Congress House of Representatives & Senate. House of Representatives House of Representatives 435...

CongressCongress

House of RepresentativesHouse of Representatives

& Senate& Senate


House of Representatives 435 MembersHouse of Representatives 435 MembersSpeaker of the House-John Boehner Speaker of the House-John Boehner

(Republican) Ohio(Republican) OhioSpeaker of the House is second in line to Speaker of the House is second in line to

be President after the Vice Presidentbe President after the Vice PresidentRepublicans control the HouseRepublicans control the HouseDemocrats are the minority party in the Democrats are the minority party in the

HouseHouseNancy Pelosi (Democrat) Minority LeaderNancy Pelosi (Democrat) Minority Leader


Term for Representative-2 YearsTerm for Representative-2 YearsMembers of the House-Called Members of the House-Called

RepresentativeRepresentativeMembers of the House are more Members of the House are more

concerned with the district they concerned with the district they representrepresent

And interests of the People.And interests of the People.Kevin McCarthy-Majority Leader Kevin McCarthy-Majority Leader

(Republican)(Republican)


Salary for House of Representative-Salary for House of Representative-$174,000$174,000

435 Members435 MembersRepublicans 247Republicans 247Democrats 188Democrats 18850 % plus 1 would be 218. If all 50 % plus 1 would be 218. If all

Republicans vote along party lines Republicans vote along party lines they don’t need the democrats to they don’t need the democrats to agree. agree.

SenateSenate

Members are called SenatorsMembers are called Senators6 Year Terms6 Year TermsMajority Leader-Harry Reid, Majority Leader-Harry Reid, Upper HouseUpper HousePresident of Senate-Joe Biden (Vice President of Senate-Joe Biden (Vice

President of the U.S.)President of the U.S.)Minority Leader-Mitch McConnell Minority Leader-Mitch McConnell

(Kentucky) (Kentucky)

SenateSenate

100 Senators in the Senate100 Senators in the Senate Minority Leader-Harry Reid Nevada (D) Minority Leader-Harry Reid Nevada (D) Majority Leader-Mitch McConnell Kentucky Majority Leader-Mitch McConnell Kentucky

®® Two Senators from each state regardless Two Senators from each state regardless

of the population of the state.of the population of the state. 1/3 of the senators are up for re election in 1/3 of the senators are up for re election in

November 2016.November 2016.

SenateSenate

President Pro Tempore-Patrick Leahy President Pro Tempore-Patrick Leahy (Vermont)(Vermont)

$193, 400$193, 400 Senate approves Presidential Senate approves Presidential

appointmentsappointments Senators look at focusing on the interests Senators look at focusing on the interests

of the stateof the state Majority Party in the Senate is the Majority Party in the Senate is the

Republican partyRepublican party Minority Party in the Senate is the Minority Party in the Senate is the

Democratic PartyDemocratic Party

CongressCongress

Census-Tallying of people living in the U.S. Census-Tallying of people living in the U.S. Presently we have 324 million peoplePresently we have 324 million peopleThis total does not include the illegals This total does not include the illegals

living in the U.S. (7 to 20 Million)living in the U.S. (7 to 20 Million)Census is used to determine how many Census is used to determine how many

representatives each state has in the representatives each state has in the House of RepresentativeHouse of Representative

Each state is guaranteed 1 Rep in the Each state is guaranteed 1 Rep in the House. House.

SenateSenate

Assistant Majority LeaderAssistant Majority Leader(Democratic Whip)(Democratic Whip)Richard DurbinDemocrat, Illinois Democrat, Illinois

Assistant Minority LeaderAssistant Minority Leader(Republican Whip)(Republican Whip)Jon KylRepublican, Arizona Republican, Arizona

SenateSenate

Senators are assigned to Senators are assigned to committees.committees.

Seniority-Years of ServiceSeniority-Years of Service

Senate Comm.Senate Comm.

Standing Standing Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry Appropriations Armed Services Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs

Budget Commerce, Science, and Transportation

Senate CommSenate Comm

Energy and Natural Resources Environment and Public Works Finance Foreign Relations Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs

Judiciary Rules and Administration Small Business and Entrepreneurship Veterans' Affairs

SenateSenate

Special, Select, and Other Special, Select, and Other Indian Affairs Select Committee on Ethics Select Committee on Intelligence

Special Committee on Aging

SenateSenate

About The Committee SystemAbout The Committee System Due to the high volume and Due to the high volume and complexity of its work, the Senate complexity of its work, the Senate divides its tasks among 20 divides its tasks among 20 committees, 68 subcommittees, and committees, 68 subcommittees, and 4 joint committees. Although the 4 joint committees. Although the Senate committee system is similar to Senate committee system is similar to that of the House of Representatives, that of the House of Representatives, it has its own guidelines.it has its own guidelines.

SenateSenate

Joint Joint Joint Committee on Printing Joint Committee on Taxation Joint Committee on the Library Joint Economic Committee Joint Select Committee on Deficit Reduction


Representative is the name often given to Representative is the name often given to a member of the House of Representativesa member of the House of Representatives

Congressman is another name for a Congressman is another name for a representativerepresentative

Speaker of the House-John Boehner from Speaker of the House-John Boehner from Ohio The Speaker of the House is second Ohio The Speaker of the House is second in line to succeed the President, after the in line to succeed the President, after the Vice President. Vice President.

Majority Party in the House-RepublicansMajority Party in the House-Republicans Minority Party in the House-DemocratsMinority Party in the House-Democrats

House of RepHouse of Rep

Elected to a two-year term, each Elected to a two-year term, each representative serves the people of a representative serves the people of a specific congressional district by specific congressional district by introducing bills and serving on introducing bills and serving on committees, among other duties.committees, among other duties.


Republican LeadershipRepublican LeadershipMajority LeaderRep. Eric CantorRep. Eric CantorMajority WhipRep. Kevin McCarthyRep. Kevin McCarthyConference ChairmanRep. Jeb HensarlingRep. Jeb Hensarling


Democratic LeadershipDemocratic Leadership Democratic Leader Rep. Nancy PelosiRep. Nancy Pelosi Democratic Whip Rep. Steny HoyerRep. Steny Hoyer Assistant Democratic Leader Rep. James ClyburnRep. James Clyburn Democratic Caucus Rep. John LarsonRep. John Larson


Agriculture Appropriations Armed Services Budget Education and the Workforce Energy and Commerce Ethics


Financial Services Foreign Affairs Homeland Security House Administration Judiciary Natural Resources


Oversight and Government Reform Rules Science, Space, and Technology Small Business Transportation and Infrastructure


Veterans’ Affairs Ways and Means Intelligence


Joint Economic Committee Joint Committee on the Library Joint Committee on Printing Joint Committee on Taxation


Nancy Pelosi-2007 was the first Nancy Pelosi-2007 was the first female to be elected as Speaker of female to be elected as Speaker of the House.the House.

Majority LeaderMajority Leader

The role of the majority leader has The role of the majority leader has been defined by history and tradition. been defined by history and tradition. This officer is charged with scheduling This officer is charged with scheduling legislation for floor consideration; legislation for floor consideration; planning the daily, weekly, and annual planning the daily, weekly, and annual legislative agendas; consulting with legislative agendas; consulting with Members to gauge party sentiment; Members to gauge party sentiment; and, in general, working to advance and, in general, working to advance the goals of the majority party. the goals of the majority party.

Minority LeadersMinority Leaders

The minority leader serves as floor The minority leader serves as floor leader of the "loyal opposition," and is leader of the "loyal opposition," and is the minority counterpart to the the minority counterpart to the Speaker. Although many of the basic Speaker. Although many of the basic leadership responsibilities of the leadership responsibilities of the minority and majority leaders are minority and majority leaders are similar, the minority leader speaks for similar, the minority leader speaks for minority party and its policies and minority party and its policies and works to protect the minority's rights works to protect the minority's rights 2727

SenioritySeniority

The senior majority party member on The senior majority party member on a committee still usually wins the a committee still usually wins the role of chairperson, but it is no longer role of chairperson, but it is no longer guaranteed.guaranteed.

Legislative PowersLegislative Powers

Expressed Powers-Specific powers of Expressed Powers-Specific powers of Congress. Example: Raise and Congress. Example: Raise and support Armies.support Armies.

Implied Powers-Powers that Congress Implied Powers-Powers that Congress has but are not explicitly stated in has but are not explicitly stated in Constitution.Constitution.

Elastic Clause-Clause 18 has allowed Elastic Clause-Clause 18 has allowed Congress to stretch its powers to Congress to stretch its powers to meet new needs.meet new needs.

Tax BillsTax Bills

All tax bills and other measures to All tax bills and other measures to raise money must start in the House raise money must start in the House of Rep.of Rep.

Senate must approve the bills for Senate must approve the bills for them to become laws with the them to become laws with the approval of the President.approval of the President.

Bills to spend money must also begin Bills to spend money must also begin in the House.in the House.

BillsBills

Authorization Bills-Create projects Authorization Bills-Create projects like the space shuttle programlike the space shuttle program

Appropriation Bills-Actually provide Appropriation Bills-Actually provide the money for each program or the money for each program or activity.activity.

No government agency can spend No government agency can spend money without approval from money without approval from Congress.Congress.

Powers of CongressPowers of Congress

Only congress can declare warOnly congress can declare warSenate must approve treatiesSenate must approve treatiesRegulating commerce with other Regulating commerce with other

countries is another power granted countries is another power granted to Congressto Congress


Using page 149 make a chart Using page 149 make a chart showing both the selected expressed showing both the selected expressed and implied powersand implied powers

Money PowersMoney PowersCommerce PowersCommerce PowersMilitary and Foreign Policy PowersMilitary and Foreign Policy PowersOther legislative powers.Other legislative powers.Use paper provided in the room and Use paper provided in the room and

this is due by the end of the period.this is due by the end of the period.


Constitution allows Congress the power Constitution allows Congress the power to propose Constitutional amendments to propose Constitutional amendments by a two thirds vote of both houses.by a two thirds vote of both houses.

Congress is in charge of counting Congress is in charge of counting electoral votes in presidential elections.electoral votes in presidential elections.

No MajorityNo MajorityHouse picks PresidentHouse picks PresidentSenate chooses Vice PresidentSenate chooses Vice President

CongressCongress

Senate has the power to approve or Senate has the power to approve or reject the president’s nominees for:reject the president’s nominees for:

Supreme Court JusticesSupreme Court JusticesFederal JudgesFederal JudgesAmbassadorsAmbassadors

ImpeachImpeach

House as the sole authority to House as the sole authority to impeach-accuse officials of impeach-accuse officials of misconduct in officemisconduct in office

Senate acts a jury and decides by a Senate acts a jury and decides by a two thirds vote whether to convict two thirds vote whether to convict and remove the person from office.and remove the person from office.

Congress

Incumbant-Someone in office running for another term.

Tabled-Set asideConstituents-People a person in office

voted for and that you as an official represent.

Override Veto-2/3 vote by both housesPartisan-Republican, RepublicanDemocrat, Democrat

Congress

Foreign Relations-Relationship with U.S. and another country.

Next Presidential ElectionNovember, 2016Commerce-TradeSeniority-Many years of serviceFilibuster-Wasting time to delay a

vote in the Senate

Congress

Rider-Add something in a bill that has nothing to do with the bill knowing the bill will pass.

Census-Taken every 10 years.House of Rep. would be interested in

the census.Veto-Power of the President to knock

down a bill he/she does not like.

Limits on Power of CongressLimits on Power of Congress

Writ of Habeas Corpus-Court order Writ of Habeas Corpus-Court order that requires police to bring a that requires police to bring a prisoner to court to explain why they prisoner to court to explain why they are holding the person.are holding the person.

Bills of Attainder-Laws that punish a Bills of Attainder-Laws that punish a person without a jury trial. Congress person without a jury trial. Congress has prohibited Bills of Attainderhas prohibited Bills of Attainder

Ex Post Facto LawsEx Post Facto Laws

Qualifications for HouseQualifications for House

25 Years of age25 Years of ageLive in state you representLive in state you representU.S. Citizen for at least 7 years U.S. Citizen for at least 7 years

before being elected.before being elected.

Qualifications for SenatorQualifications for Senator

30 Years old30 Years oldLive in state you plan to representLive in state you plan to representU.S. Citizen for at least 9 years U.S. Citizen for at least 9 years

before being elected.before being elected.

Members of CongressMembers of Congress

Franking Privilege-Senators and Franking Privilege-Senators and Representatives can send job-related Representatives can send job-related mail without paying postage.mail without paying postage.

Members of Congress have low cost Members of Congress have low cost life insurancelife insurance

Have certain immunity rights that Have certain immunity rights that give them some protection as give them some protection as Senators and Representatives.Senators and Representatives.

LobbyistsLobbyists

People hired by private groups to People hired by private groups to influence government decision influence government decision makersmakers

Pork Barrel ProjectsPork Barrel Projects

Government projects and grants that Government projects and grants that primarily benefit the home districts primarily benefit the home districts or state. or state.

Bill to LawBill to Law

Turn to Page 160Turn to Page 160Use the information on p. 160 to fill Use the information on p. 160 to fill

in your chartin your chartWhy is it so hard to pass billsWhy is it so hard to pass bills

Voting on a BillVoting on a Bill

Filibuster-Talk a bill to deathFilibuster-Talk a bill to death Cloture-Under this procedure, no one may Cloture-Under this procedure, no one may

speak for more than one hourspeak for more than one hour Veto-Refuse to signVeto-Refuse to sign Over Ride Presidential VetoOver Ride Presidential Veto Private Bills-Concern individual peoplePrivate Bills-Concern individual people Public Bills-Apply to nation as a wholePublic Bills-Apply to nation as a whole Riders-Complete unrelated amendments Riders-Complete unrelated amendments

added to a another bill. added to a another bill.

Bill to LawBill to Law

Voice Vote-Yea or noVoice Vote-Yea or noStanding Vote-Those in favor stand to Standing Vote-Those in favor stand to

be counted. House uses a be counted. House uses a computerized voting system to produce computerized voting system to produce a permanent record of everyone’s vote.a permanent record of everyone’s vote.

Roll-Call Vote-Vote as your name is Roll-Call Vote-Vote as your name is calledcalled

Constitution requires that the senate Constitution requires that the senate and house pass a bill in identical form and house pass a bill in identical form before it becomes a lawbefore it becomes a law

Presidential ActionPresidential Action

Veto-Refuse to signVeto-Refuse to signPocket VetoPocket VetoLine Item Veto where the President Line Item Veto where the President

can take out a line he or she does can take out a line he or she does not like.not like.

The current salary (2011-2012) for rank-and-The current salary (2011-2012) for rank-and-file members of the House and Senate is file members of the House and Senate is $174,000 per year.$174,000 per year.

The Constitution grants the House several The Constitution grants the House several exclusive powers: the power to initiate exclusive powers: the power to initiate revenue bills, to bills, to impeach officials, and to elect officials, and to elect the President in case of an the President in case of an Electoral College deadlock.deadlock.2 The House meets in the south The House meets in the south wing of the wing of the United States Capitol, with the , with the Senate meeting in the north wing of the same Senate meeting in the north wing of the same building.building.

CommitteesCommittees

Subcommittees-Deal with more specific issuesSubcommittees-Deal with more specific issues Select Comm-Created to do a special job for a Select Comm-Created to do a special job for a

limited periodlimited period Standing Comm-Permanent comm.Standing Comm-Permanent comm. Joint Comm-Include members of both housesJoint Comm-Include members of both houses Senators/Representatives are assigned to the Senators/Representatives are assigned to the

various committees.various committees. Leaders of the political parties make Leaders of the political parties make

committee appointments.committee appointments. Conference Comm-Trying to figure out details.Conference Comm-Trying to figure out details.

Senate Committees

Agriculture, Nutrition, ForestryAgriculture, Energy, Marketing,

Inspection, Plant and Animal Health, Price Support, Rural Development, Conservation, & Forestry)

Appropriations-Money Distribution among the committees

Armed Services-Oversees weapons programs and military operations

Senate Comm.

Budget-Responsible for wring the overall budget plan for the year.

Commerce, Science, Transportation-All matters relating to technology, transportation, Communications, and Consumer Affairs

Energy and Natural Resources-It oversees research, regulation, and use of all energy resources

Senate Comm.

Environment and Public Works-It is responsible for air and water quality, flood protection, drinking and wastewater systems, Nuclear Safety, Global Warming, and wildlife protection.

Finance-Handles issues of public money, health care, and social security

Foreign Relations-It helps shape U.S. Policy around the world.

Senate Comm

Health, Education, Labor, Pensions-It oversees health care, schools, employment, and retirement programs

Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs-It oversees health care and government management

Senate Comm.

Judiciary-It deals with legal matters ranging from criminal justice to antitrust and intellectual property law, Human Rights, Immigration, Border Security Terrorism

Rules and Administration-It handles Senate Rules

Senate Comm

Small Business and Entrepreneurship-Promotes small businesses

Veterans Affairs-It oversees veterans’ health care and benefits.

House Comm

Agriculture-Farm Production to ensure fair prices, helps farmers financially, helps food producers sell goods overseas.

Commerce-Promotes trade, economic growth, prevents unfair trade practices.

Defense-It oversees everything regarding America’s military

House Comm

Education-It is in charge of federal education programs including: Student loans, migrant training, vocational training, and programs with people with special needs.

Energy-Responsible for the research and development of energy technology., use of nuclear energy, and pricing and distrubtion of oil

House Comm

Health and Human Services, Social Security, Medicare, Medicaid, Social

services for children. Homeland-Was created in response to 9-

11 and its function to protect the nation against threats to the homeland.

Housing and Urban development-Community development, administer fair housing laws and provide affordable housing for the needy.

House Comm

Interior-It works to protect the natural environment.

Labor-Protect worker’s rights, improve working conditions

State-It helps the President with international affairs and in carrying out U.S. Foreign policy, negotiates treaties with other countries.

House Comm

Transportation-Sets national transportation policy including highway planning development, aviation, mass transit, and railroads.

Treasury-Oversees and reports on the financial state of the government and economy. IRS is under this department.

Veteran Affairs-It provides benefits and services to former service men and women.

House of Rep.

Republican Leadership Majority Leader

Rep. Eric Cantor Represents Republicans on the House floor. Majority Whip

Rep. Kevin McCarthy Assists leadership in managing party's legislative

program

House of Rep.

Democratic LeaderRep. Nancy PelosiRepresents Democrats on the House

floor. Democratic WhipRep. Steny HoyerAssists leadership in managing

party's legislative program.

Committees Senate

the Senate divides its tasks among 20 committees, 68 subcommittees, and 4 joint committees.

Senate-Democrat Leadership Senate Organization Chart for the 113th CongressThe Virtual

Reference Desk provides resources about Senate Leadership, committees, and officers.

Constitutionally Mandated Officers Vice President Biden, Joseph R., Jr. President Pro Tempore Leahy, Patrick J. (D-VT), Political Party Leaders Majority Party Majority Leader Reid, Harry (D-NV) Majority Whip Durbin, Richard J. (D-IL)

Committees The House’s committees consider bills and issues and oversee

agencies, programs, and activities within their jurisdictions. Agriculture Appropriations Armed Services Budget Education and the Workforce Energy and Commerce Ethics Financial Services Foreign Affairs Homeland Security House Administration Judiciary Natural Resources

House of Rep Committees Oversight and Government Reform Rules Science, Space, and Technology Small Business Transportation and Infrastructure Veterans’ Affairs Ways and Means Intelligence Joint Economic Committee Joint Committee on the Library Joint Committee on Printing Joint Committee on Taxation

There are twenty-three committees in the House (including "select intelligence") and twenty-three in the Senate.

Currently, there are 20 current standing committees of the House

Standing Committee-Permanent Comm.Joint Committee-Members of house and

SenateConference Comm-Not Permanent

committee

Riders-a rider is an additional provision added to a bill or other measure under the consideration by a legislature, having little connection with ...The original bill.

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