
"ater% side&"ards for edge "ater$
'o"ever it is do"n"ards for gas oning$
(he prodution of "ater from oil "ells is a ommon ou
inreases the ost of produing operations and may redu
e)ieny of the depletion mehanism and the reovery
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(he oning of "ater into prodution "ells is aused !y pressu
esta!lished around the "ell!ore !y the prodution of *uids fro
(hese pressure gradients an raise the "ater&oil ontat near
"here the gradients are dominant$
(he gravity fores that arise from *uid density di+erenes ou
the *o"ing pressure gradients and tend to ,eep the "ater out-one$
'ene% at any given time% there is a !alane !et"een the grav
the visous fores at any point on and a"ay from the omplet
Coning Model Simulation
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(he "ater one formed eventually !rea,s into the "
produe "ater along "ith the oil "hen the visous fo
e.eed that of the gravitational fores$
(his !asi visuali-ation of oning an !e e.panded i
oneptual ones/&
a sta!le one%
! unsta!le one and
ritial prodution rate$
Coning Model Simulation
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S(34 C547
8f a "ell is produed at a onstant rate and the pressurethe drainage system is onstant% a steady state onditio
reahed% if at this ondition% the dynami fores 9visou
the "ell are less than the gravity fores$
(hen the "ater or gas one that has formed "ill not e.t
"ell $
Moreover% the one "ill not advane nor reede% thus es
"hat is ,no"n as sta!le one$
Coning Model Simulation
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US(34 C547
Conversely% if the pressure in the system is in an unsteady&state ondition% th
"ill !e formed is unsta!le and it "ill ontinue to advane until the steady&sta
over$
8f the *o"ing pressure drop is su)ient to overome the gravity fores% the u
mushroom and ultimately !rea, into the "ell$
8n atual sense therefore% sta!le ones may only !e :pseudosta!le: !eause t
system and the pressure distri!ution generally hange$
For a e.ample% during reservoir depletion% the "ater& oil ontat may advane
ompletion interval% there!y inreasing oning tendenies$
nother one is redution in produtivity due to "ell damage re;uires a orres
inreasing the *o"ing pressure drop to maintain a given prodution rate$ (h
pressure drop may fore an other"ise sta!le one into the "ell$
Coning Model Simulation
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C
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C
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4+ets of Coning issues
?ater oning has !een a ma>or hith that "orries reservo
sine the
ineption of the petroleum industry$
8t seriously impats the "ell produtivity and in*uenes
reovery of the oil reservoirs$
8t also inreases the ost of "ater handling and disposa
=romotes orrosive pro!lems in prodution failities%
8t auses early shut do"n of the a+eted "ells$
Coning Model Simulation
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M4C'8SM 5F ?(4< C58@ 5il reservoirs "ith !ottom "ater drive have high oil reovery
supplemental energy from the a;uifer$
?ells are often penetrated in the top setion of the oil forma
minimi-e or delay "ater oning "hen there is no gas ap in t
(he main reason of "ater oning is that% "ater moves to the
least resistane in the reservoir "hile !alaned !y its gravity
e;uili!rium$
8t is o!vious that oil prodution in the "ell reates a pressure
"hih elevates the oil&"ater ontat 95?C in the immediate
the "ell$
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M4C'8SM 5F ?(4< C58@Shemati of "ater oning in reservoir under a;uifer support in hori-o
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M4C'8SM 5F ?(4< C58@Shemati of "ater oning in vertial "ells
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M4C'8SM 5F ?(4< C58@Cone !rea,through time and !uild up time developmFor the advaning one% distane or height attained !y an oil partile moving at th
!y this e;uation/
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Compositional modelSimulation
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Compositional model Simulati
!la, oil simulator does not onsider hanges in ompositio
hydroar!ons as the Aeld is produed$
(he ompositional model% is a more omple. model% "here th
properties of oil and gas phases have !een Atted to an e;uati
945S% as a mi.ture of omponents$
(he simulator then uses the Atted 45S e;uation to dynamial
movement of !oth phases and omponents in Aeld$
(he simulation model omputes the saturation hange of thre
"ater and gasand pressure of eah phase in eah ell at ea
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s a result of delining pressure as in a reservoir depletion s
!e li!erated from the oil$ 8f pressures inrease as a result of
in>etion% the gas is re&dissolved into the oil phase$
simulation pro>et of a developed Aeld% usually re;uires h
mathing "here historial Aeld prodution and pressures ar
to alulated values$
(he model:s parameters are ad>usted until a reasona!le mat
ahieved on a Aeld !asis and usually for all "ells$ Commonly
"ater uts or "ater&oil ratios and gas&oil ratios are mathed$
Compositional model Simulatio
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8ntrodution to Compositional Sim
8ntrodution to Compositional
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8ntrodution to CompositionalSimulation So as onsidering so&alled la, 5il models$
(hese models assume that the hydroar!ons may !e desr
omponents% oil and gas% and that hydroar!on *uid ompo
onstant during the simulation$
ll *uid properties are assumed to !e determined !y oil pre
!u!!le point pressure only$
ll mass transfer !et"een the t"o omponents is normally
the solution gas&oil ratio term%
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8n reservoirs ontaining light oil% the hydroar!on omposition
pressures a+et *uid properties$
4;uili!rium *ash alulations using K values or and e;uation o
must !e used to determine hydroar!on phase ompositions$
Compositional simulation is !eyond the sope of this ourse% h
"ill in the follo"ing give a short introdution to the su!>et$
8n a ompositional model% "e in priniple ma,e mass !alanes
hydroar!on omponent% suh as methane% ethane% propane% e
"e limit the num!er of omponents inluded% and group omp
pseudo&omponents$
8ntrodution to CompositionalSimulation
8ntrodution to Compositional
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?e still have oil and gas as *o"ing hydroar!on phasefollo"ing "e "ill for simpliity e.lude "ater% "hih "o
form idential to its form in the la, 5il model$ ?e deAne
8ntrodution to CompositionalSimulation
8ntrodution to Compositional
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8ntrodution to CompositionalSimulation
8ntrodution to Compositional
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8ntrodution to CompositionalSimulation
8ntrodution to Compositional
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(he num!er of e;uations that must !e solved in ompositional simdepends on the num!er of omponents modeled$
5ften% "e model the lighter omponents individually% and group heomponents into a pseudo&omponent$
8f non&hydroar!ons are involved% these may have to also !e mode
(he la, 5il model may !e onsidered to !e a pseudo&ompositiot"o omponents$ gain negleting "ater% if "e deAne our ompon
8ntrodution to CompositionalSimulation
8ntrodution to Compositional
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8ntrodution to CompositionalSimulation
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8ntrodution to Compositional Simu
!la, oil simulator does not onsider hanges in ompositio
hydroar!ons as the Aeld is produed$
(he ompositional model% is a more omple. model% "here th
properties of oil and gas phases have !een Atted to an e;uati
945S% as a mi.ture of omponents$
(he simulator then uses the Atted 45S e;uation to dynamialmovement of !oth phases and omponents in Aeld$
(he simulation model omputes the saturation hange of thre
"ater and gasand pressure of eah phase in eah ell at ea
8 t d ti t C iti l Si
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s a result of delining pressure as in a reservoir depletion s
!e li!erated from the oil$ 8f pressures inrease as a result of in>etion% the gas is re&dissolved into the oil phase$
simulation pro>et of a developed Aeld% usually re;uires h
mathing "here historial Aeld prodution and pressures ar
to alulated values$
(he model:s parameters are ad>usted until a reasona!le mat
ahieved on a Aeld !asis and usually for all "ells$ Commonly
"ater uts or "ater&oil ratios and gas&oil ratios are mathed$
8ntrodution to Compositional Sim
Simulation soft"are
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Many soft"are% private% open soure or ommerial% are availa!le for reservoir simul
"ell ,no"s 9in alpha!etial order are7
O"en So#r$e:
5S( & la, 5il pplied Simulation (ool 9oast simulator is a free soft"are pa,a
simulation availa!le from the U$S$ Department of 4nergy$1E oast is an 8M=4S num
9Anite&di+erene impliit pressure&e.pliit saturation "hih Ands the pressure distr
time step Arst then alulates the saturation distri!ution for the same time step iso
release "as in 1G6 !ut it remains as a good simulator for eduational purposes$
M
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Simulation soft"are%oer$i!&:
%MGSuite 98M4I% @4M and S(
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%oer$i!&:
Stohasti Simulation